High Level Of Awareness Research Articles

Evaluation of undergraduate dental students’ awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards teledentistry: does a course enhance this?

BackgroundTeledentistry is a part of telemedicine and can be used for dental diagnosis, dental care, consultation, and dental education. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of undergraduate dental students toward teledentistry, as well as to investigate the influence of enrolling in a teledentistry course on these variables.MethodsA structured questionnaire-based online survey (Google Form) was used as the survey tool to evaluate the undergraduate dental students’ awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards teledentistry. All undergraduate dental students during the 2022–2023 academic year, were invited to join this questionnaire. The questionnaire was posted to the students who agreed to answer the survey online. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated using the Pearson Chi-square test or Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact test. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare more than two independent groups. All analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2015, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). The significance level was set at p < 0.05 for all analyses. Explanatory factor analysis and item analysis were used for the evaluation of the validity of the questionnaire.ResultsThere were 293 participants from five classes, with a 36.08% response rate; 190 (64.8%) were female and 103 (35.2%) were male, with a median age of 21 years (minimum 17 years, maximum 44 years). In this study, 37.9% of the participants had heard of teledentistry, 30.7% knew what teledentistry is, approximately one-third of the students were aware that there is a course called teledentistry in our faculty, and only 11.6% took the course. Undergraduate dental students had high levels of knowledge and awareness about the advantages and limitations of teledentistry. Dental students who had taken the course had a more positive attitude towards using teledentistry.ConclusionsEnhancing dental students’ knowledge and awareness of teledentistry could beneficially influence their utilization of teledentistry in their future careers.Clinical trial numberThis study is not a clinical trial involving medicinal products or therapeutic interventions, so the clinical trial number is not applicable.

Parents’ awareness towards preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the awareness and acceptance of preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment among Saudi perents.MethodsThe study used a 29-question questionnaire, covering parents’ demographic data, parents’ awareness of malocclusion and habits, and parents’ acceptance of treatment. It included visuals of different malocclusions, normal occlusion, and specific habits.ResultsParents mostly recognized single anterior tooth crossbite (95.78%) as a problem that need early intervention, followed by skeletal Class II (94.16%) and severe lower incisor crowding (93.51%). Regarding oral habits, parents were most aware of thumb sucking (91.03%), followed by tongue thrusting (84.22%). Ninety seven percent of participating parents expressed high acceptance of early orthodontic intervention, mostly to avoid more complicated treatment or surgery. However, a few parents refused early treatment, mainly because they preferred to wait until the eruption of all permanent teeth.ConclusionsThe majority of parents demonstrated a high level of awareness and willingness to pursue early treatment.

Knowledge and Awareness About the Basics of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Saudi Population.

Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, accounting for approximately 17 million deaths annually, with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) as a significant contributor to this alarming statistic. SCA, the abrupt loss of heart function, is a critical medical emergency that requires early recognition and immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)for the effective resuscitation of victims.Various studies have shown a low level of knowledge regarding CPR in the community.This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of CPR among the Saudi population, identify gaps, and propose targeted health interventions, including education campaigns and training programs, to enhance community preparedness in emergencies and improve survival rates for SCA victims. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from May 2023 to November 2023. The study population included citizens and residents aged 18 years and older from the Central, Eastern, and Western regions of Saudi Arabia to ensure a diverse range of cultural and social backgrounds, with a sample size of 4,932 participants. Data were collected using an online, validated, closed-ended, structured questionnaire distributed via social media platforms, specifically WhatsApp and Telegram. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Counts and percentages were used to summarize categorical variables. The chi-square test of independence was used to assess associations between categorical variables. The unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare continuous normal and non-normal variables. Results A total of 4932 respondents completed the questionnaire. The gender distribution was predominantly female (76.5%, n = 3775), compared to 23.5% (n = 1157) males. The age distribution was skewed towardthe younger population, with 59.1% (n = 2914) aged between 18 and 30 years. The educational level was predominantly university-level (68.8%, n = 3391). The academic specialization was diverse, with the largest group being healthcare practitioners (47.1%, n = 1615). The study found that 44.7% (n = 2203) of respondents had received basic life support (BLS) or first aid training, while 55.3% (n = 2729) had not. Results suggest a trend toward higher knowledge levels. The average knowledge score among the respondents was 7.17 ± 2.37, indicating that respondents answered slightly more than half of the questions correctly. The minimum score in the dataset was 1, suggesting that nearly all respondents had some level of correct answers. The maximum score achieved is 13, indicating the presence of individuals with a comprehensive understanding of the assessed topic. However, there is still room for improvement in knowledge and emergency preparedness among the surveyed group. Conclusion The study found a relatively high level of knowledge and awareness regarding CPR effectiveness, with higher levels observed among individuals with advanced education and health-related academic backgrounds. Additionally, completion of BLS or first aid training was positively correlated with increased CPR knowledge. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating CPR training into educational curricula and public health programs to enhance awareness and improve bystander response and survival rates in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.

A Methodology for Online Situational Awareness Provision in a Business Entity

This paper presents a practical approach to building situational awareness at a critical infrastructure entity and its implementation in supporting security management. It outlines the main factors for achieving a high level of situational awareness and ensuring the safety and continuity of business objectives. Among other things, situational awareness requires precise identification and understanding of multilateral dependencies of infrastructure, services, and processes executed by the entity and services provided by external businesses, resulting from the strong interrelationship of the critical infrastructure sectors and the sharing of resources. Accordingly, this paper presents a cyberspace modeling methodology that supports an in-depth analysis of the causes and consequences of threat proliferation in a complex infrastructure–business environment and its implementation in a Situational Awareness Management System (SAMS). An emphasis is placed on threat propagation analysis and dynamic risk assessment mechanisms and how they are used to identify and take preemptive actions protecting or limiting the scope of the threats’ propagation. The paper concludes with insights from a pilot implementation of the system prototype and directions for further work.

Generation Z, Circular Fashion, and Sustainable Marketing

This study explores Generation Z's perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors regarding sustainable fashion, focusing on the contradiction between their environmental awareness and consumption patterns. Using a mixed-method approach that includes a literature review and surveys of young consumers, the research aims to understand the motivations and barriers they face when considering sustainable fashion options. The key finding reveals that, despite high levels of environmental and ethical awareness, Generation Z continues to prefer fast fashion, primarily due to its affordability and the constant influx of new trends. The premium pricing associated with sustainable fashion is identified as a significant barrier to its adoption within this demographic. The study concludes by recommending that the fashion industry and policymakers enhance transparency, affordability, and authenticity in their practices. By positioning sustainability as a core brand value and addressing perceptions of greenwashing, the industry can foster more responsible consumption patterns among younger generations.

Symbols of the Belarusian Resistance after the 2020 Presidential Election

The protests that erupted in August 2020 in Belarus constituted the largest public outcry against the authorities since the beginning of the state’s establishment. Their distinguishing feature was their participants’ unprecedented use of symbols of defiance. From the first days, protesters stood out for a high level of awareness of the use of symbols and skilful adaptation of historical and cultural references. They resorted to borrowing symbols previously used at home or abroad, using collective memory and producing their own system of symbolism. Belarusian society emerged from the protests significantly weakened. Protest leaders either ended up in penal colonies or had to flee abroad. Internationally, however, the reaction of Belarusians has transformed their image. Before August 2020, they were judged subservient and passive. After that, they revealed themselves as a tenacious and creative nation.

Understanding Awareness, Utilization, and the Awareness-Utilization Gap of HIV PrEP and nPEP Among Young MSM in China.

HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health challenge in China, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and non-occupational post-exposure Prophylaxis (nPEP) are effective interventions to reduce HIV transmission in high-risk populations. This study assessed awareness and utilization levels of PrEP and nPEP among young MSM (YMSM) aged 18-29 in China and examined associated factors. A cross-sectional survey of 2,493 YMSM was conducted across six Chinese provinces in September 2022. Participants, recruited via facility-based sampling, completed self-administered online questionnaires distributed by MSM-oriented community-based organizations. Of all the participants, 2,278 (91.4%) were aware of PrEP, and 220 (8.8%) had ever used PrEP; 2,321 (93.1%) were aware of nPEP, and 209 (8.4%) had ever used nPEP. Education level and having recent male sexual partners were positively associated with awareness of PrEP and nPEP, while self-stigma was negatively associated with awareness for both. Among those who had head of PrEP or nPEP, age, having more than 2 male sex partners, and having a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) infection were positively associated with the utilization of PrEP and nPEP; inconsistent condom use was associated with less PrEP utilization; monthly income was positively associated with nPEP utilization. Despite high awareness levels, the low utilization of PrEP and nPEP highlights missed opportunities for HIV prevention. Strengthening education on their importance, promoting condom use alongside PrEP/nPEP, reducing stigma, and addressing financial barriers are critical steps toward improving HIV prevention strategies and empowering YMSM to engage with these life-saving interventions.

Evaluation of infrastructure Construction Safety Standards and Compliance in Kuwait

This study evaluates the awareness, compliance, and training effectiveness related to safety standards in Kuwait’s construction industry. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed to 132 participants, including engineers, contractors, and project managers selected using stratified random sampling to ensure representation across key demographics, including gender, age, educational level, years of experience, and city of work. The study was conducted over three months, from July to September 2024. Participants’ perceptions were assessed on key aspects of safety compliance, training adequacy, and systemic challenges. Findings reveal a high level of awareness, particularly among younger professionals and those with advanced educational qualifications. However, significant gaps exist in training program accessibility and practical implementation. Compliance levels varied by demographic factors, with project managers exhibiting the highest adherence to safety standards. Challenges such as inadequate enforcement, cultural attitudes toward risk, and limited governmental support were identified as critical barriers to compliance. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to foster a culture of safety in Kuwait’s construction sector, The study also recommends developing comprehensive training programs that combine theoretical knowledge with practical applications, ensuring accessibility for all industry stakeholders. and integrating advanced technologies, such as Automatic Code Compliance Checking (ACCC), to adherence safety standards and improve project monitoring.

Awareness and Practice of Proper Insulin Self-Administration Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Al-Ahsa, KSA

Introduction: This study assessed the awareness and practices of subcutaneous insulin self-administration among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Saudi Arabia. The key objectives were to evaluate patients' knowledge, correlate it with glycemic control, and address gaps to enhance overall patient care for this highly prevalent condition in the region. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, using an online questionnaire to assess diabetes management in randomly selected adult DM patients aged 18-65. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained prior to the study. Results: The study involved 380 DM patients from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Most were female (59.5%) and Saudi nationals (96.3%), with over half married (53.4%). While 42.1% had type 2 and 45.5% had type 1 diabetes, 12.7% were unsure of their type. 38.7% showed high insulin self-administration awareness, and 42.4% were diagnosed over 10 years ago. Patients heavily relied on healthcare professionals (75.5%) for insulin info, preferred insulin pens (91.3%), and adhered to instructions (65.3%). Factors like age, marital status, and medication use significantly impacted insulin practices. Many counted carbs (40.5%) and adjusted doses before meals (41.3%). Conclusion: The current study highlights that 38.7% of DM patients show a comparatively high level of awareness. Carbohydrate counting and pre-meal insulin adjustments are practiced by an average of 40% of patients. There is considerable variability among patients regarding insulin practices.

Autoinflammatory Bone Diseases.

Autoinflammatory bone diseases (AIBDs) constitute a recently identified subset of autoinflammatory diseases. These conditions are characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response in the bones without any apparent etiology. Inflammatory bone lesions associated with AIBDs exhibit chronic inflammation, are typically culture-negative, and do not exhibit discernible microorganisms on histopathological examination. The most common and representative AIBD is chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), which is also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Another variant of CNO, which is typically observed in older teenagers or adults, is known as synovitis, acne, hyperostosis, pustulosis, osteitis syndrome. This condition is distinguished by its notable skin manifestations. Advancements in genetic research have led to the identification of three novel monogenic subtypes within the category of AIBDs. These include Majeed syndrome, pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne syndrome, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist deficiency syndrome. Another monogenic AIBD, called cherubism, affects only the maxilla and mandible. Data on the diagnosis and treatment of these rare diseases are extremely limited. However, if not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can result in significant complications, including severe disability and mortality. Thus, it is imperative to maintain a high level of clinical awareness of these diseases. These rare diagnoses should be considered in patients with musculoskeletal complaints in whom no specific etiology can be identified or in patients with systemic manifestations such as cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms or fever. In such patients, the diagnostic process, which encompasses imaging and genetic studies, should be initiated promptly.

Knowledge of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis Among the General Population in the Hail Region

Background and Aims: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease of the knee joint and can cause severe disability. Successful preventive methods depend on a high level of awareness among the general population. Therefore, the current study investigates the awareness about the knee OA among the general population in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 268 participants were included in the final survey analysis. A 36-item, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data to measure the knowledge level of the participants regarding OA of the knee. Descriptive analysis, an unpaired sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were con¬ducted. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the demographic variable associated with the total knowledge level. Results: Of 268 participants, 61.2 % had a high level of knowledge about OA of the knee. The regression analysis revealed that being female was associated with a higher total knowledge level and that being unemployed was associated with a lower total knowledge level. Conclusions: The present study revealed that people have a satisfactory level of knowledge about knee OA in general. However, further research is needed to increase awareness in the subdomain through awareness campaigns.

Exploring Student Perspectives on ChatGPT: Knowledge, Attitudes, Concerns, and Usage Patterns at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

This study explores the prevalence and perspectives of ChatGPT usage among students at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, encompassing their knowledge, attitudes, concerns, perceived ethics, and usage patterns. A total of 367 students from five faculties participated in the survey, which was conducted via Google Forms. The findings reveal a high level of awareness and familiarity with ChatGPT, with 87.2% of respondents having heard about it and 79.6% understanding its workings. However, significant concerns were identified, including the potential undermining of educational goals (mean = 3.90, SD = 0.95) and negative impacts on creative writing skills (mean = 3.46, SD = 0.91). Ethical apprehensions were also prominent, with 49.1% of students recognizing ethical or legal considerations and 64.8% expressing comfort in interacting with ChatGPT. Despite these concerns, the utility of ChatGPT in enhancing productivity and aiding academic tasks is acknowledged, evidenced by high mean scores for assistance in drafting essays (mean = 3.87, SD = 0.87) and resolving academic doubts (mean = 3.83, SD = 0.85). This study underscores the need for ethical guidelines and controlled integration of ChatGPT into educational practices to balance its benefits with the maintenance of academic integrity and critical thinking skills.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ОТНОШЕНИЯ ПЕДАГОГОВ К ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ СУИЦИДАЛЬНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ УЧАЩИХСЯ

To a considerable extent, the improvement of strategies for the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents is associated with general educational institutions. Teachers are pivotal in this process, as they are compelled to respond effectively and promptly to suicidal behavior exhibited by students, should it be identified. However, due to the considerable demands on teachers' time, the efficacy of prevention strategies is diminished. Consequently, it is crucial to examine teachers' attitudes towards the necessity of implementing such a complex task as the prevention of suicidal behavior among students. The aim of this study is to ascertain the particular nuances of teachers' attitudes towards the prevention of suicidal behavior among students in general education schools. It was demonstrated that the capacity to identify the indications of suicidal behavior and respond effectively in a crisis situation constitutes a crucial element of teacher training. Nevertheless, despite the acquisition of knowledge in the domain of suicide prevention, educators report feelings of apprehension when confronted with a student exhibiting suicidal behavior. Among educational psychologists, the number of specialists experiencing fear and anxiety in relation to such pupils is less, but half of the specialists are afraid to do harm with their actions. With regard to motivation, the results indicated that despite the experience and the amount of knowledge gained on the topic of suicidal behavior prevention, half of the teachers have no desire to help, in contrast to teacher-psychologists who are ready to do so. In a survey of educators, approximately half identified the prevention of student suicide as an important responsibility of the school environment. However, they underestimate the risk of suicidal attempts among students and feel fearful of getting involved in their problems, despite their willingness to integrate themselves into the topic of prevention. Educational psychologists demonstrate a greater inclination to engage in prevention measures, yet they also exhibit apprehension about the potential for inadvertently causing harm to students. It is recommended that a prevention model be created based on an 'organizational core' of professionals with a high level of awareness and willingness to share experiences and provide support to colleagues in the implementation of anti-suicide initiatives.

Digital Awareness, Digital Literacy Skills, and Digital Proficiency of Librarians in Qatar National Library

Objective. This study aims to determine the level of digital awareness, literacy, and proficiency among librarians in Qatar National Library. It seeks to explore the relationship between these variables and how they contribute to service delivery. Additionally, the study aims to formulate an action plan to improve librarians’ digital skills, particularly in digital preservation, digitization, and online services. Methods. The study employed a descriptive-correlational survey method to gather data from selected librarians at Qatar National Library. A structured questionnaire was distributed to assess the respondents' digital awareness, literacy, and proficiency levels. The results were analysed using weighted mean averages and correlation tests to establish the relationships between these variables. Results. The findings revealed that the librarians had a very high level of digital awareness (mean of 3.29), digital literacy (mean of 3.29), and digital proficiency (mean of 3.25). Significant relationships were found between digital awareness and literacy, digital literacy and proficiency, and digital awareness and proficiency. These results indicate that the more aware librarians are of digital technologies, the more proficient they become in applying these skills in library services. Conclusions. Librarians at Qatar National Library are highly aware of and skilled in digital technologies, with a strong correlation between awareness, literacy, and proficiency. However, there remains room for growth in areas such as digitization and digital preservation. Action plans should focus on continuous digital skill development to keep pace with emerging technologies.

Психологические предикторы девиантного поведения несовершеннолетних. Часть 1. Портрет воспитанника СУВУ

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This study aims at identifying psychological predictors of deviant behavior of pupils in special educational institutions (hereinafter - SEI). Based on the selected methodological and diagnostic life position of a minor with deviant behavior model, the individual psychological characteristics of adolescents were described, and a personality profile of SEI pupil was compiled. The study involved respondents (N=465) from 15 SEIs located in different regions of the Russian Federation aged 12 to 17 years (M=15.4; SD=1.2), 402 (86.5%) - male. The results obtained, in particular, revealed formed group cohesion; a slight violation of the needs for control and meaningful existence; a tendency to conventional coercion and justification of aggression; an insufficient level of development of self-regulation processes in stressful, difficult life situations. Attention is drawn to a fairly high level of awareness and interconnectedness in the overall structure of individual regulation of adolescents.&lt;/p&gt;

Assessing the factors militating against the effective implementation of electronic health records (EHR) in Nigeria

This study assessed the factors militating against the effective implementation of electronic health records (EHR) in Nigeria, the computerization of patients’ health records with a lot of benefits including improved patients’ satisfaction, improved care processes, reduction of patients’ waiting time, and medication errors. Despite these benefits, healthcare organizations are slow to adopt the EHR system. Therefore, the study assessed the factors militating against the effective implementation of the EHR system, the level of awareness of EHR, and the utilization of electronic health records; it also investigated the factors militating against the effective implementation of EHR. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among members of staff of the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UNIMEDTH). Purposive sampling was adopted to select the study participants, and a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 27 was used for data analysis, R and Microsoft Excel were used for data visualization. Findings revealed that the respondents had a high level of awareness of EHR with an average mean of 1.29. The study revealed a low utilization rate for EHR (mean 3.01, SD 0.115) and data storage (mean 3.00, SD 0.231), indicating major problems with EHR implementation. Financial limitations (mean 2.63, SD 0.486) and insufficient ICT resources (mean 2.62, SD 0.516) are the main challenges. The regression analysis revealed that EHR utilization is highly impacted by awareness (F = 4.26, p < 0.008), accounting for 15.1% of the variance. Governmental assistance and financial constraints showed a statistically significant negative correlation (r=−0.04, p < 0.05), while inadequate internet connectivity and epileptic power supply showed a statistically significant positive association (r = 0.1, p < 0.05). The results show that, more government support is needed to alleviate financial constraints, and a stable power supply may enhance internet accessibility. The study concluded that epileptic power supply, poor internet connectivity, financial constraints, and other factors mentioned in the study militate against the effective implementation of electronic health records. It was recommended that the management should implement electronic health records effectively for efficient and effective health care delivery.

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Reducing Anxiety Among Women With Breast Cancer.

After receiving a diagnosis of breast cancer, patients may experience negative physical, mental, and psychological symptoms. When excessive and uncontrollable, anxiety can become a pathological disorder. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are psychological approaches that incorporate practices individuals can use to promote awareness, nonjudgmental acceptance, and present-moment focus. We conducted this study to evaluate the effect of MBIs for reducing anxiety among women who had undergone surgical interventions for removal of breast cancer. We used a quasi-experimental design and a convenience sample of 30 women. We used three tools for data collection: a structured questionnaire that collected sociodemographic data and assessed the participants' knowledge about breast cancer, the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, which is a self-reported Likert scale designed to assess core characteristics of mindfulness, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale that measures the severity of an individual's anxiety. The results of our study showed that the majority (n = 24; 79.6%) of women who participated in our training program developed high levels of awareness about mindfulness. We found a highly statistically significant difference in the participants' levels of awareness of mindfulness between the pre- and postprogram evaluations (χ²[29, 30] = 56.143, p < .001), and a highly statistically significant difference in the participants' anxiety levels between the pre- and postprogram evaluations (χ²[29, 30] = 24.178, p < .001). We concluded that implementing a mindfulness training program significantly reduced the participants' level of anxiety. We recommend including MBIs in the treatment protocol for women with breast cancer as a method for reducing anxiety.

Стратегии взаимодействия родителей с детьми дошкольного возраста и особенности представлений о родительстве

&lt;p&gt;This article reveals the problem of the relationship between the strategies of interaction of parents with preschool children and ideas about parenting in the context of studying the phenomenon of conscious parenting. Conscious and responsible parenting is considered as a transformation of the activity of education in line with higher mental functions modeled by society. Strategies of interaction of parents with a child reflect, to a greater extent, the behavioral component, while various ideas about parenting reflect, to a greater extent, the cognitive and emotional component of conscious and responsible parenting. The results showed that in the structure of strategies of interaction with a child, parents prefer explanatory and coping strategies. That is, in the parental subculture, these types of interaction are considered the most approved and acceptable in raising children. These strategies are directly correlated with such ideas about their parenting as the breadth of the value sphere in the field of raising children, acceptance of their own parenting, a positive attitude to the main institutions of socialization of the child and a high level of awareness of the age characteristics of the child. The variability of individual interaction strategies is determined by the nature of the connection between different interaction strategies. The results of the study allow us to develop technologies for educating and supporting parents. Diagnostic methods can be used as a tool for forming the metacognitive component of parenting, enhancing awareness of various aspects of the child's socialization.&lt;/p&gt;

Awareness of right-of-way rules at unsignalized intersections: A case study from Isparta, Türkiye

This study aims to measure the level of awareness of the participants living in Isparta, Türkiye, regarding the right-of-way rules at intersections. A questionnaire was prepared to determine the level of awareness of the right-of-way rules, and a sample of 302 randomly selected participants were invited to respond to the questionnaire. In evaluating the results, participants were categorized into three groups based on their awareness levels: low, moderate, and high. When all questions were considered, it was observed that 24% of the participants had a low level of awareness, 54% had a medium level of awareness, and 22% had a high level of awareness. We established that the least known rules included traffic signs related to yielding and stopping, and right-of-way rules in terms of road priority. According to this, it has been concluded that drivers do not fully understand some fundamental right-of-way rules, and this situation can be a significant factor leading to driver-related accidents at uncontrolled intersections. In this paper, we propose that responsible agencies take measures to reduce accidents caused by violations of right-of-way rules.

Nutrition peculiarities and level of awareness in the issues of rational nutrition of the working population of the Sverdlovsk region

Introduction. The peculiarities of the culture of food consumption and the level of awareness in matters of nutrition of the working population of the Sverdlovsk region have been analyzed, the trends contributing to the formation of irrational nutrition have been noted, and recommendations for preventive work have been formulated.The purpose of the study: to identify the peculiarities of food consumption culture and to determine the level of awareness of nutrition among the working population of the Sverdlovsk region.Materials and methods. A quantitative method was used – an online survey using Computer Assisted WEB Interviewing (CAWI) technology with 2,500 respondents. Quota sampling by gender and age of respondents, with the definition of the territory of residence was calculated.Results. The number of meals inappropriate to the recommendations, predominance of carbohydrate component in breakfasts and low representation of vegetables and fruits at any meal were revealed. The tendency to prepare food at home remains. A high level of awareness of working residents of the Sverdlovsk region on issues of rational nutrition was revealed – 73%, with a low level of awareness of the impact of dietary intake on the risk of chronic non-infectious diseases – 48%.Conclusion. It is recommended to disseminate information on the relationship between nutrition and the risk of occurrence and development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Emphasis is placed on the importance of reading information on food labels to identify “hidden” sugar and salt. At the same time, the importance of informing about the norms of consumption of fruits and vegetables, fish, salt and sugar, as well as about the benefits of following the recommended dietary regimen was emphasized. The authors note the need for a deeper analysis of the reasons for the discrepancy between the criteria “know” and “apply” in the issues of rational nutrition among the working population of the Sverdlovsk region.