Higher Frequency Of Participation Research Articles

The Effects of a Program Combining Exercise and Music on Promoting Exercise Continuance and Psychological Factors in Older People

Physical exercise can have a positive effect on physical and cognitive functions in older people. However, the elderly often face difficulties in maintaining exercise routines. Music is reported to effectively improve the subjective experience of physical exercise’s intensity, execution, and enhanced capacity related to a sense of accomplishment. We aimed to investigate whether adding music to physical exercise promoted exercise continuance compared with physical exercise alone. The participants were 74 community-dwelling older people who independently maintained activities of daily living. They were either assigned to a music group (MG) or non-music group (NMG). Exercise classes were held once a week for 3 months. The number of times participants participated in the exercise classes, and the number of times they performed exercises at home was assessed. In addition, each participant completed a set of questionnaires assessing exercise self-efficacy (SE) and quality of life before and immediately after the 3-month intervention. After the 3-month intervention, the MG had a significantly higher frequency of participation in the exercise classes and a significantly higher exercise SE score compared with the NMG. Our results show that the combination of physical exercise and music was beneficial for exercise continuance and exercise SE compared with physical exercise alone. Keywords: music, exercise, continuance, exercise self-efficacy, independent older people.

Participation in recreational activities buffers the impact of perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder.

As the number of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) grows, the need to identify modifiable correlates of positive outcomes and quality of life (QoL) gains in importance. Research indicates that perceived stress is significantly correlated with QoL in adults with ASD. Studies in the general population of individuals without disabilities indicate that greater participation in social and recreational activities may lessen the negative impact of perceived stress on well-being, and this association may also hold among adults with ASD. We hypothesized that: (1) perceived stress would be negatively associated with QoL; and (2) higher frequency of participation in social activities and recreational activities would moderate the relationship between perceived stress and QoL. We used data collected from 60 adults with ASD aged 24-55 and their mothers to address our hypotheses. Findings indicate that adults with ASD with higher perceived stress are likely to have poorer QoL. Furthermore, greater participation in recreational activities buffers the impact of perceived stress on QoL, but no buffering effect was observed for participation in social activities. These findings suggest that interventions and services that provide supports and opportunities for participation in recreational activities may help adults with ASD manage their stress and lead to better QoL. Autism Res 2017, 10: 973-982. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

노인의 걷기운동에 따른 참여만족과 주관적 웰빙에 관한 연구

Purpose of this study is to determine the degree of participation and satisfaction with the participation of seniors walking exercise and identify forms of participation and involvement in the current situation of the elderly in walking exercise to investigate the affect on the subjective sense of well-being.BR In accordance with the study being conducted themselves in the field walking in the river and park elsewhere which is widely used as a walking course in the elderly population with a cod urban areas through Stratified Random Sampling Method residing in Daegu the elderly support were selected as the target.BR The response was so self-administration method. A total of 350 were distributed, and the response of insincerity or materials, except for the poor questionnaire was adopted with 339 parts of the rest of the real data of the present study.BR That were analyzed using the following methods, depending on the purpose of analysis using the SPSS 22.0 program. BR This result is in accordance with the following: BR First, Walking term research involved analysis of the results in the form of an old man walking involved an d the exercise was found to participate actively in the elderly is 67.3% with athletic career, more than three years. Participation frequency was found very high frequency of participation, daily walks, participants are 156 people 46.0%. Participation wake time appear very high, less than an hour to two hours later, there were 168 people accounted for 49.6%. Participation zone is ‘carried out in the afternoon after lunch time’ is found to be 53.1% 180 people. Exercise intensity that most participants ‘suitable’ (273 patients, 80.5%) and was the answer. BR Second, Looking at the participation of physical satisfaction Satisfaction with the participation period, and emotional satisfaction also was not significant, there was no significant difference in social satisfaction. BR The higher the frequency of participation satisfaction of participation participation frequency was higher satisfaction of all sub-factors. In addition, participation of participation time satisfaction of physical, emotional , showing a significant difference in the social sub-factors. BR Third, Walking satisfaction participate in this sub-factor positive result to determine the effect on subjective well-being feeling a sense of well-being physical, emotional and social satisfaction, appeared to be a significant impact on both the negative sense of emotional well-being, social satisfaction in a significant impact showed that the effect was not statistically significant influence of physical satisfaction.

Population estimates of Australian children's exposure to food and beverage sponsorship of sports clubs

Sponsorship by manufacturers of unhealthy food can undermine the health promoting goals of sport. This study aimed to describe Australian children's exposure to organised sport, and compare time spent in specific sports with patterns of sponsorship of children's sport identified in previous studies. Cross-sectional survey on children's sport participation collected by proxy report using a random-digit-dialling survey of 3416 parents. Data from the 2009/10 Australian Sports Commission's Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey were used to calculate weekly total person-time exposure to sports for Australian children, as a product of median weekly exposure (minutes) and the number of children participating. Exposures for children in NSW were calculated based on population distribution. Based on a previous survey of sport clubs in NSW, cumulative weekly exposure to food/beverage sponsorship at sports clubs was estimated for children living in NSW. 77.3% of Australian children aged 5-14 participated in organised sport. In NSW, weekly total person-time exposure for children was highest for outdoor soccer (91,200 children×median frequency of 2 sessions per week of 1h duration=182,400h/week). Considering rates of sponsorship at different sports, children would be exposed to food/beverage sponsorship to the greatest extent for rugby league and outdoor cricket. Children's high frequency of participation in organised sport and time spent engaging in these activities highlights the potentially huge reach of food/beverage sponsorship promotions. Policy interventions to limit children's exposure to this sponsorship should target those sports that have both the highest levels of children's participation and food/beverage sponsorship arrangements.

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year! The impact of Christmas rituals on subjective well-being and family's emotional climate

This study assessed subjective well-being before and after Christmas and New Year holidays. In contradiction to lay beliefs about these holidays, stress and conflict caused by its experience was weak, while participation in rituals was high and satisfactory, and positive emotions were dominant. High frequency of participation in ritualised family celebrations increased positive well-being: satisfaction with life, perceived social well-being, and the balance of affective well-being. Satisfaction with rituals had an impact on positive affect, satisfaction with life and positive family climate, while participation frequency was more relevant for social support and lower loneliness level. Conflict experienced during Christmas increased negative affect and negative emotional family climate, while it undermined positive affect, satisfaction with life and social well-being.

The Range of Thoracic-Lumbar Segment of Spine Mobility in Saggital and Transverse Plane among Young Men Divided into Three Groups Differing in the Current Commitment to Physical Activity

The aim of the study was to compare the mobility of the thoracic-lumbar segment of the spine and the mobility of its separate segments – the thoracic and lumbar ones in the saggital and transverse plane among young men divided into three groups that differ in the current commitment to physical activity. 135 young men – students of Physical Education Faculty and of Tourism and Recrea tion Faculty at the Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdansk as well as students from the University of Gdansk aged 21-22 who did not participate actively in any sports discipline were involved in the study. In the saggital plane in the range of bending the torso forwards the flexibility of the thoracic-lumbar segment of the spine was tested according to Wolanski’s assumptions, the flexibility of the thoracic segment of the spine with Otto and Wurm’s test and the lumbar segment of the spine with Schober’s test. In the transverse plane in the range of torso twist to the right and to the left the mobility of the thoracic-lumbar segment of the spine and the lumbar segment were examined with the usage of Pavelek’s tests. In the saggital plane of the body among men from individual groups, the mobility of the thoracic-lumbar and lumbar segments of the spine during bend forwards was in the norm and above it, whereas the mobility of the thoracic segment of the spine was above the norm. In the transverse plane the range of the spine movement in the thoracic-lumbar and the lumbar spine to the right and left was similar among all the tested men, whereas the range of the thoracic-lumbar segment movement was above and of the lumbar segment below the norm. The students from Physical Education Faculty were characterised as having the highest flexibility of the thoracic-lumbar segment of the spine in the saggital plane in comparison with other students’ flexibility . Against the background of the other groups the students of Tourism and Recreation Faculty demonstrated the highest mobility of the lumbar spine in the saggital plane. The stated differences were statistically significant. Higher frequency of participation in physical exercises and their longer duration among the students of Physical Education (PE) in comparison with the other groups did not influence significantly the range of their spine mobility apart from the range of bend forwards of the whole thoracic-lumbar segment of the spine in the saggital plane.

Variabilidade no envelhecimento ativo segundo gênero, idade e saúde

O presente estudo analisou a relação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde e participação em atividades físicas e ocupacionais. A amostra foi constituída de 155 idosos (60 anos ou mais) entrevistados pelo Estudo PENSA (Estudo dos Processos de Envelhecimento Saudável) na comunidade de Juiz de Fora/MG, sendo 28% homens e 72% mulheres, com média de 70,25 anos de idade (DP = 8,21). Para levantamento das variáveis analisadas foi utilizado o autorrelato. Observou-se que os homens eram mais participativos em atividades físicas e as mulheres em atividades ocupacionais, como tarefas de casa e voluntariado. Maior realização das atividades ocupacionais esteve associada à maior escolaridade, renda familiar e capacidade funcional. Diferentemente, a idade não se destacou como determinante de um estilo de vida ativo. Esse estudo demonstrou uma variabilidade de envelhecimento ativo na população estudada, segundo o gênero, e as variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde, destacando as implicações do estilo de vida de idosos brasileiros no processo de envelhecimento saudável.

It's Never Too Late to Engage in Lifestyle Activities: Significant Concurrent but not Change Relationships Between Lifestyle Activities and Cognitive Speed

Little is known about potential longitudinal relationships between participation in social, physical, and intellectual activities and later cognitive performance. Data from the Victoria Longitudinal Study (n = 530) were used to test whether baseline and change in lifestyle engagement were related to corresponding indicators of cognitive speed (measured by mean-level and intraindividual variability). Regressions based on random effects model estimates showed that cross-sectional activity participation predicted corresponding values of both mean-level and intraindividual variability, but few longitudinal relationships were significant. Overall, a higher frequency of participation in cognitively complex activities was related to faster response times and lower intraindividual variability. Findings suggest that activity level at one point in time may be a more important predictor of cognition than an individual's changes in activity level.

Relation of physical activity to risk of testicular cancer.

In North America and most Western European countries, testicular cancer is often cited as the most common cancer among young and middle-aged men, and yet few studies have examined the relation between modifiable factors and testicular cancer risk. Data collected between 1995 and 1996 in Ontario, Canada, as part of the Enhanced Cancer Surveillance Study were used to examine the relation between the frequency of recreational, and intensity of occupational, physical activity at various life periods, including cumulative and averaged lifetime activity and risk of testicular cancer. Analysis of 212 cases and 251 controls revealed that relatively high frequency of participation in moderate and strenuous recreational activity in the midteens may have an adverse effect on risk of testicular cancer (odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 4.64 for moderate activity of greater than five times a week compared with three times or less a month and odds ratio = 2.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 5.85 for strenuous activity of greater than five times a week compared with less than once a month). Moderate or strenuous occupational demands in one's 20s also increased risk of disease.

COUNSELING FREQUENCY AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OUTPATIENT DRUG TREATMENT: REVISITING THE CONCLUSION THAT “MORE IS BETTER”

Replicating and extending previous research, findings from a prospective investigation of outpatient drug treatment (n = 356) indicate that higher frequency of participation in group counseling during treatment predicts higher rates of alcohol and drug abstinence even for those who complete the 6-month treatment program and maintain weekly or more frequent attendance of 12-step meetings during and after treatment. Greater length of group and individual counseling sessions, however, is not associated with higher rates of abstinence, and contrary to previous research, the modest but statistically significant association between the frequency of individual counseling and abstinence was not replicated. With respect to treatment completion, regular attendance at 12-step meetings, and frequent participation in group counseling while in treatment, the evidence suggests that “more is better.”

Relation of physical activity to risk of testicular cancer.

In North America and most Western European countries, testicular cancer is often cited as the most common cancer among young and middle-aged men, and yet few studies have examined the relation between modifiable factors and testicular cancer risk. Data collected between 1995 and 1996 in Ontario, Canada, as part of the Enhanced Cancer Surveillance Study were used to examine the relation between the frequency of recreational, and intensity of occupational, physical activity at various life periods, including cumulative and averaged lifetime activity and risk of testicular cancer. Analysis of 212 cases and 251 controls revealed that relatively high frequency of participation in moderate and strenuous recreational activity in the midteens may have an adverse effect on risk of testicular cancer (odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 4.64 for moderate activity of greater than five times a week compared with three times or less a month and odds ratio = 2.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 5.85 for strenuous activity of greater than five times a week compared with less than once a month). Moderate or strenuous occupational demands in one's 20s also increased risk of disease.

Understanding of growth monitoring charts by literate and illiterate mothers in northeast Brazil.

Growth failure secondary to malnutrition occurs with a high prevalence in the developing world. Growth monitoring (GM) is one of the key primary health care strategies for controlling this problem. To assess the impact of literacy on the ability to interpret growth monitoring information the understanding of sample growth charts was evaluated among mothers in two communities of Fortaleza where growth monitoring programs had been promoted for several years. Homes were sequentially visited to identify families with children under 5 years of age who had a growth chart showing at least one weight recorded in the previous 12 months. These mothers were then interviewed by a public health nurse and asked to interpret six sets of growth charts portraying data on fictitious children from 6 to 17 months of age. The growth chart was that of the Ministry of Health which included lines for the 10th and 90th percentiles. Scores from 0 to 6 were given based on the number of correct responses given. 64 (45%) of the 142 mothers included in the study were classified as illiterate. Illiterate mothers tended to be older to have more children and a greater proportion lived in one of the two communities. No significant differences were seen in percentage of surviving children proportion of mothers working outside the home and family income. Illiterate mothers showed a higher frequency of participation in GM sessions. The results of the individual questions of the evaluation indicated mean scores for literate and illiterate mothers of 4.5 (SD 1.4) and 3.2 (SD 1.8) respectively (p < 0.001). If four correct answers were used as an arbitrary cut-off for a satisfactory level of understanding 85% and 53% of literate and illiterate mothers respectively achieved this mark. Among illiterate mothers community of residence and attendance at all GM sessions were significantly associated with the mean scores. Among literate mothers age (25-34 years) was significantly associated with higher mean scores.

Structure, function and properties of antibody binding sites

Do antibody combining sites possess general properties that enable them to bind different antigens with varying affinities and to bind novel antigens? Here, we address this question by examining the physical and chemical characteristics most favourable for residues involved in antigen accommodation and binding. Amphipathic amino acids could readily tolerate the change of environment from hydrophilic to hydrophobic that occurs upon antibody-antigen complex formation. Residues that are large and can participate in a wide variety of van der Waals' and electrostatic interactions would permit binding to a range of antigens. Amino acids with flexible side-chains could generate a structurally plastic region, i.e. a binding site possessing the ability to mould itself around the antigen to improve complementarity of the interacting surfaces. Hence, antibodies could bind to an array of novel antigens using a limited set of residues interspersed with more unique residues to which greater binding specificity can be attributed. An individual antibody molecule could thus be cross-reactive and have the capacity to bind structurally similar ligands. The accommodation of variations in antigenic structure by modest combining site flexibility could make an important contribution to immune defence by allowing antibody binding to distinct but closely related pathogens. Tyr and Trp most readily fulfil these catholic physicochemical requirements and thus would be expected to be common in combining sites on theoretical grounds. Experimental support for this comes from three sources, (1) the high frequency of participation by these amino acids in the antigen binding observed in six crystallographically determined antibody-antigen complexes, (2) their frequent occurrence in the putative binding regions of antibodies as determined from structural and sequence data and (3) the potential for movement of their side-chains in known antibody binding sites and model systems. The six bound antigens comprise two small different haptens, non-overlapping regions of the same large protein and a 19 amino acid residue peptide. Out of a total of 85 complementarity determining region positions, only 37 locations (plus 3 framework) are directly involved in antigen interaction. Of these, light chain residue 91 is utilized by all the complexes examined, whilst light chain 32, light chain 96 and heavy chain 33 are employed by five out of the six. The binding sites in known antibody-antigen complexes as well as the postulated combining sites in free Fab fragments show similar characteristics with regard to the types of amino acids present. The possible role of other amino acids is also assessed. Potential implications for the combining regions of class I major histocompatibility molecules and the rational design of molecules are discussed.

Effect of National Status on Delegate Participation and Influence in an International Organization

The effect of an individual's social status upon behavior in group setting i.e., the status generalization phenomenon-is a recurrent theme in socialpsychological and sociological studies. The present study examines the effect of status (of national status) upon delegate behavior in an international organization, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations. It concludes that: (1) delegates from high status nations tend to be more influential and active than delegates from low status nations; (2) high national status per se is not sufficient to generate delegate influence; to be influential, delegates need to be active; (3) of three national status indicators-diplomatic status, size of delegation, and budgetary contribution-the latter one is the most important; and (4) a high frequency of participation is sufficient to generate influence.

Decision‐Making Ability And Vocational Maturity

This study is concerned with the development of an instrument measuring decision‐making ability (DMI) and the relationship of scores on this instrument to intelligence, achievement, and participation in extracurricular activities, three variables known to be related to vocational maturity. The DMI was administered to 174 high school seniors, randomly selected from four metropolitan high schools in the Midwest. Chi‐square and analysis of variance were used to test the relationship of levels of DMI scores to each of the other variables. It was found that high DMI scores were associated with: (a) high intelligence, (b) high achievement, (c) high frequency of participation in extracurricular activities. It is concluded that decision‐making ability is related to vocational maturity.

Persuasiveness and Persuasibility as Related to Intelligence and Emotional Responsiveness

This study was concerned with the contribution of intelligence and emotional responsiveness to persuasiveness and persuasibility of human Ss. Each pair of Ss was required to discuss a topic on which they had initially divergent opinions, with the persuasiveness of one over the other defined as shorter latency of first statement and higher frequency of participation in the discussion, and persuasibility as likelihood of opinion change. Three groups of pairs of Ss were involved. In all groups one member of each pair was high in intelligence and high in emotional responsiveness, with the other pair member low in intelligence and low in emotional responsiveness in the first group, low in intelligence and high in emotional responsiveness in the second group, and high in intelligence and low in emotional responsiveness in the third group. Contrary to expectation, highly intelligent-highly emotionally responsive Ss proved to be less persuasive in all of the groups and more persuasible when paired with Ss of low intelligence and low emotional responsiveness. It was suggested that high emotional responsiveness may have interfered with the adequate expression of high intelligence.