High Levels Of Cooperation Research Articles

The interactive effects of intragroup cooperation and competition: toward a perspective of paradox

PurposeUnderpinned by paradox theory, this study aims to investigate how and when intragroup cooperation and competition combine to drive individual creativity. It further examines how group goal orientation influences individuals’ creative processes by underscoring its effect on individuals' tendency to adopt a paradox lens.Design/methodology/approachA time-lagged survey was conducted with 85 leaders and 420 employees in Chinese high-tech companies that were actively engaged in innovative activities.FindingsThe results reveal that pure cooperation or pure competition exerts no significant influence on creativity, yet simultaneous high levels of cooperation and competition give rise to strong levels of creativity. This combined effect of cooperation and competition on employees' creativity could be explained by their changes in cognitive flexibility. Moreover, employees' flexible responses to high levels of cooperation and competition could be promoted when groups enact learning goals rather than performance goals.Originality/valueThis study provides a theoretical perspective on how cooperation and competition can be contingent upon each other. It also highlights the role of group learning goals when members strive to be creative in groups with high levels of competition and cooperation.

Are we virtuously caring or just anxious?

According to Grossmann, the high levels of cooperation seen in humans are the result of a "virtuous caring cycle" on which the increased care that more fearful children receive brings increased cooperative tendencies in those children. But this proposal overlooks an equally well supported alternative on which children's anxiety - not a virtuous caring cycle - explains the cooperative tendencies of humans.

Իրանի ճանապարհային քարտեզը որպես նոր այլընտրանք տարածաշրջանում / The Road Map of Iran as a New Alternative in the Region

From the 80s of the 20th century until today, Iran is under sanctions imposed by the United States, which does not allow the country to develop international economic ties with American and European countries and enter the world market. In an attempt to counterbalance and avoid domestic economic collapse in the face of imposed sanctions, Iran made a decision and since the last decades of the 20th century began to engage in a higher level of cooperation with regional countries, which was reflected in the policy of connecting its railway network with neighboring and other regional countries, most famously is called "railway policy". Iran also wants to have a second, alternative option in addition to having a railway connection with any country, because that road may cease to be operational for various reasons, as a result of which the countries will lose this vital path between them. In order to prevent this, Iran wants to have alternative versions of all its interstate railways with its projects, which mainly operate or are being designed through the territory of other states.

Кризис-содержащие факторы развития КНР

In 2022–2023, China is entering a new stage of its development. The combination of a number of crisis-containing factors increases the likelihood of a large-scale socio-economic shock. Partly man-made excessive slowdown in economic development due to the “Zero COVID policy”, the ongoing and escalating US-Chinese rivalry and, in particular, the “technological war”, the over-concentration of power after the 20th Congress of the CPC, as well as the growing tension around the Taiwan problem – all together, or with the imposition of just two or three components, can lead to serious negative socio-economic consequences that will put into question Beijing’s achievement of its second “centennial goal” – the establishment of the PRC as one of the leading world powers by 2049. With the exception of the domestic political sphere, China is trying to find answers to the above-mentioned challenges. In late 2022 – early 2023, Beijing removes anti-coronavirus restrictions, activates trade and economic cooperation in various formats, attempts to find out common ground between Chinese and American global interests, continues to make efforts in the European (also African, Asian, etc.) direction of its foreign policy, as well as emphasizes the high level of Russian-Chinese cooperation. At the same time, trying to provide answers to crisis-containing factors, Beijing faces both opportunities and limitations. The coming year or two seem to be most difficult for China over the last 20 years. The slowdown in the economy and domestic consumption, social protests, new challenges of the pandemic, the search for options to normalize relations with the United States, balancing between the West and Russia against the background of the Ukrainian crisis, etc. will require non-standard solutions from the Chinese leadership. Here we can expect both traditional successes and possible failures. In the near future, the political model chosen by Beijing at the 20th CPC Congress will be tested for effectiveness.

Israeli-Iranian Rivalry from the Perspective of Sino-Israeli and Indian-Israeli Relations

The article takes a look at how Israeli-Iranian rivalry affected the development of Sino-Israeli and Indian-Israeli relations. China characterizes its relations with Iran as strategic cooperation while India maintains a high level of cooperation with the Islamic Republic. What is more, Iran is one of major trade partners of China and India in the region. The author analyses the efforts Tel-Aviv took to try to influence China’s and India’s approach towards Teheran and make it more favorable for its interests. In the case of China, Israel was interested in stopping flow of Chinese weapons to Iran as well as putting an end to China’s support to Iran’s nuclear program. As for India, Israel in the 2000s was concerned that some of its military technologies supplied to India might be leaked to Iran. Given this, Israel tried to dissuade China’s and India’s from advancing ties with Teheran. The analysis showed that Israel’s efforts turned out to be fruitless. China signed new strategic agreement with Iran in 2021 and cooperates with Iran on the military and intelligence levels. Likewise, India didn’t change its stance towards Iran due to of Israel’s efforts. Nevertheless, China’s trade relations with Iran decreased as a result of Beijing deepening ties with Arab states, namely Gulf states. This led to decline in China’s oil imports from Iran. The same process can be witnessed in Indian-Iranian relations, where imports from Iran sharply decreased as a result of Trump Administration’s anti-Iranian policy.

Wealth, health and inequality in Agta foragers.

There is significant evidence from large-scale, industrial and post-industrial societies that greater income and wealth inequality is negatively associated with both population health and increasing health inequalities. However, whether such relationships are inevitable and should be expected to impact the health of small-scale societies as they become more market-integrated is less clear. Here, using mixed-effect models, we explore the relationship between health, wealth, wealth inequality and health inequalities in a small-scale foraging population from the Philippines, the Agta. Across 11 camps, we find small to moderate degrees of wealth inequality (maximal Gini Coefficient 0.44) which is highest in the most permanent camps, where individuals engage more heavily in the formal market. However, in both adults (n = 161) and children (n = 215), we find little evidence that either wealth or wealth inequality associates with ill health, except for one measure of nutritional condition-red blood cell count. We interpret these results in the light of high levels of cooperation among the Agta which may buffer against the detrimental effects of wealth inequality documented in industrial and post-industrial societies. We observe little intergenerational wealth transmission, highlighting the fluid nature of wealth, and thus wealth inequality, particularly in mobile communities. The deterioration of nutritional status, as indicated by red blood cell counts, requires further investigation before concluding the Agta's extensive cooperation networks may be beginning to breakdown in the face of increasing inequality.

Warm solidarity in the Belgian homelessness policy assemblage during the coronavirus pandemic

In 2020 in Belgium the coronavirus crisis generated a widespread solidarity between the housed and the homeless. This paper adopts a policy assemblage approach to investigate policy responses to the pandemic with regards to actions, discourses and spatial materialities around homelessness. Three areas of contingent reassembling emerged from the analysis: spaces of cooperation, domestic space and public space. All three were permeated with new charity power relations and warm solidarity rhetoric. Firstly, emergency responses involved a high level of cooperation between different actors. Secondly, domestic space became a space for participation for helpers, while recipients – temporarily and as an exceptional measure – were granted access to it. Thirdly, daily practices in public space revealed and exacerbated power imbalances. Additionally, homelessness was portrayed in the media as caused by these exceptional circumstances rather than a problem of structural inequalities and insufficient policies. In this rhetoric, increased civic solidarity was the answer to the extraordinary situation. Despite all their drawbacks, in the context of the multilevel Belgian administrative structure, however, these contingent initiatives are potentially also a tool of critique and policy change

스마트그린 산업단지를 활용한 남북 산업협력 방안

By the halted inter-Korean relationship and worsened international relationship including U.S-Sino conflict, the resume of inter-Korean economic cooperation and exchange is hardly expected. Moreover, Covid-19 pandemic reshapes the global economic environment. Above all, climate change and the reconstruction of global supply chain brought paradigm shift. Therefore, we have to contrive new inter-Korean economic cooperation model to response the changed global situation. The aim of this research is to suggest new direction for the inter-Korean economic cooperation. In addition, it hopes to provide new economic momentum for Korean firms.
 Regarding the changed external condition, this study suggest new inter-Korean industrial cooperation by utilizing smart green industrial complex. To fulfill this goal this research explores the lesson from the previous industrial cooperation, recent response toward climate change and global norms, the necessity of participation into global supply chain. Besides, it handles global trends including carbon emission reduction and eco-friendly products. Namely, smart green industrial complex seeks high level of industrial cooperation by corresponding with climate change and global trade trends. If the aforementioned goals are achieved then we might obtain the new economic momentum.
 The successful eco-friendly inter-Korean industrial cooperation will provide economic opportunities to the two Koreas. By the establishing eco-friendly products production base, South Korea can expand its role within the global supply chain. As for North Korea, they will have a chance to consume high-quality products. It can also access the global supply chain. Eventually, these policies would increase the overall industrial capacity of North Korea. Last but not least, South Korea’s brand image will arise as the frontier of eco-friendly industry and a good donor state.

A policy approach for sustainable governance of sand mining activities in NW Kashmir Himalayas

Sustainability in river bed mining is emerging as a sensible yet unexplored area of research. This study assessed the socio-economic and environmental implications of mining operations in the River Jhelum of North-Western Kashmir Himalaya. To achieve the objectives of the study, surveys, focal group discussions, and questionnaires were used. Further, the high-resolution Google Earth imagery was used to monitor the distribution of mining boats correlated with extensive field-based surveys along a stretch of 150 km of Jhelum River. Manual counting from satellite data depicted that 2976 mining boats are currently operating in river Jhelum from the stretch between Khanabal to Boniyar involving manpower of about 17856 persons. The results indicated that ∼2273662.74 metric tonnes of sand are extracted from river Jhelum annually. Socio-economic analysis revealed that sand mining serves as a source of livelihood to ∼20000 families. Surveys and visual observations at mining sites revealed that the rampant riparian zone and mushrooming of in-stream mining activities have impacted river health causing erosion of river banks, flood plains, and pollution of the river ecosystem. This study offers a policy approach for sustainable governance of sand mining activities that pledge environmental protection with minimum regulatory costs and high levels of public cooperation.

Marina Business in Relation to Development

Marina Business, or Marina in&with Business is a new term in the terminology of nautical tourism, introduced in Croatia in the conditions of COVID-19. In other words, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the old, disorganized relationships of entities operating in and with marinas. The damaged relations during the pandemic showed all the illogic in their existing relations as well as the damage to the better results of Croatian charters and ports of nautical tourism, especially marinas. The fact that the state distanced itself from the economy and the development of entrepreneurship was reflected in the development of nautical tourism in Croatia, which developed independently in all its sub-forms after the Homeland War. Favourable post-war opportunities on the market of nautical tourism offer, i.e. lagging in the development of nautical tourism capacities and high dynamics of tourism demand, favoured nautical tourism enterprises that achieved positive business results until the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. If the problem of cruising is excluded, both large world cruises and small domestic cruises, nautical tourism ports, especially marinas and charters, developed dynamically, but with the intention of doing profitable business, the problems gradually deepened. At the same time, the relationship problem could not be solved due to the good mutual business results. The emergence of the pandemic in 2020 showed the other side of the cooperative relationship between charterers and marinas, which for both subjects led to the distancing of the state in aid programs that should have been specific and not general for subjects of all types of businesses. In addition to the problems of charters and marinas, it is also necessary to consider the activity of skippers, who are of great importance for Croatian charter, which is considered the largest in the world. The services of skippers are used by about 40% of sailors, and they are an important segment for the success of the Croatian charter business. It should be noted here that in the further paragraphs of this paper the terms nautical tourism ports and marinas will be used, and this is because charter is mainly located in marinas and only to a lesser extent in other forms of nautical tourism ports, so it is also mentioned in nautical tourism ports. Thus, the relationship “marina-charter-skippers” represents a working symbiosis that links it to the intention of all successful businesses. The goal of the research is to valorise the factors of the quality of business cooperation and good business relationships that ensure profitable business for everyone. The research hypothesis states that the necessary good business cooperation can be achieved through a higher level of cooperation than before.

On the interplay of hierarchies, conflicts, and cooperation: An experimental approach.

Previous research suggests that it is difficult to maintain cooperation in a large society when there is a strong hierarchical structure. In this study, we implement online human experiments to study the effects of exogenous variation in a particular notion of hierarchy on cooperation and conflict within groups. We demonstrate how cooperation can be maintained when collective action is accompanied by dyadic conflicts whose outcome feeds back on the hierarchical rank of the contestants. We find that the majority of individuals take part in conflicts and that highly ranked individuals mostly cooperate and engage in conflicts as a way to punish noncooperators. As a consequence, stable hierarchical groups can arise and maintain high levels of cooperation. Our results are in agreement with the prediction of earlier theoretical models on hierarchical societies and are relevant to understanding the interplay of hierarchy, cooperation, and conflict.

Continuous Spatial Public Goods Game Based on Particle Swarm Optimization with Memory Stability

Public goods games have been extensively studied to determine the mechanism behind cooperation in social dilemmas. Previous public goods games based on particle swarm algorithms enabled individuals to integrate their past best strategies with the current best strategies of their neighbors, which can effectively promote cooperation. In this paper, we introduce the concept of memory stability and explore the effects of different memory stability coefficients on strategy distribution, strategy update rate, and average cooperation level. Our simulation results showed that, in the case of a very high propensity coefficient, infinite memory stability coefficients cannot reach a high level of cooperation, while reducing memory stability can reach a very high level of cooperation. At a low enhancement factor, weakening memory stability decreased the average cooperation level, while at a higher enhancement factor, a weakening memory stability greatly increased the average group cooperation level. Our study provides new insights into the application of particle swarm algorithms to public goods games.

Assessing the relationship between cultural diversity and disaster preparedness: A case study of flood hazard for Northern and Southern Punjab

A strong relationship exists between cultural diversity and disaster preparedness. However, there is not much literature conducted globally regarding the correlation between the two factors and as for Punjab (Pakistan), no studies were found. Based on the knowledge-gaps identified, this research study creates a culture-based approach to measure flood disaster preparedness in Punjab. The study focuses on flood since it is a common disaster in the targeted region. Dhalewali (Sialkot) and Utra-Sandilah (Muzaffargarh) from the Northern and Southern Punjab, respectively are selected to be the concentration of the study since they have a history of and are prone to flooding. Data is collected via a double-barrel survey comprising a questionnaire that captures both social and economic (socio-economic) parameters to cover a wider spectrum of the culture diversity. Quantitative and graphical representation of the data analyzed proved the existence of a strong relationship between cultural diversity and successful disaster preparedness. Results showed that Utra-Sandilah (Muzaffargarh) has better cultural diversity than Dhalewali (Sialkot). Moreover, people of Muzaffargarh have better relationships with each other, higher level of cooperation and collaboration with the government's schemes and initiatives against flood disaster measures and are willing to actively participate in flood preparedness. Even though the latter indicates that Utra-Sandilah (Muzaffargarh) is more prepared than Dhalewali (Sialkot), there is a need to enhance flood disaster preparedness at both individual household and community levels in both areas; for instance, reducing the gender-divide gap. A framework model is also developed based on the relationship between disaster preparedness and cultural diversity, which is replicable and reproduceable for other similar scenarios.

Interaction between individual and collective learning in an entrepreneurial setting: case study of SoftBank Academia in Japan

ABSTRACT This study presents a theoretical model of interaction between individual and collective levels of entrepreneurial learning. We conducted a qualitative study on SoftBank Academia (SBA), an institute for human resource development to develop potential successors to Masayoshi Son, the founder of SoftBank Group in Japan. In SBA, there’s simultaneously a high level of competition and cooperation. Results suggest that the entrepreneurial learning process, which spans individual and collective levels, features elements of SoftBank Group’s business process such as ‘comradely association’ and ‘Cluster of No. 1 Strategy’.

Cancer and COVID-19 research studies with team science: a bibliometric study

ABSTRACT Team science refers to research initiatives considered in collaboration with scientists from different disciplines or fields. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis for visualization of global research activity concerning the combination of cancer and the COVID-19 pandemic using a team science approach. A bibliometric study was implemented using Web of Science from 2019 to 2021. We analyzed citations to identify description and citations analysis of results, most prolific countries, international research collaboration, most prolific institutions, research areas, most cited papers, and most productive journals. The preliminary data of 2,313 studies that adopted a team science approach were recorded and analyzed. Team science is becoming progressively popular in cancer research. The United States was the most active country, followed by Italy and China. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Italy had the highest level of cooperation with other countries. The most prolific institution was Harvard University, followed by University of London and the University of Texas System. Head and Neck Journal for the Sciences and Specialties of the Head and Neck, Frontiers in Oncology, and eCancerMedicalScience were the most productive journals. Governments, organizations, policymakers, and researchers should pay attention to team science approach at times of disasters such as cancer and COVID-19 to achieve the best strategies for controlling cancer that is currently a world problem.

Hybrid learning promotes cooperation in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game

Individuals’ strategy updating is an important factor in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game. According to Bandura’s social learning theory, adaptive behavior adjustment involves imitating others (i.e. social-learning) and reinforcing the current behaviors based on self-feedback (i.e. self-learning). The existing researches have shown that although social learning and self-learning can promote cooperation under certain conditions, there are some deficiencies in the stability of evolution and the cooperation level. It is, therefore, worthwhile to examine whether hybrid strategy-updating can overcome the deficiencies. In this paper, we propose a hybrid strategy-updating mechanism combining social learning and self-learning. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid strategy learning mechanism can effectively promote cooperation under appropriate parameter settings. The weight of self-learning and the aspiration of payoff have great impacts on cooperation. We find that at a low aspiration level, higher tendency towards social learning is beneficial to cooperation, while at a high level of aspiration, higher tendency towards self-learning has a significantly positive effect on cooperation. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanism of hybrid learning is explored, revealing that hybrid learning is more conducive to the maintenance of cooperation than social learning and self-learning per se. Finally, through the analysis on the evolutionary stability, we show that the hybrid learning mechanism can prevent the spread of defection when random strategy invasion happens and maintain a high cooperation level.

Multi-Agent Based Stochastic Dynamical Model to Measure Community Resilience

Emergency services and utilities need appropriate planning tools to analyze and improve infrastructure and community resilience to disasters. Recognized as a key metric of community resilience is the social well-being of a community during a disaster, which is made up of mental and physical social health. Other factors influencing community resilience directly or indirectly are emotional health, emergency services, and the availability of critical infrastructures services, such as food, agriculture, water, transportation, electric power, and communications system. It turns out that in computational social science literature dealing with community resilience, the role of these critical infrastructures along with some important social characteristics is not considered. To address these weaknesses, we develop a new multi-agent based stochastic dynamical model, standardized by overview, design concepts, details, and decision (ODD+D) protocol and derived from neuro-science, psychological and social sciences, to measure community resilience in terms of mental and physical well-being. Using this model, we analyze the micro-macro level dependence between the emergency services and power systems and social characteristics such as fear, risk perception, information-seeking behaviour, cooperation, flexibility, empathy, and experience, in an artificial society. Furthermore, we simulate this model in two case studies and show that a high level of flexibility, experience, and cooperation enhances community resilience. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed.

Relationship between students’ emotional intelligence, perceived school life and school performance.

There is a growing amount of literature investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence, school life and school performance. Even though there are numerous studies on the subject, there are a few studies performed for Greek speaking students and even less performed in the Republic of Cyprus. The present study aimed at investigating the interactions between emotional intelligence, factors related to the social classroom climate and academic achievement of Greek-Cypriot school-age children. Results showed that children reported relatively high classroom cohesion, cooperation and academic self-esteem, whereas they reported relatively low alienation from their classmates. School performance was found to relate positively with cooperation, cohesion and academic self-esteem and negatively with alienation. Emotional intelligence was found to relate positively with cooperation. Additionally, emotional intelligence was found to significantly predict classroom cooperation in a way that students with high levels of emotional intelligence were likely to report high levels of cooperation. Finally, a cohesive school climate predicted high levels of emotional intelligence. Data are discussed in relation to existing literature investigating the role of emotional intelligence in school life and school achievement.

Model Pemberdayaan Dan Komunikasi Organisasi Karang Taruna Desa Munggugianti Kecamatan Benjeng

The Karang Taruna's role in the community necessitates a high level of expertise and cooperation with the government. This necessitates empowering and enabling efficient organizational communication models between members and the village government so that development planning initiatives, notably social welfare, can run in harmony. It is done in Karang Taruna in Munggugianti Village, Benjeng District, through studying, discussing, advising, instructing, and mentoring the younger generation. These services address an individual's cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor aspects. Organizational communication has been modeled under the Stephen P. Robbins approach. The findings suggest that the Karang Taruna have a sense of their dignity and are aware of historical patterns that can be used as a learning tool. A second benefit was that Karang Taruna Munggugianti Village residents could air their views in public. As the Village Government's Social-Economic Recovery Partner, the karang taruna Munggugianti Village has the same perception or knowledge of the karang taruna Optimization Strategy. This karang taruna village can create the Independence program, which is part of the activity idea, and put it into action. "Y" communications model is used in the Karang Taruna Munggugianti Village's organizational communications model because it is flexible enough to adapt to any given situation or condition in which it is applied. In the Karang Taruna Munggugianti Village, the wheel communication model, in which the chairman is the center communicator, is the prevalent organizational communication paradigm.

Who benefits from air service agreements? The case of international air cargo operations

Air service agreements between countries spell out diverse provisions, such as reciprocal capacity allocations. We analyze how such agreements, which regulate total capacity in markets, affect total welfare and its distribution. We consider the interactions between two competing cargo airlines, their end customers, logistics service providers—who serve as intermediaries between the former two agent types—as well as the policy makers. Accounting for demand uncertainty, we model this interaction as a two-stage game. In the first stage, the policy makers coordinate equal capacity allocations to the two asset providers, whereas in the second stage, the asset providers compete over prices in the spot market. Solving the model, we characterize the pricing strategies employed by the two competing capacity-constrained asset providers in the spot market when facing price sensitive demand from end customers. We further analyze the corresponding capacity decisions.We then compare this coordinated competitive setting with a collaborative setting where the two asset providers can (virtually) merge and act as a monopoly. We find that, compared with the monopoly setting, the coordinated duopoly results in lower capacity, lower profits to the asset providers, larger benefits to both end customers and logistics service providers, and overall lower total welfare. These results suggest that policy makers shall hold an open attitude towards a higher level of cooperation among the asset providers. We carry out robustness checks to verify our insights hold with three, rather than two, asset providers, with different demand distributions, when capacity is costly and when asymmetric capacities are allowed in the spot market.