High Levels Of Potassium Research Articles

Assessment of etiological factors of hyperkalemia development in cats

Hyperkalemia, or elevated potassium levels in the blood, can have a serious effect on the body. High potassium levels can be both a cause and a consequence of impaired cell function, including cells of the heart, nervous system, muscles and other organs. The purpose of the presented study was to identify and evaluate the etiological causes leading to the development of hyperkalemia in cats in St. Petersburg with subsequent statistical processing of the results obtained. The serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, glucose, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, as well as the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (AlAt), aspartate aminotransferase (AsAt) and alkaline phosphatase were determined. The study of biochemical parameters was carried out according to generally accepted methods. It was revealed that the most common causes of hyperkalemia in cats include disorders of the urinary system (52%) – acute renal failure, less often chronic kidney disease, as well as diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (24%), oncological processes (19%). It was also revealed that the survival rate for 7 days after diagnosis was approximately the same in groups with different levels of hyperkalemia and amounted to about 60-67%, which indicates the rapid reversibility of adverse reactions resulting from hyperkalemia with timely intervention. In the future, the study is planned to expand with the capture and analysis of individual nosological units and breed characteristics, as well as dietary characteristics, the ratio to the severity of the condition, the analysis of life expectancy and survival.

An investigation of association between human milk mineral patterns and infant growth.

Human milk is widely acknowledged as the optimal food for infant aged 0 ~ 6 months. While there has been extensive documentation on the mineral and trace element composition of human milk, results on the relationship between mineral content and infant growth remain mixed. This cross-sectional study aims to explore human milk mineral patterns and to investigate associations between human milk mineral patterns, human milk metabolomic profile and infant growth. A total of 200 breast milk samples from seven cities in China was included. Human milk mineral and trace elements was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). K-means cluster analysis was utilized to derived human milk mineral patterns. Untargeted human milk metabolomic profiles was determined using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Differences of infant growth rate and metabolomic profiles were then compared across patterns identified. Three human milk mineral patterns were identified. Cluster I was characterized as the highest levels of potassium, magnesium and calcium, while the lowest levels of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium. Cluster II showed the most abundant sodium, iron, zinc, manganese and selenium. Cluster III had the lowest levels of sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron and calcium. Infants of cluster I showed significantly higher length-for-age z score (0.60 ± 2.03, p = 0.03). Compared with other clusters, samples of cluster I showed lower expression of metabolites of arachidonic acid (ARA) and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathway. A human milk mineral pattern was identified which is related to increased infant growth rate and altered metabolic signature. Future work is needed to understand these human milk patterns in terms of biologic mechanisms and generalization to other populations.

Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Patients with Hyperkalemia: A Retrospective Study in an Emergency Department in Colombia.

Hyperkalemia is a prevalent electrolyte disorder related to elevated serum potassium levels, resulting in diverse abnormal electrocardiographic findings and associated clinical signs and symptoms, often necessitating specific treatment. However, in some patients, these abnormal findings may not be present on the electrocardiogram even in elevated serum potassium levels. This study aims to identify electrocardiographic abnormalities related to the severity of hyperkalemia and the clinical outcomes in an emergency department in southwestern Colombia. This is a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study. We described the electrocardiographic findings, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes related to the degrees of hyperkalemia. The potential association between the severity of hyperkalemia and electrocardiographic findings was evaluated. A total of 494 patients were included. The median of the potassium level was 6.6 mEq/L. Abnormal electrocardiographic findings were reported in 61.5% of the cases. Mild and severe hyperkalemia groups reported abnormalities in 59.9% and 61.2%, respectively. The most common electrocardiography abnormalities were the peaked T wave 36.2%, followed by wide QRS 83 (16.8%). Only 1.4% of patients had adverse outcomes. The abnormal findings were registered in 61.5%. Mortality was 11.9%. The peaked T wave was the most common finding across different levels of hyperkalemia severity. High serum potassium levels are related with abnormal ECG. However, patients with different degrees of hyperkalemia could not describe abnormal ECG findings. In a high proportion of patients with renal chronic disease and hyperkalemia, the abnormalities in the ECG could be minimal or absent.

Risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular events among patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and their association with serum magnesium

Serum magnesium levels exceeding 0.9 mmol/L are associated with increased survival rates in patients with CKD. This retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular events among patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and to examine their correlations with serum magnesium levels. Sociodemographic data, clinical physiological and biochemical indexes, and cardio-cerebrovascular event data were collected from 189 patients undergoing CAPD. Risk factors associated with cardio-cerebrovascular events were identified by univariate binary logistic regression analysis. Correlations between the risk factors and serum magnesium levels were determined by correlation analysis. Univariate regression analysis identified age, C-reactive protein (CRP), red cell volume distribution width standard deviation, red cell volume distribution width corpuscular volume, serum albumin, serum potassium, serum sodium, serum chlorine, serum magnesium, and serum uric acid as risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular events. Among them, serum magnesium ≤0.8 mmol/L had the highest odds ratio (3.996). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that serum magnesium was an independent risk factor, while serum UA (<440 μmol/L) was an independent protective factor for cardio-cerebrovascular events. The incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular events differed significantly among patients with different grades of serum magnesium (χ2 = 12.023, p = 0.002), with the highest incidence observed in patients with a serum magnesium concentration <0.8 mmol/L. High serum magnesium levels were correlated with high levels of serum albumin (r = 0.399, p < 0.001), serum potassium (r = 0.423, p < 0.001), and serum uric acid (r = 0.411, p < 0.001), and low levels of CRP (r = −0.279, p < 0.001). In conclusion, low serum magnesium may predict cardio-cerebrovascular events in patients receiving CAPD.

Evaluating the associations between compliance with CKD guideline component metrics and renal outcomes

Understanding the association between compliance to the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) guidelines in real-world clinical settings and renal outcomes remains a critical gap in knowledge. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using data from a national, multicenter CKD registry. This study included 4,455 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurement on the index date and eight additional metrics recorded within six months. These metrics comprised serum electrolyte levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, and the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. The primary outcome was a composite of renal events, defined by a decline in eGFR to < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or a reduction of ≥ 30% in eGFR, confirmed by follow-up tests. Over a median follow-up of 513 days, 838 renal events were observed. High serum potassium levels (> 5.4 mmol/L) were associated with increased event rates compared to lower levels. Similarly, low serum sodium-chloride levels (< 33) correlated with higher event rates. Usage of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, low serum calcium (< 8.4 mg/dL), and high uric acid levels (> 7.0 mg/dL) were also linked to increased events. Conversely, higher hemoglobin levels (≥ 13 g/dL) were associated with lower event rates. Compliance to guidelines, categorized into quartiles based on the number of met metrics, revealed a significantly reduced risk of events in the highest compliance group (meeting 8 metrics) compared to the lowest (0–5 metrics). Compliance to CKD guidelines in clinical practice is significantly associated with improved renal outcomes, emphasizing the need for guideline-concordant care in the management of CKD.

Productivity, morphology and mineral composition of forage palm clones biostimulated with humic substances

An initial protocol was carried out in pots with forage cactus, in a greenhouse for 90 days and, in this, the dilution of SH_6.25% [1/16 - SH (100%)] of humic substances (HS) was determined. of commercial vermicompost (earthworm humus) as the best dose of stimulus to plants through the integration of dose-response curves. This concentration was then tested in the field when planting cactus. The application of humic substances occurred one week after planting, randomizing the planting lines, so that of the 24 lines implemented, half received application of humic substances and the other half did not receive any treatment after implantation. Morphological and morphogenetic analyzes of cactus pear were carried out and it was observed that the application of humic substances provided greater positive correlations between the morphogenic variables and the production of vegetative biomass since in the treatment with humic substances the plants obtained greater vegetative biomass, height, length, width w cladode perimeter and largest cladode area index. Higher levels of potassium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese and boron were also observed in plants that received humic substances. These responses show that the use of humic substances increases the production of palm biomass and positively affects the morphogenic characteristics of the crop.

The role of pre-existing renal dysfunction on in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements None. Introduction The baseline renal function is an important predictor for the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of our study was to analyse the impact of pre-existing renal failure (RF) and the risk profile of patients with ACS on the development of in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods This was a single-center cross-sectional cohort study on 2702 patients with ACS. The main exclusion criterion was pre-existing left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Demographical and clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters, the anatomical distribution of coronary artery disease, and the final outcomes were analysed according to presence of RF at the moment of the index event. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group Equation (MDRD), where patients with eGFR&amp;lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 had moderate to severe renal dysfunction. Results 777 (22.3%) out of 2702 patients had eGFR &amp;lt;60 ml/min at the moment of the index event. These patients were predominantly female, 34.1% (333) vs.17.7% (444), p=0.0004,OR 1.921(95%CI 1.701-2.168);older (70.0±9.7vs.60.5±10.7;p &amp;lt;0.000). They had significantly higher values of cardiac troponin (p=0.007), stress glycemia (p=0.000019), glycated hemoglobin (p=0.000012), and WBC (p=0.00001), meaning the extent of myocardial injury was bigger, with a more activated neuro-hormonal and inflammatory response in the conditions of the notably widespread anatomical distribution of CAD. However, patients with significantly reduced eGFR were less likely to be offered coronary angiography and PCI treatment, OR 0.524 (95%CI 0.434–0.632),p &amp;lt;0.000. As expected, anemia predominated in these patients (RBC 4.88±0.75 vs 4.53±0.58, p=0.000001; OR 1.27 (95% CI 1.09-1.48), and Hgb 143.81±16.69 vs 132.03±21.34, p=0.00001). They had a significantly lower level of sodium (p=0.008) and a higher level of potassium (p=0.00003). Interestingly, patients with eGFR &amp;lt;60 ml/min had lower lipoprotein levels. In-hospital mortality rate was 4.2%, however, significantly higher in reduced eGFR group (12% vs 1.9%, OR 6.9 (95% CI 4.9–9.8), p &amp;lt;0.00004). These patients were more likely to develop acute kidney injury [25.7% vs. 1.3%, OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.3-1.9, p = 0.000021)], pulmonary oedema [8% vs. 1.8%, OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.02-1.23, p = 0.000021), and cardiogenic shock [19.5% vs. 2.6%, OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.2-1.4), p = 0.00023]. Independent variables associated with RF were: advanced age, female gender, extracardiac ASCVD, previous CVI, previous RAAS treatment, stress glycemia, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-C, Hgb, WBC, and potassium level. Conclusion Patients with reduced eGFR (&amp;lt;60 ml/min) have a very specific risk profile, as identified in our study, and reduced eGFR is a major contributor to the prognosis of ACS, highly responsible for in-hospital morbidity and mortality.Multivariate logistic regression analysis

Acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndrome - risk profile

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements None. Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a strong predictor of in-hospital adverse outcomes, which is a common complication of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Aim To analyse the risk profile of patients treated for acute coronary syndrome who develop acute kidney injury. Material and methods This is a single-centre cross-sectional cohort study on 3507 patients with ACS. The main exclusion criteria was left ventricular dysfunction. Demographical and clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters, the anatomical distribution of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the final outcomes were analysed according to RF at the moment of the indexed event. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group Equation (MDRD), where patients with eGFR&amp;lt;60ml/min 1.73 m2 had moderate to severe renal dysfunction. Results 74 (2.1%) out of 3507 patients developed acute kidney injury (AKI). Those were predominantly males [62.2% (46), OR 1.55 (95% CI 0.98-2.47), p=0.044], significantly older (68.95±9.9. vs 62.5±11.2; p &amp;lt;0.000001), more often with preexisting HBI (OR 4.72 (95% CI 2.20-10.30, p=0.000070), HTA(OR 1.89 95%CI 1.11-3.23, p=0.020), diabetes(OR 1.88 95%CI 1.18-3.00, p=0.008), cancer(OR 2.92 95%CI 1.15-7.44, p=0.024), anaemia (beta -.104, p=0.000032), while less often were smokers (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31-0.83, p=0.006). They had statistically significantly higher values of cardiac troponin (beta .075, p=0.000011), stress glycemia (beta .104, p=0. 0.000019), and WBC (beta .074, p=0.000013), higher BUN (beta .325, p=0.000011), creatinine (beta .268, p=0.000016), and lower eGFR at admission (beta -.211, p=0.000032), lower sodium (beta -.101, p=0.000012), and higher potassium levels (beta .087, p=0.0008). Vice versa, total cholesterol, LDL-C and non-HDL-C (beta -.051, p=0.002, -.049, p=0.003, and -.047, p=0.005 respectively), were lower, the same for Hgb (beta -.107, p=0.000021). It is worth mentioning that 18(11.5%), of AKI patients were not PCI treated. Independent variables associated with AKI were: preexisting renal failure, cancer, and WBC. Outcomes: AKI carried a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate (4.2% in general population, and 21.1% of all deaths were AKI patients, OR 23.01 (95% CI 14.04-47.03, p=0.00002)]. It was significantly associated with the development of pulmonary oedema (OR 17.94, 95% CI 9.67-33.26, p=0.000012), cardiogenic shock (OR 21.59, 95% CI 12.79-36.47, p=0.00006), any type of dysrhythmia (OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.53-2.18, p=0.0001), and any type of bleeding complications (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.14-2.27, p=0.007). Conclusion AKI is a relatively rare complication in ACS patients, however is associated with significant in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Patients with pre-existing renal failure, and cancer, as well as patients who developed more pronounced inflammatory reaction were more prone to AKI.

Association between serum potassium and Parkinson's disease in the US (NHANES 2005-2020).

Evaluating the correlation between serum potassium and Parkinson's disease (PD) in US adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 20,495 adults aged 40 years or older using NHANES data from 2005 to 2020. The study utilized one-way logistic regression and multifactorial logistic regression to examine the correlation between serum potassium levels and PD. Additionally, a smoothed curve fitting approach was employed to assess the concentration-response relationship between serum potassium and PD. Stratified analyses were carried out to investigate potential interactions between serum potassium levels and PD with variables such as age, sex, race, marital status, education, BMI, smoking and medical conditions like coronary, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. In this study, a total of 20,495 participants, comprising 403 PD and 20,092 non-PD individuals, were included. After adjusted for covariates, multivariable logistic regression revealed that high serum potassium level was an independent risk factor for PD (OR:1.86, 95% CI:1.45 ~ 2.39, p < 0.01).The linear association between serum potassium and PD was described using fitted smoothing curves. Age, sex, race, education, marital, BMI, coronary, stroke, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were not significantly correlated with this positive connection, according to subgroup analysis and interaction testing (P for interaction >0.05). Serum potassium levels are elevated in patients with Parkinson's disease compared to non-PD patients. Additional prospective studies are required to explore the significance of serum potassium levels in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Association of Preoperative Serum Potassium With Postoperative Seizures in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients who undergo craniotomy are at risk of developing seizures during the postoperative period. Preoperative serum potassium as an important potential risk factor has not been investigated yet. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adults undergoing elective craniotomy at West China Hospital, from January 2011 and March 2021. The main outcome of this study was postoperative seizures in patients undergoing elective craniotomy during hospitalization. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to investigate the association of preoperative serum potassium with postoperative seizures. RESULTS: A total of 15 041 patients were collected after filtering by excluded criteria. The incidence of postoperative seizures was 4.87%. We identified a linear relationship between preoperative serum potassium and postoperative seizures (P for nonlinearity =.87). Compared with patients with serum potassium 3.5 to 4.5 mmol/L, the odds of postoperative seizures increased in patients with serum potassium ≥4.5 mmol/L (the adjusted odds ratios 1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.93), and the odds of postoperative seizures decreased in patients with serum potassium ≤3.5 mmol/L (the adjusted odds ratios 0.73, 95% CI 0.53-1.01). CONCLUSION: We found that high preoperative serum potassium level was associated with the high risk of postoperative seizures in patients undergoing craniotomy. We demonstrated that preoperative serum potassium level was the independent risk factor of postoperative seizures.

Effect of Foxtail Millet Cultivars on Yield and Yield Attributes under Different Sowing Windows

The investigation conducted at the Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune, during the Kharif season of 2022 focused on the "Effect of foxtail millet cultivars on yield and yield attributes under different sowing windows." The study employed a split-plot design with sixteen treatments and three replications, involving four sowing dates (26 MW, 28 MW, 30 MW, and 32 MW) and four foxtail millet varieties (SiA 3156, SiA 3085, Suryanandi, and Renadu). The soil, a clay loam with slightly alkaline pH, low nitrogen, medium phosphorus, and high potassium levels, received RDF 60:30:30 N: P2O5: K2O kg ha-1 at sowing. The investigation monitored various growth parameters, including plant height, number of tillers, number of functional leaves, and dry matter accumulation, at different growth stages. The study revealed that early sowing at 26 MW significantly influenced plant height, number of tillers, and dry matter production, favoring greater vegetative growth. The Renadu variety consistently exhibited superior performance in plant height, tiller count, and dry matter accumulation compared to other varieties. Days to 50% flowering and maturity were significantly affected by both sowing dates and varieties, with early-sown crops taking more days to reach these stages. Grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index were influenced by sowing dates and varieties, with the combination of the Renadu variety and 26 MW sowing exhibiting the highest grain yield and straw yield. Renadu also displayed a superior harvest index, emphasizing its suitability for optimal growth and yield. The study recommends sowing foxtail millet on 26 MW or 28 MW, particularly with the Renadu variety, for achieving maximum growth and yield during the Kharif season. The findings highlight the significance of considering both sowing windows and foxtail millet varieties to optimize production in the given agro-climatic conditions of Pune, Maharashtra.

The Effect Of Drinking Sirsak Leaves (Annona Muricata Linn) On Reducing Blood Pressure In Menopause Women With Hipertension

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a disorder of the blood vessels that results in the supply of oxygen and nutrients carried by the blood being obstructed to the body's tissues. Hypertension is often referred to as the Silent Killer, because it is a dark killer disease without being accompanied by symptoms first. Soursop leaf (Annona Muricata Linn) is a traditional medicine used as a therapy for hypertension, the content of soursop leaves which is thought to reduce blood pressure is potassium ions. High potassium levels can increase sodium excretion, as a result it can reduce blood volume &amp; blood pressure. Menopause in women is associated with the depletion of ovarian follicles accompanied by physical and psychological changes. One of the comorbidities often experienced by menopausal women is hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soursop leaf decoction on lowering blood pressure in menopausal women with hypertension. This type of research is a quasi experiment (quasi experimen). This study uses a one group pretest-postest design, which is a treatment design using only the experimental group without a comparison or control group. Based on the results of the study seen from 15 respondents obtained with the Wilcoxon test results, it can be seen that the resulting p-value is 0.000. This means that p &lt; (a = 0.05), this shows that there are changes in blood pressure in wa.

KdpD is a tandem serine histidine kinase that controls K+ pump KdpFABC transcriptionally and post-translationally

Two-component systems, consisting of a histidine kinase and a response regulator, serve signal transduction in bacteria, often regulating transcription in response to environmental stimuli. Here, we identify a tandem serine histidine kinase function for KdpD, previously described as a histidine kinase of the KdpDE two-component system, which controls production of the potassium pump KdpFABC. We show that KdpD additionally mediates an inhibitory serine phosphorylation of KdpFABC at high potassium levels, using not its C-terminal histidine kinase domain but an N-terminal atypical serine kinase domain. Sequence analysis of KdpDs from different species highlights that some KdpDs are much shorter than others. We show that, while Escherichia coli KdpD’s atypical serine kinase domain responds directly to potassium levels, a shorter version from Deinococcus geothermalis is controlled by second messenger cyclic di-AMP. Our findings add to the growing functional diversity of sensor kinases while simultaneously expanding the framework for regulatory mechanisms in bacterial potassium homeostasis.

Local aldosterone release and CYP11B2 expression in response to angiotensin peptides, glucose, and potassium - an ex vivo study on murine colon.

We have previously described local aldosterone synthesis in mouse colon. In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), angiotensin II (Ang II) peptide is the physiological factor which stimulates aldosterone synthesis in the adrenal glands. We have recently demonstrated that Ang II stimulates aldosterone synthesis also in mouse colon. Here, we conducted a 75-min ex vivo incubation of murine colonic tissue and evaluated the effects of three other Ang peptides, Ang I (1 μM), Ang III (0.1 μM) and Ang (1-7) (0.1 μM) on aldosterone synthesis. As a possible mechanism, their effects on tissue levels of the rate-limiting enzyme, aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) were measured by ELISA and Western blot. Ang III significantly elevated the amount of tissue CYP11B2 protein in colon. The values of released aldosterone in colon tissue incubation were increased over the control in the presence of Ang I, II or III, however, being statistically non-significant. In Western blot analysis, the values of tissue CYP11B2 protein content were elevated by Ang I and II. Ang (1-7) alone in colon did not influence CYP11B2 protein levels in the incubation experiment but showed higher aldosterone release without statistical significance. Ang (1-7) showed an antagonistic effect towards Ang II in release of aldosterone in adrenal gland. An overall estimation of a single peptide (three measured variables), the results were always in an increasing direction. The responses of aldosterone synthesis to high levels of glucose (44 mM) and potassium (18.8 mM) as physiological stimulators in vivo were investigated in the colon incubation. Glucose, equal to four times the concentration of the control buffer in the incubation, showed higher values of aldosterone release in colon than control without statistical significance similarly to the effect seen in adrenal glands. Increasing the concentration of potassium in the incubation buffer exerted no effect on colonic aldosterone production. Intriguingly, no correlation was found between aldosterone release and the tissue CYP11B2 protein content in colon. In summary, the response of colonic aldosterone synthesis to different Ang peptides resembles, but is not identical to, the situation in the adrenal glands.

Organic fertilizer prepared by thermophilic aerobic fermentation technology enhanced soil humus and related soil enzyme activities

AbstractOrganic fertilizer (OF) prepared from chicken manure in a high‐temperature aerobic fermenter contains high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The effect of high‐nutrient OF substitution for chemical fertilizer (CF) on soil organic carbon stability is worth exploring. We used OF to replace CFs for supplying crops, and we set five OF replacement rates as 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in the black soil zone of Northeast China. We explored the variations in soil humus carbon contents, enzyme activities and nutrient contents (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm). Two‐way ANOVA results showed that interaction between soil depth and OF substitution significantly affected soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available potassium, water‐soluble carbon substance (WSSC) and activities of soil β‐galactosidase (β‐gal), N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) and cellobiohydrolase. The treatments of OF75 and OF100 increased soil pH, and the content of soil organic carbon, humic acid carbon (HAC), fulvic acid carbon (FAC), WSSC, total phosphorus, available phosphorus (AP), total potassium and available potassium was increased in OF75 and OF100 treatment. Treatments of OF75 and OF100 increased the tested soil enzyme activities except for oxidase activities of 0–10 cm soil layer. There was a positive correlation between HAC and AP contents, and a positive correlation between FAC and soil pH, total nitrogen and available potassium contents. The key influencing factors of soil FAC were the activities of NAG, α‐galactosidase and β‐gal. It can be concluded that OF substitution promoted soil humus carbon accumulation by affecting hydrolase activity related to carbon conversion.

Strategies of NHX antiporters to deal with salt stress

The adverse effects of salinity on plant growth are generally associated with the low osmotic potential of the soil solution and the high level of sodium toxicity (and chlorine toxicity for some species) which cause multiple perturbations on plant metabolism, growth, and development at the molecular, biochemical and physiological levels. The vacuolar NHX and plasma membrane SOS antiporters mediate cation and proton exchange across the tonoplast and plasma membrane, respectively. The SOS transporters allow the excretion of Na+ from the cytoplasm to the outside environment and alternatively, NHXs provide Na+ transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole. Cellular ion homeostasis is an essential phenomenon for all organisms. Most cells manage to maintain a high level of potassium and a low level of sodium in the cytoplasm through the coordination and regulation of different transporters and channels instead of the NHX-type vacuolar antiport. In this article, some important mechanisms in the regulation of ionic ions such as Na+. will be discussed.

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Pulp Flour as a Source of Dietary Fiber: Chemical, Physicochemical and Technological Properties

In this study, the characteristic properties of pumpkin pulp flour (PPF) obtained from the waste of the pumpkin seed production were determined. The pulp parts of the de-seeded and peeled pumpkins were used for this purpose. Proximate composition, total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), mineral content, amino acid content, β-carotene content, pH, color, glass transition temperature (Tg), water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), swelling capacity (SC), emulsion stability (ES) and emulsion activity (EA) values of PPF were determined. PPF had a low lipid content (0.72±0.06%) and a high ash content (8.34±0.19%). The pH, Tg, TDF, IDF, SDF, WHC, OHC and SC values are 5.61±0.01, 19.19±1.86°C, 26.13±0.17%, 19.82±0%, 6.31%±0.35, 12.91±0.40 g/g, 3.74±0.10 g/g, 12.48±0.57 mL/g, respectively. PPF were a rich source of glutamic acid, glycine, and aspartic acid, and contains high levels of potassium among major elements, and iron among minor elements.

Tunisian Silybum Species: Important Sources of Polyphenols, Organic Acids, Minerals, and Proteins across Various Plant Organs.

Silybum marianum and Silybum eburneum are wild edible Mediterranean plants used in the human diet. This study presents the initial findings on the phytochemical characterization of Tunisian S. marianum and S. eburneum organs. It examined their mineral, sugar, organic acid, polyphenolic, and seed storage protein contents, as well as their antioxidant potential. In S. marianum, stems had high sodium and potassium contents, while the immature and mature seeds were rich in calcium and magnesium. However, S. eburneum had high potassium levels in stems and high sodium and calcium levels in the flowers. S. marianum showed substantial fructose variation among its organs. Conversely, S. eburneum exhibited significant heterogeneity in glucose, sucrose, and maltose levels across its organs, with maltose exclusively detected in the immature seeds. A notable organ-dependent distribution of organic acids was observed among the two species. Higher levels of phenolic contents were detected in both mature and immature seeds in both species compared to the other plant parts. The seeds possessed higher antioxidant activities than other plant organs. In both S. marianum and S. eburneum seeds, albumins and globulins were the predominant protein fractions. This study brings evidence supporting the important potential of Silybum organs as sources of nutrients with antioxidant properties for producing functional food.

Serum potassium abnormalities, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor discontinuation, and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal conditions: A population-based analysis

BackgroundRenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASIs) play a crucial role in the treatment of several chronic cardiovascular conditions. Nonetheless, hyperkalemia, a frequent side effect, often leads to the discontinuation of RAASIs. The implications of hyperkalemia-driven changes in RAASI medications are poorly understood. MethodsPopulation-based, observational, retrospective cohort study. Two large healthcare databases were utilized to identify 77,089 individuals aged 55 years and older with chronic conditions who were prescribed RAASIs between 2015 and 2017 in Southern Barcelona, Spain. We assessed the interplay between serum potassium abnormalities, RAASI management, and their associations with clinical outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders including socioeconomic factors, medical conditions, and potassium levels. ResultsThe one-year prevalence of hyperkalemia (defined as serum potassium, K+ >5.0 mmol/L) was 17.8 %. RAASI were down-titrated in 16.1 % of these 13,673 patients with K+ levels. Factors linked to a higher likelihood of reducing/discontinuing RAASI after developing hyperkalemia included older age, impaired kidney function, higher potassium levels, and previous hospitalizations. Dose reduction/discontinuation of RAASI after developing hyperkalemia was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.16, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.21) and with increased mortality (HR 1.60, 95 % CI 1.56–1.84). ConclusionIn this large, observational study, hyperkalemia was linked to a greater likelihood of discontinuing RAASIs. Down-titration of RAASI was independently associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes such as hospitalization and specially mortality. Although the observational nature of the study, these findings underscore the importance of preventing circumstances that may lead to RAASI down-titration, such as hyperkalemia, as well as preventing hospitalizations and mortality, to ensure RAASI benefits.

Phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential of four cultivars of Corchorus olitorius l: traditional African vegetables underused in Côte d'Ivoire

Corchorus olitorius L, a traditional leafy vegetable of the Malvaceae family, is well appreciated in the central region of Côte d'Ivoire, where there are 5 cultivars whose phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential remain poorly understood. To better characterise them, phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS were carried out. The analyses revealed that the leaves of these cultivars are good sources of nutrients, with high levels of protein (19 - 25%), ash (8 - 12%), fibre (3 - 9%), total carbohydrates (40 - 48%), energy (252 - 288 Kcal/100g), iron (29 - 192 mg/100g), calcium (2167 - 2574 mg/100g) and potassium (6799 - 10692 mg/100g). The leaves are also rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols (11 - 81 mg GA eq/g extract), flavonoids (268 - 474 mg Q eq/g extract) and condensed tannins (8 - 75 mg TA eq/g extract). High antioxidant activity was observed (IC50 DPPH = 61 - 173 µg/mL and IC50 ABTS = 12 - 29 µg/mL). The best phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential were obtained in the CONB cultivar, which is also the most widely consumed by the population.