Higher Levels Of Life Satisfaction Research Articles

Are Perfectionists Always Dissatisfied with Life? An Empirical Study from the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory and Perceived Control.

Compared to non-perfectionists, perfectionists may not be satisfied with the growing needs in their lives to the same extent. To test whether perfectionists are dissatisfied with their lives, we investigated whether trait perfectionism attenuates the relationship between basic psychological needs, perceived control, and life satisfaction. A total of 574 college students self-reported basic psychological needs, perceived control, life satisfaction, and perfectionistic strivings and concerns, with a mean age of 19.53 (SD = 1.61), including 299 women and 275 men. A correlation analysis showed that perfectionistic strivings were significantly positively related to life satisfaction, while perfectionistic concerns were significantly negatively related to life satisfaction. The moderation analysis showed that perfectionistic strivings not only moderated the relationship between basic psychological needs and life satisfaction but also moderated the relationship between perceived control and life satisfaction. Individuals with high perfectionistic strivings generally reported high levels of life satisfaction. Perfectionistic strivings, however, reduced the positive relationship between perceived control and life satisfaction. Perfectionistic concerns moderated the relationship between perceived control and life satisfaction-the higher the perfectionistic concerns, the weaker the positive relationship between perceived control and life satisfaction. The study found that individuals with high perfectionistic tendencies are not always dissatisfied with life, but that perfectionism weakens the relationship between basic psychological needs, perceived control, and life satisfaction. We argue that one way to improve happiness is by coaching individuals who are highly perfectionistic to become self-aware of their personality so both their perfectionistic strivings and concerns are more coherent with their values and goals or character.

The Relation Between Helicopter Parenting and Satisfaction with Life in Emerging Adults Living with Their Parents: The Moderating Role of Gender and Age Group

Objective. Over the last couple of decades, a trend of emerging adults living with parents has been rising. However, little is known about the developmental specificities and impact of parenting practices in this context. The objectives of this study were: to compare the levels of helicopter parenting and the levels of life satisfaction by gender (men versus women) and by age group (late adolescents versus young adults); to analyze the relationship between helicopter parenting, life satisfaction levels and age; and to investigate the moderating role of gender and age group in the relationship between helicopter parenting and life satisfaction.Materials and Methods. Self-report questionnaires were administered to a sample of 173 emerging adults (aged 18-29) living with their parents in Portugal. In order to examine differences in helicopter parenting and levels of life satisfaction, Student’s ttest was performed for independent samples. To analyze the association between helicopter parenting, life satisfaction and age, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. To detect possible interaction effects, regression-based analyses were performed; the SPSS macro PROCESS was used to optimize this procedure.Results. Life satisfaction levels differed according to age group, with late adolescents reporting higher levels of life satisfaction than young adults. Helicopter parenting was negatively correlated with life satisfaction, and life satisfaction was negatively correlated with age. The developmental variables of gender and age group moderated the association between helicopter parenting and life satisfaction.Conclusions. Interventions with emerging adults that aim to prevent the negative effects of helicopter parenting and increase life satisfaction must account for the developmental specificities associated with gender roles and different age groups.Key Words: Emerging Adulthood ■ Cohabitation ■ Helicopter Parenting ■ Life Satisfaction

Decomposition of caste differential in life satisfaction among older adults in India

BackgroundBeing a multi-cultured country, India has varied social groups which largely shape the lives of individuals. Literature has shown that life satisfaction is highly associated with the social status of individuals. However, changing age dynamics (growing older) and definition of life among people presses the need to understand whether the additional years of life in older adults are manifested with the disparity in life satisfaction among the Scheduled Caste (SC)/ Scheduled Tribes (ST) and non-SC/ST social groups in recent years. The present study explored the factors contributing to such differences in life satisfaction across social groups.MethodsThis study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India conducted during 2017-18. The analytical sample of the study was 30,370 older adults. Life satisfaction was the outcome variable with a score ranging from 5 to 35. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were conducted. Simple linear regression analysis was used to establish the association between the outcome and explanatory variables. Further, the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition model was used to analyse the role of explanatory factors in the caste difference in life satisfaction among older people.ResultsOverall, the life satisfaction score among older adults in the study was 23.9 (SD- 7.3). Older adults from non-SC/ST group had significantly higher likelihood of having life satisfaction in comparison to older adults from SC/ST group [Coef: 0.31; CI: 0.14, 0.49]. The decomposition results showed that the model explained 74.3% of the caste gap (between SC/ST and non-SC/ST) in life satisfaction among older adults in India. Subjective social status (39.0%) was widening the gap for life satisfaction among older adults from SC/ST and non-SC/ST group. Similarly, level of education (15.2%) followed by satisfaction with living arrangement (13.2%) and place of residence (5.3%) contributed for widening the gap for life satisfaction among older adults from SC/ST and non-SC/ST group. Region of country (− 11.5%) followed by self-rated health (− 3.0%) and major depression (− 2.7%) contributed for narrowing down the gap for life satisfaction among older adults from SC/ST and non-SC/ST group.ConclusionOlder adults belonging to non-SC/ST groups were more likely to have a higher level of life satisfaction than those from the SC/ST group. Factors like subjective social status, educational level, living arrangement satisfaction, and place of residence explained the caste differential in life satisfaction among older adults. In addition, factors such as psychological health and perceived health status should be the area of concern and special focus for policy makers and researchers in terms of reducing social inequalities in wellbeing among older population.

Positive psychology in neurodiversity: An investigation of character strengths in autistic adults in the United Kingdom in a community setting

BackgroundThe positive psychology and neurodiversity movements both aim to promote and improve wellbeing through strengths-based approaches. However, little is known about how positive psychology can support the wellbeing of autistic people. The present study investigated character strengths profiles as a potential tool to identify strengths-based interventions that could enhance wellbeing outcomes for autistic adults. To our knowledge, this is first study to use this method as a possible way of improving the wellbeing of autistic adults in the community in the UK. MethodForty-seven self-reported formally diagnosed (83%) and self-identifying (17%) autistic adults completed online self-rated standardised questionnaires about their character strengths and life satisfaction. Descriptive statistics and correlational analyses were used to evaluate the profile of character strengths and their relationship to overall life satisfaction. ResultsCharacter strengths most frequently reported by autistic adults were Honesty, Appreciation of Beauty and Excellence, Love of Learning, Fairness, and Kindness. Higher levels of life satisfaction were associated with character strengths of Gratitude, Hope, and Honesty. ConclusionsThe most frequent character strengths were consistent with autistic traits reported in the wider body of autism literature, such as intense interests and strong attention to detail. The present study provides preliminary findings and recommendations for potential future strengths-based interventions that could enhance life satisfaction of autistic adults in a community setting. Further investigation with larger samples is needed to replicate the emerging findings on this topic.

Themes of trust, identity, intimacy, and generativity in important autobiographical memories: Associations with life periods and life satisfaction.

Guided by Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the present study investigated whether themes of trust, identity, intimacy, and generativity are represented in older adults' most important autobiographical memories. Furthermore, we tested whether these themes are associated with certain life periods and whether having important memories (i.e., life story) that reflect developmental themes and are evaluated as positive is associated with life satisfaction. One hundred and twelve (59.8% female) older adults (61-92 years, M=70.96, SD=6.81) reported up to 15 important autobiographical memories. Participants rated each memory according to the themes of trust/mistrust, identity/confusion, intimacy/isolation, and generativity/stagnation. Using multilevel multinomial logistic regression, we found childhood memories to be associated with trust, memories from participants' youth with identity and intimacy, and adulthood memories with intimacy and generativity. Moreover, participants who rated their autobiographical memories (i.e., life story) as high in reflecting themes and, at the same time, perceived their memories as more positive showed higher levels of life satisfaction. Important autobiographical memories reflect how an individual became the person of today. They refer to age-related themes of psychosocial development and are associated with a person's life satisfaction if they are also considered as emotionally more positive.

The Physical and Mental Well-Being of Medical Doctors in the Silesian Voivodeship.

Physical and mental well-being are important determinants of medical doctors’ lives, including their professional activity, which has a direct impact on the health and lives of patients. The aim of the study was to assess the health condition of medical doctors from the Silesian Voivodeship. The physical health condition, including the prevalence of chronic diseases, drug therapy, and pro-health activities, was assessed. Data on mental health according to the HADS scale (hospital anxiety and depression scale) referred to the selected socio-economic and professional aspects of life, as well as life and job satisfaction. The doctors most often reported diseases of the circulatory system and diseases of endocrine system, nutritional status and metabolic changes, allergies, and degenerative changes in the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. Chronic diseases and anxiety or depressive disorders affected doctors aged 50–80 years more frequently, and those doctors undertook preventive pro-health activities more often. The higher risks of anxiety and depression were related to their social and professional roles, lower economic status, overweight or obesity, chronic diseases, pharmacotherapy, diets, and chronic fatigue. On the other hand, frequent physical activity, a longer sleep duration, smaller weekly workload, type of rest, a higher sense of job satisfaction, and a higher level of life satisfaction reduced the risk of disorders. The health condition of medical doctors in the Silesian Voivodeship requires decisive remedial actions in the professional and non-professional spheres.

Combination of physical activity and screen time on life satisfaction in adults: A cross-sectional survey.

BackgroundSufficient physical activity (PA) and limited screen time (ST) have been shown to be positively associated with a variety of mental health outcomes. It has been known that PA and ST are independently associated with life satisfaction. Whereas, little is known about the association between combinations of PA and ST with life satisfaction in adults. This study aimed to explore the associations between PA and ST (in insolation or combination) and life satisfaction in adults.MethodsData from the 2014 European Social Survey (ESS) round 7 consisting of 22 countries were analyzed in this study. In total, self-reported data from 40,185 adults were included in the final analysis. The self-administered method was used to collect demographic information, PA, ST, and life satisfaction. The prevalence of meeting PA guidelines (at least 150 min per week) and ST guidelines (no more than 3 h per day) was calculated according to Canadian 24-h Movement Guidelines for Adults.ResultsAdults who were engaged in sufficient PA and limited ST were more likely to report a higher level of life satisfaction. Meeting PA or ST guidelines was more likely to report higher life satisfaction scores [odds ratio (OR) = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.16–1.47]. Compared with not meeting any guidelines, those who met both PA and ST guidelines had a higher OR (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.37–1.76).ConclusionThis study found that participating PA while limiting ST concurrently was linked with better life satisfaction. Creating an active lifestyle is important to population’s well-being.

The Relationship Between Life Satisfaction and Functional Ego States for Elders in Nursing Homes

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between life satisfaction and functional ego states of elderly people in a nursing home. This cross-sectional study sample was composed of 126 elders living in a nursing home who were not diagnosed with dementia. Data were collected using the Introduction Form, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Ego States Scale. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests. The mean Satisfaction With Life Scale score of elderly participants was estimated to be 21.84 ± 5.30 (range 9–33). The possible range of scores is 5–35, with a score of 20 representing a neutral point on the scale. This result indicates that elderly people in nursing home show a higher than average level of life satisfaction. The dominant functional ego state of the participants was found to be Critical Parent (34.1%). There were significant differences in the Satisfaction With Life Scale means between groups in terms of dominant functional ego states (F = 47.304, p < 0.05). Post-hoc comparisons demonstrated that elderly people with a tendency to show more Critical Parent behaviors and communication patterns had lower levels of life satisfaction, and elderly people showing more Natural Child energy had higher levels of life satisfaction (p < 0.05). According to the research findings, the elders in Turkey have adopted a more critical stance over the years and shifted from the concerned, natural, but rational agedness defined in prior studies to a criticizing, demanding, and more rule-making agedness. Having an attitude more spontaneously and authentically like a child can increase life satisfaction in the elderly living in nursing homes. The research devoted to the functional ego states of the elderly needs to be completed with cultural analysis. Determining the dominant functional ego states of individuals while offering health care to the elderly experiencing problems in their personal and interpersonal relationships, and promoting convenient ego states, might render the care more effective and increase the life satisfaction of elderly people.

발달장애인의 장애정도가 생활만족도에 미치는 영향: 재난 안전 인식의 매개효과

Based on 2020 “A Survey on the status of people with disabilities” conducted by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, we identified 7025 development people with disabilities and selected 3820 from this sample, which was used in our study. Our findings can be summarized as follows. Firstly, we found statistical differences in the level of developmental disability and disaster safety across gender, age, self-reported income percentiles, and education. Meanwhile, the difference in life satisfaction was only found in age, reported income percentiles, and education. We also found that men and those between the ages of 30 and 40 were more likely to have a positive view of disaster safety. While those that were self-reported to be part of the upper-income percentile have a more positive view of disaster safety. Meanwhile, the level of education was positively correlated with disaster safety. Secondly, we found that the level of developmental disability has a statistically significant association with life satisfaction. That is, a lower level of developmental disability suggested a higher level of life satisfaction. Thus, both the level of developmental disability and disaster safety had a positive association with life satisfaction. We also found that the low level of developmental disability is positively correlated with disaster safety and that disaster safety is positively correlated with life satisfaction. Meanwhile, the relative effect of disaster safety on life satisfaction was higher than that of the level of developmental disability. Thirdly, we found that the level of developmental disability has a direct effect on life satisfaction and that disaster safety mediates its effect on life satisfaction. That is, those that were reported to have high disaster safety tend to have higher life satisfaction. Our findings provided a few implications regarding the disaster safety of persons with a developmental disability.

Family supportive supervisor behavior and work-family boundary control in teleworkers during a lockdown: Portugal and Pakistan comparison.

The imposition of telework due to the COVID-19 pandemic brought with it the need for individuals to readjust their work-non-work boundaries. In this crisis situation, individuals’ needs to manage these boundaries may have been influenced by contextual factors, such as family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) and macro-structural aspects, such as the country to which the teleworkers belong. This study tests the mediating effect of boundary control on the relationship between FSSB and satisfaction with life and examines the moderating effect of the country (Pakistan vs. Portugal) in the relationship between FSSB and boundary control. With a sample of 108 Portuguese and 118 Pakistani individuals, the results were analyzed using Process tool. FSSB was found to be important for teleworkers to control their boundaries and for their satisfaction with life and this control was also seen to contribute to higher levels of life satisfaction. Differences between the two countries were observed: boundary control mediates the relationship between FSSB and satisfaction with life for Pakistani teleworkers and these workers are more dependent on FSSB to exercise boundary control than Portuguese teleworkers. This study highlights the importance of considering contextual factors when implementing telework. Practical implications are discussed.

The Ecological Footprint of Happiness: A Case Study of a Low-Income Community in the City of São Paulo, Brazil

An ecological footprint is an accounting tool that reports the balance between resource supply and demand to assess environmental sustainability. Among the many available indicators of social progress, happiness reflects how a person feels about their quality of life. We combined these two approaches to assess the ecological efficiency of social performance in the low-income community of Felicidade, in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2019. We assessed the ecological footprint and gross domestic happiness (GDH) through questionnaires. We found that the community has a lower environmental footprint than higher-income communities in Brazil. However, the per capita ecological footprint in the community is still above what is available per person globally. We found that the community has a high level of life satisfaction (GDH = 0.86) and that the main contributor to happiness is health, time use, psychological wellbeing, education, good governance, and community vitality. The results suggest that other contributors unrelated to income are more robust determinants of happiness. In Brazil, despite higher footprints characterizing higher-income communities, further efforts in low-income communities are needed to reduce environmental footprints, ensure dignified income, and nurture the underlying conditions for high levels of happiness and social capital.

The Importance of Institutional Trust in Explaining Life-Satisfaction: Lessons From the 2008 Global Financial Crisis

ABSTRACT We theorize that greater institutional trust leads to higher levels of life satisfaction and test our hypothesis empirically on a diverse sample of 27 countries for the period of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and its aftermath. We used country-level data with a time-series cross-sectional design to examine how changes in institutional trust over the period of the crisis and beyond affected changes in life satisfaction vis-à-vis well-established predictors of institutional trust. We found that institutional trust, together with a subjective assessment of the economic situation, is the only significant predictors explaining life satisfaction during the crisis and its aftermath. The magnitude of the effect of institutional trust demonstrates resilience and did not change due to the crisis. The results of individual-level analysis confirmed this conclusion. The individual-level analysis also highlights that the effect of institutional trust is relatively stronger than the effect of many well-established individual-level characteristics. The main theoretical conclusion of our study is that institutional trust is one of the most important determinants of life satisfaction. Policy makers and international donors should focus on nurturing institutional trust through institutional reforms. From the research standpoint, our findings suggest that institutional trust should be included as one of the covariates in studies on life satisfaction.

Locus of control and subjective well-being: Panel evidence from Australia.

This paper’s aim is to propose a mediation framework and test whether lifestyle choices and social capital are pathways through which locus of control (LoC) affects subjective well-being. Using longitudinal data for Australia, we find that life satisfaction and mental health are explained by direct and indirect effects of LoC. The direct effect is positive, indicating that individuals with an internal LoC have higher levels of life satisfaction and mental health. We also show that physical activity and social interaction are two pathways linking an internal LoC to higher levels of well-being. Our findings provide new insights into the relationship between LoC and subjective well-being and suggest that, if the aim of policy is to improve well-being, the focus should be on enabling people to develop an internal LoC. This may lead to higher well-being both through the identified channels and, more importantly, through the direct channel of LoC.

Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Their Relationships with Ego-Resiliency and Life Satisfaction among Well-Educated, Young Polish Citizens during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ego-resiliency is a set of traits that promotes positive adaptation to life’s vicissitudes. High ego-resiliency helps in upholding one’s personality system when facing adversity and in adjusting it to new environmental demands. Our study aimed at evaluating the connections between ego-resiliency, the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. A total of 604 Polish citizens aged 16 to 69 years participated in the online survey. Ego-resiliency was measured with the Ego Resiliency Scale (ER89-R12), anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and life satisfaction with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Statistical analyses were performed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results revealed correlations between the intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, life satisfaction, and the intensity of ego-resiliency. Individuals with a high level of ego-resiliency tended to experience a lower intensity of anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, individuals with a high level of ego-resiliency exhibited a higher level of life satisfaction. Our conclusions might assist in better understanding the close link between levels of ego-resiliency, the occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and satisfaction with life among Polish individuals experiencing crises.

The ‘Gender Life-Satisfaction/Depression Paradox’ Is an Artefact of Inappropriate Control Variables

Previous research has suggested that there is a ‘gender paradox’ associated with life satisfaction and depression: women are said to have higher levels of life satisfaction on average but also a higher likelihood of experiencing depression. That finding comes from quantitative analyses that include socio-demographic control variables. In this article I show that the inclusion of these control variables leads to biased results. In general, controls are to be selected on the basis that they are antecedents of the focal independent variable (as well as the dependent variable). When the focal independent variable is gender (or, more precisely, sex), no controls are required: there are no determinants of life satisfaction that also determine someone’s sex. If we include socio-demographic controls, we get biased results – because the controls themselves are affected by sex. More precisely: if we include controls (e.g. for income) to discern the difference between women’s and men’s life satisfaction, we get a result that fails to reflect the way women experience specific disadvantages (e.g. lower income) that contribute to lower life satisfaction. The same points apply to an analysis of depression. In a properly specified model (using data from the European Social Survey), there is no difference between women’s and men’s life satisfaction – so, there is no paradox with respect to depression.

Is Transition in Living Arrangements Associated With Older Adults' Life Satisfaction When Preference Is Considered?

In a longitudinal design, the objective is to investigate the association between transitions in living arrangements and life satisfaction with special consideration for preferred living arrangement, and to assess whether such associations are moderated by age among Chinese older adults. Data were from 4 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 2005-2014. Living arrangement transitions (N = 12,654) distinguished coresidence with children and non-coresidence and matched preference. Random effect ordinal logistic models predicted life satisfaction by transitions in living arrangements between baseline and follow-up, transitions in matched living arrangement preferences between baseline and follow-up, and these transitions interacted with age at baseline, adjusting for life satisfaction at baseline. Predicted probabilities for the highest level of life satisfaction for several transition combinations were calculated and the difference was tested for significance. Although matching actual and preferred living arrangement transition is an important factor in determining life satisfaction, actual coresidence with children remains positively significant. Moreover, results show significant interaction effects of the two transitions with age: while the association of life satisfaction with consistent matching gradually declines into older ages, the association of life satisfaction with consistent coresidence increases with age. While preference-matched living arrangement is critical for life satisfaction, especially for the young-old, the role of coresidence becomes more prominent at very old ages when various needs are likely to arise. It is too early to dismiss the role of coresidence with children in the Chinese context.

Social isolation and psychological well-being among older Chinese Americans: Does resilience mediate the association?

Social isolation imposes risks to an individual's psychological well-being. However, few studies have examined the role of resilience on these associations among older Chinese Americans, the fastest-growing aging population across all racial/ethnic groups in the United States. We aim to examine the associations of social isolation with indicators of psychological well-being and the mediating role of resilience in these associations. Data were derived from 398 Chinese older adults aged over 55 residing in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 2018. Psychological well-being was measured by psychological distress, life satisfaction, and happiness. Multivariate linear regressions and ordered logistic regressions were conducted. Social isolation was positively associated with psychological distress and negatively associated with life satisfaction and happiness (all p<0.05). By contrast, resilience was associated with lower levels of psychological distress and higher levels of life satisfaction and happiness (all p<0.05). Moreover, the findings supported our hypothesis that resilience mediated the association between social isolation and psychological well-being. With regard to social isolation, resilience contributed to 32.0% of its association with distress, 24.9% of the association with life satisfaction, and 16.3% of the association with happiness. Our findings revealed a significant association between social isolation and psychological well-being and the mediating role of resilience in the association of older Chinese Americans in Hawaii. The study findings expand our understanding of psychological resources in older Chinese Americans and emphasize the importance of developing intervention programs to foster social connection and resilience among an understudied population.

Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory in Mexican Young Adults.

The aim of this work was to adapt and validate the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI) in Mexican young adults and analyze its psychometric properties. Using an Internet-based survey, data were collected from 307 (64.5% female) Mexican young adults university students (aged 18–30). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the factor structure of the revised Mexican version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI-RMx). Convergent and predictive validity were verified by carrying out correlations with the parent form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale (LSRS), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Results indicated that the SAI-RMx presents good levels of internal consistency and a monodimensional structure, also providing evidence for convergent, predictive, and construct validity. Furthermore, secure attachments were linked with high levels of self-esteem, as well as with high levels of life satisfaction. The SAI-RMx is expected to be a reliable instrument for measuring the global level and the three components of secure attachment between siblings in the young adult’s Mexican population.

RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-REGULATION, STRESS, AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS OF EKAMAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, BANGKOK, THAILAND

Middle school students face various developmental and academic challenges. As these grade levels are characteristically in-between elementary and high school years, the adolescent difficulties may be even more prominent in these stages, pre-pandemic and more so during the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of important variables to individuals in the middle school age group such as self-regulation, stress, and life satisfaction, and to analyze whether these variables differ when students are grouped according to sex, grade level, and socio-economic status which are deemed to be bases of a proposed program. One hundred (115) purposively sampled middle school students in Ekamai International School in Bangkok, Thailand were the respondents of this study. Results indicated that a significant positive relationship was found only between life satisfaction and self-regulation. This study also concludes that students may have a high level of life satisfaction despite experiencing stress. No significant difference was noted in self-regulation, stress, and life satisfaction when students are grouped according to sex, grade level, and socioeconomic status.

Examination of Life Satisfaction in Youth and Sports Volunteers

Background:Today, in industrial society, people may need beneficial activities to increase their physiological-psychological and emotional performances and contribute to their peaceful life. In this study, it is based on the research of life satisfaction of sports volunteers who take part in sports organizations voluntarily. Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the life satisfaction of sports volunteers in terms of various variables. It is very important to determine the variables that affect people's life satisfaction. Methods: Descriptive statistics method was used in this study, which aimed to examine the life satisfaction of youth and sports volunteers who took part in sports organizations in terms of various variables. The sample of the study consists of 390 sports volunteers selected by convenience sampling method. Life Satisfaction Scale adapted to Turkish by Akın &amp; Yalnız (2015) was used. The life satisfaction of the sports volunteers who took part in the sports organization was examined in terms of various variables. The age range of the participants in the sample is 18-40. The sample of the study consists of 390 sports volunteers with 95% confidence and 5% error. The hypotheses of the obtained data were analyzed with the SPSS program. The statistical information of the participants was evaluated by using the descriptive survey method. First of all, the validity and reliability analysis of the scale was performed. The mean score of the scale was analyzed statistically. Research hypotheses were tested with Mann Whitney-U and Kruskall Wallis tests. Results: According to Mann Whitney-U Tests: While there was no difference in the life satisfaction of the participants according to the gender variables, according to the relationship status variable, the life satisfaction of the married participants was higher than the singles. Also, according to Kruskall Wallis Test: It was observed that as the education level of the participants increased, their life satisfaction increased. In addition, there was no difference according to their age classes. Conclusion: This sample group has undertaken these duties in order to produce a certain production in the society and to be useful individuals rather than life satisfaction, and they can get spiritual pleasures rather than material expectations related to age. Therefore, this group is likely to have higher levels of life satisfaction. Keywords: Life Satisfaction, Sport Volunteerism, Youth and Sport Volunteers