High Level Of Interest Research Articles

Parental Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Helicobacter Pylori Screening in Adolescents: A School-Based Questionnaire Study Among Guardians of Junior High School Students in Yokosuka City, Japan

PurposeHelicobacter pylori (HP) infection, a risk factor for gastric cancer, is prevalent in Japan. Consequently, some municipalities across Japan are implementing HP screening and treatment programs for adolescents. However, little is known about parents’ attitudes and awareness regarding HP screening for their children. This study aimed to elucidate parental perspectives on HP screening for their children and identify the factors influencing these attitudes.MethodsThis study focused on the parents of first-year junior high school students in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture, where an HP screening and treatment program had been implemented for adolescents. The survey questionnaire was distributed among parents in all 23 public junior high schools in Yokosuka City.ResultsAmong the 618 respondents, 86.4% supported HP screening for their children. Regression analysis identified sufficient knowledge about HP (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.10–16.03) and being in their 40s (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.35–3.77) as significant factors influencing supportive attitudes. For parents favoring the screening, common reasons included perceiving it as a promising opportunity (53.2%) and considering the test necessary (44.0%). In contrast, those who opposed screening frequently cited it as unnecessary (66.7%) or believed that their children did not have HP.ConclusionsA significant proportion of parents in Yokosuka City, Japan, demonstrated a good understanding of HP and expressed a high level of interest in HP screening for their children. Further investigation of parents’ attitudes is essential for the effective implementation of adolescent HP screening programs.

NURSING RESEARCH IN VICTORIA: A SNAPSHOT OF CURRENT POLICY

The primary aim of this study was to determine the current profile of nursing research in the acute and psychiatric domains of hospitals/health services in Victoria. A self-administered questionnaire was developed by the authors to obtain information on the individual, environmental and organisational characteristics influencing nursing research activity within these settings. The questionnaire was distributed to 422 health services in Victoria. Eighty-eight responses were received representing a return rate of 20.9%. The respondents indicated a high level of interest in research and research utilisation, with a preparedness to provide organisational support. However, relatively few reported the articulation of nursing research into the organisations’ mission statement or employing nurses in dedicated research positions. The results suggest that organisations continue to be hampered by a number of barriers to increasing research activity and utilisation by nurses.

Rancangan e-LKPD Berbasis Collaborative Creativity Learning (CCL) Pokok Bahasan Perpindahan Kalor Pada Mesin Pembuatan Gula Pasir

Physics as a subject matter involves understanding concepts and mathematical applications that are often a challenge for students, for example the concept of heat transfer. To provide a memorable and interesting learning experience, the context of the e-LKPD design can be taken from everyday life, such as the process of making granulated sugar in a sugar factory. The process involves the concept of heat transfer, for example the stages of evaporation and crystallisation of neera. The purpose of this study was to analyse the validity of the design and learners' responses to the e-LKPD design. This type of research is development research with the ADDIE model and is limited to the development stage. Data collection involved literature study, observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The validation results obtained an average percentage value of 87.33%, with a very feasible category and learner responses showed a high level of interest, with a percentage value of 83%. Thus, e-LKPD based on collaborative creativity learning (CCL) on the subject of heat transfer in sugar making machines can be considered feasible and can be implemented effectively to students in learning activities.

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) and student interest development: a longitudinal study investigating the roles of challenge, frustration, and meaning making

ABSTRACT Course-based research experiences (CUREs) are shown to be more engaging for college students, lead to better academic performance, and increase students’ intent to persist in science. This especially holds true when compared to lecture-based science courses with standard lab assignments. Less attention has been given, however, to the nuanced week-by-week experiences of students participating in CURE courses over a semester. This study addresses why it is crucial to understand how student interest is sustained throughout the CURE course, despite potential challenges and frustrations. Conducted over a 15-week period, this longitudinal study examines enrolled students (N = 170) who had one of 13 instructors from six institutions. The results indicate that students’ high frustration with participation in CUREs moderates the relationship between perceived challenge and interest. In addition, higher levels of the variable ‘meaning making’ among students have significant associations with week-by-week interest maintenance throughout the semester. Findings suggest that to sustain high levels of student interest over a semester, CURE instructors should focus more on reducing student frustration within CURE course operations. To further support student interest, these findings also suggest that instructors need to foster and emphasize the connections of CURE course content to students’ own lives and personal goals to sustain their interest.

Implementasi Manajemen Strategik di Madrasah

This research aims to determine the implementation of strategic management in each educational unit, especially in madrasas. This research uses a qualitative approach, using interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The data collected through various techniques is examined, and data reduction, data presentation, and data verification are carried out. The findings of the Strategic Environmental Analysis focus show that the strength of madrasas is that they have teacher resources with qualified teacher educational backgrounds; weaknesses, namely funding, are that the field could be narrower compared to the number of students. Opportunities include the existence of programs from the government for educational development, both for the development of teachers and school facilities and infrastructure, a religious community, as well as the high level of public interest in MAN and the geographical location of madrasas which facilitates community accessibility to education; and Challenges; it is shown that the challenges faced are competition with other schools in the same environment or nearby locations as well as increasingly complex societal demands and madrasah efforts to avoid moral degradation, especially the influence of information technology. In conclusion, Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tabalong implements strategic management through internal and external environmental analysis. Keywords: Implementation, Management, Madrasah, Strategy

Preliminary Study of Scent Rolling in Captive Wolves (Canis lupus L. 1758) in Response to Olfactory Enrichment.

Scent rolling, a behaviour observed in various large carnivores like wolves, entails the animal lowering its chin and neck towards a scent, followed by rubbing the head, neck, shoulders, and back into it. This behaviour is prevalent among wolves exposed to diverse scents, though its exact purpose remains uncertain. In this study, captive wolves at Osijek Zoo responded differently to odours during olfactory enrichment sessions. In the initial year of this study, the highest level of interest, evidenced by both the frequency of responses and scent-rolling behaviour, was noted when the wolves encountered odours such as curry and rosemary, along with deer/mouflon and rat faeces. While certain odours, such as llama faeces and deer/mouflon faeces, garnered longer durations of interest in the second year of study, others, like guinea pig faeces and oregano, elicited shorter responses. Female wolves demonstrated a higher level of engagement with scents compared with males, particularly through scent rolling behaviour, which was exclusively observed in females during the second year of this study. Interestingly, certain odours did not trigger scent rolling, suggesting selective preferences. On the other hand, sheep's wool induced the longest duration of scent rolling, and a lack of significant differences in behaviour was observed between morning and afternoon sessions. Despite the existence of multiple hypotheses put forward to explain the causation of scent rolling in wolves, it seems to be elicited by unfamiliar odours.

Training on Innovative Learning Environments: Identifying Teachers’ Interests

This article explores the training interests of non-university in-service teachers on the topic of innovative learning environments (ILEs). For this purpose, a specific questionnaire was designed and validated to collect teachers’ opinions on their current training interests. The questionnaire comprised a total of 32 items related to ILEs, grouped into four dimensions that included aspects of methodologies, digital technology, educational spaces, and specific didactic activities developed in these learning environments. The analysis of the 254 valid responses showed that the greatest interest is shown in the dimension that addresses didactic aspects of teaching in these environments, followed by aspects of the design of innovative educational spaces. Variations were also analysed according to demographic aspects such as gender, age, teaching seniority, and the educational stage at which the class is taught. The data obtained allow us to affirm that teachers have a high level of interest in the topic analysed. Furthermore, the grouping of different topics revealed by the correlational statistical study provides valuable information that allows teacher training consultants to create designs in coherence with the demands and interests expressed.

Artesunate Exerts Organ- and Tissue-Protective Effects by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Fibrosis: A Review of Evidence and Mechanisms.

The human body comprises numerous organs and tissues operating in synchrony, it facilitates metabolism, circulation, and overall organismal function. Consequently, the well-being of our organs and tissues significantly influences our overall health. In recent years, research on the protective effects of artesunate (AS) on various organ functions, including the heart, liver, brain, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, bones, and others has witnessed significant advancements. Findings from in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that AS may emerge as a newfound guardian against organ damage. Its protective mechanisms primarily entail the inhibition of inflammatory factors and affect anti-fibrotic, anti-aging, immune-enhancing, modulation of stem cells, apoptosis, metabolic homeostasis, and autophagy properties. Moreover, AS is attracting a high level of interest because of its obvious antioxidant activities, including the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways, inhibiting the release of reactive oxygen species, and interfering with the expression of genes and proteins associated with oxidative stress. This review comprehensively outlines the recent strides made by AS in alleviating organismal injuries stemming from various causes and protecting organs, aiming to serve as a reference for further in-depth research and utilization of AS.

Interior Temperature Dynamics and Its Implications for Heatstroke Risk: Designing an IoT-Based Vehicular Heatstroke Sensor Device

Vehicular heatstroke incidents involving children represent a critical issue with potentially severe consequences. To address this problem, this research presents an IoT-based Child Safety System (CSS) designed to prevent and mitigate heatstroke incidents in vehicles. This article focuses on the development and evaluation of the system, taking a user-centric approach to ensure its effectiveness and user acceptance. The study begins with a comprehensive survey conducted to gather user requirements and preferences regarding CSSs. The survey data provides valuable insights into the design and functionality expectations of potential system users, enabling the development of a solution that aligns with their needs. Subsequently, an experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed IoT-based CSS. The experiment involves the installation of temperature sensors in a fleet of vehicles, with data collected to monitor and analyze the temperature variations inside the vehicles during different conditions. Consequently, the acquired temperature data assesses the system’s ability to detect potentially dangerous situations and provide timely alerts to caregivers. Preliminary results indicate a positive response from the survey participants, with a high level of interest in and willingness to adopt the IoT-based CSS. Moreover, the temperature data collected during the experiment demonstrates the system’s capability to effectively monitor the in-vehicle temperature and promptly notify caregivers when potentially hazardous conditions arise. This article presents a preliminary investigation, laying the foundation for further research and development in the field of CSSs. Future studies could focus on refining the system’s design, incorporating additional features to enhance its functionality, and conducting larger-scale trials to evaluate its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts to combat vehicular heatstroke incidents involving children. By emphasizing a user-centric approach and leveraging IoT technology, the proposed CSS shows promising potential in preventing tragic incidents and safeguarding the well-being of children in vehicles.

Hematology/oncology clinical investigator training: Is current model of education adequate?

9005 Background: Clinical investigator training (CIT) is commonly performed in an apprenticeship manner rather than following a prospective education model. This may lead to disparities in educational prospects. There is greater accesiblity for training opportunites prevailing in larger academic institutions – an advantage not always within reach for majority of oncology patients and professionals. Lack of predefined standard competencies during fellowship training may lead to significant heterogeneity, weaken the current pipeline, and decrease the number of principal investigators (PIs) for clinical trials. We performed a national needs assessment to understand oncology trainee and faculty perceptions of CIT. Methods: Program directors and leaders at 102 U.S. hematology/oncology (hem/onc) fellowship programs were contacted via email to invite their respective trainees and faculty to answer a 32-question cross-sectional survey. The study was IRB excempt. The survey was developed with the University of Chicago Survey Lab. Four thematic areas were interrogated: current level of experience in CI, knowledge of PI roles and responsibilities (R/R), areas of perceived weakness/lack of confidence related to CI, and interest in a course that teaches CI. Response frequencies and descriptive statistics were analyzed, with the goal of informing future targeted educational initiatives. Results: 207 respondents from 47/102 (46%) institutions completed the survey between 5/2023 – 11/2023. Respondents included 92 (40%) trainees and 137 (60%) attendings, 47% were men, 47% women and 57% had more than 9 years of experience as an attending post-speciality training. Among attendings, only 4.4% reported never participating in CIT, compared to 55.4% of trainees. Informal or “on the job” teaching was the most common method of learning PI R/R with response rate of 58% in attendings and 62% in trainees. Trainees reported lack of confidence and need for education in all aspects of CIT, and 85% indicated high level of interest in enrolling in a CIT course. Most attendings reported lack of confidence in areas of budget development (57%), quality of life (70%) and translational correlatives (51%). Others reported feeling weaknesses in designing primary and secondary end points (32%), letter of intent writing (33%) and creating protocols (31%). 53% of the attendings were interested in enrolling in a CIT course. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first reported survey formally assessing current perceptions of preparedness in CIT within hem/onc in the U.S. Our findings strongly indicate that CIT educational gaps exist, even for attendings with prior CIT experience, and that training deficits are marked for trainees. A structured, practical, and widely-accessible CIT program is urgently needed to prepare the future hem/onc workforce. Acknowledgement: MERITS program and Section of Hem/Onc at University of Chicago.

Using an evaluative lens to characterize the implementation outcomes of an NDBI within an early intervention system

A growing number of research studies are attempting to increase access to naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions (NDBIs) for autistic toddlers and their families by translating these approaches into Part C Early Intervention systems. As efforts to increase the use of NDBIs across EI systems grow, it is important to expand the scope of research to evaluate the implementation impact of this work. In order to address this gap, the current study was grounded in the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework (RE-AIM) to evaluate a broader range of implementation outcomes when a parent-mediated NDBI, Project ImPACT, was implemented within an Early Intervention system. Specific aims included examining: 1) the reach of Project ImPACT to children across the system; 2) the perceived effectiveness of Project ImPACT; 3) rates of provider participation in Project ImPACT training and consultation; 4) the delivery and adaptation of Project ImPACT by Early Intervention providers; and 5) providers’ intent to sustain their use of Project ImPACT. Forty-eight Early Intervention providers enrolled in Project ImPACT training, with a subsample participating in ongoing group consultation followed by an exit interview and a 6-month follow-up survey. Although there was a high level of interest in Project ImPACT training and good retention once enrolled, only half of EI providers who expressed interest in Project ImPACT training ultimately enrolled. Participating providers delivered Project ImPACT to families and children who were representative of state-level demographic information and perceived that Project ImPACT was effective for families and children on their caseload irrespective of whether children were autistic. Consistent with other research studies, providers’ fidelity to Project ImPACT was inconsistent, and providers reported a moderate level of adaptation to the program. At 6-month follow-up, providers reported high maintenance of Project ImPACT. The findings from this study have implications for how the RE-AIM framework could be used to more concisely characterize the impact of implementation efforts within public systems serving autistic toddlers and their families.

Deficit of trainees in thoracic surgery : Do we need to adapt or become extinct?

Although thoracic surgery is a challenging and versatile surgical specialty, a shortage of qualified and motivated thoracic surgery residents is expected in the coming years. In the inpatient setting, a shortage of approximately 7300 surgeons is expected. Therefore, there is an urgent need to attract more interested young medical students and improve the medical training of our next generation of surgeons. To assess the current nationwide status quo among medical students, an online survey with 39 questions on participant demographics, medical education, interest in surgical and thoracic surgery training, and attractiveness of residency was designed. In all, 224 questionnaires were analyzed. Overall, there was a high level of interest in (thoracic-) surgery at the start of training. It should be noted that one third of the respondents did not know that the 'thoracic surgeon' is an independent specialist. This statement raises further questions about the presence of thoracic surgery in medical studies. When asked about typical characteristics that students associate with thoracic surgery, the majority answered 'a high level of practical activity'. The main reason they gave for not pursuing further surgical training was the unfavorable work-life balance. Students know exactly what they want for their future and where surgery has its weaknesses. They want transparent and practical training, a work-life balance, and recognition of their work and themselves.

Strategi Membangun Brand Awareness Melalui Islamic Branding di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid Wilayah Al-Mawaddah

. Efforts to develop Islamic educational institutions are a necessity in the context of educational progress, especially in Islamic boarding schools. Reform of Islamic educational institutions can be enhanced through improving the quality of education, which is also a need and hope of society that must be responded to positively by educational institutions. Quality education involves institutional efforts to provide satisfactory services for students. The high level of public interest and support for educational institutions needs to be considered and implemented by managers. Therefore, institutional managers are expected to continue to improve their abilities in facing competition. In this case, the brand image reflects the image of the educational institution, and a positive image will provide a good assessment from the public. With this positive view, people will naturally believe that the institution has superior quality. A plan to increase brand awareness with the aim of increasing the competitiveness of educational institutions involving continued development of educational products that have been proven successful. In addition, adding superior products that are difficult for competitors to imitate can provide a stronger competitive advantage, supporting increased competitiveness of educational institutions.

Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Quizizz Terintegrasi Google Classroom untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Bahasa Indonesia

The focus of this research is the implementation of Quizizz integrated with Google Classroom (GCR) as an innovative solution to enhance students' learning interest. The main objective is to explore how the application of this technology influences students' perceptions of the Indonesian language subject and how it motivates them to learn better. By detailing students' perceptions and the impact of technology, this study provides profound insights into the potential of technology-based learning in creating engaging and effective learning experiences. The research method employed is classroom action research conducted at SD Negeri Sumber 2, involving 10 fifth-grade students. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews. The results indicate that learning through Quizizz integrated with GCR has a positive impact on students' learning interest, with high levels of enjoyment, interest, and attention reported by the students. Although students' engagement in online learning shows variations, the use of this technology significantly contributes to improving students' learning interest. The implications of this research suggest that e-learning approaches through platforms like Quizizz integrated with GCR have substantial potential to enhance students' learning interest in the context of digitally-transformed education.

New chatGPT 3.5 Instruction (Prompt) to Calculate Statistical Indicators for Student Graduation Projects

The paper aims to develop a new chatGPT 3.5 instruction (prompt) for computing statistical indicators in student graduation projects. A bibliometric analysis of 79606 sources published in the Scopus database revealed a high level of interest in solving problems related to "graduation projects" and "statistical indicators." Numerous studies emphasize the importance of probability and statistics education. Concurrently, educators are advised to abandon teaching manual calculation methods to students. ChatGPT could serve as a modern tool for computing statistical indicators. Modern methods employed in this research included reviewing scientific literature, analysis and synthesis, bibliometric analysis, mathematical modeling, computation of statistical indicators, and verification of statistical hypotheses using Z-statistics. Five examples of calculating statistical indicators are provided in this paper. Three tools were used for computing statistical indicators, with the new chatGPT 3.5 instruction (prompt) serving as the experimental method, while Excel tables and Windows calculator were used as control methods. Verification of statistical hypotheses using Z-statistics demonstrated the equality of results between experimental and control methods. The standard testing level was set at α = 0.05. The novelty of this work lies in the creation of the new chatGPT 3.5 instruction (prompt) for computing statistical indicators in student graduation projects. Additionally, a User's Guide has been published. The practical value of this work lies in reducing the time and simplifying the method for computing statistical indicators in preparing graduation projects, as well as in improving their quality. An additional benefit is the expanded use of computers for educational purposes.

Retrospective and Prospective Research on Cultivation of Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents between Universities and Enterprises

This paper utilizes the CNKI journal database to retrieve literature related to "school-enterprise collaboration" and "innovation and entrepreneurship". It employs bibliometrics and utilizes CiteSpace for quantitative analysis and information mining, demonstrating the spatial distribution characteristics and evolutionary context of research on school-enterprise collaboration in innovation and entrepreneurship. The research results indicate that the academic community has a high level of interest in the topic of school-enterprise collaboration in innovation and entrepreneurship, covering aspects such as the current situation of talent cultivation, problem analysis, platform research for nurturing talents, and student innovation and entrepreneurship ability cultivation, and has achieved certain results. However, research on the talent cultivation system of school-enterprise collaboration in innovation and entrepreneurship is still in its early stages, and a systematic theoretical model has not yet been formed. Therefore, establishing a systematic ecological model for talent cultivation in school-enterprise collaboration in innovation and entrepreneurship, and strengthening research on ensuring the operation of the talent cultivation system for school-enterprise collaboration in innovation and entrepreneurship, will become an important trend in future research on talent cultivation in school-enterprise collaboration in innovation and entrepreneurship.

Current perception and barriers to implementing lung ultrasound in Canadian neonatal intensive care units: a national survey.

Despite the growing body of literature supporting the use of point-of-care lung ultrasound (POC-LU) in neonates, its adoption in Canadian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) remains limited. This study aimed to identify healthcare providers' perceptions and barriers to implementing POC-LU in Canadian NICUs. We conducted an electronic survey targeting neonatologists, neonatal fellows, neonatal nurse practitioners, and registered respiratory therapists in 20 Canadian NICUs. The survey comprised a 28-item questionnaire divided into four sections: (1) participants' demographics and availability of POC-LU equipment, (2) experience and interest in POC-LU learning, (3) perception of POC-LU as a diagnostic tool, and (4) barriers to POC-LU implementation in NICUs.A total of 194 participants completed the survey, with neonatologists comprising the majority (45%). Nearly half of the participants (48%) reported prior experience with POC-LU. The most prevalent indications for POC-LU use were diagnosis of pleural effusion (90%), pneumothorax (87%), and respiratory distress syndrome (76%). Participants identified the primary barrier to POC-LU adoption as the lack of trained providers available for both training and clinical integration. Notably, most respondents (87%) expressed keen interest in learning neonatal POC-LU. A subgroup analysis based on the responses collected from NICU-directors of 12 institutions yielded results consistent with those of the overall participant pool. Conclusion: This survey underscores the perceived importance of POC-LU among NICU healthcare providers. A Canadian consensus is required to facilitate the development of widespread training programs as well as standardized clinical practice guideline for its implementation. What is Known: • In recent years, point-of-care lung ultrasound (POC-LU) has emerged as an important tool in neonatology, revolutionizing the assessment and management of critically ill infants. However, its adoption in Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units remains limited. What is New: • Most Canadian healthcare providers showed high level of interest in learning POC-LU techniques. Additionally, POC-LU was perceived as a useful tool for diagnosis and guiding intervention in various neonatal respiratory diseases. Nonetheless, the lack of expertise emerged as the primary barrier to its adoption and practice across different groups of participants regardless of their clinical experience level.

Implementation of team based learning for MBBS students – An innovative teaching learning method in medical education

Team-Based Learning (TBL) is an educational approach that enhances student engagement through individual assessments and collaborative group work. It is an effective and structured form of small group learning adaptable to large classroom settings. TBL ensures student accountability through various stages, including pre-class preparation, readiness assurance tests, problem-solving exercises, and immediate feedback. This study aims to implement and assess the efficacy of the TBL strategy among MBBS students in a large group teaching environment. The pilot study adopted a TBL approach, involving steps such as pre-class preparation with PDF materials and a WhatsApp video guide issued a week prior, individual and team readiness assurance tests (iRAT and tRAT) conducted via Google Forms and hard copy MCQs, clarification sessions on MCQs and relevant medical topics, and collaborative learning through case scenarios related to Type 2 diabetes. Discussions and conclusions were facilitated by the faculty, followed by immediate and scheduled feedback using Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t-test to compare iRAT and tRAT scores. The study gathered 133 responses from the first batch and 140 from the second batch of first year MBBS students. The analysis revealed significant improvements in scores from iRAT to tRAT, indicating the effectiveness of TBL in enhancing student learning outcomes. Feedback from the students showed high levels of engagement and interest in the learning process, with over 98% in both batches finding the TBL approach interesting and interactive. The findings suggest that TBL is a valuable and effective educational strategy that improves learning outcomes and fosters collaborative learning among students.

Conservative treatment of Peyronie's disease: a guide.

To review the literature on the topic, to suggest a common line of treatment applicable across a wide community of specialists, and to contribute in maintaining the high level of interest in this disease. A comprehensive and exhaustive review of the literature was performed, identifying hundreds of articles on the topic. Peyronie's disease is a condition that has been recognized, studied, and treated for centuries; despite this, if one excludes surgery in cases in which the deformity is stable, no clear treatment (or line of treatment) is available for complete relief of signs and symptoms. Treatment options were divided into local, oral, and injection therapy, and a wide variety of drugs, remedies, and options were identified. Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy, vacuum therapy, penile traction therapy, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, hyaluronic acid, and collagenase of Clostridium histolyticum may be recommended only in specific contexts. Further studies on individual options or potential combinations are required.

Experience From an Early Exposure Education Program in Radiation Oncology for High School and Undergraduate Students

Exposure to radiation oncology (RO), which is a small and highly subspecialized field of oncology, during undergraduate or medical education is often limited. Coupled with reduced elective exposures during the COVID-19 pandemic, unsubstantiated concerns regarding the RO job market have led to a noticeable decline in residency applications and medical students who express an interest in the field. Here, we describe a summer education program piloted in our RO department at a comprehensive cancer center to provide premedical school students (ranging from high school to postbaccalaureate) early exposure to the specialty through clinical shadowing, research opportunities, journal club, and formal didactic lectures. Pre- and postprogram surveys were administered to these students to evaluate the change in knowledge in RO. A total of 8 students participated in the program. We found an increase in understanding of the specialty, high levels of interest in considering RO as a career, and positive feedback regarding the program overall. This study supports the role of early exposure and education in stimulating interest in future medical students to pursue RO as a career. Future efforts are needed to further develop and evaluate these education programs as well as disseminate the program more broadly.