High-level Learning Research Articles

An adaptable fuzzy reinforcement learning method for non-stationary environments

How do we know when a reinforcement learning policy needs to adapt? In non-stationary environments, agents must adapt and learn in environments that change dynamically. We propose a finite-horizon model-free solution using a hierarchical learning structure with fuzzy systems. The higher-level learning policy advises the lower-level policy when to start and stop learning based on the temporal differences calculated within the lower-level. Major differences in the temporal difference of each action produced by an agent may indicate environment change. This structure is tested with multi-agent differential games in both the cooperative and competitive aspect. Results show that this method is quick to notice and adapt the policy within relatively few learning episodes.

A STUDY ON THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE TURNOVER BEHAVIOR OF NEW GENERATION EMPLOYEES IN INSURANCE COMPANIES

Along with the rapid development of the insurance industry, the requirements for insurance practitioners are also increasing. From traditional insurance businesses to digital businesses, employees are required to maintain a high level of learning and work abilities in order to face the complex and ever-changing market environment. The advantages of the new generation of employees are their strong work ability and high learning ability, but the disadvantages are that they have distinct personalities and do not attach enough importance to the authority of their leaders. They like to act according to their own style when doing things. Using the new generation of employees properly can benefit the organization, but improper use can cause harm. With the increasing proportion of new-generation employees in the organization, how to effectively manage them, reduce their turnover rate, and ensure the stable development of the talent team is an issue that organizational management should pay attention to. Empirical analysis shows that three influencing factors, namely organizational fairness, promotion channels based on the term target responsibility system, and a highly flexible salary structure, can reduce the probability of turnover behavior among the new generation of employees in insurance companies. The highly flexible salary structure has the greatest impact on the turnover behavior of new generation employees in insurance companies, proving that addressing the material needs of new generation employees can stabilize the talent pool of new generation employees.

Design and implementation effects of SPOC-based blended teaching from the perspective of deep teaching: a case study of EFL students

ABSTRACT While blended teaching approaches are becoming more common in some higher educational institutes, their consistency in aligning with higher-level learning objectives varies The current study aims to explore the design and effectiveness of Small Private Online Course (SPOC)-based blended teaching in fostering deep learning among English as a Foreign Language students in Higher Vocational Colleges in Guangdong, China. We develop a systematically designed SPOC-based blended teaching approach tailored for deep learning promotion and compare it with a non-systematic SPOC-based design. The study then implements the SPOC-based blended teaching approach to promote deep learning and collects relevant data for analysis. Our results show significant improvements in students’ knowledge acquisition, skill development, and overall satisfaction compared to the non-systematic approach. This study provides valuable insights into deep blended teaching and underscores the necessity of a systematic shift in teaching methodologies through SPOC-based blended learning to optimise deep learning outcomes.

Developing 21st century skills through PISA-based assessment-learning tasks

Relevance. Currently, the textbooks used in educational schools in Kazakhstan largely lack tasks that require decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. The relevance of this study lies in addressing a significant gap in the educational curriculum of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to form and develop schoolchildren�s decision-making skills in conditions of uncertainty, and 21st century skills, by drawing up model assessment and learning tasks and assignments for them. Methodology. Diagnostic written work was carried out to identify the success of the developed method for constructing assessment and learning tasks, teaching schoolchildren to solve practice-oriented problems in the experimental (33 students) and control (32 students) classes. Results. Monitoring showed that out of 33 students from the experimental class 22% did not score points corresponding to the mandatory threshold level (13 out of 26 points), 72% achieved an average level of learning (from 14 to 21 points), 6% achieved a high level of learning (from 22 to 26 points). In the control class, 68% of schoolchildren did not reach the mandatory threshold level, 29% reached the average level, 3% reached a high level of development of practice-oriented knowledge. To establish the success of the developed methodology for constructing assessment and training tasks for practical problems, a survey was conducted among mathematics teachers (17 people). The survey results showed that this approach allowed all 17 teachers to successfully create assessment and teaching tasks for selected educational tasks from a mathematics textbook. Conclusions. Experimental studies confirm that teaching schoolchildren to solve practice-oriented problems and assessment tasks enhances their practice-oriented knowledge, including mathematical literacy, 21st-century thinking skills, and decision-making in uncertain conditions. Keywords: decision making; thinking skills; mathematical reasoning; exam

Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi: Analisis Literasi Kimia pada Materi Ikatan Kimia melalui Pendekatan Culturally Responsive Teaching Terintegrasi Etnokimia

This study aims to obtain information and analyze the chemical literacy profile of class X students of one of public high school in Surakarta on chemical bonding material after carrying out differentiation learning with Culturally Responsive Teaching integrated with ethnochemistry. This research used descriptive qualitative approach with post-test only design. The research was conducted on 36 students of class X at one of public high school in Surakarta during 2 meetings. The results of the study showed that the literacy level of students after learning was carried out there were 25% of students classified as high, 56% classified as medium, and 19% classified as low. Based on the results of the analysis on each indicator of chemical literacy, students showed very good levels on all indicators, namely content, context, high-level learning skills, and affective. Therefore, the level of chemical literacy of students is classified as good after learning is differentiated with Culturally Responsive Teaching integrated with ethnochemistry because learning becomes contextual, meaningful, and in accordance with student learning readiness.

BAT: Behavior-Aware Human-Like Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving

The ability to accurately predict the trajectory of surrounding vehicles is a critical hurdle to overcome on the journey to fully autonomous vehicles. To address this challenge, we pioneer a novel behavior-aware trajectory prediction model (BAT) that incorporates insights and findings from traffic psychology, human behavior, and decision-making. Our model consists of behavior-aware, interaction-aware, priority-aware, and position-aware modules that perceive and understand the underlying interactions and account for uncertainty and variability in prediction, enabling higher-level learning and flexibility without rigid categorization of driving behavior. Importantly, this approach eliminates the need for manual labeling in the training process and addresses the challenges of non-continuous behavior labeling and the selection of appropriate time windows. We evaluate BAT's performance across the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM), Highway Drone (HighD), Roundabout Drone (RounD), and Macao Connected Autonomous Driving (MoCAD) datasets, showcasing its superiority over prevailing state-of-the-art (SOTA) benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and efficiency. Remarkably, even when trained on reduced portions of the training data (25%), our model outperforms most of the baselines, demonstrating its robustness and efficiency in predicting vehicle trajectories, and the potential to reduce the amount of data required to train autonomous vehicles, especially in corner cases. In conclusion, the behavior-aware model represents a significant advancement in the development of autonomous vehicles capable of predicting trajectories with the same level of proficiency as human drivers. The project page is available on our GitHub.

Early engagement: The value of MRIT student externs in supporting recruitment, retention, and the future of the medical imaging professions

The healthcare system faces critical challenges in recruitment and retention due to increased patient volumes, post-pandemic recovery needs, and a departing experienced workforce. The concept of an ‘extern’ role, increasingly explored in professions such as nursing, allows healthcare students to take on paid employment in assistive roles in settings relevant to their future profession. The cornerstone of such an initiative is to bridge academic learning with practical clinical support, engaging the future of the workforce in a safe and meaningful way. MethodsAn extern program was piloted at a major urban multi-site medical imaging department beginning in 2022. Over three cohort years, it has explored two types of extern roles (junior and clinical) across three entry-to-practice MRIT disciplines – radiological technology, nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, and ultrasound. In developing roles, compliance with legislative regulations, considerations in defining roles and eligibility criteria, and aligning work commitment with student learning schedules were paramount in informing the program's structure and success.Seventy-three candidates applied to related roles and 34 externs were hired. Benefits/ChallengesBenefits to the program include engagement in clinical and administrative tasks, facilitation of departmental efficiency, and support for the existing workforce. Specific tasks for clinical externs included supporting staff in patient transfers and positioning, cleaning and restocking rooms, triaging patients and demands, calling inpatients and coordinating porters, and monitoring patients and schedules. For junior externs, tasks involved record-keeping, curating teaching cases, and supporting billing code reviews and quality control exercises like lead apron testing. Impacts/OutcomesThe program's value in shaping the future of healthcare professions has been recognized, particularly in enhancing student transition into practice and increasing recruitment opportunities for the host site. Staff overtime hours were reduced, and new graduates who had worked as externs were more quickly able to work autonomously following hire. The program was mutually beneficial to existing staff and future professionals, reinforcing the workforce without sacrificing the higher level learning achieved through university-based preparation for practice.

고등교육 수준 학습인정의 상반된 두 논리

Objectives This paper discusses the two conflicting logics of learning recognition that underlie the higher-level learning recognition system.
 Methods For this purpose, higher education was divided into university and non-university areas and the logic of learning recognition that developed historically in each area was examined. The two logics of learning recognition were analyzed while reviewing the evolution of learning recognition that has developed in the field of university higher education, focusing on degrees and credit systems, and in the field of non-university higher education, fo-cusing on vocational qualifications.
 Results Throughout its long history, universities have established a learning recognition system with the logic of process-based recognition as its core. While various prototypes of higher-level learning and education existed, degrees and credits played a major role in establishing universities at the core of higher education. On the other hand, in the non-university sector, a learning recognition system has been established based on the logic of out-come-based recognition, and is now being emphasized more at the national and supranational policy level. In this context, it is frequent today that process-based recognition and outcome-based recognition logic are combined to build a learning recognition system, and in the process, the two heterogeneous learning recognition logics are showing signs of conflict.
 Conclusions Because the two learning recognition logics of process-based recognition and outcome-based rec-ognition are conflicting logics, it is natural that they primarily show conflicting aspects. Nevertheless, the reason why attempts to combine the two logics in a convergent manner rather than in conflict are being actively made at the national and supranational level is because it is becoming more clear that human capabilities cannot be com-prehensively evaluated and recognized by any single logic. In light of global trends, we can take a critical look at how our society is fundamentally restructuring the learning recognition system by combining the two learning rec-ognition logics. Since the higher-level learning recognition system is a measure that clearly shows how society designs higher education system, it is necessary to deeply examine the conflicting logics of learning recognition and consider ways to combine them.

Cracking the code: using educational gaming for high-level thinking in physiology education.

The multidisciplinary nature of physiology requires students to acquire, retain, apply, and evaluate knowledge from different scientific disciplines. Optimal learning techniques, such as active learning, interleaving topics and conditions, and recall, can greatly enhance the speed and effectiveness with which students achieve this type of higher-order thinking. However, developing and implementing optimal learning techniques in the classroom can be both time-intensive and challenging for the instructor. In addition, students may be resistant or slow to accept novel learning processes. One way to potentially introduce these learning techniques in a fun and engaging way is through educational gaming, or using a game or game elements intentionally to support learning. In this article we present an easy-to-implement adaptation of the Codenames board game for the physiology classroom. The activity requires minimal preparation while addressing high-level learning outcomes. Postintervention surveys of students were collected in three different health-related academic programs, both graduate and undergraduate, at two different institutions. Results suggest that participating in the activity both actively engaged the students and pushed them toward high-level, integrative thinking regardless of class level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY An easy-to-implement word game (Codenames) was used to engage students in higher-level Bloom's thinking about physiology. The gameplay required students to recall, apply, evaluate, and debate as they developed and guessed clues as part of the game. Students found the activity fun, engaging, and challenging. The activity is relatively easy to implement both online and in person, requiring at minimum a simple list of vocabulary terms.

HOTS-Based Learning Supplementary Book for Teaching English at First Semester of Seventh Grade Students

The teachers had not implemented HOTS-based learning well, moreover there were no varied introductory books let alone additional sources that support the learning process in the 21st century. This is very important to note considering that children have entered junior high school and have stepped on a higher level of learning. This study aims to developing a HOTS-based supplementary learning book for 7th graders in the first semester. This research design used the ADDE (Analysis, Design, Development, and Evaluation) model, in which the object of the research was a HOTS-based English learning book. The development of the book was based on the English learning syllabus used. Observations, interviews, document studies, and expert judgments were used to collect data in this study. A teacher in in junior high school was a participant in this study. The study found that this supplementary material book gave satisfaction to the target user. In addition, judging from the qualifications of experts, this product was referred to as a very good worksheet so that it was expected to be useful for 7th grade students and teachers.

The Effect of Concept Map Training on the Process of Study approach in Nursing Students

Introduction: It is very important to choose the appropriate teaching method that can cause meaningful, effective and usable learning for learners. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of conceptual map on the study approaches of nursing students in intensive care unit internship. Methods: This is a semi-experimental study, 36 nursing students of Bandar Gaz Azad University, who were doing ICU internship at Hakim Jurjani Hospital in Gorgan in 2023, participated. The students were included in the study by census method and were assigned to two groups of intervention (18 people) and control (18 people) by random number table. The students of the test groups were trained in the ICU department for 40 hours using a concept map. Questionnaires, including demographic information and revised two-factor study approach questionnaire, were completed before the start of the internship and on the last day of the internship by the students of the experimental and control groups. Data were analyzed using Descriptive and analytical statistics (Shapiro-Wilk, U-Man-Whitney and T. Welch tests through SPSS. Results: The results showed that the average score of the study approach process before the intervention was 65.05 ± 8.18 in the test group and 60.55 ± 2.91 in the control group. Also, the average score of the study approach process in the test group after the intervention (68.83 ± 6.38) was significantly higher than the control group (60.05 ± 2.99) (p=0.02 , t=2.43). Conclusion: The score of the study approach process increased in the people who received training with concept map, so the concept map method promotes the meaningful learning of students and can be used in basic lessons that require high-level learning.

Management of Experiential Learning Loss of Bachelor of Technical-Vocational Teacher Education Students

The study determined how teacher education institutions in Quezon Province manage the losses in experiential learning of the BTVTEd students during online learning. It also looked into the significant association between the participants' determined difficulties and the way TEIs handled the identified losses. The study employed a descriptive-survey research design with correlation using a checklist questionnaire created from CMO 79 series 2017 and statistical tools including frequency and percentage distribution, weighted arithmetic mean, and Pearson r. The study found that (1) articulating and discussing the latest developments in a specific field of practice; (2) mastery of subject matter or discipline; and (3) higher-level literacy, communication, numeracy, critical thinking, and learning skills needed for higher learning were loss during online learning. Most of the tasks associated with preparing the BTVTEd students were moderately difficult for the participants. The school administrators sometimes manage the determined losses, prioritize the safe return of teachers and students in schools, and only sometimes manage to allocate sufficient financial resources for funding an intervention program. The study also revealed a slight association between the identified difficulties in demonstrating higher level literacy, communication, numeracy, critical thinking, and learning skills required for higher learning and communicating effectively in writing using both English and Filipino and how TEIs manage the losses in experiential learning. The study suggests that school administrators should take corrective actions to compensate for the experiential learning losses of the students still in the BTVTEd program. Ensuring that the school-based intervention programs are effective in helping students grasp what they are missing, accelerate their learning, and achieve the skills outlined in the BTVTEd minimum standards program outcomes. Additionally, they should initiate capacity-building training programs to restore, retrain, and retool BTVTEd teachers on how to effectively and efficiently carry out their duties regardless of the implemented teaching-learning modalities.

Organizational Learning Diffusion Processes In Multiple Host Alliances: A Multiple Case Study of 11 Co-hosted Events

This research aims to find out how alliance members influence each other in multiple host alliances. We aim to do so through an organizational learning perspective by studying organizational learning diffusion mechanisms, the level of learning diffused, and interfirm diversity factors affecting these processes. The data were collected from 11 co-hosted monosport events using two sources: semi-structured interviews (n=28) and archives. The results demonstrated that the alliance members received high levels of learning through mimetic diffusion mechanisms in those partnerships where there is a high degree of dissimilar skills. Future co-hosts should focus on building the right match considering their level of skills and their interfirm differences that are conducive to learning. The event owners need to be sensitive to how their coping mechanisms affect these processes and what their potential new role can be vis-à-vis these types of alliances.

ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' MATHEMATICAL CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS WITH A REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) APPROACH TO TWO-VARIABLE LINEAR EQUATION SYSTEM MATERIAL

Students must have the ability or potential as well as a good mathematical attitude, such as the ability to solve problem in solving problems in this Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables material. These abilities include mathematical problems, including the abilities that exist within each student so that they can solve problems in the Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables material. This research was conducted to find out how students solve and apply two-variable linear equation systems at the 10th-grade high school level in real-world problems. This research also examines real-world problems and students' systematic thinking on how students solve or apply mathematics problems in Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables material. This data collection was carried out by examining class x level students at MAN 1 JEMBER with research themes that had been implemented. The application criteria used in this research use journal articles on Sinta 2 or Google Scholar which must be published within the last 5 years maximum. After all the data has been collected, the next step is the data processing process which is carried out by analyzing the data on the class x high school level learning model in real life. The purpose of this research is to determine the abilities of students with visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles and to be able to conclude the application of how students solve mathematics problems in Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables material.

Implementing Change: How Can a Principal Know and Navigate Conflicting Interests Within a School Community?

An experienced principal transfers schools to rebuild trust in the school culture and community after a recent scandal and declining student achievement scores. A district level supervisor opens a way for Mr. Davie, the incoming principal, to offer middle students advanced classes. The principal believes this is an initiative that will boost school culture by reestablishing high-level learning, reengaging teachers, and renewing parents’ confidence in the school. Adding new honors classes could be good for everyone, but what has this principal missed in planning for and implementing this change?

An Elementary Teacher’s Development of Using Representations: Comparing 2 Years’ Teaching in Earth Science Unit

ABSTRACT This study explores a third-grade teacher’s (Deb) developing knowledge and practice for incorporating representations into her teaching of science over the course of 2 years. Data was gathered from the same science unit (Rock Formation) over 2 years, and consisted of video of seven lessons, one of which was the same lesson taught over both years. Also collected were artifacts from the lessons, pre (planning) and post (reflection) lesson conversations for each of the seven lessons, and interviews conducted with Deb before and after her teaching of the full unit each year. The results showed Deb’s learning process of using representations was multi-faceted and incremental. Even with using the same representation forms and/or activities, in the second year, Deb was able to 1) incorporate representations on multiple aspects of teaching such as reviewing previous knowledge, introducing new topics, and assessing students thinking; 2) use multiple representations in one aspect of teaching; 3) engage students in higher levels of learning. These changes were related to Deb’s reasoning of selecting representations, which are described further in the paper. This research contributes to an emerging knowledge base on what teachers know and are able to do with incorporating science representations into their practice. It also contributes to the field of science teacher professional development and the need for considering the multi-faceted nature of teacher learning. Implications for teacher professional development are discussed.

Analyzing the Influences of Puzzle Games on Learners’ Learning

Puzzle games has been one of the essential approaches in education. This paper analyzes its positive and negative influence on learners’ learning, which aims to explore the possible impacts of puzzle games on learners’ learning based on the features of puzzle games. Specifically,the paper focuses on recent studies about puzzle games, learning theories, and any other related topics. Overall,this paper finds that the positive influences of puzzle games include immersive learning, motivational learning, and high-level learning, while negative influences involve low efficiency and declined learning outcomes caused by imbalance. The finding indicates that educational game designers should take these possible influences into consideration, maximizing the positive ones and avoiding the negative ones.

Relevansi Kitab Majmu'ul Al-Mirats Fil Hukmil Faraid Karya Haji Ismail Mundu Dengan Materi Pendidikan Islam Kelas XII

This study aims to determine the relevance between Islamic inheritance law material and the book Majmu'ul Al-Mirats Fil Hukmil Faraid in class XII PAI material. This research was conducted by qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach that is happening today. The focus of this research will be to review the extent of the relevance of the book to PAI material in grade XII high school. The setting of this research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Nanga Pinoh, Melawi Regency. Researchers took samples of PAI teaching materials used during teaching and learning activities. The results of the study found that Ismail Mundu as a scholar had practiced his knowledge in educating the community and realizing a religious and peaceful society. Islam regulates human relations with others, which includes the issue of inheritance. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) brought Islamic inheritance law to change the jahiliyah inheritance law which was largely determined by tribal elements that were considered unjust. In Islamic inheritance rules, the curriculum in the world of education also does not escape to review clearly the basic principles concerning inheritance law, so that inheritance material is poured in the high school level learning package book. The Book of Majmu'ul Al-Mirats Fil Hukmil Faraid is very relevant to the PAI material in class XII, because it also explains the source or basis of inheritance law in it and presents the division and example cases in the material content

The Effect of Question Preparation Training Program that Measures Higher Order Thinking Skills on the Self-Efficiency of Science Teachers

In this study, the aim was to examine the effect of the question preparation training program that measures higher order thinking skills on the self-efficacy of science teachers. The research is in a pre-experimental design model with quantitative origin pre-test/post-test application. The example of the study comprises of 25 science teachers working in public middle schools in Çorum. “Question Developing Self-Efficacy Scale Measuring High Level Learning Level of Science Teachers” was used as data collection tool. Descriptive analysis, difference analysis and effect size analysis were used in the assessment of the data. The t-test for dependent samples were employed to compare the teachers' self-efficacy before the application and their self-efficacy at the end of the application. With the research, it was confirmed that the applied training program significantly increased teachers' self-efficacy in preparing questions measuring higher order skills. Herewith, multifarious proposals were made, like turning the training program into a book, and arranging the content of the in-service training programs by considering the items with low item averages.

The Effects of Blended Teaching and Multi-dynamic Evaluation Model in the Course of Integrated Skills of English

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of blended teaching and multi-dynamic evaluation model in the course of Integrated Skills of English (ISE) in English as a Foreign Language context at tertiary level. Methods: This study employed the methods of calculation of the total course scores, a survey and interviews. Thirty students in a teacher training program in a western Chinese university voluntarily participated in the study. All of them completed the survey and fifteen of them were randomly selected for the interviews upon completion of the teaching practice in ISE course. Results: The results of the study displayed that ISE blended teaching and multi-dynamic evaluation model could significantly improve participants’ learning outcome of the total course scores, promote perceived learning abilities such as self-regulation, communication skills and learning tools using skills. Besides it would enhance their learning motivation in terms of learning autonomy, learning expectations, learning efficacy and engagement. Conclusion: The results showed the blended teaching and multi-dynamic evaluation model had significant effects on improving students’ learning outcome, self-regulation, communication, digital skills and learning motivation. Additionally, this model had no effect on the promotion of higher-level learning abilities like critical thinking and creativity skills. The findings of the study could provide pedagogical implications for blended teaching practice and the evaluation approaches.