Higher Energy Levels Research Articles

Changes of Intra Ocular Pressure After Nd: Yag Laser Capsulotomy in Rangpur Medical College Hospital

Background: Posterior capsule opacification is the most common disabling sequelae of modern cataract surgery. In Bangladesh we are practicing Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy in treating posterior capsule opacification. Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate intraocular pressure before and after performing Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy in posterior capsular opacification. Methods: A prospective study conducted at Ophthalmology Department, Rangpur Medical College Hospital from July to December 2018 focused on diagnosing and treating posterior capsular opacification with Nd: YAG laser of 50 patients. Patients underwent thorough ophthalmic evaluations before receiving laser treatment by a consultant ophthalmologist. Key information including patient details, pre-laser IOP measurements, laser parameters, and post-procedure IOP measurements were recorded after 60 minutes, 24 hours, 7 days, 14 days, 30 days in a specially designed proforma. Results: The baseline average IOP was 13.24. After one hour of ND: YAG Laser capsulotomy, 41 patients (82%) had raised IOP. There were no changes in IOP in 9 patients (18%). Six of the nine patients were in the 40-60 mj energy group, while three were in the 61-80 mj energy group. All patients who received high energy (81-100 mJ) had a statistically significant rise in IOP. IOP returned to baseline levels within 7 days of ND:YAG Laser capsulotomy with no intervention, and remained normal after 14 and 30 days. Conclusion: The result suggested that a transient rise of intraocular pressure occurs almost invariably. High energy level used during Nd:YAG Laser capsulotomy had significantly more chances of raised IOP. But IOP comes to almost baseline within 7 days without any interventions. It is recommended that each patient undergoing Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy should receive minimum amount of energy and patient should be followed up for rise in IOP and managed accordingly. J Rang Med Col. September 2024; Vol. 9, No. 2: 56-60

Origin of the contrasting magnetic stability of antiferromagnetic CuMnAs and CuMnSb

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials exhibit great potential for next-generation spintronic applications because they have some unique characteristics compared to ferromagnetic (FM) materials. For example, the successful electrical manipulation and detection of the Néel vector at room temperature was recently realized for AFM CuMnAs in its tetragonal phase. The Néel temperature (TN) for tetragonal CuMnAs is about 480 K. In contrast, cubic half-Heusler CuMnSb, despite it is isovalent to CuMnAs, exhibits a notably lower TN of about 50 K, limiting its applicability in spintronic devices. The physical origin behind the stark difference in TN between the two compounds remains unclear. In this study, we investigate both CuMnAs and CuMnSb in both tetragonal and cubic phases. We find that the band crossing between the valence band and conduction band is more pronounced in CuMnSb compared to CuMnAs. This disparity arises from the higher energy level of the Sb 5p orbital relative to the As 4p orbital, resulting in a greater abundance of carriers in CuMnSb than in CuMnAs. Utilizing the effective band coupling model, we establish a relationship between carrier concentration and magnetic stability and confirm that the elevated carrier concentration is the origin of the weakened antiferromagnetism observed in both phases of CuMnSb.

Enhancing up-conversion luminescence in Yb/Er co-doped CsPbCl3 single crystals

The search for and fabrication of materials for the near-infrared range of the spectrum, including telecommunication windows, is an extremely important task in modern technology. This work presents the results of studies on the photoluminescence of CsPbCl3 single crystals with varying contents of ytterbium and erbium impurities, grown using the Bridgman method. The existence of electrically neutral Yb3+–VPb–Er3+ complexes within the crystal structure was confirmed. Resonant absorption of excitation radiation λ = 980 nm by Yb3+ ions reveals a three-step energy transfer channel from Yb3+ to Er3+ ions within a single complex. The estimated quantum yield of up-conversion luminescence at λ = 524 nm (0.02%) associated with erbium ions indicates the presence of electronic transitions to higher energy levels, with the possibility of subsequent emission within the third telecommunication window.

Maximal steered coherence in accelerating Unruh–DeWitt detectors

Quantum coherence, a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, plays a crucial role in various quantum information tasks. However, preserving coherence under extreme conditions, such as relativistic acceleration, poses significant challenges. In this paper, we investigate the influence of Unruh temperature and energy levels on the evolution of maximal steered coherence (MSC) for different initial states. Our results reveal that MSC is strongly dependent on Unruh temperature, exhibiting behaviors ranging from monotonic decline to non-monotonic recovery, depending on the initial state parameter Δ0. Notably, when Δ0=1, MSC is generated as Unruh temperature increases. Additionally, we observe that higher energy levels help preserve or enhance MSC in the presence of Unruh effects. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate relationship between relativistic effects and quantum coherence, with potential applications in developing robust quantum technologies for non-inertial environments.

Research on prediction of high energy microseismic events in rock burst mines based on BP neural network

In response to the frequent occurrence of high-energy microseismic events in coal mines in China, a back propagation neural network (BPNN) prediction model based on surface subsidence data has been proposed to provide a basis for safely and efficiently predicting coal mine disasters. Theoretical research on the relationship between surface displacement, mining disturbance, and high-energy microseismic event levels has demonstrated a significant correlation among these factors. When there is a sudden increase or decrease in surface displacement or mining disturbance, the advancing working face typically exhibits dynamic characteristics. Therefore, feature parameters relevant to predicting high-energy microseismic event levels were selected as input variables for the BPNN model. Raw data from 88 sets of microseismic events in the 301 working face of the third mining area of a certain coal mine in Inner Mongolia were extracted. First, outlier preprocessing was conducted to obtain a complete dataset, which is then divided into a training set and a testing set. The BPNN model was trained with the training set and subsequently tested to evaluate its predictive performance. Finally, by comparing several model evaluation metrics, it was found that the BPNN model outperforms other common models in predicting high-energy events. The overall prediction accuracy is 86.4%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.45, indicating that the BPNN-based prediction model for high-energy microseismic events in coal mines is feasible.

Typhoon‐Induced Near‐Inertial Waves Around Miyakojima Island in 2015

AbstractIn 2015, four typhoons traversed the regions surrounding the Ryukyu Island Chain, resulting in different near‐inertial waves (NIWs), the characteristics of which were investigated through in situ observations around Miyakojima Island and numerical simulations covering the East Asian marginal seas. The spatial distribution of typhoon‐induced near‐inertial motions was significantly correlated with the typhoon tracks and background currents. Typhoons Chan‐hom and Goni traversed the observation transect, resulting in different spatial patterns of NIWs owing to their different tracks. Observations on both the western and eastern sides of the Ryukyu Island Chain failed to capture NIWs after typhoon Chan‐hom, because they were positioned to the left of the typhoon track where near‐inertial motions were enhanced only in the upper 50 m. In contrast, NIWs were negligible on the left side and energetic on the right side of typhoon Goni. Despite being hundreds of kilometers from the observation transect, typhoons Soudelor and Dujuan induced NIWs with higher energy levels than those induced by typhoons Chan‐hom and Goni. The energy propagation of NIWs after typhoons Soudelor and Dujuan was significantly influenced by background currents. The western boundary currents, including the Kuroshio and Ryukyu Currents, create negative relative vorticity on their right, which works like a waveguide for the poleward advection of NIWs. However, the Ryukyu Current can be impeded by westward‐propagating cyclonic eddies from the North Pacific, which further disrupts the waveguide.

Age at first gestation in bovine influences female progeny post-weaning growth and reproductive development

This study investigated the impact of the age at which heifers conceive for the first time on the growth and reproductive development of their female offspring. A total of seven heifers pregnant at 15 months of age (15M), nine heifers pregnant at 27 months of age (27M) and seven multiparous pregnant cows (Adult) were used in the present trial. All dams were pregnant by AI from a single sire and managed in a single group during gestation, lactation and rearing stages. After weaning heifer calves were stocked on natural pastures. Progeny of heifers that gestated for the first time at different ages did not present differences in growth; however, progeny of 15 and 27M dams had reduced BW, longissimus muscle area and 12th fat thickness compared to progeny of adult dams (P < 0.05). Diameter of the largest follicle was greater in progeny born to Adult compared to progeny born to 15 and 27M (P = 0.04). Reproductive tract score (RTS) in heifers born to Adult at 399 days of age was greater compared to heifers born to 27M, and this category presented greater development than heifers born to 15M (P = 0.02). At 435 days of age, the heifers born to Adult had a greater percentage defined as pubertal compared to the progeny of 15 and 27M (P = 0.04). At 495 days of age, the weight of uterus, ovaries and corpora lutea were not affected by the age of dams at calving (P > 0.25). These data indicated that the age at which heifers received their first service affects female offspring growth RTS at early ages, but it does not have any impact in organ development after diet with a high energy level.

Dynamical quantum phase transitions in an atom-molecule system

We conduct an investigation on the dynamical quantum phase transition within an atom-molecule Bose–Einstein condensate. We explore the dynamics of atom-molecule conversion and utilize the fraction population of the atom as an order parameter for probing dynamical quantum phase transitions. It is shown that the quench dynamics of the atom presents a non-analytical change regarding the atom binding energy, and it is demonstrated that this dynamics can detect both the quantum phase transition at the ground state and at the highest energy level. Furthermore, we analyze the dynamics of the Loschmidt echo and present its connection with the dynamical quantum phase transitions.

To Study the Dietary and Lifestyle Modification on Prediabetic Patients

This study uses convenient sampling and primary data to examine the impact of Diet and lifestyle changes on prediabetic patients. Based on their pre-existing blood reports, participants were chosen and enrolled in the study. Personalized meal plans with an emphasis on balanced nutrition, less refined sugar and carbohydrate intake, and more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables given to the respondent. Respondent were also urged to incorporate frequent physical activity according to their preferences and fitness levels. Self-reported questionnaires, food diaries, physical activity logs, and recurring clinician evaluations were used to collect data in order to track changes in body mass index (BMI), blood glucose levels, and other health indicators. Significant gains in individual’s BMI, glycaemic management, and general well-being were shown by statistical studies. Participants notably reported higher levels of energy and improved quality of life, proving the viability and advantages of non-pharmacological therapies in the management of prediabetes. The study emphasizes how important customized, allencompassing strategies are for managing prediabetes and preventing diabetes. These results offer useful information to help legislators and healthcare professionals create and carry out successful preventative initiatives.

Plasmon-enhanced hydrogen production from photocatalytic methanol aqueous-phase reforming over novel nickel-tin intermetallic compounds photocatalyst

Hydrogen production from the aqueous phase reforming (APR) of methanol is promising to reduce the global carbon dioxide emission, but it is still a great challenge for hydrogen production with high catalytic efficiency at low reaction temperature. Here we report that Al2O3 supported Ni3Sn1 intermetallic compounds nanoparticles as new class of plasmonic photocatalyst and enables low temperature (150–190 °C), efficient hydrogen production (277μmol g−1 min−1) and low CO and CH4 selectivity (≤ 0.1 %) through APR with the help of light irradiation. The hydrogen production rate of Ni3Sn1/Al2O3 is 8 times higher than that of conventional noble metal 3 wt% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst under the same optimized reaction conditions. The exceptional photocatalytic performance for hydrogen production can be attribute to higher efficiency of “hot electron” transference into the reactant due to the higher energy level of “hot electron” and the lower energy level of metal-reactant adsorption bond induced by Sn doping in Ni3Sn1 under light irradiation, which not only improve the reactivity via enhanced methanol dissociation and the sequential water–gas shift (WGS) reaction, but also suppressed catalyst poisoning via accelerated CO2 desorption over the Ni sites.

Measurements of the Rovibrationally Dependent Lifetimes of C2 in the 13Σg+ and f3Σg- States through the VUV-Pump-UV-Probe Scheme.

The dicarbon molecule, C2, is one of the most important diatomic species in various gaseous environments. Despite extensive spectroscopic studies in the last two centuries, the radiative and photodissociative properties of C2 in its highly excited electronic states are still largely unexplored, particularly in the short vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region. In this study, the lifetimes of C2 for rotational levels in the recently identified 13Σg+ state up to the vibrational level ν' = 4 and in the f3Σg- state up to ν' = 2 are measured for the first time with a VUV-pump-UV-probe photoionization scheme. It is found that all rovibrational levels in the f3Σg- state have lifetimes shorter than the dynamical limit of ∼4.7 ns of the present method, and the lifetimes in the 13Σg+ state show obvious and complex dependence on the rotational and vibrational quantum levels. Generally, the lifetime in the 13Σg+ state becomes shorter at higher rotational and vibrational levels, i.e., the longest lifetime measured in the ν' = 0 level is ∼18 ns, while all rotational levels in the ν' = 4 level are found to have shorter lifetimes than ∼4.7 ns. This implies that predissociation might occur and become more prominent at the higher energy levels in the 13Σg+ state. The prominent dependence of the lifetime on the rotational, vibrational and electronic level indicates complex dynamical processes in the highly excited states of C2.

Deep-supercooling preservation of stem cell spheroids for chondral defect repairment

Versatile mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs in 3D spheroid have shown higher secretion and differentiation functions than suspended counterparts, and, thus, invitro cryopreservation of MSC spheroids is an indispensable technology to bridge the spatiotemporal gaps between spheroid generation and application. Traditional cryopreservation methods are inapplicable for spheroid due to severe thermal stress, toxic cryoprotectants, and ice formation. Here, we constructed and preserved human MSC (hMSC) spheroids via deep supercooling (DSC). Spheroids were DSC preserved at -12°C without ice formation for 7days, with higher cell viability, energy level, and chondrogenic differentiation capacity than suspended hMSCs. hMSCs embedded in spheroids have close cell-cell interactions via N-cadherin to activate the AKT-cytochrome c-caspase anti-apoptotic cascade during DSC preservation. Finally, preserved hMSC spheroids were capable of chondrogenic differentiation and can be co-delivered with collagen to treat rat cartilage defects invivo.

Progressive Damage Model of Carbon-fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates under Low-velocity Impact Loading

The study quantitatively investigates the mechanical structural behavior and damage mechanisms of composite laminates under low-velocity impacts using Abaqus software. A three-dimensional Puck criterion is utilized to identify the onset of fiber failure and matrix cracking under tensile and compressive loading conditions. Two progressive damage evolution models are implemented to simulate damage propagation during impact. The model also incorporates cohesive elements with a bilinear traction-separation law to represent interlaminar damage. The performance of the model is validated by comparing its predictions against experimental results for a composite laminate with a stacking sequence of [0°3/45°/-45°2/45°/0°3] subjected to different impact energies (2 J, 4 J, and 8 J). Despite a slight reduction in accuracy at higher energy levels, the model effectively predicts forcedisplacement curves and energy absorption. The deviation from experimental results is approximately ±6%. This research offers a basis for enhancing the impact resistance and energy absorption characteristics of composite materials.

Remarkable improvement in radiation shielding efficiency, thermal insulation performance and compressive strength of rigid polyurethane foam composites by synergetic effect of PbO and colemanite fillers

Developing radiation shielding materials is a critical phenomenon for protecting people and the environment with the increment in usage of nuclear technology in today's world. With this sense, PbO/colemanite-filled rigid polyurethane foams were fabricated by one-shut free rise method, and their performances were investigated via the advanced characterization techniques such as ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDS, TGA as well as thermal conductivity, universal mechanical and radiation shielding tests. The characteristic properties of the samples were evaluated in detail depending on the variation in the filler contents. The ATR-FTIR analysis illustrated that RPUF matrices exhibited good compatibility with the fillers by forming the secondary chemical bonds. Furthermore, SEM analysis revealed that the samples with low PbO/colemanite fillers exhibited fairly uniform and regular cellular morphology with anisotropic elliptical apparition thanks to synergetic catalytic effect of the filler particles, whereas, at high content, some local distortions with slightly chaotic appearance were observed accompanied by viewing the little ruptures and bursts in cell face and collapsed in cell plateau borders. TGA measurement indicated that the inclusion of the fillers into RPUF got worse the samples with comparison of neat RPUF due to the reduction in crosslinking density of the foam. Remarkable improvement (about 25 %) was also obtained in thermal insulation performance at the foam composites containing the fillers due to highly augmentation in number of closed cells and presence of more immobile CO2 gas inside the cells. Furthermore, high inclusion of the fillers in RPUF matrix improved compressive strength of the foams by nearly 15 % by enhancing the bending moment and rigidity of RPUF matrices via contributing to the overall stress dispersion. According to linear and mass attenuation coefficients results, the foam composites displayed excellent X-ray radiation shielding performance with increasing of PbO/colemanite content thanks to the density increment and presence of the atoms with high atomic number. Furthermore, at low photon energy levels, better shielding against X-ray radiation was obtained, while vice versa at high energy levels.

Core excitation in 92Mo up to high-spin

Abstract An in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy study of the even-even nucleus 92Mo&amp;#xD;has been carried out using the 30Si + 65Cu, 18O + 80Se reactions at beam energies of&amp;#xD;120 and 99 MeV, respectively. Angular distribution from oriented state ratio (RADO)&amp;#xD;and linear polarization (Δasym) measurements have fixed most of the tentatively&amp;#xD;assigned spin-parity of the high energy levels. A large-scale shell-model calculation&amp;#xD;using the GWBXG interaction has been carried out to understand the configuration&amp;#xD;and structure of both positive and negative parity states up to the highest observed&amp;#xD;spin. The high-spin states primarily originate from the coupling of excited proton and&amp;#xD;neutron-core structures in an almost stretched manner. The systematics of energy&amp;#xD;required for forming a neutron particle-hole pair excitation, νg9/2→νd5/2, is discussed.&amp;#xD;Lifetime of few high-spin states have been measured using DSAM. Additionally, a&amp;#xD;qualitative argument is proposed to explain the comparatively strong E1 transition&amp;#xD;feeding the 7310.9-keV level.

Band Engineering of Mn-P Alloy Enables HER-suppressed Aqueous Manganese Ion Batteries.

Aqueous manganese ion batteries hold potential for stationary storage applications owing to their merits in cost, energy density, and environmental sustainability. However, the formidable challenge is the instability of metallic manganese (Mn) anodes in aqueous electrolytes due to severe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is more serious than the commonly studied Zn metal anodes. Moreover, the mechanism of HER side reactions has remained unclear. Herein, we design a series of Mn-P alloying anodes by precisely regulating their energy band structures to mitigate the HER issue. It is found that the serious HER primarily originates from the spontaneous Mn-H2O reaction driven by the excessively high HOMO energy level of Mn, rather than electrocatalytic water splitting. Owing to a reduced HOMO energy level and enhanced electron escape work function, the MnP anode achieves an evidently enhanced cycle durability (over 1000 hours at a high current density of 5 mA cm-2). The MnP||AgVO full cell with an N/P ratio of 4 exhibits better rate capability and extended cycle life (7000 cycles) with minimal capacity degradation than the cell using metallic Mn anode (less than 100 cycles). This study provides a practical approach for developing highly durable aqueous Mn ion batteries.

Band Engineering of Mn‐P Alloy Enables HER‐suppressed Aqueous Manganese Ion Batteries

AbstractAqueous manganese ion batteries hold potential for stationary storage applications owing to their merits in cost, energy density, and environmental sustainability. However, the formidable challenge is the instability of metallic manganese (Mn) anodes in aqueous electrolytes due to severe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is more serious than the commonly studied Zn metal anodes. Moreover, the mechanism of HER side reactions has remained unclear. Herein, we design a series of Mn−P alloying anodes by precisely regulating their energy band structures to mitigate the HER issue. It is found that the serious HER primarily originates from the spontaneous Mn‐H2O reaction driven by the excessively high HOMO energy level of Mn, rather than electrocatalytic water splitting. Owing to a reduced HOMO energy level and enhanced electron escape work function, the MnP anode achieves an evidently enhanced cycle durability (over 1000 hours at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2). The MnP||AgVO full cell with an N/P ratio of 4 exhibits better rate capability and extended cycle life (7000 cycles) with minimal capacity degradation than the cell using metallic Mn anode (less than 100 cycles). This study provides a practical approach for developing highly durable aqueous Mn ion batteries

Radiation Dose Calculation Analysis During The Dismantling of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources at CNESTEN: MCNP Code Simulation Results

Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS) present significant risks of radiation exposure and environmental contamination during dismantling. Despite their sealed nature, DSRS can emit ionizing radiation, necessitating careful management to mitigate health risks. This article presents the MCNP simulation results of dosimetric operational quantities, namely Hp(3), Hp(10), and H(0.07), for hands and feet. This study focuses on a 60Co source, due to its high radiation energy levels and widespread use in various socioeconomic sectors. The assessment of radiation exposure levels enabled the improvement of occupational radiation protection measures related to critical areas and steps in the dismantling process. According to the obtained results with the 60Co source at its initial activity, and considering the maximum task duration, the dismantling process contributes to approximately 72.35 % of the daily dose limit of 80 µSv for worker category A, for the whole body. Therefore, these findings can contribute to a better understanding of radiation exposure risks and confirm compliance with regulatory requirements.

The algorithmic nature of song-sequencing: statistical regularities in music albums

Based on a review of anecdotal beliefs, we explored statistical patterns of track-sequencing within a large set of released music albums. We found that songs with high levels of valence, energy and loudness are more likely to be positioned at the beginning of each album. We also found that transitions between consecutive tracks tend to alternate between increases and decreases of valence and energy. These findings were used to build a system which automates the process of album-sequencing. Our results and hypothesis have both practical and theoretical applications. Practically, sequencing regularities can be used to inform playlist generation systems. Theoretically, we show that professional musicians and music producers have significant levels of agreement about how to determine the order of tracks in their albums.

Naphthalene-Arylamine starburst architectures: Novel hole transport materials for enhanced OLED performance

The excellent hole transfer material (HTM) is beneficial to improve the stability of the device, reduce turn-on voltage(Von) and make full use of the potential performance of the developed emissive materials. In this work, we designed and synthesized four HTMs with triarylamine and naphthalene compounds - SHT1- SHT4. The characteristics of these four compounds were investigated by TGA, DSC. UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra. These four HTMs all exhibit excellent hole transmission capability for their high triplet energy levels (ET), outstanding thermal property, morphological stabilities and appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels with emissive layer (EML). Four top-emission blue OLEDs with SHT1 - SHT4 as hole transport layer (HTL) were fabricated and show good electroluminescence (EL) property. The results show that the device incorporating SHT3 exhibit the best device performances with a low Von of 2.79 V, external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 19.7 %, highest current efficiency (CEmax) and highest Power efficiency (PEmax) of 8.86 cd A−1 and 9.05 lm/W, respectively.