High Experience Research Articles

Descriptive characterization of Brazilian surfers and their injuries: a cross-sectional and retrospective study

PurposeThe present study aimed to describe the main characteristics of Brazilian surfers and their injuries, and to analyze the probability of developing injuries according to skill level, experience in surfing, training volume, and age.MethodsA total of 1829 Brazilian surfers answered an electronic survey about their characteristics and previous and current injuries. The association between participant characteristics and percentage of injuries was investigated using a chi-squared test. The statistical significance of the results was assumed at a <i>p</i>-value < 0.05. The prevalence ratio (PR) was also calculated to illustrate the probability of having injuries.ResultsMost surfers are men (84.2%), young adults (72.0%), with more than 2 years of experience in surfing (60.7%), with an intermediate level of skill (49.3%), recreational surfers (99.2%), and who practice surfing 1 to 2 days a week (79.7%) for 1 to 3 hours a day (65.9%). About 55.5% of the participants were already affected by an injury or had some surfing-related pain. In the last 12 months, 52.2% of surfers suffered injuries. For both, more than 50% of injuries occurred in the lower limbs. Brazilian surfers with higher skill levels, time of experience, hours per day of surf training, and age presented higher prevalence ratios of previous and current injuries.ConclusionsIn summary, Brazilian surfers are predominantly male, young adults, and non-competitive athletes. The most injured anatomical region in this group is the lower limbs. Contrary to expectation, higher experience and skill levels might not act as protective factors against injuries due to increased training volume.

Conceptualizing vaccine champions from an implementation science perspective: Findings from a national survey of primary care health professionals

ObjectiveClinical champions are healthcare professionals who help their colleagues improve the delivery of evidence-based care. Because little is known about champions working in the context of adolescent vaccination, we sought to identify vaccine champion roles among primary care health professionals (PCHPs). MethodsIn 2022, we surveyed 2527 US PCHPs who serve adolescents. The survey assessed the extent to which respondents identified as vaccine champions and the activities they performed. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we used these data to categorize PCHPs as: champions who led projects to increase vaccination rates (“implementation leaders”); facilitating champions who more generally shared vaccination data, information, and encouragement (“facilitators”); or non-champions. We used multinomial logistic regression to identify correlates of being a leader or facilitator as opposed to a non-champion. ResultsAbout one-fifth (21%) of PCHPs were implementation leaders, one-quarter (25%) were facilitators, and the remainder (54%) were non-champions. Leaders were more common among PCHPs with medium or high versus low practice experience (31% and 36% versus 20%, both p < .01) and adolescent patient volume (29% and 39% versus 17%, both p < .01). Being a facilitator was also associated with higher practice experience and patient volume. Leaders and facilitators reported a similar number of barriers to their work (mean = 1.8 and 1.9, respectively), with time and competing quality metrics being most common. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that both implementation leaders and facilitators are common vaccine champions in adolescent primary care. These champions are more often found among PCHPs with higher experience and patient volume.

To What Extent Does Storytelling in Video Games Help Students with Their Moral Learning Development

The video enterprise is developing rapidly, and with the emergence of new games, their new strengths and boundaries have introduced greater proposals to suppose about the relationship between video games and character ethical development. Video games are a high-quality medium for storytelling in contrast to books or films, as gamers can immerse themselves in them extra deeply and as a consequence have a higher experience. Storytelling is a vital section of video games due to the fact we can analyze a lot from enjoying these video games and achieve a lot of perception into existence and ethical values. Storytelling in video games performs an essential position in the ethical improvement of younger people, and the storylines of video games can assist younger human beings in studying ethical values, boost advantageous behaviour, and enlarge their experience of social accountability and empathy. In any case, the special elements of video video games supply beneficial thought for improvements in ethical education. In the future, solely with the aid of returning to the essence of ethical training and searching at the testimonies advised in video games, searching at ethical training via the connotations of the plots in video games, and appreciation of the relationship between ethical schooling and video video games in an extra rational way, can we mix the two in an extra scientific way to reply the name for a new structure of ethical schooling in the new era.

Lung ultrasound in respiratory therapy: a global reflective survey.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a non-invasive point of care diagnostic tool used to assess the presence and severity of various lung disorders for more than two decades. Within the healthcare professionals are the respiratory therapists (RTs) who play a vital role in managing ventilated and other patients requiring respiratory support, but the incorporation of LUS into their scope of practice has not been well highlighted. This international cross-sectional survey was specifically designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of RTs with respect to LUS. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted among RTs from different parts of the world using a questionnaire-based study tool. 514 RTs responded to all the questions and were considered for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics, Analysis of variance, Fisher's exact, Chi-square, Bonferroni post-hoc analysis, and Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the significance of the data. From 22 countries, 514 RTs responded to the survey, with the major share from the middle eastern countries. Out of the 514 responders, 44.9% of the responders were in the age group of 23-30 years; 67.1% were bachelor's degree holders; and 40.9% of participants had more than 10 years of experience. The knowledge-based questions revealed that RTs with higher experience and academic qualification provided more positive responses. While in the attitude-related domain it is observed that standardized training in LUS helps them to enhance the current practice and to add LUS to the academic curriculum of respiratory therapy schools; however there remains barriers to practice LUS based on their responses. The practice-based questions revealed that RTs expect some additional seminars/workshops/webinars to be done on LUS frequently. More than half of the participants are found to be knowledgeable with a positive attitude and working towards the inclusion of LUS in respiratory therapy profession. It is concluded that respiratory therapists have a positive attribute towards the inclusion of lung ultrasound in their clinical practice. Providing more structured training for professional respiratory therapists and including lung ultrasound modules in the respiratory therapy school curriculum may facilitate mastering their diagnostic skills, thereby expanding the scope of practice.

Reliability and Accuracy of the Outerbridge Classification in Staging of Cartilage Defects.

The decision on whether or not and how to treat a local cartilage defect is still made intraoperatively based on the visual presentation of the cartilage and findings from indentations with an arthroscopic probe. The treatment decision is then usually based on grading according to established classifications systems, which, therefore, need to have high reliability and accuracy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the Outerbridge classification in staging cartilage defects. We performed an observer arthroscopic study using the Outerbridge classification on seven fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees, which collectively exhibited nine cartilage defects. To evaluate accuracy, defect severity was verified through histological examination. Interrater and intrarater reliabilites were calculated using Cohen's kappa and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC 3.1). The interrater and intrarater reliability for the Outerbridge classification ranged from poor to substantial, with 0.24 ≤ κ ≤ 0.70 and κ = 0.55 to κ = 0.66, respectively. The accuracy evaluated by comparison with the histological examination was 63% overall. The erroneous evaluations were, however, still often at the discrimination of grade 2 and 3. We did not find any relationship between higher experience and accuracy or intraobserver reliability. Taken together, these results encourage surgeons to further use diagnostic arthroscopy for evaluating cartilage lesions. Nevertheless, especially in grade 2 and 3, deviations from the histology were observed. This is, however, the point where a decision is made on whether to surgically address the defect or not. Diagnostic arthroscopy is the standard for cartilage lesion assessment, yet interobserver reliability is fair to substantial. Caution is warranted in interpreting varied observer results. The accuracy of the "simpler" Outerbridge classification is insufficient compared to histological examinations, highlighting the need for improved techniques in guideline-based intraoperative decision-making.

Importance of experience in transoesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of vegetation size in patients with infective endocarditis: a reliability study.

Vegetation size assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is a decisive metric in guiding surgical intervention and prognosis in patients with definite infective endocarditis (IE). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of echocardiographic experience on the reliability and reproducibility of TOE measurements of vegetations in patients with IE. Twenty-nine raters from a cardiac department at a tertiary centre were divided into three groups according to echocardiographic experience: experts, cardiologists, and novices. All raters were instructed to measure the maximum length of vegetations in 20 different TOE exams. Interrater agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Bland-Altmann plots. Reliability was assessed by minimal detectable change (MDC). All measurements were compared with the measured size agreed on by the multi-disciplinary IE team.There was an overall significant interrater variance between the three groups (P < 0.001). The variance was 10.1, 14.8, and 21.7 for the experts, cardiologists, and novices, respectively. ICC was excellent for experts (96.3%) and cardiologists (93.7%) and good for novices (84.6%). The three groups tended to measure smaller than the endocarditis team. MDC was 2.6 mm for experts, 3.3 mm for cardiologists, and 3.6 mm for novices. The study showed good to excellent intraclass correlation but high dispersion in all groups. Variance decreased with higher experience. Our findings support current recommendations that complicated cases should be cared for by the multi-disciplinary endocarditis team and underline the importance of echocardiographic expertise when evaluating and measuring vegetations in patients with IE.

OVERCONFIDENCE, REPRESENTATIVENESS AND HERDING BIAS AMONG GERMAN INVESTORS: HOW DEMOGRAPHIC AND OTHER VARIABLES INFLUENCE THEIR DECISION

The study assesses based on the responses from the survey of 342 persons how behavioural biases affect German investors' investment decisions. Three behavioural biases were examined: overconfidence, representativeness, and herding behavior. It was determined that demographic factors affecting German investors, such as gender, age, experience, education, and frequency of investment, influence this choice. Male German investors are more susceptible to all three biases than females. Young investors (&lt;35 years) are more at risk for the overconfidence bias and the representativeness bias, while older investors (&gt;35 years) are more at risk for the herding bias. Investors with a lower experience (&lt;5 years) on the stock market have a higher tendency for the three biases than German investors with a higher experience (&gt; five years). Investors with a high (i.e. university) education are more susceptible to the three biases than those with a low education. Investors with a high investing frequency (&gt; three months) scored higher for all three biases than investors with a low investing frequency (&lt;3 months).

Identifying Sustainable Biomedical Solid Waste Management Practices in the Context of Limited Resources in Selected Healthcare Facilities in Douala Cameroon

Aims: To Identify sustainable Biomedical solid waste management practices in the context of limited resources in selected HCFs in Douala, Cameroon.&#x0D; Study Design: A cross-sectional survey with quantitative and qualitative study design was adopted for data collection from workers in the HCFs and also identifying the process of waste management.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the some selected HCFs in the Douala region of Cameroon between January 2023 to June 2023.&#x0D; Methodology: Study respondents were working in different sections of the HCFs and comprised of the following categories: doctors, laboratory scientists, cleaners, nurses and administrative/clerical workers. Field visitations and interactions with HCFs officials took place during the random sampling technique which was used in determining the sample size of 200 workers, Out of the sample size of 200 who were given questionnaires in order to provide data for the study, 150 valid mail questionnaires were retrieved and used for analysis. Every questionnaire was verified by validity. There’s also questions related funds, facilities availability, training and personal protective equipment. All of the data were coded and analyzed. The results were calculated based on sums and percentages of variables with SPSS vers.26 software and chi-square analysis with the level significance of p-value less than 0.05 was analyze&#x0D; Results: This finding could also indicate that imbibing sustainable biomedical wastes management practices increases with higher experience in the hospital. Furthermore, communal bin disposal of biomedical wastes was the only statistically significant category under disposal method, indicating that waste disposal may be lacking in terms of sustainable practices. [30] also identified biomedical wastes disposal in open dumps among health workers in Saudi Arabia, attributable to poor sustainable waste training and lack of regulatory frameworks. I PCA results indicate that there are two dimensions of prevalent biomedical wastes in the hospital studied, as explicated by the two components retained&#x0D; Conclusion: The limited resources and government policies and local councils influences sustainable waste management practices and this paper aimed at identifying some of the solutions towards improving Sustainable waste management policies. The practice of biomedical waste management in the study area was low. Level of education, taking training on biomedical waste management, availability of color-coded three bins, and attitude of health care workers were significantly associated with biomedical waste management practices. Hence, in-service training is recommended to improve biomedical waste management practices.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Among Nurses on Oral Care for Intensive Care Unit Patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Oral care of intensive care unit (ICU) bound individuals is essential for overall health outcomes and to prevent complications. Nurses, who are the primary caregivers, should possess adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in this regard to provide optimal care to these patients. There are no standardized guidelines existing at present in this regard, making the practice of oral care more challenging.There is a diversified representation of nurses who practice in this region of the world and have not been analyzed in the past. This study would like to address this paucity of data. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses regarding oral health care in ICU patients along with analyzing any existing hospital-based policies related to oral care. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 nurses practicing at ICU of the National Guard Health Affairs (NGHAs) Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Nurses responded to 22 closed-ended questionnaires, which were adopted after content validation and reliability assessment. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 20, 2011; IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). A total of 230 (51.1%) nurses responded. The mean working experience of 12.6 (±7.5) years and ICU experience of 10.6 (±6.7) years were observed. Seventy-four (32.2%) nurses mentioned they received oral care training for ICU patients as part of their degree. A significant variation (p=0.03) in response was observed based on qualification concerning the knowledge of nurses if improper oral care among ICU patients could cause systemic complications. Nurses with less than five years' experience were more likely to provide oral care only once per day compared to nurses with higher experience (>10 years) (OR: 2.97, p=0.00, 95% CI: 2.40-12.2). There were certain knowledge, attitude, and practice-based questions that elicited significant differences in responses based on the qualifications and experience of the nurses. Overall, the nurses did possess fair knowledge and favorable attitudes towards oral care in these patients.

The impact of theory of mind, stress and professional experience on empathy in Romanian community nurses—a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHigh empathy levels in health professionals represent an important factor in patient satisfaction and compliance, reducing patient anxiety and pain, enhancing diagnostic and clinical results and strengthening patient empowerment. Our purpose was to determine empathy level and to identify which of the socioeconomic status (SES) and psychological factors were able to predict highest empathy levels in a Romanian sample of community nurses.MethodsCommunity nurses were invited in January-February 2023 to provide an answer to an online survey, using an advertisement in a professional network. 1580 participants voluntarily agreed to take part in this study, with a response rate of 85.8%. The survey included the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and socio-economic status items. A multivariate model for the prediction of belonging to the highest quartile of empathy as opposed to lowest quartile was constructed using SES and psychological variables as factors.ResultsThe mean (SD) empathy level was 49.1 (6.7), with 74.7% of participants over the threshold of high empathy level. In the multivariate analysis, predictors of belonging to the highest quartile of TEQ, as opposed to the lowest quartile were: low self-perceived stress level (OR = 2.098, 95%CI 1.362–3.231), higher experience as a community nurse (OR = 1.561, 95%CI 1.120–2.175) and higher levels of the theory of mind (OR = 1.158, 95%CI 1.118–1.199), when controlling for gender, age, relationship status, presence of children in families, education, and income.ConclusionsTraining programs targeting to increase emotional competences, reduce levels of stress and encourage personnel retention have the potential to increase the quality of community nursing in Romania.

Comprehending the Viewpoint of Healthcare Professionals Towards Digitalization of Clinical Practices in Healthcare Industry

The digitalization of clinical practices in the healthcare industry has ushered in a new era of efficiency, accessibility, and patient-centric care. This transformative shift leverages technology to streamline administrative processes, enhance patient engagement, and improve overall healthcare delivery. The aim of the study is to assess the view point of healthcare professionals towards telehealth platforms and perform a comparative analysis based on gender, age group, qualification, years of experience, specialty and other factors. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study and quantitative in nature. The study population includes general physicians, dental surgeons, physiotherapists and nutritionists employed in public and private healthcare organizations, across multiple cities in India. Data was collected over a period of two months, through a well-structured questionnaire across multiple cities in India. The invitation link to the survey was sent to 315 healthcare professionals working at various healthcare organizations, out of which 204 eventually participated in the study. The completed questionnaires were analyzed as per the study objectives using descriptive statistics for the quantitative data. The findings indicated that 59% of the participants were female healthcare professionals, while 41% were male. With regard to the view point towards telemedicine, the mean score of males and females denotes that the females have a better attitude towards the platform with mean 4.07, in comparison to males with mean 3.85. Healthcare professionals belonging to older age groups (above 50 years) are resistant towards adopting telehealth and are more comfortable in the traditional ways of consultation. This study developed a conceptual framework to determine healthcare professionals’ attitude towards telehealth services. Healthcare professionals (Dental surgeons, nutritionists, physiotherapists and alternative medicine) having less experience are more adaptive towards telemedicine platforms compared to healthcare professionals with higher experience. For the adoption of digital mode amongst the older age group of clinicians, frequent demonstrations through webinars and workshops are needed. A noteworthy benefit of telemedicine lies in its potential to alleviate costs and efforts, particularly for rural patients who can forgo arduous journeys for consultations and treatment.

Wheeled and Seated Mobility Devices Provision: Quantitative Findings and SWOT Thematic Analysis of a Global Occupational Therapist Survey.

To better understand the global role of occupational therapists and explore facilitators and barriers impacting user access to high quality, affordable wheeled and seated mobility device (WSMD) provision worldwide. Mixed-method approach utilizing quantitative findings and qualitative strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of a global online survey. A total of 696 occupational therapists from 61 countries completed the survey. Almost 49% had 10 or more years of experience with the provision of WSMDs. WSMD provision had positive, significant associations with attainment of certification (0.000), higher service funding (0.000), higher country income (0.001), standardized training (0.003), continuous professional development (0.004), higher experience (0.004), higher user satisfaction (0.032), custom-made device provision (0.038), higher staff capacity (0.040), and more time working with users (0.050); negative, significant associations were identified with high cost of WSMDs (0.006) and pre-made device provision (0.019). SWOT analysis identified high country income, funding, experience, training, certification from global partners, variety of roles and practice settings, and interdisciplinary teamwork as strengths and opportunities for professional growth, while low country income, lack of time/staff capacity/standardization/support services, and poor access to proper devices were indicated as weaknesses and threats. Occupational therapists are skilled healthcare professionals and provide a variety of WSMD services. Efforts to build collaborative partnerships, enhance access to occupational therapists and funding options, improve service and standards for WMSD service delivery, and promote professional development will help to overcome challenges and facilitate WSMD provision globally. Promoting practices based on best available evidence for WSMD provision worldwide should be prioritized.

Effectiveness of ICT-based Agro-met Advisory Services in Addressing the Information Needs of Farmers in Assam

In the present global scenario, which witnesses extreme climate change amounting to frequent vagaries of weather, the need for agro-met advisory services becomes noteworthy. In this digital era, ICT off ers enormous potential to disseminate agro-met information and is being used by various stakeholders to cater the needs for information by the farmers. The study was conducted during the year 2021 with 100 benefi ciaries of ICT-based agromet advisory services furnished by KVK, government departments and various NGOs in Darrang district of Assam to assess its eff ectiveness. The eff ectiveness was measured using fi ve dimensions. Nearly 3/4th (74%) of farmers in the study area perceived the information to be timely. In terms of quality, utility, ease of understanding and satisfaction, majority of the respondents considered it to be of moderate level. The radar chart presented using normalized values of diff erent components of eff ectiveness depicts that ease of understanding contributes most to the eff ective use of the services. Relational analysis through multivariate regression found that Experience of farming signifi cant at 10% level. Variables Education and ICT tools used were signifi cant at 5% level. R2 (Coeffi cient of determination) value being 0.556, it was concluded that 55.6% of variance in the dependent variable i.e., eff ectiveness of agro-met advisory services was due to explained factors. Hence while selecting the benefi ciaries for agro-met advisory services, factors like higher experience in farming, higher level of education and use of ICT tools may be considered to increase the eff ective use of these services.

The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among emergency medical services personnel in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Emergency medical services personnel are not aware of the significance and the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among them and its effect on their mental well-being and the quality of patient care. Objective: The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD and its associated factors among emergency medical services personnel in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted including all accessible emergency medical services personnel working at five hospitals in Riyadh during the period from November to December 2022. Data were collected using the three-phase method including identification of eligible care providers, approaching using an interview-based questionnaire, and recruitment of the questionnaires that were administered to all pre-hospital care providers. Results: A total of 138 emergency personnel were included. A total of 74 (53.6%) were emergency specialists, 12 (8.7%) were emergency technicians, 39 (28.3%) were interns or physicians, and 13 (9.4%) were nurses or paramedics. The most endorsed symptoms included loss of interest in activities that the participants used to enjoy (45.7%), followed by feeling very upset when something reminded them of the stressful experience (44.2%), and trouble falling or staying asleep. A total of 42 (30.4%) participants experienced PTSD (95% CI: 23.1%-38.2%). Conclusion: The current study revealed that nearly one out of each three emergency personnel experienced symptoms coping with PTSD. The higher rate was estimated among old age and participants with higher experience years. Avoiding memories and sleep disturbance were the most reported symptoms.

Tertiary Students’ Perception of Mobile Legend Game on Vocabulary Mastery

The phenomenon of mobile legend is quite widespread among tertiary students,because all of this game this game is using English, unique, and everyone interested to play this game. . The purpose of this research was to investigate students' perceptions of mobile legends on vocabulary. A qualitative research method with thematic analysis was applied in this research and the subjects of this research were four students of the Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah. Coming to different departments namely; 2 English students with higher experience in learning English, and 2 non English students with less experience in learning English. Based on the result of interview, there were four themes found, namely; Curiosity,Interaction,Obstacle,Confidence, it is implied that all of the EFL students’ have the same level in the curiosity and confidence theme, therefore all of the EFL students’ had the different level in interaction and obstacle. It turned out that the educational background had an impact on this research.

Does clinical experience with dental traumatology impact 2D and 3D radiodiagnostic performance in paediatric dentists? An exploratory study

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of experience with traumatic dental injuries (TDI) on paediatric dentists’ performance and self-assessed confidence when radiodiagnosing traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and to explore whether this is influenced by the imaging technique used (2D versus 3D).Materials and methodsBoth 2D and 3D radiological images of young anterior permanent teeth having experienced dental trauma were assessed randomly by a panel of paediatric dentists using structured scoring sheets. The impact of level of experience with dental traumatology on radiological detection, identification and interpretation of lesions and on observer’s self-assessed confidence was evaluated. Findings were compared to benchmark data deriving from expert consensus of an experienced paediatric endodontologist and dentomaxillofacial radiologist. Results were analysed using generalized linear mixed modelling.ResultsOverall, observers performed moderately to poor, irrespective of their level of TDI experience and imaging modality used. No proof could be yielded that paediatric dentists with high TDI experience performed better than those with low experience, for any of the outcomes and irrespective of the imaging modality used. When comparing the use of 3D images with 2D images, significantly higher sensitivities for the detection and correct identification of anomalies were observed in the low experienced group (P < 0.05). This was not the case regarding interpretation of the findings. Self-assessed confidence was significantly higher in more experienced dentists, both when using 2D and 3D images (P < 0.05).ConclusionThere was no proof that paediatric dentist’s higher experience with TDI is associated with better radiodiagnostic performance. Neither could it be proven that the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) contributes to an improved interpretation of findings, for any experience level. More experienced dentists feel more confident, irrespective of the imaging modality used, but this does not correlate with improved performance. The overall poor performance in image interpretation highlights the importance of teaching and training in both dental radiology and dental traumatology.

Primary Healthcare Physicians’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Diabetic Foot Prevention and Management in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Aim of Study: To assess primary healthcare (PHC) physicians’ knowledge, attitude, and practices related to prevention and management of diabetic foot. Methods: Following a cross-sectional study design, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to PHC physicians in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practices related to diabetic foot prevention and management. Results: The study included 150 PHC physicians, out of whom 55.3% were males. General practitioners comprised 63.3%, specialists 20% and consultants 16.7% of the sample. There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge, attitude and practice scores of PHC physicians. Mean percent knowledge scores were highest among family physicians than those with other specialties (p=0.048), and were significantly highest among physicians with more than 10 years’ experience in PHC (p=0.032). Attitude scores did not differ significantly according to their personal characteristics. Practice scores were highest among family physicians than those with other specialties (p=0.041). Conclusion: PHC physicians’ knowledge and attitude toward diabetic foot prevention and management are good but their practice is suboptimal. There are significantly positive correlations between knowledge, attitude and practices of PHC physicians. Those who have higher experience in PHC have higher knowledge, attitude and practices toward diabetic foot management. Keywords: Diabetic foot, knowledge, attitude, practice, primary healthcare.

Sources of Social Pressures and Their Relationship to Decision-Making Among School Principals in Marka District in Jordan from the Point of View of Teachers

The current study aimed to identify the sources of stress and their relationship to decision-making among school principals in Marka District in Jordan from the teachers' point of view. To achieve this aim, a questionnaire was developed consisting of (46) items, and its validity and reliability indications were verified. It was applied to a sample of (346) male and female teachers whom were chosen randomly. The study concluded that there is an average level in each of the sources of social pressures and decision-making among the principals of Marka District schools in Jordan, as well as the existence of a negative and statistically significant correlation between each of the social pressures and decision-making, as it was found that there are no statistically significant differences in social pressures du to gender, where there is statistically significant differences in decision-making. du to gender and in favor of male. It was also found that there were no differences due to experience and in favor of those with less experience in the level of social pressures, and in favor of those with higher experience in the decision-making process, while it was found that there were no differences in both pressures and decision-making due to academic qualification. and principals. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education lay the foundations, ways and methods and provide factors that work to reduce the negative effects of the sources of social pressures, which in turn affect the decision-making of principals. Keywords: sources of social pressures, decision-making. School principals, Marka District, Jordan DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-19-15 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

PD33-04 PRIOR SURGICAL EXPERIENCE AND THE IMPACT ON PERIOPERATIVE OUTCOMES IN ROBOT-ASSISTED PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY: A MULTICENTER ANALYSIS WITH 2,500 PATIENTS

PD33-04 PRIOR SURGICAL EXPERIENCE AND THE IMPACT ON PERIOPERATIVE OUTCOMES IN ROBOT-ASSISTED PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY: A MULTICENTER ANALYSIS WITH 2,500 PATIENTS

SARS-COV-2 AND TUBERCULOSIS CO-INFECTION: AUDIT ON PATIENT EXPERIENCE ON TREATMENT SERVICES AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR RESPIRATORY DISEASES-WELISARA, SRI LANKA

Background:Patients who are well informed and motivated are more likely to utilize health services, thus, it improves adherence to medication. Hence, this audit aimed to improve the patient experience on treatment services at the National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases (NHRD), Welisara, Sri Lanka. Methods:Patients admitted from 15th August 2021 to 25th February 2022 to the NHRD and diagnosed with COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection were included. Twnety-two (22) process indicators were used and data were collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire.Sixty-percent of thepatients had a good experience for each service received was the standard. Data were presented as frequency distributions and mean with their standard deviation (SD). Informed written consent was obtained prior to the data collection. Results: Out of 60 patients who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 and TB co-infection, 59 were responded (response rate was 98.3%). A majority were males (n=47, 79.7%) and belonged to 41 to 60 age category (n=29, 49.2%). Ten indicators did not meet the standard. The highest experience was shown in perceived waiting time (mean 86.8, SD ± 8.8) and the lowest experience was shown in perceived time spent with the health care provider (mean 57.9, SD ± 11.8). More than half (n=31, 52.5%) of the patients reported overall good experiences on treatment services. However, age and gender did not show any significant relationship with the good experience of treatment services received (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: This audit shows the marginally good experience of treatment services received, but highlight areas such as time to discuss with the doctor, instructions on treatment given by the doctor and information given on available services on continuation of TB treatment are needed much improvement even in the pandemic situation.