Higher Levels In Women Research Articles

Women’s Science Major Satisfaction

Women contend with gender bias in certain science contexts, which suggests they may be likely to adopt prevention-focused modes of regulation aimed at maintaining safety and security in such settings. This study represented an integrated test of regulatory focus theory (RFT; Higgins, 1997, 1998) and the critical mass hypothesis, which assumes that women are attracted to scientific career fields in which their group represents a majority. Participants were 255 female undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and/or mathematics (STEM) majors enrolled in science laboratory classes. Results indicated that number of men in labs moderated the mediated relationship between affiliation and intrinsic science motivation via academic satisfaction. This moderated mediation effect was observed at low, but not average or high, levels of men in labs. No such effect was observed at high levels of women in labs. Theoretical and empirical implications for research related to the underrepresentation of women in STEM are discussed.

Establishing the connection between demographic and economic factors, and gender status in the Middle East

Purpose– Multiple dimensions influencing women's status in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region – factoring in socio-demographic, economic, and political forces are discussed in this paper. Process of modernization has been complicated by a strong patriarchal culture, the overlap of religion and government, and the absence of a diversified economy along with presence of wealth producing oil resources. Religious ideology, cultural beliefs, and traditional principles, however, cannot be argued as the only reason for women's status lagging behind in these countries. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Six diverse MENA countries – Iran, Libya, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen – that differ from one another with respect to geography, economy, demographics, modernization characteristics and cultural history are examined for comparative reasons.Findings– Even though Islam is commonly portrayed as the main factor controlling women's lives and opportunities in MENA, the analysis shows that there are other significant processes at work. To date, women's higher level of educational attainment and unusually swift fertility decline in the MENA region deviates from the expectation that predicts a strong positive correlation between these demographic factors and increased women's social status and higher social mobility.Originality/value– This conceptual paper demystifies the connection between women's social status and empowerment in the MENA region and its connection to economic development, employment opportunities, and political stability.

Incidence Of Rugby Injuries In a French High Level Women’s Team

Incidence Of Rugby Injuries In a French High Level Women’s Team

THE USE OF WHOLE-BODY CRYOSTIMULATION TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF SLEEP IN ATHLETES DURING HIGH LEVEL STANDARD COMPETITIONS

BackgroundThis is a field study realized during basketball preparation tournaments for the European championship 2013 with men and women French team. During these competitions, athletes used Whole-Body Cryostimulation (WBC) exposures...

Endogenous sex hormones, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes in men and women.

Endogenous sex hormones predict impairments of glucose regulation. Cross-sectional studies suggest that lower levels of testosterone in men and higher levels in women increase risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, whereas lower levels of sex hormone binding globulin in both men and women increase risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In a systematic review, we summarize existing longitudinal studies, which suggest similar patterns. However, these studies are often limited to a single sex steroid measure. Whether these associations are primarily a marker of adiposity, and whether these associations differ between younger eugonadal vs older hypogonadal adults is also uncertain. The impact of exogenous sex steroid therapy may not reflect relationships between sex hormones and impaired glucose regulation that occur without supplementation. Therefore, examination of endogenous sex steroid trajectories and obesity trajectories within individuals might aid our understanding of how sex steroids contribute to glucose regulation.

Food Insecurity and Budgeting Among Liberians in the US: How are They Related to Socio-demographic and Pre-resettlement Characteristics

Objectives of this study: (1) Examine food insecurity (FI) prevalence and its relationship with sociodemographic and pre-resettlement characteristics; (2) Investigate differences in amount of money spent on food/month by food security status and socio-demographic characteristics. A pilot study with semi-structured in-home interviews was conducted with Liberian caregivers (n = 33). FI was indicated in 61% of households. FI was higher among women >40, had ≤ high school education and those making ≤$1,000/month. Women arriving in US >15 years of age were more likely to be food insecure. Participants spent an average $109/month on groceries/member. Food insecure women, and those without a car spent more money on food (P < .10). Liberian women in this sample experience high levels of FI upon resettlement. Besides poor economic conditions, pre-resettlement characteristics were associated with food security status. These findings call for future research to understand how preresettlement conditions affect food choices, budgeting and thereby food security status.

Thrombin Generation and Low Molecular Weight Heparin Prophylaxis In Pregnant Women With Thrombophilia

IntroductionPregnancy is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) which is even more pronounced in the presence of inherited thrombophilia. Despite the well-established relation between thrombophilic pregnancies and VTE, there is no consensus on the optimal approach for thromboprophylaxis in this population. There is growing evidence that thrombin generation correlates with the overall procoagulant state of the plasma leading to elevated thrombosis risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate thrombin generation over the course of pregnancy in women with inherited thrombophilia compared to healthy pregnant women. We also aimed to investigate the effectiveness of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis in pregnancy by measuring thrombin generation and anti-Factor-Xa activity. MethodsIn this cohort study women with severe (n=8) and mild (n=47) thrombophilia were followed throughout their pregnancies. In addition, healthy pregnant women (n=15) were recruited as control subjects. Thrombin generation was evaluated in each trimester as well as 5 days after delivery and 8 weeks postpartum (baseline). In order to assess the effect of LMWH therapy at each stage of the pregnancy, thrombin generation and anti-Factor-Xa activity were measured just before and 4 hours after administration of the drug (peak and trough effect). Thrombin generation was determined using Technothrombin TGA assay system, and the results were evaluated with the provided software. For analysis, the median peak thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential were determined. The anti-Factor-Xa activity was measured by a commercially available chromogenic assay. ResultsIn all the 3 study groups, both peak thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential were increased over the course of pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant state. Peak thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential were higher in the severe thrombophilia group than in the other 2 groups in every trimester and also after delivery. There was no distinct difference in thrombin generation between the mild group and the controls. In women undergoing LMWH prophylaxis a decrease was observed in both the peak thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential after the drug was administered. Over the course of pregnancy the extent of this decrease reduced in a stepwise fashion. The difference between the 2 measurements (before and after LMWH) was smallest in the third trimester and increased again after delivery. Anti-Factor-Xa activity appeared to be enhanced at the peak effect of LMWH. However, the difference between the anti-Factor-Xa activity before and after LMWH administration remained unchanged over the progression of pregnancy. None of the women suffered from VTE or had any bleeding complications during the observation period. ConclusionsOur results show that thrombin generation is increased during pregnancy, with higher levels in women with severe thrombophilic defects. In addition, our data demonstrate a decrease in the effect of LMWH with advancing stages of pregnancy. Until now no studies evaluated prospectively the effect of LMWH prophylaxis on thrombin generation over pregnancy. Our findings contribute to the ongoing debate about the necessity and intensity of thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy, providing new information about the coagulable state of mild and severe thrombophilic pregnant women. The decreasing antithrombotic effect of LMWH over pregnancy suggests a need for dose adjustment in late gestational weeks. Furthermore, our results imply that thrombin generation as a global coagulation test may demonstrate more sensitively the effect of LMWH than the anti-Factor-Xa activity assay. Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Women's Economic Participation on the Eve of Industrialization: Bizkaia, Spain, 1825

This contribution discusses, from the regional perspective of Bizkaia, Spain, adult women's labor force participation prior to industrialization, including the impact of economic, social, and demographic variables, such as family life cycle, marriage, and the presence of minor children in the household. Women's high level of participation – 68.6 percent for the entire province – varies considerably, depending on local economic conditions. Job opportunities for women and socioeconomic characteristics of households act as first-order explanatory factors. Women in proto-industrial economies, like Bizkaia's, which combined the extraction, transport, and marketing of iron with agriculture and fishing, show greater participation. Demand for women's labor was linked to jobs without recognized qualifications. The association of women's participation with demographic variables is not manifest in the historical data. The results show that supply factors do not explain the variance in women's activity.

In Scandinavia, High-Level Women Experience More Stress at Work

In Scandinavia, High-Level Women Experience More Stress at Work

Application of the Copenhagen Soccer Test in high-level women players – locomotor activities, physiological response and sprint performance

We evaluated the physiological response, sprint performance and technical ability in various phases of the Copenhagen Soccer Test for Women (CSTw) and investigated whether the locomotor activities of the CSTw were comparable to competitive match-play (CM). Physiological measurements and physical/technical assessments were performed during CSTw for eleven Norwegian high-level women soccer players. The activity pattern during CSTw and CM was monitored using the ZXY tracking system. No differences were observed between CSTw and CM with regards to total distance covered (10093±94 and 9674±191m), high intensity running (1278±67 and 1193±115m) or sprinting (422±55 and 372±46m) (p>.05). During CSTw, average HR was 85±2%HRmax with 35±2% playing time >90%HRmax. Blood lactate increased (p<.05) from 1.4±0.3mM at rest to an average of 4.7±0.5mM during CSTw, with no changes during the test. Blood glucose was 5.4±0.3mM at rest and remained unaltered during CSTw. Sprint performance (2×20m) decreased (p<.05) by 3% during CSTw (8.19±0.06–8.47±0.10s). In conclusion, the locomotor activities during CSTw were comparable to that of high-level competitive match-play. The physiological demands of the CSTw were high, with no changes in heart rate, blood lactate or technical performance during the test, but a lowered sprint performance towards the end of the test.

The Role of Adiponectin in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Published results suggests that high adiponectin level may decrease the risk of breast cancer. However, available evidence on breast cancer is conflicting. Therefore a meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between blood adiponectin and breast cancer risk. PubMed database, Web of Science, Elsevier Science, Springer Link and bibliographies of retrieved articles were searched for epidemiological studies published up to March 2013. Meta-analysis was performed on the combined effect values (OR) as well as standardized mean difference (SMD) including 17 studies. Fixed or random effect pooled measure was selected on the basis of homogeneity test among studies. The publication bias was assessed by the Egger’s regression asymmetry test and Begg’s rank correlation test with Begg’s funnel plot. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were also performed. A total of 13 studies involving 3578 breast cancer cases and 4363 controls contributed to the OR analysis. The high adiponectin level did not significantly affect breast cancer risk (OR=0.902, 95% CI=0.773–1.053). After excluding articles that were the key contributors to between-study heterogeneity, the OR of high adiponectin level was associated with decreased breast cancer risk (OR=0.838, 95% CI=0.744–0.943). There was a significantly association between high adiponectin level and postmenopausal breast cancer women (OR=0.752, 95%CI=0.604-0.936); and it was not associated with premenopausal breast cancer women (OR=0.895, 95%CI=0.638-1.256). The result of pooled measure on SMD was that the high adiponectin level was associated with decreased breast cancer risk (SMD= -0.348, 95% CI= -0.533--0.614) after excluding articles which were the key contributors to between-study heterogeneity. Our findings indicate that high adiponectin level might decrease the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. More randomized clinical trials and observational studies are needed to confirm this association with underlying biological mechanisms in the future.

Long‐term pattern of brain natriuretic peptide and N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide and its determinants in the general population: contribution of age, gender, and cardiac and extra‐cardiac factors

The natriuretic peptides BNP and NT-proBNP are potent cardiac markers, but knowledge of long-term changes is sparse. We thus quantified determinants of change in BNP and NT-proBNP in a study of south German residents (KORA). A total of 1005 men and women (age 25-74 years, mean 48 years) underwent physical examination and echocardiography at baseline and at follow-up after 10 years. The current analysis comprised 877 subjects with dual measurements of BNP and NT-proBNP. Both markers increased in both sexes (P < 0.001) during the 10-year follow-up, and higher levels in women persisted across time (P for sex difference <0.001). Among baseline covariates, predictors for 10-year change of NT-proBNP, BNP, or both were age, sex, diabetes status, and heart rate (multivariable regression analysis, each P < 0.05). However, changes of covariates over the 10-year follow-up were much stronger determinants. Specifically, incident myocardial infarction, new beta-blocker medication, and increased cardiac parameters (left atrial diameter, LV end-diastolic diameter, and LV mass index) were associated with increasing BNP, NT-proBNP, or both, whereas increased heart rate, haematocrit, and body mass index (BMI) were associated with decreasing BNP and NT-proBNP (all P < 0.05). Next to ageing and sex, a variety of changes in covariates reflecting the sequelae of cardiac remodelling as well as myocardial infarction and diabetes influence long-term changes of BNP and NT-proBNP. Of note, diabetes and increased BMI exert opposite effects. For interpretation of individual marker concentrations, a host of covariates needs to be considered, especially in subjects without prevalent or incident cardiac disease.

Intimate Partner Violence in the Eastern Part of Iran: A Path Analysis of Risk Factors

Intimate partner violence against women is a widespread phenomenon that is the cause of many deleterious health and social consequences. This study examines the impact of some risk factors on partner violence in the eastern region of Iran, using path analysis. The study used a population-based cross sectional study design. In this study, 251 married women who were referred to the health centers were selected through a proportionally stratified and randomized sampling method. Domestic violence was measured using Conflict Tactics Scale and the socio-demographic variable was assessed by a self-report questionnaire. Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling was used for evaluating the overall path analysis and the direct and indirect p-value was estimated by Bootstrap method. AMOS and SPSS software were used to analyze data. The prevalence of overall violence was 78.1%, with 37.8% and 0.8% of women reporting minor and severe violence, respectively, and 39.8% reporting both severe and minor forms of violence. Psychological violence was the most common type of violence reported (66.5%). The model showed that husbands’ drug abuse and women's higher level of education compared to their husbands were the first and second most important factors that significantly and directly influenced the violence. The women's attitude, however, had the least effect on the violence. The findings indicated that higher educated women and women with addicted husbands were more likely to experience violence. Treating the drug abuse disorders, especially mental disorders, using behavioral couple's therapy, as well as modifying certain traditional and cultural biases against women's empowerment are suggested.

The gender wage gap and its institutional context: a comparative analysis of European graduates

This article examines whether there is a gender gap in monthly wages among recent graduates in 11 European countries, and which variables account for it. We extend previous works considering a broader range of variables including perceived skills, responsibility at work, family obligations and attitudes to family and work. Regression analyses applied to data from the ‘Research into Employment and professional FLEXibility’ (REFLEX) survey (2005) show that in all countries there is a significant ‘raw wage gap’, but with noticeable cross-country variation. Decomposition analyses show that the ‘residual wage gap’ (discrimination) is lower in Nordic countries and higher in the Czech Republic, with the United Kingdom, continental and southern European countries placed in between them. Employment characteristics and working hours are the most important factors accounting for the gender gap. Wage discrimination is lower in countries with high trade union density, centralized collective bargaining, family-friendly policies, and high level of women’s empowerment in society.

Gender Differences in Stress Generation: Examination of Interpersonal Predictors

Researchers have consistently found that women are twice as likely to be depressed as men (as reviewed in Nolen-Hoeksema & Hilt, 2009). One possible mechanism for this relationship is that women experience more interpersonal stressful life events for which they played a part in their occurrence, a process called stress generation (Hammen, 2003). The present study investigated two interpersonal predictors of depression—neediness and co-rumination—as mediators of the relationship between gender and stress generation. It was hypothesized that women would report higher levels of neediness and co-rumination, which would in turn predict the greater occurrence of interpersonal stress generation. Baseline levels of neediness and co-rumination were assessed in a sample of college students (N = 364), and depressive symptoms and frequency of dependent interpersonal stressors were assessed weekly for 8 weeks. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze gender differences and mediation models predicting stress generation. Both neediness and co-rumination explained women's higher levels of stress generation. These findings provide additional evidence suggesting that the interpersonal domain is of particular importance when considering gender differences in stress processes and depression.

Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction

Various methods of conscious sedation and analgesia have been used for pain relief during oocyte recovery in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures. The choice of agent has also been influenced by the quality of sedation and analgesia as well as by concerns about possible detrimental effects on reproductive outcomes. To assess the effectiveness and safety of different methods of conscious sedation and analgesia on pain relief and pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval. We searched the Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) on The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL (from their inception to present); the National Research Register and Current Controlled Trials. We searched reference lists of included studies for relevant studies and contacted authors for information on unpublished and ongoing trials. There was no language restriction. The search was updated in July 2012. Only randomised controlled trials comparing different methods of conscious sedation and analgesia for pain relief during oocyte recovery were included. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed independently by two review authors. Interventions were classified and analysed under broad categories or strategies of sedation and pain relief to compare different methods and administrative protocols of conscious sedation and analgesia. Outcomes were extracted and the data were pooled when appropriate. With this update, nine new studies were identified resulting in a total of 21 trials including 2974 women undergoing oocyte retrieval. These trials compared five different categories of conscious sedation and analgesia: 1) conscious sedation and analgesia versus placebo; 2) conscious sedation and analgesia versus other active interventions such as general and acupuncture anaesthesia; 3) conscious sedation and analgesia plus paracervical block versus other active interventions such as general, spinal and acupuncture anaesthesia; 4) patient-controlled conscious sedation and analgesia versus physician-administered conscious sedation and analgesia; and 5) conscious sedation and analgesia with different agents or dosage. Evidence was generally of low quality, mainly due to poor reporting of methods, small sample sizes and inconsistency between the trials.Conflicting results were shown for women's experience of pain. Compared to conscious sedation alone, more effective pain relief was reported when conscious sedation was combined with electro-acupuncture: intra-operative pain mean difference (MD) on 1 to 10 visual analogue scale (VAS) of 3.00 (95% CI 2.23 to 3.77); post-operative pain MD in VAS units of 2.10 (95% CI 1.40 to 2.80; N = 61, one trial, low quality evidence); or paracervical block (MD not calculable).The pooled data of four trials showed a significantly lower intra-operative pain score with conscious sedation plus paracervical block than with electro-acupuncture plus paracervical block (MD on 10-point VAS of -0.66; 95% CI -0.93 to -0.39; N = 781, 4 trials, low quality evidence) with significant statistical heterogeneity (I(2) = 76%). Patient-controlled sedation and analgesia was associated with more intra-operative pain than physician-administered sedation and analgesia (MD on 10-point VAS of 0.60; 95% CI 0.16 to 1.03; N = 379, 4 trials, low quality evidence) with high statistical heterogeneity (I(2) = 83%). Post-operative pain was reported in only nine studies. As different types and dosages of sedative and analgesic agents, as well as administrative protocols and assessment tools, were used in these trials the data should be interpreted with caution.There was no evidence of a significant difference in pregnancy rate in the 12 studies which assessed this outcome, and pooled data of four trials comparing electro-acupuncture combined with paracervical block with conscious sedation and analgesia plus paracervical block showed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.96 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.29; N = 783, 4 trials) for pregnancy. High levels of women's satisfaction were reported for all modalities of conscious sedation and analgesia as assessed in 12 studies. Meta-analysis of all the studies was not attempted due to considerable heterogeneity.For the rest of the trials a descriptive summary of the outcomes was presented. The evidence from this review of 21 randomised controlled trials did not support one particular method or technique over another in providing effective conscious sedation and analgesia for pain relief during and after oocyte recovery. The simultaneous use of more than one method of sedation and pain relief resulted in better pain relief than one modality alone. The various approaches and techniques reviewed appeared to be acceptable and were associated with a high degree of satisfaction in women. As women vary in their experience of pain and in coping strategies, the optimal method may be individualised depending on the preferences of both the women and the clinicians and resource availability.

Public self-consciousness moderates the link between displacement behaviour and experience of stress in women

When stressed, people typically show elevated rates of displacement behaviour – activities such as scratching and face touching that seem irrelevant to the ongoing situation. Growing evidence indicates that displacement behaviour may play a role in regulating stress levels, and thus may represent an important component of the coping response. Recently, we found evidence that this stress-regulating effect of displacement behaviour is found in men but not in women. This sex difference may result from women's higher levels of public self-consciousness, which could inhibit expression of displacement behaviour due to the fear of projecting an inappropriate image. Here, we explored the link between public self-consciousness, displacement behaviour and stress among 62 healthy women (mean age = 26.59 years; SD = 3.61). We first assessed participants' public self-consciousness, and then quantified displacement behaviour, heart rate and cognitive performance during a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and used self-report questionnaires to assess the experience of stress afterwards. Public self-consciousness was negatively correlated with rate of displacement behaviour, and positively correlated with both the subjective experience of stress post-TSST and the number of mistakes in the cognitive task. Moderation analyses revealed that for women high in public self-consciousness, high levels of displacement behaviour were associated with higher reported levels of stress and poorer cognitive performance. For women low in public self-consciousness, stress levels and cognitive performance were unrelated to displacement behaviour. Our findings indicate that public self-consciousness is associated with both the expression of displacement behaviour and how such behaviour mediates responses to social stress.

Women's Empowerment and Gender Bias in the Birth and Survival of Girls in Urban India

Despite improvements in women's work opportunities and educational achievements, women's survival disadvantage is a demographic reality of urban India. A temporal and cross-sectional analysis of the data from the 1991 and 2001 census of India, while reaffirming the positive association between women's employment and the birth and survival of more girls, fails to reconfirm the oft-emphasized positive connection between women's education and increased survival of girls. Relatively high levels of women's education, by being indicative of household socioeconomic status, may be associated with increased ability to discriminate against girls through prenatal sex selection, especially in the presence of cultural biases resulting in low women's rates of participation in paid work, persistence of dowry payments, and lack of women's property rights. As the educational achievements of urban Indian women improve, gender discrimination in the birth and survival of girls may intensify as a cumulative effect of socioeconomic factors continuing to favor sons.

Adiponectin Trajectories Before Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis

OBJECTIVEThe role of adiponectin in the natural history of diabetes is not well characterized. We set out to characterize prediagnosis trajectories of adiponectin in individuals who develop type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn a case-cohort study (335 incident diabetes case and 2,474 noncase subjects) nested in the Whitehall II study, serum adiponectin was measured up to three times per participant (1991–1993, 1997–1999, and 2003–2004). Multilevel models adjusted for age and ethnicity were fitted to assess 13-year trajectories of log-transformed adiponectin preceding diabetes diagnosis or a randomly selected time point during follow-up (year0) based on 755/5,095 (case/noncase) person-examinations.RESULTSAdiponectin levels were lower in diabetes case than in noncase subjects (median 7,141 [interquartile range 5,187–10,304] vs. 8,818 [6,535–12,369] ng/mL at baseline, P < 0.0001). Control subjects showed a modest decline in adiponectin throughout follow-up (0.3% per year, P < 0.0001) at higher levels in women than in men (difference at year0: 5,358 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Female case and early-onset case (age at diagnosis <52 years) subjects had a steeper decline than control subjects (slope difference −1.1% per year, P = 0.001 in females, −1.6% per year in early-onset case subjects, P = 0.034). In men, adiponectin slopes for case and noncase subjects were parallel. The slope differences by diabetes onset were largely attenuated after adjustment for changes in obesity, whereas the sex-specific slope differences were independent of obesity.CONCLUSIONSLower adiponectin levels were observed already a decade before the diagnosis of diabetes. The marked sex difference in trajectories suggests that sex-specific mechanisms affect the association between adiponectin levels and diabetes development.

Abstract 77: Analgesic use in relation to sex hormone and prolactin concentrations in premenopausal women.

Abstract The use of common analgesics, such as aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs and acetaminophen, may be associated with the risk of several hormone-related cancers, possibly via effects on sex hormone and prolactin concentrations. Therefore, we assessed the cross-sectional relationship between analgesic (aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDS, and acetaminophen) use and sex hormone and prolactin concentrations among 2,034 premenopausal women, 32 to 54 years old, from the Nurses' Health Study II. Approximately 84% of women provided timed luteal and follicular blood samples; the remainder provided a single untimed sample. After adjustment for age, BMI, parity, and other potential confounders, acetaminophen use was inversely associated with prolactin levels (ptrend= 0.04). Compared to non-users, prolactin concentrations were 11.8% lower among women who reported using acetaminophen at least 2 times per week (p&amp;lt;0.01). Similarly, acetaminophen was inversely associated with free testosterone, when comparing use at least 2 times per week to non-users (7.1% lower, p = 0.04; ptrend= 0.04). Use of non-aspirin NSAIDs was positively associated with follicular free estradiol, with 13.5% higher levels in women who reported use 4 or more days per week as compared to non-users (p = 0.04; ptrend= 0.11); results for free follicular estradiol were similar (13.2% higher, p = 0.06; ptrend= 0.11) though not statistically significant. There were no clear associations observed between analgesic use and luteal estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, DHEA, DHEAS, androstenedione, and estrogen/androgen ratios. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, none of the associations were statistically significant. In conclusion, our study provides modest evidence for an association of acetaminophen use with prolactin and free testosterone concentrations in premenopausal women, and the suggestion of an association between non-aspirin NSAIDs and follicular free estradiol among those with frequent use. Citation Format: Scott R. Bauer, Renee T. Fortner, Margaret A. Gates, Heather Eliassen, Susan E. Hankinson, Shelley S. Tworoger. Analgesic use in relation to sex hormone and prolactin concentrations in premenopausal women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr 77.