High Level Of Efficiency Research Articles

Role of proton exchange membrane fuel cell in efficiency improvement of ammonia–hydrogen fusion zero-carbon powertrains for long-haul, heavy-duty transportation

Ammonia fuel, a transport zero-carbon energy carrier with a much lower life-cycle greenhouse gas footprint than existing fuels and the ability to overcome the storage and transportation challenges of hydrogen fuel, is an effective means of realizing the energy transition for long-haul, heavy-duty transportation such as heavy trucks. Although the efficient use of liquid ammonia fuel cannot be realized directly at this stage, it can be realized indirectly by converting ammonia fuel into hydrogen and combining the hydrogen generated with ammonia in an ammonia–hydrogen fusion fuel supply method. In this study, we assess four ammonia–hydrogen fusion-fueled zero-carbon powertrains for heavy-duty commercial vehicles, each of which is designed to determine its most efficient green zero-carbon fuel utilization scenario at the point of steady state operation as well as over the entire power-demand interval. It was found that the required engine capacity decreases with the increase of the hydrogen energy ratio in the ammonia–hydrogen composite fuel. Considering the indicated thermal efficiency of the engine and the combustion stability in the cylinder, the ammonia–hydrogen composite fuel with 30% hydrogen energy share was selected for the matching design of the powertrains. The study results show that powertrain equipped with engine and fuel cell are more energy efficient than others. The powertrain with range extender consisting of the engine and fuel cell takes ammonia dissociation separation unit and fuel cell as an important part of engine exhaust gas heat recovery, which reduces the dependence of ammonia cracking hydrogen production on electric heating power. By regulating the energy distribution ratio between the engine and the fuel cell, the system can be maintained at a high level of energy efficiency. Under different power requirements of highway application scenarios, the system efficiency is not less than 36%, and the system energy utilization efficiency is higher than 44%. Compared to engine direct drive powertrain, engine range-extended powertrain, and fuel cell range-extended powertrain, the average system efficiency increases by 30.8%, 8.68%, and 14.24%, while the average system energy utilization increased by 41.12%, 25.26%, and 39.43%, respectively.

A Quantitative Study on the Intersection of Personal Competence and Classroom Efficiency in Dance Teaching: A Case of Middle and Primary Schools in Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China

Dance education plays a vital role in fostering creativity, self-confidence, and overall well-being among students. Effective dance instruction requires a deep understanding of the intersection between personal competence and classroom efficiency among dance teachers. However, this intersection remains relatively unexplored, particularly in the context of Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China. To address this gap, this quantitative study examines how dance teachers' personal competence influences classroom efficiency in terms of student engagement, learning outcomes, and overall teaching effectiveness. A sample of 93 dance teachers from 45 primary and secondary schools in Dongchangfu District participated in the study. The findings reveal that dance teachers generally perceive themselves as competent and effective in their teaching practices, with high levels of technical skills, pedagogical knowledge, adaptability in teaching methods, communication effectiveness, and engagement in professional development activities. Moreover, teachers reported high levels of classroom efficiency, including student participation and engagement, achievement of learning objectives, effectiveness of teaching methods, classroom behavior management, and overall satisfaction with teaching outcomes. The study underscores the importance of continuous professional development, student-centered instructional strategies, effective classroom management, and support for novice teachers in enhancing dance education practices. The implications of the findings for practice, policy, and future research are discussed.

Gray mesoporous SnO2 catalyst for CO2 electroreduction with high partial current density and formate selectivity

The mesoporous metal oxide semiconductors exhibit unique chemical and physical characteristics, making them highly desirable for catalysis, electrochemistry, energy conversion, and energy storage applications. Here, we report the facial fabrication of mesoporous gray SnO2 (MGS) electrocatalysts employing an evaporation-induced co-assembly (EICA) approach, utilizing poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers Pluronic P123 (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer as a template for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR). By sustaining the co-assembly conditions and utilizing a thermal treatment technique based on carbon, gray mesoporous SnO2 materials with a high density of active sites and oxygen vacancies can be constructed. The MGS materials were employed in eCO2RR in a flow cell type, which exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity toward formate with a high partial current density of −234 mA cm−2 and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 93.60 % at −1.3 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Interestingly, the mesoporous SnO2 with a 1.5 wt% ratio of Sn precursor to P123 surfactant (MS-1.5@350N-400A) electrode exhibits a high level of Faradaic efficiency (FE) of (98%) at a low overpotential of −0.6 VRHE, which is a seldom recorded performance for similar systems. A stable FE of 96 ± 1% was observed in the range of −0.6 to −1.2 VRHE, which is the result of a large surface area (184 m2/g) and a high number of active sites and oxygen vacancies within the mesostructured framework.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПТИЦЕВОДСТВА В РОССИИ

The article notes that poultry farming is one of the most dynamically developing branches of agriculture, providing the country's population with protein foods: eggs and poultry meat. The high dietary qualities of these types of food make poultry farming a priority, and a high level of economic efficiency – strategic branches of agriculture. The article describes measures for the development of poultry farming in the Russian Federation, as well as priority areas in the development of global and domestic poultry farming. The analysis of the current state of poultry farming in Russia is carried out, the problems of the industry at the present stage are identified, and the forecast of the development of the poultry industry is given.

A Case Study of Nine Post-Hydrocarbon Ready Homes

A typical 2bed dwelling at Howgate Close, after 16months of occupation, has a daily average energy bill of 10pence/day/dwelling [1] It is proffered that Howgate Close may be the most energy efficient group of dwellings of its type, in the UK [2]. Howgate Close is a residential neighbourhood of nine single storey dwellings, operating free of fossil fuels, they are post-hydrocarbon ready. The development is located in Nottinghamshire, UK, and was completed in June 2022. All nine homes are a net annual generator of surplus renewable energy, with little to no heating demand. Six of the nine homes remain naturally heated, with no resort to the electric underfloor heating system. Exceptionally high levels of energy efficiency have been achieved with third-party verification, the As-Built SAP Rating of 143A [3] Such a rating places these homes in the top 0.01% of the 12million registered UK Energy Performance Certificate‘s (EPC) [4]. This paper provides a building Case Study that evidences performance standards making comparisons with the UK Building Regulation Compliance Standards [5] Howgate Close’s exceptional energy efficiency can be described as an aggregation of marginal gains [6] This paper is a prelude to more forensic analysis of Howgate’s in-use building performance, with the installation more advanced monitoring equipment in May 2024 for a period of two years. EWI Pro, Dr Harrall and Nottingham Trent University (NTU) are to undertake further data dissemination, providing a more forensic Howgate Case Study for ISEC 2025.

Research of an autonomous power source for elec-tric vehicles and their charging infrastructure

Research of an autonomous power source for elec-tric vehicles and their charging infrastructure

Transforming outcome expectations into retention among hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study.

To examine the main effects and interaction effects of outcome expectations (e.g., anticipated satisfactory salary and benefits), nurse identity (a sense of membership in the nursing profession), and information-access efficiency of the electronic medical record system (how the system enables nurses to quickly retrieve the needed information) on nurses' retention. This study uses a cross-sectional survey and adopts proportionate random sampling to recruit a representative sample of nurses of a medical centre in Taiwan. This study successfully obtained completed questionnaires from 430 nurses during December 2021 to January 2022. Data are analysed by using hierarchical regressions. Positive outcome expectations and identification as a member in the nursing profession are associated with retention. Information-access efficiency strengthens the link between outcome expectations and retention, while nurse identity weakens this link. Outcome expectations can help retain nurses, particularly those who perceive high levels of information-access efficiency and possess weak nurse identity. That is, outcome expectations have a complementary role with nurse identity in retaining nurses. Nurse managers should devise means to build positive outcome expectations for nurses. In addition, either strengthening nurses' identification with the nursing profession or improving the information-access efficiency of the electronic medical system may also help retain nurses. This study examined how to transform outcome expectation to nurse retention, offering nurse managers to devise new means to retain nurses. STROBE statement was chosen as EQUATOR checklist. No patient or public contribution.

Sustained oxidation of Tea-Fe(III)/H2O2 simultaneously achieves sludge reduction and carbamazepine removal: The crucial role of EPS regulation

Establishing an economic and sustained Fenton oxidation system to enhance sludge dewaterability and carbamazepine (CBZ) removal rate is a crucial path to simultaneously achieve sludge reduction and harmless. Leveraging the principles akin to "tea making", we harnessed tea waste to continually release tea polyphenols (TP), thus effectively maintaining high level of oxidation efficiency through the sustained Fenton reaction. The results illustrated that the incorporation of tea waste yielded more favorable outcomes in terms of water content reduction and CBZ removal compared to direct TP addition within the Fe(III)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system. Concomitantly, this process mainly generated hydroxyl radical (•OH) via three oxidation pathways, effectively altering the properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and promoting the degradation of CBZ from the sludge mixture. The interval addition of Fe(III) and H2O2 heightened extracellular oxidation efficacy, promoting the desorption and removal of CBZ. The degradation of EPS prompted the transformation of bound water to free water, while the formation of larger channels drove the discharge of water. This work achieved the concept of treating waste with waste through using tea waste to treat sludge, meanwhile, can provide ideas for subsequent sludge harmless disposal.

Prototype for automating the irrigation system using the arduino UNO R3 prototyping board for water control

The use of modern technologies in agriculture is essential, especially for irrigated crops, the sector with the highest consumption of water resources. Given this scenario, the main purpose of this paper is to report on the development of a prototype for irrigation, using low-cost technology based on the Arduino UNO R3 tool to monitor water control at specific times. The research has a qualitative-quantitative approach and was validated in a residence in the city of Castanhal, located in the northeastern region of the state of Pará, Brazil. The materials used to make the prototype were the Arduino model UNO R3, RTC module, solenoid valve, relay module, hoses, and sprinklers. The code developed was programmed in the C++ language, with the first test applied at 09h and the second at 16h, with an interval of 10 seconds. The results obtained from the tests showed that the prototype developed has a good ability to control water for irrigation, being turned on and off at the programmed times. It was also possible to see a high level of efficiency in the use of the Arduino UNO R3 prototyping board, as well as effective communication between the components used, demonstrating that technological tools are important for the management and control of water resources. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the objective proposed in the project was achieved, since the use of Arduino enabled the creation of a prototype for irrigation, with efficiency for controlling water waste.

Optimizing Task Scheduling in Cloud Data Centres with Dynamic Resource Allocation Using Genetic Algorithm (TSOGA)

Nowadays, Massive business applications are increasingly giving attention to cloud computing data centres because of its high potential, adaptability, and efficiency in supplying several sources of both software and hardware to support networked consumers. The criteria for autonomy of virtual machines necessitate a flexible resource allocation strategy for Virtual Machines (VMs) .The majority of resource utilization models were inaccurate, making it impossible to determine the virtual machine's energy usage directly from the hardware. Due to the size of modern data centres and the constantly changing character of their resource supply, efficient scheduling solutions must be developed to oversee these resources and meet the objectives of both cloud service providers and cloud customers. Hence an algorithm called Task Scheduling Optimization based Genetic Algorithm (TSOGA) has been proposed to dynamically allocate the resources in pursuit of scheduling the tasks in cloud data centers. The proposed module initially focuses on task scheduling process, followed by optimized running time of task execution. For data centres with dynamic resource allocation, the goal of TSOGA is to efficiently assign jobs to resources while minimizing execution time and optimizing resource utilization. Thus, to manage the data centres while achieving high levels of efficiency in resource allocation, we constructed a virtual node for our research. Incorporation of Genetic Algorithm is to determine an ideal or nearly ideal schedule for carrying out tasks using the available resources while taking into account a variety of restrictions and goals, such as minimizing execution and waiting time of task during dynamic scheduling process and efficient resource utilization.

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan NU Care-LAZISNU PBNU Periode 2016-2022

This research on the financial performance of the zakat management organization (OPZ) is a case study on NU Care-LAZISNU, the Central Board of Nahdlatul Ulama's (PBNU) zakat management institution under the Islamic organization Nahdlatul Ulama. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by conducting in-depth analysis of financial reports for the period 2016-2022. This period covers all years after the institution was recognized as a national LAZ. There are four variables analyzed, namely activity ratios, operational ratios, liquidity ratios, and growth ratios. Each ratio has several derivative ratios. The research results show that NU Care-LAZISNU PBNU has very good financial performance, which means it has the ability to manage ZIS funds with very high levels of effectiveness and efficiency, has very good liquidity, and is able to grow optimally. However, there are several derivative ratios that need to be improved, such as fund turnover ratio and operational efficiency ratio.

The efficiency assessment of budgetary fund implementation in agro-industrial complex

In recent years, the agro-industrial complex has emerged as a crucial sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan, playing a pivotal role in ensuring the nation's food security. State support for agriculture constitutes a multifaceted mechanism encompassing measures that influence the income of agricultural industries, the structure and scale of agricultural production, the agri-food market, and the social fabric of rural areas. Financial resources are allocated from budgets at various administrative levels to support the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. The primary objective is to assess the efficient utilization of budget funds allocated to the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. A combination of economic-statistical, estimated-comparative, logical, and analytical analysis methods was employed to achieve this goal. The results reveal that a targeted agricultural policy, coupled with effective state regulation mechanisms, enables the attainment of high levels of productivity and efficiency in this industry. Nevertheless, despite these successes, the current role of the agro-industrial complex in shaping the economy is deemed insufficient. This is evidenced by indicators assessing the sector's contribution to macroeconomic benchmarks. In conclusion, an evaluation of the current state of development in the Republic of Kazakhstan's agricultural industry reflects a positive growth trend in recent years. However, the agricultural sector continues to be among the less profitable segments of the domestic economy, grappling with persistent challenges that have yet to be fully overcome.

Smart technologies in banking

The article is aimed at the current issues of using smart technologies and innovative approach during evolution and transformation processes in banking. The study identifies the special place of this topic for achieving a high level of efficiency and competitiveness of banks and characterizes the impact of the introduction of technological approaches on the customer base and its perception of banking products. The main functions of banking innovations in this area are analyzed and the justification of their feasibility at the present stage of economic development is provided. A number of the most promising technologies and approaches to banking activities are allocated, namely: contactless payment, digital wallets, biometric identification, person-to-person payments, collective financing, omnichannel banking, interaction with FinTech companies, blockchain, big data, artificial intelligence, smart machines, Internet of Things, behavioral banking, retail bank, application programming interfaces, multi-component bank, open banking, augmented reality, robotic automation, hybrid clouds. The relevance of the identified areas is proved based on their perception by analyzing the popularity of the identified topics in Google search queries using the Google Trends tool. The perception of smart technologies in banking by Internet users in the world and specifically in Ukraine is investigated, which gave grounds to conclude that there is a significant interest in them, and therefore the expediency of further study and implementation in the activities of banks. It is identified that the most perspective technologies are biometric identification, blockchain, Internet of Things, big data analysis, artificial intelligence, etc. Several technologies have been identified, namely, collective financing (crowdfunding), application programming interfaces (APIs) and digital wallets, which are less popular in Ukraine than in the world in general, and therefore require detailed research and study of the relevance of their application in the domestic banking market. Possible directions for further innovative development of banking institutions based on the use of smart technologies are proposed. Based on panel data for 60 banks of Ukraine for the period 2014-2022, the author analyzes the correlations between the indicators of the use of digital technologies and the financial performance of banks and builds regression dependencies of financial indicators of banks on the indicator of the number of electronic means of payment in active circulation. The theoretical value of the study is to identify the most promising smart technologies and innovative approaches to banking business in modern conditions. The practical value lies in studying the level of perception of high-tech innovations in the field of banking services by the active public and identifying further directions for the development of this process. We consider it advisable to direct further research in the context of a detailed study of the possibilities of applying the identified technologies in specific banking products or business processes.

Study of the Development Potential of Geospatial-Based PSEL (Waste Processing into Electrical Energy) Areas

Since 1989, most of the waste processing in DKI Jakarta Province has ended at the Bantar Gebang TPST, causing the available capacity to accommodate waste to approach the maximum limit. One alternative processing that has a high level of efficiency in reducing the volume of waste is the PSEL (Waste to Electrical Energy Management) facility. Planning PSEL facilities in urban areas requires consideration from all aspects. While the space utilization in DKI Jakarta is quite dense and there are no practical guidelines in determining the location of PSEL facilities, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study, namely a study of the potential development of PSEL areas. The purpose of this study is to obtain the location and spatial pattern of the potential development of the PSEL area and obtain the characteristics of the area with the 'Recommended' category as the location of PSEL facility development. This study uses geospatial analysis with the quantitative Weighted Overlay method, where geospatial modeling is carried out by inputting the weight of each criterion (aspects that have an influence on determining the location of PSEL facilities) obtained from the results of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) analysis assisted by a questionnaire tool. The results of the study obtained 2 (two) areas that have High Category status with a total area of 1.52 ha located in Cilincing District and Kelapa Gading District, North Jakarta with the condition that the first area occupies an improper designation zone (Industrial and Warehousing Zone) while the second area has a radius distance of less than 500 m to the nearest settlement and tourist location.

Analyzing the financial viability and technical efficiency of aquaculture farming in Delta State, Nigeria: Lessons from cluster operations

This study delved into the comprehensive analysis of aquaculture farming in Delta State, specifically focusing on the financial viability and technical efficiency of cluster operations. As aquaculture plays a crucial in meeting global seafood demands, understanding the dynamics at the regional level become imperative. The study employed a multifaceted approach to assess the financial viability of aquaculture farming, technical efficiency of aquaculture production. By adopting a cluster based perspective, the research aims to unravel the intricacies of collaborative farming operations, identifying synergies that contribute to enhanced financial outcome. Insights garnered from this financial evaluation can provide stakeholders with strategic guidance for sustainable economic practices within the aquaculture sector. The research draws on a diverse set of data source, including financial records, production metrics, focus group discussions and questionnaire distributions. Statistical tools and econometric models are applied to quantify the relationships between various variables, providing a clear understanding of the factors influencing technical efficiency and financial Findings from this study showed that the price of labour, price of fish feeds and price of medicine had a significant effect on efficiency of aqua farming with a coefficient of 0.5468**,-0.7862**, -0.8896** respectively. The result of the technical efficiency , (25.0%) falls within the 0.71 - 0.8 range, indicating a high level of technical efficiency of aqua farmers. This is followed by those in the 0.31 - 0.4 and 0.51 - 0.6 ranges, each with 11.2% of farmers. In contrast. The result of the BCR showed a significant variation in profitability highlights of aqua farming operations in the study area are more financially rewarding, with a net return on investment (ROI) of 0.58. However, the technical efficiencies and productivities of aqua farmers in clusters were significantly high regardless of how biases were corrected, implying that participation in cluster group is positively related to increases in aqua farmers output.

Compact dual-band metamaterial absorber: Enhancing electromagnetic energy harvesting with polarization-insensitive and wide-angle capabilities

A novel compact metamaterial (MM) energy harvester optimized for Wi-Fi frequencies (2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz) is introduced in this study. The energy harvester exhibits polarization insensitivity and versatility across various incident angles. The energy harvesting (EH) efficiency is evaluated using numerical simulations and practical experiments. The design features ring and octagonal resonators constructed with Rogers RT 5880 Substrate, with each octagonal resonator incorporating a strategically placed gap for lumped elements. The structure's impedance is meticulously aligned with free space to efficiently absorb incident electromagnetic (EM) power with minimal reflection. The simulation outcomes indicate that normal incidence at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz yields high-efficiency levels of 96 % and 98 %, respectively. To validate these results experimentally, we conducted tests in an anechoic chamber using a fabricated 3 × 3 array structure. The results showed a significant correlation between the simulation outcomes and experimental data. The proposed MM energy harvester is highly efficient and shows great promise as an alternative for various microwave applications, such as EH and wireless power transfer.

Microfluidic device featuring micro-constrained channels for multi-parametric assessment of cellular biomechanics and high-precision mechanical phenotyping of gastric cells

BackgroundCellular biomechanics plays a significant role in the regulation of cellular physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, multiple methods have been developed to evaluate cellular biomechanics, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), micropipette aspiration, and magnetic tweezers. However, most of these methods only focus on a single parameter and cannot automate the process at a high-efficiency level. A novel microfluidic method is necessary to achieve the simultaneous multi-parametric measurement of cellular biomechanics and high-precision cellular mechanical phenotyping at high throughput. ResultsTo tackle the issue concerning the low-throughput and cellular single-parameter evaluation, we designed and fabricated a microfluidic chip featuring multiple micro-constrained channels structure, providing a simultaneous multi-parametric assessment of cellular biomechanics, including elastic modulus, recovery capability, and deformability. We compared the biomechanical properties of normal human gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES-1) and human gastric cancer cells (AGS and MKN-45) by the chip. Results demonstrated that the elastic modulus of GES-1, AGS, and MKN-45 cells decreased sequentially, which was the opposite of their invasiveness and metastasis potential, suggesting the inverse correlation between cellular elastic modulus and malignancy. Meanwhile, the recovery capability and deformability of GES-1, AGS, and MKN-45 cells increased sequentially, demonstrating the positive correlation between cellular deformability and malignancy. Furthermore, multiple parameters were used to distinguish gastric cancer cells from normal gastric cells via machine learning. An accuracy of over 94.8% for identifying gastric cancer cells was achieved. SignificanceThis study provides a deep insight into the biophysical mechanism of gastric cancer metastasis at the single-cell level and possesses great potential to function as a valuable tool for single-cell analysis, thereby facilitating high-precision and high-throughput discrimination of cellular phenotypes that are not easily discernible through single-marker analysis.

Resilience, efficiency fluctuations, and regional heterogeneity in disaster: An empirical study on logistics

While resilience analysis can provide important insights into risk management strategies, research gaps exist in terms of logistics efficiency, regional economic environment, and spatial clustering patterns. Therefore, our study capitalizes on the dramatic variations in logistics activities among regions during COVID-19 to examine regional logistics resilience in the disaster and explore potential spatial clustering patterns. We measure regional logistics resilience through changes in performance outcomes, specifically efficiency fluctuation. To analyze spatial clustering patterns, (regional heterogeneity) presented by logistics efficiency, we propose a new multi-stage approach that integrates the data envelopment analysis with the K-medoids algorithm and analyzes data from the Chinese logistic industry. The results reveal that efficiency fluctuations exhibit distinct spatial distribution characteristics, with more pronounced negative fluctuations in areas of important logistics activities nodes and islands, and more widespread negative trends in coastal areas. Moreover, regions with high freight volumes and logistics specialization demonstrate a sustained high level and quality of logistics efficiency. Furthermore, consumption capacity and economic development appear to positively influence fluctuations in logistics efficiency. The findings hold implications for enhancing regional logistics resilience in the disaster and contribute valuable insights to regional logistics risk management.

An image encryption method based on modified elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol and Hill Cipher

Abstract Digital image protection is crucial since images often contain private and sensitive information in business, medical, and military. One of the best techniques for securing the content of these images is encryption. This article introduces a cryptosystem known as the elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman Hill Cipher (ECDHHC) that uses the modified eliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key exchange protocol to generate the shared secret key integrated with the Hill Cipher. An elliptic curve point-based secret shared key matrix using the ECDHHC, which will be used for encryption and decryption, is generated. Thereafter, the input image is split into a set of 8 × 8 submatrices and then changes the values of these matrices by multiplying each block with the secret shared key matrix. The encrypted image is constructed by merging all encrypted blocks. With this combination, the correlation between adjacent pixels in the ciphered image is effectively removed, and the level of unpredictability and uncertainty for the ciphered image is also enhanced. The suggested approach used the key space, entropy, histogram, antinoise attack, differential attack, and correlation coefficient to evaluate the performance of the encryption method. According to simulation findings, the proposed method offers a high level of security and efficiency, and resists attackers.

Novel approach over template molecule elimination in molecularly imprinted polymers by using heat activated persulfate

This study proposes a new alternative for template removal from molecularly imprinted polymers by heat activated persulfate. It is known that trace amounts of template molecule remains in the polymer network after extraction by current methodologies leading to bleeding and incomplete removal of template which could compromise final determination of target analytes especially in trace analysis. A previously developed molecularly imprinted polymer specially designed for Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) extraction was employed as a model to test this template elimination approach. This polymer is based on methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate as monomers and Coenzyme Q0 as template. This coenzyme has the same quinone group as the CoQ10. Selectivity was analyzed comparing the recovery of CoQ10 and ubichromenol, a CoQ10 related substance. Chemical degradation using heat-activated persulfate allows the elimination of the template molecule with a high level of efficiency, being a simple and ecological methodology, yielding a polymer that exhibits comparable selectivity and imprinting effect with respect to traditional extraction methods.