Higher Family Support Research Articles

Mental health and substance use risks and resiliencies in a U.S. sample of transgender and gender diverse adults.

Victimization contributes to mental and behavioral health inequities among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people, but few studies have simultaneously examined health-promoting resiliencies. We sought to identify classes of risk and resilience among TGD adults, assess characteristics associated with these classes, and examine their relationship with mental health and substance use outcomes. Cross-sectional data were from the 2015 US Transgender Survey, a non-probability study including 26,957 TGD adults. Using latent class analysis, we classified patterns of vulnerability and resilience based on risk (past-year denial of equal treatment, verbal harassment, physical attack, bathroom-related discrimination; lifetime sexual assault, intimate partner violence) and protective (activism; family, work, classmate support) factors. Regression models were fit to (1) determine the association between sociodemographic and gender affirmation characteristics and latent classes; (2) model associations between latent classes and mental health (current serious psychological distress, past-year and lifetime suicidal thoughts and attempts, and lifetime gender identity/transition-related counseling) and substance use (current binge alcohol use, smoking, illicit drug use; past-year drug/alcohol treatment) outcomes. Three latent classes were identified: high risks, with activism involvement ("risk-activism," 35%); low risks, with not being out about one's TGD identity ("not-out," 25%); and low risks, with high family support ("family-support," 40%). Gender affirmation and sociodemographic characteristics, such as race/ethnicity and sexual orientation, were associated with latent classes. Risk-activism class membership was associated with higher odds of negative mental health and substance use outcomes, while the family-support class had lower odds of these outcomes. Interventions leveraging family support, and policy protections from discrimination and victimization, may promote TGD mental and behavioral health.

Dukungan Keluarga dengan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Penderita Ulkus Diabetikum

A diabetic ulcer is a common complication found in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. If untreated well, it may get worse resulting in amputation. As most patients are treated at home, family support becomes an important variable to be measured in time. Due to the long duration of suffering from chronic illness, anxiety is sometimes found. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between family support and anxiety level in diabetic ulcers. This was a correlational study using the cross-sectional design approach. The population was all diabetic ulcer patients in Wound House of Sidoarjo (N=100). The sample is all members of the population. The sample size was 100 selected by total sampling (n=100). The independent variable was family support measured by 24 items in a valid and reliable questionnaire (r = .217-.785, α = .889), while the dependent variable was anxiety level measured by 14 items in HARS (r = .529-.727, α = .756). Data analysis is the ed Spearman Rank correlation test (α=.05). Most respondents were elderly (76%), female (58%), married (77%), primary graduate graduated (39%), close related persons were spouses and children (96%), cared for by children (55%), DM duration 1-5 years (44%), ulcer duration less than 1 year (56%), regular wound care (90%) with the frequency of once or three times per week (@ 38%). Most respondents reported high family support (97%) and no anxiety (80%). There was no significant correlation between family support and anxiety level (p = .077). There was no significant correlation between family support and anxiety level in diaulcers ulcers because of the high family support so members who suffer from diabetes are not worried about their care and treatment problems.
 Keywords: Anxiety, diabetes mellitus, diabetic ulcer, elderly, family support

Pathways of Adolescent Life Satisfaction Association with Family Support, Structure and Affluence: A Cross-National Comparative Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Despite the importance of life satisfaction for health and well-being, there is a paucity of cross-national comparative studies in life satisfaction related to the family environment. The present research examined the pathways of life satisfaction association with perceived family support and other family environment variables among adolescents aged from 11 to 15 years in 45 countries. Materials and Methods: Samples from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in 2017/2018 were analysed (n = 188,619). Path analysis was applied to evaluate the associations among the study variables. Results: A positive association between the life satisfaction score and high family support was identified in all 45 countries (standardized regression weight ranged from 0.067 to 0.420, p < 0.05). In majority of countries, living with both parents and higher levels of family affluence had a positive effect on adolescent life satisfaction both directly and indirectly through family support. In the described path model, the proportion of life satisfaction score variance that was accounted for by family support, family structure, family affluence, gender and age was up to 25.3%. The path models made it possible to group the participating countries into two clusters. In the first cluster (10 countries) the Eastern and Southern European countries dominated, while the second cluster (35 countries) united the countries of Western and Central Europe. Conclusions: There is evidence that countries with high level of adolescent life satisfaction differ in the high rate of intact family structure and the strong relation between family support and perceived life satisfaction.

Family Social Support and Weight-Related Behaviors of School-Age Children: An Exploratory Analysis.

Families are a key provider of support that may encourage positive weight-related behaviors. Yet little is known about the relation of family support to children’s performance of weight-related behaviors. Mothers (N = 524) who completed an online survey were categorized as having low, moderate, or high family support for fruit/vegetable intake, breakfast intake, limiting sugar-sweetened beverage intake, physical activity, limiting sedentary screentime, and sleep. ANOVA revealed that children in families with high support for breakfast ate this meal significantly more often. Additionally, children in families with low support for limiting sugar-sweetened beverages had significantly greater intake. Surprisingly, families with moderate support for physical activity and sleep tended to have children with lower physical activity level, sleep duration, and sleep quality, and fewer days/week with set bedtimes than those with low and high support. Binomial logistic regression revealed that high family support for eating breakfast, limiting sugar-sweetened beverages, and getting sufficient sleep had greater odds of meeting recommendations for these behaviors. Findings suggest that greater family support for healthy weight-related behaviors tends to be associated with children’s performance of these behaviors. Future interventions should further examine the impact of different types of family support on weight-related behaviors to better understand this complex interplay.

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA ANAK PENDERITA KANKER YANG MENJALANI KEMOTERAPI DI IRNA 4 RSUD dr. SAIFUL ANWAR MALANG

Background : Cancer in children is one of the leading causes of death. Handling cancer in children will go through a series of chemotherapy treatment processes. In the preliminary study at RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar, approximately 80% of pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy programs, mostly experience the psychological impact of anxiety. &#x0D; Objective : The design of this study is an observational analytic method with a cross sectional approach which aims to analyze the relationship between the relationship between family support and anxiety levels in children undergoing chemotherapy. &#x0D; Metodes: The sampling technique used purposive sampling on the parent population of cancer patients. The research instrument is a support questionnaire and an anxiety questionnaire (Zung Self Anxiety Rating Scale). Results : The results of the study obtained high family support as many as 56 respondents (83.6%), and the results showed that most patients with mild anxiety levels were 61 respondents (91%). Based on Spearman's statistical test, the r value of 0.356 (p value &lt;0.05) showed that there was a weak relationship between family support and anxiety levels in cancer children undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, families must be involved in mentoring during chemotherapy treatment in the hope of being able to have a positive impact during treatment.&#x0D;

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PASIEN PJK DI POLI JANTUNG RSUD dr. SAIFUL ANWAR MALANG

Coronary heart disease has an impact on patient medication adherence. Family support is one of the secondary prevention programs that is integrated with comprehensive care. It has been proven to be useful and effective in patients with CHD. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and medication adherence in CHD patients at the heart polyclinic of RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. The design of this research is correlational with a cross sectional study approach. The research population was 45 people, the sample was taken using purposive sampling with a sample of 41 respondents. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The data analysis method used is the Spearman Rank test using SPSS. This study proves high family support as many as 35 respondents (85.4) and has a high level of compliance as many as 36 people mostly (74.1%). Spearman rank test results obtained p value = (0.02) &lt; (0.05). It was concluded that there was a relationship between family support and medication adherence in CHD patients at the heart polyclinic of RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. Based on the results of the study to improve medication adherence, it is necessary to increase family support

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dan Efikasi Diri dengan Motivasi Lansia Hipertensi Dalam Mengontrol Tekanan Darah

Introduction: Family support and self-efficacy are ways to increase the motivation of the elderly to control their blood pressure regularly. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and self-efficacy with the motivation of elderly hypertension in controlling blood pressure.Methods: The variables in this study were the relationship between family support and the motivation of the elderly with hypertension in controlling blood pressure and the relationship between self-efficacy and the motivation of the elderly in controlling blood pressure. This study used a descriptive correlation design with a cross sectional approach. The research sample was 65 elderly who were taken using the snowball sampling method. The analysis used bivariate analysis using chi-square test.Results: There were 36 respondents (55.4%) who received high family support to control blood pressure. Based on self-efficacy, 34 respondents (52.3%) had high self-efficacy in controlling blood pressure. Based on motivation, there are 40 respondents (61.5%) who have high motivation in controlling blood pressure. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant relationship between family support and the motivation of the elderly with hypertension in controlling blood pressure with p value (0.001) &lt; alpha (0.05), while the self-efficacy variable with the motivation of the elderly in controlling blood pressure obtained p value (0.000) &lt; alpha (0.05).Conclusion: Family support and self-efficacy have a significant relationship to the motivation of the elderly in controlling blood pressure.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kecemasan Mahasiswa dalam Menghadapi Tugas Akhir

This study aims to look at the factors that influence students in facing their final project. This research method is quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The results showed that the average age of the respondents was 21 years, with the youngest 20 years old and the oldest 22 years old. Most (76.3%) of the research respondents were 45, and of the total respondents, the majority (64.9%) of 24 respondents experienced moderate anxiety. And 31 respondents (83.8%) have high family support then, strong peer influence is 31 respondents (83.8%), the influence of supervisors is vital to as many as 33 respondents (89.2%), and the influence of the environment good as many as 30 respondents (81.1%). The bivariate analysis results showed that the p-values ​​for all variables were &lt; 0.05. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between support from family, peers, supervisors, and the environment with student anxiety in facing the final project.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Student, Anxiety, Nursing, Final Project

Blood Pressure Control and Its Determinants among Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease in Myanmar

Background: Controlling blood pressure is critical for patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease to prevent the rapid progression to end-stage renal disease and sudden cardiac death. However, only a limited number of these patients achieve the blood pressure target. No previous study has been observed to evaluate the status of blood pressure control and its determinants among Myanmar patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease.Purpose: This study aimed to identify the rate of blood pressure control and its determinants among patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease in Myanmar.Methods: A total of 150 patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease attending the clinics at a tertiary hospital in Myanmar participated in this cross-sectional, correlational predictive study. They were recruited by a convenience sampling method. Data were collected by using Sodium Consumption Behavior Questionnaire, Family-Friends Support Subscale and Doctor-Health Care Team Support Subscale of Chronic Illness Resources Survey, demographic and clinical characteristics data form, and by measuring blood pressure against the target level of less than 130/80 mmHg. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed.Results: Only 44% of the participants had their blood pressure controlled. Overweight (OR=0.170, 95% CI: 0.058-0.495), obese (OR=0.071, 95% CI: 0.017-0.305), and chronic kidney disease stage 5 (OR=0.070, 95% CI: 0.020-0.244) were the determinants associated with poorly controlled blood pressure. Low sodium consumption behavior (OR=9.065, 95% CI: 3.251-25.277) and high family support (OR=7.799, 95% CI: 2.738-22.215) were the determinants associated with well-controlled blood pressure.Conclusion: The blood pressure control rate in Myanmar patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease was suboptimal. Determinant findings serve as an input to endorse family-based lifestyle modification interventions such as weight control and low sodium dietary for optimizing blood pressure control. Further investigation of other determinants and of lifestyle intervention programs is warranted.

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Self Management Pada Pasien DM Tipe 2

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a common problem that occurs i people who have metabolic disorders characterized by increased blood sugar duet o decreased secretion by pancreatic beta cells or impaired insulin function. The relationship of family support with people with type 2 DM is closely related to the existence of support, individuals will feel cared for considered to be in the support of their families. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and self management in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sukodono Methods: The research design was analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses Probability Sampling using simple random sampling. The population of Surabaya volunteers with a sample technique using simple random sampling obtained a sample of 109 respondents. Instrument used a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rho test with a degree of significance ρ≤ 0.05 Results: The results showed that most respondents had moderate family support. Most respondents had a good self managemente And obtained a relationship between family support and self management in Sukodono. From the statistical results of the Spearman rho test, it shows the value of r = 0.412 with a value of p = 0.05 Conclusions: The implication of this research is that high family support makes it easy for self management to lmanagement about their illnes.

Family Support and Academic Self-efficacy as Determinants of Post Preliminary Training School Psychological Wellbeing among Nursing Candidates

This study examined family support, academic self-efficacy and personality as determinants of post preliminary training school (PTS) psychological wellbeing among nursing candidates. Participants were one hundred and twenty nine (129) PTS students of School of Nursing Nkpor Anambra State selected through purposive sampling whose ages ranged from 17 years to 26 years with a mean age of 19.5yrs and a standard deviation of 1.20. Four instruments were adopted for the study -Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Academic Self-efficacy Scale, Ryff’s Psychological Well-being scale and Big Five Personality inventory. Non-randomized pretest posttest design was used as design for the study whereas 3-Way ANOVA was used as statistical tool to analyze data. The resulted indicated that there is a significant difference in the psychological wellbeing of admitted and non-admitted PTS students of Nursing school Nkpor before and after PTS examinations at F(1, 128) = 79.4, p &lt; .05 and that the psychological wellbeing of non-admitted PTS students of Nursing school Nkpor with perceived high family support significantly differed from their counterparts with perceived low family support after PTS examination at F(1, 128) = 39, p &lt; .05. Also the result revealed that the psychological wellbeing of non-admitted PTS students of Nursing school Nkpor with perceived high academic self-efficacy significantly differed from their counterparts with perceived low academic self-efficacy after PTS examination at F(1, 128) = 122, p &lt; .05 while the psychological wellbeing of non-admitted PTS students of Nursing school Nkpor differed across the personality types with conscientious personality having more balanced psychological well-being than their counterparts at F(1, 128) = 31.8, p &lt; .05. It is recommended that the Nursing design programs aimed that enhancing the psychological wellbeing of students before, during and after the exams.

Relationship between exercise motivation and social support in a support facility for persons with disabilities in Japan

Purpose Exercise motivation (EM) is related to individual capabilities and social support. However, in support facilities for people with disabilities, it is susceptible to a lack of social support. In this study, we classified EM into Autonomous Motivation (AM) and controlled motivation (CM) and then examined the influence of social support. Method Thirty-three residents from a support facility for people with disabilities in Japan participated in this study. We conducted a hierarchical multiple regression analysis in which age, gender and time since admission were entered in Step 1, mobility and self-efficacy as individual capabilities in Step 2, and family support, facility support and peer support as social support in Step 3. Result A significant increase in variance from Step 2 to Step 3 was found for both AM (ΔR 2 = 0.504, ΔF = 12.18, p < .001) and CM (ΔR 2 = 0.269, ΔF = 3.491, p = .031). The results also showed that AM was higher among those with high family and facility support, and CM was higher among those with low family and high peer support. Conclusions Social support was a more significant predictor of EM among participants than individual capabilities. KEY MESSAGES Among residents of support facilities for people with disabilities, assessing not only individual capabilities but also social support status can lead to better understandings of exercise motivation (EM). To enhance facility residents’ autonomous motivation (AM), it is necessary to intervene after evaluating family and facility support. When family support is not readily available among facility residents, efforts should be made to encourage residents to interact with each other to increase peer support.

Dukungan Keluarga dan Self Efikasi terhadap Self Manajemen Penderita Hipertensi

This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and self-efficacy on self-management of hypertension sufferers. This research method is cross-sectional research. The results showed that respondents with high self-efficacy dominantly have good self-management (64.2%). In low self-management, the dominant has less self-management (57.2%). In the excellent category of family support variables, the chief has good self-management (61.1%). The dominant has less self-management (57.1%) with less family support. The chi-square test results show that self-management is related to family support (p-value=0.001), self-efficacy (p-value=0.006). In conclusion, self-management of hypertensive patients tends to increase if the patient gets high family support and self-efficacy.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Family Support, Hypertension, Self Efficacy, Self Management

Problematic gaming risk among European adolescents: a cross-national evaluation of individual and socio-economic factors.

Background and AimsPrevious research has identified numerous risk and protective factors of adolescent problematic gaming (PG) at the individual and social levels; however, the influence of socio‐economic indicators on PG is less known. This study aimed to measure the contribution of individual and socio‐economic factors involved in PG risk among adolescents from 30 European countries.DesignMulti‐level logistic regression analysis of survey data from the 2019 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) cross‐sectional study using self‐administered anonymous questionnaires.SettingThirty European countries.ParticipantsA representative cohort of 15–16‐year‐old students (n = 88 998 students; males = 49.2%).MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure was adolescents’ (low and high) risk of PG. Individual key predictors included self‐report assessments of socio‐demographic characteristics, time spent gaming and family variables (parental regulation and monitoring, family support). Main country‐level predictors comprised Gini coefficient for economic inequalities and benefits for families and children (% gross domestic product), retrieved from international public data sets and national thematic reports. The data analysis plan involved multi‐level logistic regression.FindingsParticipants who reported stronger parental regulation [odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79–0.83] and higher family support (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.91–0.95) reported lower risk of PG. At the country‐level, economic inequalities (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03–1.07) were positively associated with the risk of PG, while benefits for families and children (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.70–0.89) were negatively correlated with the risk of PG.ConclusionsSupportive family environments, lower country‐level economic inequalities and higher government expenditures on benefits for families and children appear to be associated with a lower risk of problematic gaming among European adolescents.

The Contributing Role of Family, School, and Peer Supportive Relationships in Protecting the Mental Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents

Globally, mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in children and adolescents. Previous research has demonstrated that supportive relationships are a key protective factor against poor mental health in children, particularly amongst those who have experienced adversity. However, fewer studies have examined the relative impact of different types of supportive relationships. The current study examined the association between level of family adult support, school adult support, and school peer support and mental wellbeing in a sample of children (age 8–15 years, N = 2,074) from schools in the UK. All three sources of support were independently associated with mental wellbeing. Analyses demonstrated a graded relationship between the number of sources of support and the odds of low mental wellbeing (LMWB), reflecting a cumulative protective effect. While all three sources of support were best, it was not vital, and analyses demonstrated a protective effect of school sources of support on LMWB amongst children with low family support. Peer support was found to be particularly important, with prevalence of LMWB similar amongst children who had high peer support (but low family and school adult support), and those who had high family and school adult support, (but low peer support), indicating that high peer support has an equivalent impact of two other protective factors. Findings from the study highlight the crucial context schools provide in fostering positive peer relationships and supportive teacher–student relationships to promote mental health and resilience for all children, including both those with and without supportive home environments.

Prediktor Terkuat Tingginya Dukungan Keluarga Pada Penderita Ulkus Diabetikum

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has micro-angiopathic complications, one of which is diabetic neuropathy with symptoms of loss of sensation in the lower extremity area which is the most important risk factor for diabetic ulcers. Family support is needed for diabetic ulcer sufferers to be able to manage their disease well during the home care period. This study aims to identify and analyze the level of family support and the best predictor of high family support in type 2 DM patients with diabetic ulcers. This descriptive correlative research used a cross sectional design. The population was all patients with type 2 DM with diabetic ulcers at the Surabaya Wound House in Sidoarjo amounted to 100 people (N=100). Sampling technique total sampling (n=100). The variable was family support which consisted of four domains, namely: emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal supports. Valid and reliable questionnaire was used during data collection. The majority of respondents got high support from their family (97%). Among the four domains of family support, informational support is the domain being the strongest predictor of high family support in this population (item 18: R2 = 0.529; p = 0.000; item 19: R2 = 0.531; p = 0.000). However, the aspect of appreciation for the sufferer's efforts to treat their illness becomes the strongest predictor of the high overall family support (item 24: R2 = 0.616; p = 0.000). Informational support and appreciation for efforts to manage the disease are two important predictors of high family support in diabetic ulcer sufferers.&#x0D; Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, informational support, family support, appraisal support, diabetic ulcer.

Family support and medication adherence among residents with hypertension in informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya: a mixed-method study.

Suboptimal medication adherence is a major barrier to hypertension control in Kenya, especially among informal urban settlement areas (sometimes referred to as "slums"). The few studies that have specifically explored medication adherence among this population have received discordant results, implying that additional factors which influence medication adherence merit further investigation. This study explores the relationship between family support and medication adherence among people with hypertension in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. We conducted a quantitative survey followed up by semi-structured qualitative interviews. The sampling frame comprised two health facilities in informal settlement areas of the Korogocho neighborhood and participants were recruited via convenience sampling. We performed multiple logistic regressions for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. A total of 93 people participated in the survey (mean age: 57 ± 14.7, 66% female). Most participants reported high family support (82%, n = 76) and suboptimal medication adherence (43% by the Morisky Scale; 76% by the Hill-Bone Scale), with no significant associations between family support and medication adherence. During interviews, many participants reported they lacked health knowledge and education. We suggest that the lack of health knowledge among this population may have contributed to a failure for family support to meaningfully translate into improvements in medication adherence. Our results underscore the need for further research to improve hypertension control among this uniquely disadvantaged population, especially with respect to the possible mediating influence of health education on family support and medication adherence.

Understanding patterns of family support and its role on viral load suppression among youth living with HIV aged 15 to 24 years in southwestern Uganda.

BackgroundActive family support helps as a buffer against adverse life events associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake and adherence. There is limited data available to explain how family support shapes and affects individual healthcare choices, decisions, experiences, and health outcomes among youth living with HIV (YLWH). We aimed to describe family support patterns and its role in viral load suppression among YLWH at a rural hospital in southwestern Uganda.MethodsWe performed a mixed‐method cross‐sectional study between March and September 2020, enrolling 88 eligible YLWH that received ART for at least 6 months. Our primary outcome of interest was viral load suppression, defined as a viral load detected of ≤500 copies/mL. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Fifteen individuals were also purposively selected from the original sample and participated in an in‐depth interview that was digitally recorded. Generated transcripts were coded and categories generated manually using the inductive content analytic approach. All participants provided written consent or guardian/parent assent (those <18 years) to participate in the study.ResultsForty‐nine percent of YLWH were females, the median age was 21 (IQR: 16‐22) years. About half of the participants (53%) stayed with a family member. A third (34%) of participants had not disclosed their status to any person they stayed with at home. Only 23% reported getting moderate to high family social support (Median score 2.3; IQR: 1.6‐3.2). Seventy‐eight percent of YLWH recorded viral load suppression. Viral load suppression was associated with one living with a parent, sibling, or spouse (AOR: 6.45; 95% CI: 1.16‐16.13; P = .033), having a primary caretaker with a regular income (AOR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.09‐4.17; P = .014), and living or communicating with family at least twice a week (AOR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.65‐7.14; P = .003). Other significant factors included youth receiving moderate to high family support (AOR: 12.11; 95% CI: 2.06‐17.09; P = .006) and those that perceived family support in the last 2 years as helpful (AOR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.34‐3.44; P = .001). HIV stigma (AOR: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.23; P = .007) and depression (AOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.06‐0.52; P = .041) decreased viral load suppression. Qualitative data showed that dysfunctional family relationships, economic insecurity, physical separation, HIV‐ and disclosure‐related stigma, past and ongoing family experiences with HIV/ART affected active family support. These factors fueled feelings of abandonment, helplessness, discrimination, and economic or emotional strife among YLWH.ConclusionOur data showed that living with a family member, having a primary caretaker with a regular income, living or communicating with family members regularly, and reporting good family support were associated with viral load suppression among YLWH in rural southwestern Uganda. Experiencing depression due to HIV and or disclosure‐related stigma was associated with increased viral load. All YLWH desire ongoing emotional, physical, and financial support from immediate family to thrive and take medications daily and timely. Future interventions should explore contextual community approaches that encourage acceptance, disclosure, and resource mobilization for YLWH who rely on family support to use ART appropriately.

Metode Peer Education terhadap Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga Pasien Stroke pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

This study aims to determine the effect of health education using the peer education method on the knowledge and support of families of stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research method is a quantitative study with a non-equivalent control group design. The results showed that most respondents in the intervention group had good knowledge and 78.0%, high family support as much as 64.0%, and most respondents in the control group had less understanding than 54.0%, low family support as much as 60.0 %. After being given Education: peer education method good knowledge as much as 76.5% with -value = 0.015, family support as much as 64.7% and -value 0.009, age is related to understanding and family support (ρ &lt; ) while Education, source information has no relationship with family knowledge and consent (ρ value &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, there is an effect of health education: the peer education method on expertise, family support for stroke patients during the covid 19 pandemic at the Palembang City Health Center, and there are differences in knowledge and family support where the intervention group has higher knowledge and family support, the results of Chi-Square analysis are obtained. There is no characteristic relationship between education level and expertise, and there is no expected relationship between information sources and knowledge at the Merdeka Ariodillah Basuki Rahmat Health Center in 2021.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Family Support, Pandemic COVID-19, Peer Education, Knowledge, Stroke

Family Support as Smoking Prevention during Transition from Early to Late Adolescence: A Study in 42 Countries.

Family support has a beneficial impact on protecting health-risk behaviour in adolescents. This study aimed to explore whether family support is associated with risk of smoking during transition from early (11 years) to late (15 years) adolescence across 42 countries. The data from the cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in 2017/2018 were employed (N = 195,966). Family support was measured using the four-item Family dimension of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (sum score 20 or more was categorised as high family support). Smoking was defined as a reported cigarette smoking at least 1–2 days in the last 30 days. The association between smoking and family support was assessed using a prevalence ratio (PR) obtained from the multivariate Poisson regression. Over two thirds of adolescents reported high levels of support from their family. Family support was found to significantly decrease with age in most of the countries, with the boys reported high level of family support more often than girls. The adolescents who reported having low family support also were more likely to smoke compared to their peers who reported having high family support (PR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.71–1.91 in boys, and PR = 2.19; 95% CI: 2.08–2.31 in girls). The countries with a stronger effect of family support in reducing smoking risk indicated lower rates of adolescent smoking as well as lower increases in the cigarette smoking prevalence during the age period from 11 to 15 years. This study reinforces the need for family support, which is an important asset helping adolescents to overcome the risk of smoking during their transition from early to late adolescence.