High Level Of Need Research Articles

Math Anxiety, Need for Cognition, and Learning Strategies in Quantitative Communication Research Methods Courses

To understand student learning in undergraduate quantitative communication research methods course, this study examined relationships between perceptions of course topic difficulty, course topic understanding, and their relationship with students’ level of math anxiety, need for cognition, and learning strategies. A total of 196 participants voluntarily took part in this study. Results revealed that a higher level of math anxiety leads to a higher level of perceived learning difficulty for topics in the course and leads to a lower level of content understanding of the topics. For topics related to “Research Methods and Measurement,” a higher level of need for cognition results in a lower level of perceived learning difficulty and results in a higher level of content understanding. Use of critical thinking learning strategy has a significantly positive effect on perceived content understanding of topics related to “Research Methods and Measurement,” as does elaboration learning strategy on that of “Statistics.”

Southwest climate gap: poverty and environmental justice in the US Southwest

ABSTRACTThis article examines the “climate gap” in the Southwest US (Arizona and New Mexico), referring to the “disproportionate and unequal implications of climate change and climate change mitigation” for “people of color and the poor” [Shonkoff, S.B., et al., 2011. The climate gap: environmental health and equity implications of climate change mitigation policies in California. Climatic Change, 109 (Suppl. 1), S485–S503]. The climate and poverty relationship is examined using multi-scaled analysis across three indicators of climate vulnerability, focusing on connections to health, food, and energy during the period 2010–2012. We provide an overview of climate-related social vulnerability in the Southwest based on available federal, state, and county-level census data. We then summarise the results from a stakeholder workshop and in-depth interviews about climate vulnerabilities with social service providers in southern Arizona. We identify a significant Southwest climate gap based on census data and interview findings about climate vulnerability especially relating to high levels of poverty, health disparities, and increasing costs for energy, water, and food. We find that grassroots and community organisations have mobilised to respond to climate and social vulnerability, yet resources for mitigation and adaptation are insufficient given the high level of need. Confronting a changing climate that is projected to be hotter, drier, and with the potential to reach new thresholds, we suggest that more research needs to be done to understand the social and spatial characteristics of climate risk and how low-income populations embody and experience climate risk, and adapt to a changing climate.

Increase in Disability Prevalence Before Hip Fracture.

To establish the prevalence and correlates of disability during the 2 years before hip fracture. Data from participants who experienced hip fracture in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with hip fracture identified using linked Medicare claims. Each participant was interviewed at varying time points in the 2 years before hip fracture. Disability was defined as self-report of the need for assistance in any activity of daily living (walking across the room, eating, bathing, dressing, using the toilet, transferring). Based on the timing between interview and hip fracture, prevalence of disability was calculated in the cohort as a whole over the 2 years before hip fracture and in subgroups defined according to demographic and clinical characteristics. The HRS is a nationally representative longitudinal study (1992-2010). HRS participants aged ≥65 with hip fracture (mean age at fracture 84, 77% female). The adjusted prevalence of disability was 20% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 14-25%) 2 years before hip fracture, with little change until approximately 10 months before fracture, when it started to rise, reaching 44% (95% CI = 33-55%) in the month before hip fracture. The prevalence of disability was highest in the last month before fracture for persons aged 85 and older (53%) and for those with dementia (60%). Care models for hip fracture need to consider not only the acute medical and surgical needs, but also the high level of need for supportive care and caregiver assistance that chronically disabled individuals require.

Picture of the health status of Aboriginal children living in an urban setting of Sydney

Objectives The aims of the present study were to: (1) describe the health status and health indicators for urban Aboriginal children (age 0-16 years) in south-east Sydney; and (2) evaluate the quality of routinely collected clinical data and its usefulness in monitoring local progress of health outcomes. Methods Aboriginal maternal and child health routine data, from multiple databases, for individuals accessing maternal and child health services between January 2007 and December 2012 were examined and compared with state and national health indicators. Results Reductions in maternal smoking, premature delivery and low birthweight delivery rates were achieved in some years, but no consistent trends emerged. Paediatric services had increased referrals each year. The most frequent diagnoses were nutritional problems, language delay or disorder and developmental delay or learning difficulties. Twenty per cent of children had a chronic medical condition requiring long-term follow-up. Aboriginal children were more likely to be discharged from hospital against medical advice than non-Aboriginal children. Routinely collected data did not include some information essential to monitor determinants of health and health outcomes. Conclusions Aboriginal children living in this urban setting had high levels of need. Routinely recorded data were suboptimal for monitoring local health status and needed to reflect national and state health indicators. Routinely collected data can identify service gaps and guide service development. What is known about this topic? Despite improvements in some areas, there continue to be significant gaps in maternal and child health outcomes between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. These are poorly documented at a local service level. What does this paper add? Intensive, local services offered to Aboriginal women and children can result in rapid service engagement. Health service data routinely collected by local services can be used to demonstrate reductions in antenatal risk factors in pregnant Aboriginal women, even within the short time frame of 6 years. However, improvements in child health outcomes may require longer time frames. In this urban setting, the most frequent diagnoses in Aboriginal children attending the service were nutritional problems, language delay or disorder and developmental delay or learning difficulties. What are the implications for practitioners? Key information regarding determinants of health should be routinely monitored at a local level to understand local rates and health needs in addition to evaluating and quantifying the effectiveness of service delivery or health promotion activities.

Hooked on Facebook: The Role of Social Anxiety and Need for Social Assurance in Problematic Use of Facebook.

There is a growing concern that excessive and uncontrolled use of Facebook not only interferes with performance at school or work but also poses threats to physical and psychological well-being. The present research investigated how two individual difference variables--social anxiety and need for social assurance--affect problematic use of Facebook. Drawing on the basic premises of the social skill model of problematic Internet use, we hypothesized that social anxiety and need for social assurance would be positively correlated with problematic use of Facebook. Furthermore, it was predicted that need for social assurance would moderate the relationship between social anxiety and problematic use. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with a college student sample in the United States (N=243) to test the proposed hypotheses. Results showed that both social anxiety and need for social assurance had a significant positive association with problematic use of Facebook. More importantly, the data demonstrated that need for social assurance served as a significant moderator of the relationship between social anxiety and problematic Facebook use. The positive association between social anxiety and problematic Facebook use was significant only for Facebook users with medium to high levels of need for social assurance but not for those with a low level of need for social assurance. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.

Accessing disability services by people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia

Purpose: To examine whether differences in access to specialist disability services by people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds when compared with those born in Australia represent a service gap or the healthy migrant effect. Method: To use the latest disability statistics to measure the different rates of people with disability, and the rates of people with profound and severe disability, of people born in Australia and those born abroad; to compare the difference between those who mainly speak English with those who primarily speak a language other than English at home (LOTE); and examine the age-specific and standardised disability rates of these subgroups. Results: The rate of access of specialist disability services by people with disability who were from CALD backgrounds is highly disproportionate to their presence in the community. As a whole, people from CALD backgrounds have a similar level of disability as Australia-born people. They have a greater rate of profound and severe disability and a higher level of need for assistance in undertaking core activities. For younger age cohorts targeted by specialist disability services, there is little difference in the level of need for assistance between people from CALD backgrounds and the rest of community. Those people who mainly speak LOTE at home have a relatively higher level of need for assistance than those who speak mainly English at home. Conclusions: The paper reveals a substantial gap in specialist disability services between people from CALD and the broader community. This cannot be explained by the difference in the level of need for assistance between Australia-born and overseas-born populations, therefore raises some policy questions as to the barriers to the use of such services and how to effectively narrow the service access gap and improve utilisation rates.Implications for RehabilitationThe paper reveals a substantial accessibility gap in specialist disability services between people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds and the broader community in Australia.Rehabilitation is a large component of disability services. Therefore, understanding the gap, promoting the awareness of the services, developing appropriate and effective services to respond the need of people with disability from CALD backgrounds, are critically important to rehabilitation services and related research.

Current Situation and Need in Learning Management for Developing the Analytical Thinking of Teachers in Basic Education of Thailand

This research was a Survey Research. The objective of this study was to study current situation and need in learning management for developing the analytical thinking of teachers in Basic Education of Thailand. The target group consisted of 400 teachers teaching in Basic Education Level. They were selected by Multi-Stage Random Sampling. The instrument using in this study was the questionnaire asking current situation and need in learning management for developing the analytical thinking, 5 level rating scales. Data were analyzed by calculating the frequency, mean, standard deviation, percentage and content analysis. The research findings found that: 1) for current situation, the teachers provided learning management for developing analytical thinking, in overall, in “High” level. The issue with lowest level of practice: the teachers had competency in designing and establishing the learning management plan for developing the students’ analytical thinking. Considering each aspect, found that: 1.1) the teacher aspect, the issue with lowest level of practice was: the teachers had competency in designing and establishing the learning management plan for developing the students’ analytical thinking, and 1.2) the learning management aspect for developing the students’ analytical thinking, the issue with lowest level of practice was: the learning activities provided opportunity for students to evaluated their analytical thinking process in each learning session. 2) The teachers showed their need in learning management for developing the analytical thinking, in overall, in “the Highest” level. The issue with highest level of the need was: to obtain knowledge and competency in model, technique, and method for learning management or steps of learning management for developing the students’ analytical thinking. Considering each aspect, found that: 2.1) teacher aspect, the issue with highest level of the need was: to obtain knowledge and comprehension in model, technique, and method for learning management or steps of learning management for developing the students’ analytical thinking, and 2.2) learning management aspect for developing the analytical thinking, the issue with highest level of need consisted of the determination of learning activities as problem situation, and the opportunity for students to comprehend the problem situation as well as practice their analytical thinking in order to find the answer.

Financial aid tipping points: an analysis of aid and academic achievement at a California community college

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between financial aid awards and measures of student academic achievement. Financial aid and academic records for 11,956 students attending an urban California community college were examined and analyzed using simultaneous linear regression and two-way factorial ANOVAs. Findings revealed a small inverse relationship between the amount of aid received; thus, students with higher levels of need had slightly lower levels of academic achievement. Further analysis suggests that financial aid awards were able to minimize the negative effects of low income for approximately 70% of financial aid recipients. However, significant differences in grades and the percentage of units completed emerged for the 30% students with the highest demonstrated levels of financial need, suggesting that these students have large levels of unmet need. Implications for institutional and state-level policy as well as for institutional practice are discussed.

A survey of patients’ experience of pain and other symptoms while receiving care from palliative care services

ContextIn Australia, patients at the end of life with complex symptoms and needs are often referred to palliative care services (PCSs), but little is known about the symptoms of patients...

Toward resolution of a longstanding controversy in personality disorder diagnosis: Contrasting correlates of schizoid and avoidant traits

Although the construct validity and clinical utility of separate schizoid and avoidant personality disorder (PD) categories has been controversial since avoidant PD was first introduced in DSM-III, few studies have compared individuals with schizoid versus avoidant features on variables relevant to their contrasting personality dynamics. Those few investigations that exist have yielded inconclusive results. In this study a mixed-sex sample of nonclinical participants (N=123) completed the International Personality Disorder Examination Screening Questionnaire (IPDE-SQ) and self-report measures of attachment style, defense style, empathy, internalized shame, need to belong, rejection sensitivity, and social anhedonia. High levels of social anhedonia were uniquely predictive of schizoid features; high levels of need to belong and internalized shame were uniquely predictive of avoidance. These findings support retaining the two PD categories in future versions of the DSM. Supplementary analyses revealed that among women—but not men—schizoid and avoidant traits were positively and significantly intercorrelated; it may be that women show more of a blended schizoid–avoidant profile, whereas men display the more prototypical categorical profile where either schizoid or avoidant features predominate.

I Know it, so I do not Need to Touch it: Role of Brand Familiarity in Tactile Product Evaluation

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of brand familiarity in tactile product evaluation. The results of the two experimental studies showed that individual differences in need for tactile input affect purchase intentions depending upon the structure of the choice environment and familiarity levels of a brand. The well-developed knowledge structures for familiar brands allow consumers to access the diagnostic tactile cues from their memory in product assessment in an online environment. Conversely, for less familiar brands, the inaccessibility of predictive tactile cues in an online shopping environment reduces the purchase intentions. This study makes three important contributions. First, it showed that tactile inputs have a positive effect on purchase intentions in the touch environment, particularly for individuals with high levels of need for tactile input. Second, it posited that the lack of tactility can be overcome by offering familiar brands in the no-touch environment. Finally, it showed that for low need tactile input individuals, lack of tactility does not impede them from making online purchases. The paper discussed the implications of research findings and offered future research avenues along with limitations.

PELAYANAN BERKUALITAS DALAM BISNIS JASA TRANSPORTASI

In every part of life, the service activities happen naturally. Basically, giving service is the basic human needs to interact with others. The highest level of need for people now is getting service. This could happen because not many people want to serve others. Therefore, it is needed to build a mental of giving service. If the mental of service has been applied, then there will be no complaint from the customers in transportation industry. The study is to find out the quality of services in transportation industry. The study used the qualitative descriptive in library research. The service doers agree that different customers perform different characters who need to be treated differently.

Rehabilitation needs of the survivors of the 2013 Ya'an earthquake in China.

To determine the physical, functional and psychosocial rehabilitation needs of the injured survivors of the 2013 earthquake in Ya'an, China. Cross-sectional survey. A total of 143 injured survivors (80 males, 63 females, mean age 41.4 years (standard deviation (SD) 20.2)) were recruited for the study. A questionnaire was designed to collect their demographic and environmental information. Manual muscle testing and active range of motion (AROM) were used to assess physical function. The Modified Barthel Index was used to assess activities of daily living (ADL) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - Self Rating Scale was used to assess psychological status. The rehabilitation needs of the injured survivors were identified based on the assessment results. Physical problems of the back and lower limbs were more severe than those of the upper limbs, as measured by MMT and AROM. Various degrees of dependence in ADL were measured in 74.2% of subjects, and psychological distress was present in more than 50% of subjects. Rehabilitation training prescribed by local therapists included functional training (74.8%), exercises (49.0%), provision of splints (44.8%), etc. Psychological interventions were re-commended to most of the patients. There were high levels of need for assistive devices, and home and community modifications. There is a high level of need for early rehabilitation in hospital, followed by continued home and community rehabilitation services, particularly for injured survivors who are returning to villages with very limited resources.

YÖNETİCİ ADAYI HEKİMLERİ HANGİ GÜDÜ MOTİVE EDER? BAŞARMA VE GÜÇ İHTİYAÇLARI İLE MESLEKİ PERFORMANS İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

The purpose of this study, which set out the question of why physicians should or should not become managers, is to examine the relationships between motivational needs (achievement and power) and professional performance of the physicians. The research model developed in the framework of McClelland’s theory of needs was tested on a sample of 93 specialist physicians who have been working in Trabzon and Gumushane cities. Results indicated that the physicians had a high level of professional performance, a high level of need for achievement and a lower level of need for power. According to analysis results, while need for achievement had a positive effect on the professional performance, relationships obtained for need for power were insignificant or negative. As for the fear (failure and power), it had a negative effect on the professional performance. Meanwhile, the need for power was not included in the model that best explained the professional performance. Findings for control variables in this model also demonstrated that age and the province (Gumushane) had negative and working duration in the same hospital had positive effects on the professional performance.

Impact of National Emergency Access Targets (NEAT) on Psychiatric Risk Assessment in Hospital Emergency Departments: Commentary on Research Study

Hospital Emergency Departments (EDs) continue to experience increased presentation rates (Maumill, et al. 2013). To address this high level of need, National Emergency Access targets (NEAT) have been introduced across the world to increase throughput of patients and prevent ‘access block’ (waiting more than eight hours for treatment) (Chang, et al. 2010). As the demand for ED treatment has increased, so too has there been an increase in mental health-related presentations, and at a faster rate than other patients (Slade, et al. 2010). These presentation are more complex, require more resources and are time consuming in nature (Zun, 2012), but are still required to be seen within NEAT timeframes. This has the potential to impact clinical practice by ED mental health workers as they have less time with more patients to assess and treat.

Breaking new ground.

The most significant change during Jenny Leggott's long nursing career relates to the increasing complexity of patients' conditions, she believes. Patients with multiple comorbidities are surviving longer, which means there are now older people in hospital with high levels of need.

Metropolitan Governance: How Regional Organizations Influence Interlocal Land Use Coordination

ABSTRACT:By focusing on Regional Planning Councils and metropolitan municipalities in Florida, this study addresses a gap in the literature concerning the role of regional organizations in metropolitan governance research. This study investigates two competing visions of the influence of regional organizations on interlocal coordination in land use decision making. The results show that regional organizations’ substitutive effects on self-organizing interlocal cooperation are salient, while their complementary influence is not observed in regard to land use. Moreover, this research posits that municipalities with a higher level of need for coordination due to population stress and a council–manager form of government are more likely to coordinate land use decisions with other local governments.

Supportive Practice with Carers of People with Substance Misuse Problems

While there is increased recognition of the role of family carers in supporting adults with social care needs, some groups of carers are overlooked or hidden from professional view. Carers of people with substance misuse problems may be among this group since they are at risk of feeling guilty and stigmatised; targeting and eligibility criteria may concentrate professionals’ activities on people with high levels of need for practical support and there may be complex family dynamics where the role of carer does not fit traditional models. This article draws on a study of carers’ workers (professionals whose role entailed a specific remit to work with carers, such as carers support workers) and family carers undertaken in four areas of England. A total of 86 interviews were conducted (late 2011–2012), of which, just over a quarter (26%) involved some discussion of substance misuse. The findings were analysed thematically. The findings from the study were later reported to a focus group of practitioners and carers with experience of drug-and-alcohol support for validation in 2014. Key themes in relation to social work practice with carers of people with alcohol and other drug problems were those of insecure funding of voluntary sector carer services; balancing generic support for family carers and specific support for certain groups of carers; and feelings among carers that the drug-and-alcohol problems experienced by the person they were supporting contributed to them feeling excluded from general carers’ support. The article concludes that drug and alcohol social workers should be alert to the implications of the Care Act 2014 and its provision for carers, and that carers’ workers should be confident in being able to refer carers to appropriate support in either general or specific settings or raise this as an unmet need if such provision is not adequate locally. Social work trainers and educators should ensure they are working within evidence-based interventions to enhance professional capacity and capability.

Individual and Contextual Determinants of Social Homecare Usage in Slovenia.

TheorySocial homecare is important for older people, as it enables them to remain in their own homes during worsening health, thus relieving the burden on institutional facilities such as homes for the elderly or nursing homes and hospitals.MethodA representative survey of social homecare users was employed to assess determinants of the scope of social homecare in Slovenia. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate determinants defined by Andersen’s behavioral model that affect the scope of social homecare.ResultsAs expected, need (Functional impairment B = .378, P = 0.000) was the most important explanatory component, followed by availability of informal care network (Lives alone B = −.136, P = 0.000; Has children B = − .142; P = 0.000) and other contextual factors such as total costs of the services (B = −.075; P = 0.003) and temporal availability of services (B=−.075, P=0.012). The model explained 18% of variability in the scope of social homecare.ConclusionThis study showed that data on the individual level, as opposed to data on an aggregated level, show different determinants of social homecare utilization. Moreover, the results showed that social homecare is especially important in two circumstances: when older people have a high level of need and when they do not have access to informal care networks. Contextual factors had a moderate effect on the scope of social homecare, which shows universal access to the latter at the individual level.

Users as innovators in developing countries: The global sources of innovation and diffusion in mobile banking services

This paper examines the extent to which users in developing countries innovate, the factors that enable these innovations and whether they are meaningful on a global stage. To study this issue, we conducted an empirical investigation into the origin and types of innovations in financial services offered via mobile phones, a global, multi-billion-dollar industry in which developing economies play an important role. We used the complete list of mobile financial services, as reported by the GSM Association, and collected detailed histories of the development of the services and their innovation process. Our analysis, the first of its kind, shows that 85% of the innovations in this field originated in developing countries. We also conclude that, at least 50% of all mobile financial services were pioneered by users, approximately 45% by producers, and the remaining were jointly developed by users and producers. The main factors contributing to these innovations to occur in developing countries are the high levels of need, the existence of flexible platforms, in combination with increased access to information and communication technology. Additionally, services developed by users diffused at more than double the rate of producer-innovations. Finally, we observe that three-quarters of the innovations that originated in non-OECD countries have already diffused to OECD countries, and that the (user) innovations are therefore globally meaningful. This study suggests that the traditional North-to-South diffusion framework fails to explain these new sources of innovation and may require re-examination.