High Incidence Of Lung Cancer Research Articles

EP1.17-02 Artificial Intelligence in the Qualitative Study of Pulmonary Nodules by Analyzing the Genetic Map and Imaging Data of Lung Adenocarcinoma

Artificial intelligence is the most influential technology for the future and the hottest research and technology at present. Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality. By analyzing the genetic characteristics and imaging of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, this study aims to analyze the pulmonary nodules in the susceptible population to find the most characteristic. Gansu province is an economically backward province in northwest China, with a poor environment, poor living conditions, low level of medical and health services, mainly rural population, per capita income less than 5,000 yuan, and a high incidence and mortality of lung cancer and esophageal cancer. Most patients come to the hospital for treatment are in the middle and late stage of lung cancer, and often miss the best time for treatment. Even if they come to the hospital for treatment, there is no good effect, and bring huge economic burden and family burden. The early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is particularly important. Artificial intelligence for lung cancer and population census is an economical, convenient and accurate technology, which will bring huge benefits to people”s health. In this study, the imaging data of diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma patients with pulmonary nodules and the gene sequencing and mutation point of pathological specimens were studied by artificial intelligence, and the lung cancer genes identified by NICC were compared with deep learning to produce relatively complete learning software. The software was used to select the selected sample population of people with high risk of lung cancer regions, and then the postoperative pathology of pulmonary nodules highly suspected of lung cancer was input into the database, and the preoperative diagnosis of AI was compared and studied to optimize the software. It is hoped that this study can develop a set of artificial intelligence software with high accuracy and sensitivity, and then carry out early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in high-risk groups. Provide research basis for the genetics of lung adenocarcinoma and the early invasion characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma. This study could develop a set of artificial intelligence software with high accuracy and sensitivity, and then carry out early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in high-risk groups. Provide research basis for the genetics of lung adenocarcinoma and the early invasion characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma.

Relationship between West African ancestry with lung cancer risk and survival in African Americans.

African Americans, especially men, have a higher incidence of lung cancer compared with all other racial and ethnic groups in the US. Self-reported race is frequently used in genomic research studies to capture an individual's race or ethnicity. However, it is clear from studies of genetic admixture that human genetic variation does not segregate into the same biologically discrete categories as socially defined categories of race. Previous studies have suggested that the degree of West African ancestry among African Americans can contribute to cancer risk in this population, though few studies have addressed this question in lung cancer. Using a genetic ancestry panel of 100 SNPs, we estimated West African, European, and Native American ancestry in 1,407 self-described African Americans and 2,413 European Americans. We found that increasing West African ancestry was associated with increased risk of lung cancer among African American men (ORQ5 vs Q1 = 2.55 (1.45-4.48), p = 0.001), while no association was observed in African American women (ORQ5 vs Q1 = 0.90 (0.51-1.59), p = 0.56). This relationship diminished following adjustment for income and education. Genetic ancestry is not a major contributor to lung cancer risk or survival disparities.

Interstitial Lung Abnormalities and Lung Cancer Risk in the National Lung Screening Trial

Some interstitial lung diseases are associated with lung cancer. However, it is unclear whether asymptomatic interstitial lung abnormalities convey an independent risk. The goal of this study was to assess whether interstitial lung abnormalities are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Data from all participants in the National Lung Cancer Trial were analyzed, except for subjects with preexisting interstitial lung disease or prevalent lung cancers. The primary analysis included those who underwent low-dose CT imaging; those undergoing chest radiography were included in a confirmatory analysis. Participants with evidence of reticular/reticulonodular opacities, honeycombing, fibrosis, or scarring were classified as having interstitial lung abnormalities. Lung cancer incidence and mortality in participants with and without interstitial lung abnormalities were compared by using Poisson and Cox regression, respectively. Of the 25,041 participants undergoing low-dose CT imaging included in the primary analysis, 20.2%had interstitial lung abnormalities. Participants with interstitial lung abnormalities had a higher incidence of lung cancer (incidence rate ratio, 1.61; 95%CI, 1.30-1.99). Interstitial lung abnormalities were associated with higher lung cancer incidence on adjusted analyses (incidence rate ratio, 1.33; 95%CI, 1.07-1.65). Lung cancer-specific mortality was also greater in participants with interstitial lung abnormalities. Similar findings were obtained in the analysis of participants undergoing chest radiography. Asymptomatic interstitial lung abnormalities are an independent risk factor for lung cancer that can be incorporated into risk score models.

Research progress in the relationship between depression and survival outcome in patients with lung cancer

In recent years, with the high incidence of lung cancer and mortality, the disease-relevant mental health problems such as depression began to attract attention. A growing number of studies have also begun to hypothesize and confirm the relationship between depression and survival or mortality in patients with lung cancer, and have made some progress in basic research, prospective cohort research and intervention research. In basic research, cancer can cause depression due to mediating the production of inflammatory factors, and the genotype of tumor epidermis growth factor receptor (EGFR) can explain the high mortality and risk of depression in patients with lung cancer from a certain point of view. Different studies in prospective cohort studies argue that depression is an important predictor of survival in patients with lung cancer and need to be further studied. In the aspect of intervention research, although some studies have confirmed the potential of antidepressants in anti-tumor oxidative therapy, there is no enough evidence in psychological intervention and drug intervention to prove their effectiveness in improving the survival outcome of lung cancer. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the possible mechanisms for antidepressants and psychological intervention to improve the survival time of the patients.

Increased Incidence of Lung Cancer Among Patients With Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Risk Cohort for Lung Cancer Screening

BackgroundSmoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer (LC) and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC). Current recommendations for LC screening do not include TCC as a risk factor for determining screening eligibility. In this study we aimed to evaluate whether TCC patients constitute a population who might benefit from LC screening. Patients and MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database was used to determine the incidence, standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and the average time to diagnosis of LC in patients with localized TCC of the bladder (American Joint Committee on Cancer, sixth edition, stages 0-1). ResultsOn the basis of 91,606 patients with localized TCC, The SIR for LC in men was 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-1.97), significantly different from the risk for all solid tumors. The SIR for LC in women was 2.43 (95% CI, 2.22-2.65), significantly higher than for men. The 5-year incidence of LC was 3.2%, and the 10-year incidence was 5.94%. The average time to diagnosis of LC was 3.4 years, with >80% of LC cases occurring within 5 years of TCC diagnosis. ConclusionPatients with localized TCC have a higher incidence of LC than the general population. The risk is significantly increased among women compared with men. Considering this increased risk, patients with early stage TCC might stand to benefit from LC screening. Additional differences were noted between male and female TCC patients, which bear further study.

The Casualties Left Behind in Tobacco's Cinders of Combustion.

This paper 1) defines the scope of tobacco-related health disparities; 2) reviews population-based approaches aimed to eliminate disparities- Medicaid, the U.S. Preventive Health Service Task Force, and the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; and 3) discusses their potential role in reducing tobacco use and lung cancer disparities. The implementation of population-based approaches aimed to reduce tobacco use and chronic diseases has been inequitable. The poor are predominately affected by limited access to comprehensive tobacco cessation coverage. Moreover, lung cancer screenings reveal that those disproportionately excluded are African Americans who have the highest lung cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. The potential impact of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act is unclear, but the proposed rule to ban menthol combustible and not non-combustible tobacco products could potentially contribute to a cycle of addiction in disadvantaged communities. Alternative solutions, including civil rights litigation, should be investigated. Eliminating tobacco-related health disparities is a health, social justice, civil rights, and ethical issue that deserves immediate attention and equitable policy solutions.

Lung Cancer development and mortality in interstitial lung disease with and without connective tissue diseases: a five-year Nationwide population-based study

BackgroundConnective tissue disease associated with interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) alone have same pathological and imaging backgrounds. However, the differences between lung cancer development and the mortality risk between these two conditions are unclear. Incidence of primary lung cancer and all-cause mortality were studied between interstitial lung disease patients with and without connective tissue disease.MethodsData were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Research Database in 2009. A total of 12,787 cases of ILD without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 2491 cases of CTD-ILD were diagnosed in 2009. The cohort was followed up until June 30, 2014. Incident lung cancers and all-cause mortality were ascertained.ResultsThe overall incidence of lung cancer was 165.7 and 161.8 per 10,000 person-years in the CTD-ILD and ILD-only, respectively (rate ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–1.30). CTD-ILD patients in the 40–49 and 50–59 years old age groups had lung cancer incidence rates of 92.5 and 139.2, which were 2.0 and 1.7 times higher than those in the ILD-only, respectively. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in the CTD-ILD group compared to ILD-only group in patients aged 50–79 years. All-cause mortality of women in the 50–59, 60–69 and 70–79 age groups was 2.0, 1.8, and 1.4 times higher in the CTD-ILD group than in the ILD-only group, respectively.ConclusionsCTD-ILD patients aged < 60 years had a higher lung cancer incidence than ILD-only patients in the same age group. Furthermore, CTD-ILD patients aged 50–79 years had higher all-cause mortality than ILD-only patients in the same age group.

Trends and Patterns of Disparities in Burden of Lung Cancer in the United States, 1974-2015.

Background: Although lung cancer incidence and mortality have been declining since the 1990s, the extent to which such progress has been made is unequal across population segments. Updated epidemiologic data on trends and patterns of disparities are lacking.Methods: Data on lung cancer cases and deaths during 1974 to 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Age-standardized lung cancer incidence and mortality and their annual percent changes were calculated by histologic types, demographic variables, and tumor characteristics.Results: Lung cancer incidence decreased since 1990 (1990 to 2007: annual percent change, −0.9 [95% CI, −1.0%, −0.8%]; 2007 to 2015: −2.6 [−2.9%, −2.2%]). Among adults aged between 20 and 39 years, a higher incidence was observed among females during 1995 to 2011, after which a faster decline in female lung cancer incidence (males: −2.5% [−2.8%, −2.2%]; females: −3.1% [−4.7%, −1.5%]) resulted in a lower incidence among females. The white population had a higher incidence than the Black population for small cell carcinoma since 1987. Black females were the only group whose adenocarcinoma incidence plateaued since 2012 (−5.0% [−13.0%, 3.7%]). A higher incidence for squamous cell carcinoma was observed among Black males and females than among white males and females during 1974 to 2015. After circa 2005, octogenarians and older patients constituted the group with the highest lung cancer incidence. Incidence for localized and AJCC/TNM stage I lung cancer among octogenarians and older patients plateaued since 2009, while mortality continued to rise (localized: 1.4% [0.6%, 2.1%]; stage I: 6.7% [4.5%, 9.0%]).Conclusions: Lung cancer disparities prevail across population segments. Our findings inform effective approaches to eliminate lung cancer disparities by targeting at-risk populations.

Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer Incidence in Lebanon.

Background and Objectives: Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cancer in the world. Developing countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, including Lebanon, have witnessed a great increase in the incidence rates of this disease. The aim of our study is to investigate the incidence rates of lung cancer in Lebanon from 2005 to 2015 and to compare these rates to other countries from the MENA region and other regions of the world. Material and Methods: Lung cancer data for the years 2005–2015 were collected from the National Cancer Registry of Lebanon and stratified by gender and age group. Age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated and analyzed using joinpoint regression. Age-standardized incidence rates to the world population (ASR(w)) for other countries were obtained from two online databases. Results: Lung cancer ranked as the second most common cancer in Lebanon and accounted for 9.2% of all newly diagnosed cancers. Lung cancer ASR(w) showed a significantly increasing trend over the period studied for males and females. Lung cancer ASR(w) among males in Lebanon came second after Malta when compared to other MENA countries, but it was among the lowest when compared to non-MENA countries. For females, Lebanon ranked first when compared to other MENA countries but was among the lowest when compared to countries in other regions of the world. The lung cancer incidence rate increased with age in both sexes and 89.2% of patients were 50 years of age or older. Conclusion: Lebanon has the highest incidence of LC in females and the second highest for males in the MENA region. The lung cancer incidence rate is on the rise and older age groups are much more burdened by this disease than the young ones. Several risk factors, particularly smoking, play a role in increased LC incidence among the Lebanese population.

Proteomics analysis discovers biomarkers in serum months to years before small cell lung cancer: The HUNT study.

e20095 Background: The high incidence and high mortality rate of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) calls for identification of methods for early diagnosis. Searching of cancer-related proteins and proteins signature in biofluids is an emerging approach in early diagnostic of malignancies. In the present study we have used proteomics-based profiling of serum collected 2 months to 5 years before SCLC diagnosis to search for early diagnostic biomarkers. Methods: All serum samples in this study were obtained from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) Research Centre’s Biobank. Discovery sample set (Cohort I): Serum samples from 12 individuals that subsequently developed SCLC and 12 matched controls were obtained. Validation sample set (Cohort II): Serum samples from 5 future SCLC patients and 5 matched controls were obtained. The serum samples in both cohorts were collected in a time frame of 2 months to 5 years before diagnosis. All controls included in the study were matched to the cases for smoking status (pack years and quit time), gender and age, and were cancer-free at least 5 years before blood sampling. All subjects were smokers or ex-smokers. Twenty (20) µl of serum was depleted of its high-abundant proteins and the cleaned-up peptides were analysed by LC- MS with an Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. Data were processed/analysed using MaxQuant software. Using Cohort I as training set, proteins most related to diagnosis were identified at first with limma univariate analysis. Reference and equivalent signatures were identified using JADbio with SES as feature selection algorithm. The JADbio matched pipeline with 50 repetitions for performance assessment (AUC with 95% CI) was used. Results: In each serum sample the analysis detected 435 proteins in Cohort I and 609 proteins in Cohort II. Reference signature for 12 SCLC future cases vs 12 matched controls had a conservative AUC of 0.686 (95% CI: 0.557, 0.765) in the discovery cohort. Three proteins in the reference and equivalent signatures were also found to be differentially expressed in validation Cohort II; all three proteins discriminated small-cell lung cancer patients from their respective controls (AUC 0.757-0.826 in the discovery Cohort I and AUC 0.68-0.84 in the validation Cohort II). Conclusions: The results indicate that differential levels of a few proteins in serum may help detecting SCLC 2 months to 5 years prior to clinical diagnosis. This is one of the first large-scale proteomics screening studies of pre-diagnostic serum of future SCLC patients. Further validation studies are in progress.

Lung cancer incidence in patients with schizophrenia: meta-analysis.

Lung cancer risk factors, like tobacco smoking, are highly prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. Whether these patients have a higher risk of lung cancer remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether patients with schizophrenia have a higher incidence of lung cancer compared with general population, in a meta-analysis. Eligible studies were searched from PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify cases of lung cancer in patients with schizophrenia and the general population. This meta-analysis utilised the random-effects model and prediction interval was used to calculate the heterogeneity of these eligible studies. We assessed the quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. There were 12 studies, totalling 496 265 patients, included in this meta-analysis. The data showed that the baseline schizophrenia diagnosis was not associated with any changes in lung cancer incidence in the overall population, with a standardised incidence ratio of 1.11 (95% CI 0.90-1.37; P = 0.31), although there was a significant heterogeneity among these studies (I2 = 94%). Moreover, there was also a substantial between-study variance with wide prediction interval values (0.47-2.64). The data were consistent for both males and females. Up-to-date evidence from epidemiological studies indicates the lack of certainty about the association between schizophrenia diagnosis and lung cancer incidence.

Blockage of TGF-α Induced by Spherical Silica Nanoparticles Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Proliferation of Human Lung Epithelial Cells.

Background. Xuanwei City in Yunnan province has been one of the towns with highest lung cancer mortality in China. The high content of amorphous silica in the bituminous coal from Xuanwei of Yunnan is mainly present as irregular and spherical silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). It has been reported that silica nanoparticles in bituminous coal correlated with the high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei. To explore the role and mechanism of SiNPs in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer in Xuanwei, human mononuclear cells (THP-1) and human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were cocultured in a transwell chamber. Combined with Benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, and 10-epoxide (BPDE), SiNPs could significantly promote the proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and inhibit apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells and induce the release of TGF-α from THP-1 cells. After neutralizing TGF-α with antibody, the proliferation and EMT were decreased and enhanced apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, the results showed that TGF-α in the sera of patients with lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei were significantly higher than in patients with benign pulmonary lesions in Xuanwei and those with lung adenocarcinoma in outside of Xuanwei of Yunnan. Taken together, our study found that SiNPs promoted the proliferation and EMT of BEAS-2B cells by inducing the release of TGF-α from THP-1 cells.

Oncologie thoracique et charge tumorale mutationnelle : vers un nouveau défi pour le pathologiste ?

Among the different promising predictive biomarkers in immuno-oncology, the tumor mutational burden (TMB) may soon impose itself in clinical routine practice, in association with PD-L1 immunohistochemistry testing. However, the TMB is used currently in clinical trials only, in particular in the thoracic oncology field. If this biomarker becomes mandatory in the near future, the pathologist will have to respond to new challenges in tight collaboration with the activity of molecular pathology platforms. Given the high incidence of lung cancer in France, this new development could have a strong impact on the daily life of the laboratories. This review addresses the different challenges which could be soon proposed to the laboratories and the pathologists due to the use of TMB assays on a daily practice.

Preliminary Study on the Biological Markers for I-IIb Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Based on a Serum-peptidomics

背景与目的非小细胞肺癌是发病率最高的一种肺恶性肿瘤，早发现、早诊断、早治疗是其治疗原则，因其发病隐匿，缺乏早期筛查的特异性标志物，多数患者就诊时已处于晚期阶段，导致其5年生存率较低，预后不理想。探索一种敏感的生物学标志物，是目前肺癌诊疗的重点。本文基于差异多肽组学技术，旨在筛选Ⅰ期-Ⅱb期非小细胞肺癌的血清生物标志物。方法利用纳升超高效液相色谱联合四级杆轨道阱质谱技术，比较和筛选正常健康人群、肺部良性病变患者、非小细胞肺癌患者血清中的差异多肽片段，通过对目标肽段的鉴别和定量分析，探寻非小细胞肺癌早期诊断的肿瘤生物标志物。结果通过与人类蛋白质组数据库进行比对，共鉴定到545个多肽，分别来自118个蛋白。将各组样本中肽段的谱图数进行比较，共筛选出201个差异多肽，经定量分析发现峰面积的变异系数（coefficient of variation, CV）≤30%的目标肽段共计7个，其中在各组间呈趋势变化的有2条肽段，分别是肺癌组中表达下调的肽段QGAKIPKPEASFSPR和肺癌组中表达上调的肽段CDDYRLC，它们分别来自于中间α球蛋白抑制因子H4蛋白（ITIH4）和基质γ-羧基谷氨酸蛋白（MGP）。结论将血清多肽组学用于筛选肿瘤标志物的研究，可为非小细胞肺癌的早期诊断提供新线索，其中ITIH4与MGP蛋白水解的特异性肽段是潜在早期非小细胞肺癌患者的血清标志物。

"To know or not to know…?" Push and pull in ever smokers lung screening uptake decision-making intentions.

BackgroundIn the United States, lung cancer screening aims to detect cancer early in nonsymptomatic current and former smokers. A lung screening pilot service in an area of high lung cancer incidence in the United Kingdom has been designed based on United States trial evidence. However, our understanding of acceptability and reasons for lung screening uptake or decline in a United Kingdom nontrial context are currently limited.ObjectiveTo explore with ever smokers the acceptability of targeted lung screening and uptake decision‐making intentions.DesignQualitative study using semistructured focus groups and inductive thematic analysis to explore acceptability and uptake decision‐making intentions with people of similar characteristics to lung screening eligible individuals.Setting and participantsThirty‐three participants (22 ex‐smokers; 11 smokers) men and women, smokers and ex‐smokers, aged 50‐80 were recruited purposively from community and health settings in Manchester, England.ResultsLung screening was widely acceptable to participants. It was seen as offering reassurance about lung health or opportunity for early detection and treatment. Participant's desire to know about their lung health via screening was impacted by perceived benefits; emotions such as worry about a diagnosis and screening tests; practicalities such as accessibility; and smoking‐related issues including perceptions of individual risk and smoking stigma.DiscussionDecision making was multifaceted with indications that current smokers faced higher participation barriers than ex‐smokers. Reducing participation barriers through careful service design and provision of decision support information will be important in lung screening programmes to support informed consent and equitable uptake.

P2.10-14 The Evalution of Relationship Between Radon Gas and Lung Cancers in Trabzon

Radon is a carcinogenic gas and the second most important cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoking. The object of this study is to evaluate the relationship between lung cancer patients in Trabzon province according to the districts and the radon gas exposures with the floor number of the patients resident. A total of 104 patients, who were diagnosed with lung cancer living in the province of Trabzon, included to this retrospective study. Spearman Correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between radon gas and the incidence of lung cancer according to the Trabzon districts. The highest incidence of lung cancer was found with 32.3/100.000 in 2016 and the highest concentration of radon gas was 132 Bq/m3 in Trabzon. There was no statistically significant correlation between radon gas concentrations and lung cancer incidence in Trabzon districts (p=0.446, r=-0.076). We found a low negative correlation between the radon gas level and the floor number of the patients reside in. This difference was statistically significant (r=-0.259, p=0.008).This result was supportive the relationship between high radon gas concentration and lung cancer. Radon gas constitutes about 50% of natural radiation. A statistically significant difference was found between radon gas level and the floor number of the patients resident in Trabzon. There is needed to undertake more extensive studies on this subject throughout Turkey.

Risks and burden of lung cancer incidence for residential petrochemical industrial complexes: A meta-analysis and application

BackgroundLung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Higher incidence of lung cancer may be associated with residential proximity to a petrochemical industrial complex (PIC) due to exposure to various carcinogens, although results from previous epidemiologic studies remain inconclusive. Because disease burden due to residential inequality is a public health and societal concern, this study analyzed published data to estimate lung cancer incidence in association with residential proximity to PICs. MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis on selected epidemiologic studies that met the following criteria: lung cancer incidence was coded by the International Classification of Diseases; exposure groups were clearly defined as residents living near PICs; and confidence intervals were available or calculable from original articles. We further applied a population attributable factor (PAF) method to estimate disease burden attributable to living near PICs in 22 European Union (EU) countries. ResultsMeta-analysis included six studies with a total of 466,066 residents living near PICs in six countries. Residents living near PICs had a 19% higher risk of lung cancer compared to those who lived farther away (95% CI = 1.06–1.32). By sex, risks were higher and more significant for females (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.09–1.54; P = 0.004) than males (RR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.95–1.33; P = 0.173). By location, only groups in Europe had a significantly greater risk of lung cancer with exposure to PICs (95% CI = 1.03–1.33; P = 0.019), although groups in other locations showed similar trends. By bona fide observation, observation of residents for at least seven years provided sufficient latency to estimate risk (RR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.17–1.34; P < 0.001). Regarding burden of lung cancer in 22 EU countries, 494 males and 478 females were attributed to living in the vicinity of a PIC annually. ConclusionsLung cancer incidence is significantly higher in individuals living near PICs. This result provides strong epidemiologic evidence for further policy to regulate potential pollutants near PICs. HighlightsHigher incident rates of lung cancer for residents living close to petrochemical industry complex

Fruit and VegeTable Intake and Lung Cancer Incidence Among Black Women According to Cigarette Smoking Status

This project evaluated associations between fruit and vegetable intake, cigarette smoking and lung cancer incidence among U.S. Black women. The Black Women’s Health Study is a prospective cohort study (analytic cohort = 46,889) among Black women between the ages 21 and 69 at baseline (1995). Fruit and vegetable intake and smoking history were ascertained via questionnaires at baseline and during follow-up. Associations between fruit and vegetable intake, smoking and lung cancer incidence (N = 306 incident cases through 2013) were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Among women in this cohort, 6.1% and 5.6% reported consuming at least three servings/d of fruit or vegetables, respectively. Smoking history was associated with increased lung cancer incidence. Being a current smoker of ≥15 cigarettes/d was associated with higher lung cancer incidence compared to never smokers (HR = 17.4, 95% CI: 11.5, 26.4). Fruit and vegetable was not associated with lung cancer incidence intake (≥5 vs. <3 servings/d, adjusted HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.36). Associations between fruit and vegetable intake and lung cancer incidence did not differ by smoking history. Fruit and vegetable intake was low in this study population, but results do not support an association between fruit and vegetable intake and lung cancer incidence, regardless of smoking history.

Micronuclei in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in a Cluster Area of Salento (Southern Italy) with a High Incidence of Lung Cancer: The IMP.AIR Study.

During the years 2014–2016 the University of Salento performed the “Impact of Air Quality on Health of Residents in the Municipalities of Cutrofiano, Galatina, Sogliano Cavour, Soleto and Sternatia” (IMP.AIR) study, an epidemiological-molecular research project aiming to evaluate early DNA damage in children living in an area of Salento with high incidence of lung cancer among the male population. One hundred and twenty-two children aged 6–8 years attending primary school were enrolled and the frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) in oral mucosa was evaluated. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to parents to obtain information about personal data, anthropometric characteristics and lifestyles (physical activity, food habits, family context) of the children and perform a multivariate analysis to detect any factors associated with MNC occurrence. Data on airborne pollutants detected in the study area were acquired by the Regional Agency for the Environmental Protection. The presence of MNC was highlighted in about 42% of children with a mean MNC frequency of 0.49‰. The frequency of MNC was associated to obesity, consumption of red or processed meat and having a mother who smokes. Moreover, the prevalence of biomarkers was higher than in another area of Salento not included in the cluster area.

Smoke-free laws for reducing lung cancer incidence in Kentucky: warrants further implementation and investigation

According to the latest update of cancer statistics in the United States, lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer death for more than 25 years (1). Its incidence in both males and females is the second highest among all cancer types, with a total of 234,030 estimated new cases in 2018. The 5-year survival rate is low (only 18%), almost the worst of all cancers. Much attention should be paid to the fact that Kentucky is still the state with both the highest lung cancer incidence and the highest mortality during the past 10 years (1,2).