Institutes Of Higher Education Research Articles

Assessment of volatile organic compounds in indoor and outdoor environment – A study on air quality impact assessment

Objectives: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a type of pollutant that causes health risks and can be present in both indoor and outdoor environments. VOCs originate mainly from solvents and chemicals used at home or in offices and also from vehicle emissions. The current research work was aimed at the detection and quantification of VOCs indoor and outdoor at Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Material and Methods: Air was drawn through an adsorbent tube with a pump at a steady flow rate (100 mL min-1) for an hour to gather samples using the active sampling approach. Thermal desorption in combination with a gas chromatography (GC) analyzer was used to estimate the levels of hazardous VOCs, namely benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX) compounds. Results: VOCs were analyzed using the GC-mass spectroscopy technique. The finding shows the levels of BTEX as benzene (0.05–0.11 μg/m3), toluene (0.44–1.27 μg/m3), ethylbenzene (0.012–0.03 μg/m3), m-xylene (0.009–0.027 μg/m3), p-xylene (0.007–0.025 μg/m3), and o-xylene (0.003–0.019 μg/m3) compounds. Conclusion: The BTEX levels were observed to be well below the maximum acceptable limit. VOC emissions can be reduced by making process changes or by installing air pollution control equipment.

Leveraging Covert Curriculum in the Nurturing of Entrepreneurial Mindsets among Higher Education Students

The field of entrepreneurial education has received increased global research interest in recent decades. This is evident in the simultaneous recognition and interrogation of the roles of the institutions of higher education in the enhancement of students’ entrepreneurial skills. The analysis of extant and recent studies beckons the need for a multi-layered and complex review of the strategic position of the institutions of higher education in this enterprise. Continued promotion and internalization of entrepreneurial values and skills demand deliberate engagement and integration of the covert curriculum at the institution of higher education. This article utilizes an in-depth review of literature to ascertain the state of entrepreneurial study in South Africa's institutes of higher education. To exploit the current wave of increased interest in entrepreneurial education in the South African context, it is important to draw attention to the current state of entrepreneurial education with the view to unpacking the ambiguities and gaps in the existing approach. This paper enriches the comprehension and analysis of gaps in current trends of entrepreneurial education in South African higher education institutions. It positively contributes to the practice of entrepreneurial education in South Africa through its arguments for a reconsideration of the teaching pedagogies to intentionally and extensively incorporate the covert curriculum towards the internalisation and efficacy of entrepreneurial skills in South African institutions of higher education.

Influence of Parental Education on Decision-Making Factors for Choosing Fee-levying Higher Education Institutes among Computer Science Undergraduates in Sri Lanka

The choice of a fee-levying higher education institute (HEI) is critical for students as it can significantly impact their future. However, research indicates that the process students follow to select an HEI is complex and is carried out in several stages. Hence parents often become involved in the selection process to help their children make the right choice. With the rising number of fee-levying HEIs, the higher education sector has become highly competitive and institutes invest heavily in strategies to attract not only students but also parents. Furthermore, Sri Lanka’s growing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector has resulted in a rise in the enrolments of undergraduates majoring in computer science (CS). Hence, the main objective of this study was to determine if parental education influences the key determinants namely, internal characteristics of students, institute-specific factors, and communication methods used by HEIs, shaping Sri Lankan students’ choice of a fee-levying HEI for CS degrees. The study used a quantitative approach, and data was collected from 510 students studying at eight fee-levying HEIs using the survey method. The results of the study revealed that neither fathers’ nor mothers’ education has an impact on any of the three key determinants. Hence, HEIs can consider this outcome when formulating their student enrolment strategies. Further research is also suggested with samples that include a higher percentage of students having parents with higher education and parents of students from other disciplines besides CS before generalising this outcome to the higher education sector of Sri Lanka.

Digital Maturity Model for Continuous Improvement

The present research work presents the development and implementation of a Digital Maturation Model (MMD) designed and adapted to the Institute of Higher Education, Establishing the degree of Digital Maturity present in the Institute of Higher Education located in Orizaba, through the development and application of a Digital Maturity Model. Outlining strategic planning oriented to the analysis necessary to generate improvement proposals through the use of digital technologies, increasing efficiency and competitiveness, improving the service offered. The present research will take a quantitative methodology through a longitudinal study with the intention of obtaining a before and after, through a quantifiable approach, obtaining the evaluation of the Digital Maturity Index and the detection of areas of opportunity for the proposal of improvements.

Impact Assessment of NEP and IPR on Institutes of Higher Education

Impact Assessment of NEP and IPR on Institutes of Higher Education

Evaluation of the Extent of Digital Divide among the Teachers in Healthcare Profession from Central India: A Research Protocol

Introduction: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has played a substantial role in the delivery of education. Despite the fact that technology-mediated interventions open up new avenues for health information dissemination and service delivery, there is concern that a knowledge gap, known as the digital divide, may exist. Need for study: In order to properly use technology and assist learners, educators must have technical abilities. Evidence from the literature suggests that educators lack the knowledge and skills required for ICT, leading to a digital divide. However, there is a dearth of data pertaining to the domains of the digital divide among healthcare educators in Central India. Aim: The observational study is designed to evaluate the status of the digital divide among healthcare educators in Central India. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study will be conducted at Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, along with the School of Health Professions Research in Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Permission will be obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee, Datte Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER) Deemed to be University (DU), over a period of two years spanning from July 2023 to June 2025. A minimum of 97 participants, comprising teachers from the healthcare profession in Central India, will participate in the survey to evaluate the status of the digital divide amongst healthcare educators in Central India.

Evaluation of Periodontal Status in Female Patients with Endometriosis: A Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Periodontal medicine indicates a strong relationship between Periodontal Health (PH) or disease and ‘systemic health.’ Although Periodontal Disease (PD) is quite distant from the area affected by endometriosis, both conditions share a similar pathogenesis. Both endometriosis and PD are chronic inflammatory diseases that occur more commonly in patients with systemic disorders. Moreover, significant alterations in immune modulators have been shown to occur in both diseases. Need for the Study: The research is to evaluate the correlation between endometriosis and PH for early diagnosis, treatment planning, and prevention of long-term sequelae. Aim: To evaluate the PH status in female patients with endometriosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study will be carried out in the Department of Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India from September 2023 to March 2024, involving 384 participants (192 patients diagnosed with endometriosis and 192 controls). Assessment of oral hygiene, plaque accumulation, gingival status, Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Gingival Recession (GR), and other factors will be measured to evaluate the PH of the patients.

Comparison of Arterial Stiffness among Prehypertensive and Normotensive Subjects using Photo Pulse Plethysmography: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Increased arterial stiffness is a marker of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), even before clinical signs and symptoms become evident. Hypertension is an established risk factor for CVD. However, recent studies have revealed increased arterial stiffness even among prehypertensives. Photo Pulse Plethysmography (PPG) is an efficient non-invasive, and cost-effective technique to measure arterial stiffness. Studying arterial stiffness using PPG can serve as a surrogate marker of Cardiovascular (CV) risk among prehypertensives. Aim: To compare arterial wall stiffness among prehypertensives and normotensives using PPG. Materials and Methods: This pilot study was conducted at the Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TamilNadu, India from December 2022 to February 2023. The study population included 10 non diabetic prehypertensives and 10 normotensives, aged between 30- 50 years, with normal lipid profiles. The peripheral pulse was recorded using a PPG module and digitised using AUDACITY software. The Arterial Stiffness Index (SI) was calculated and compared between the two groups. The correlation between anthropometry and arterial SI was also determined. Pearson’s correlation test was used to assess the association using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. Results: The SI was found to be higher in prehypertensives compared to normotensives, and this difference was statistically significant (p-value=0.04). SI showed a positive correlation with increasing Blood Pressure (BP) and anthropometric variables (Body Mass Index [BMI] and Waist-Hip Ratio [WHR]; r=0.2 and r=0.15, respectively); however, no significant relationship was observed among these variables. Conclusion: This study concludes that the SI, an important CV risk marker, shows a significant increase in prehypertensive subjects compared to normotensive subjects. However, SI showed mild positive correlation with BP and other anthropometric measurements, though not statistically significant.

Relationship between Gerotranscendence and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Elderly Population in Tertiary Care Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Gerotranscendence represents a shift in metaperspective, transitioning from a materialistic and rational outlook to a more cosmic and transcendent one. This phase fosters resilience in older individuals, enabling them to overcome the challenges and despondency associated with ageing, thereby promoting a positive embrace of the ageing process. Remarkably, individuals with high levels of gerotranscendence, even in the presence of poor oral health, demonstrate the capacity to cope and adapt to their circumstances. This adaptive capability may contribute to an enhancement in their self-reported Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Aim: To evaluate the relationship between gerotranscendence and OHRQoL among the elderly population in the Vidarbha region. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a 6-month period from March 2023 to August 2023 in collaboration with the Department of Prosthodontics and the Department of Public Health Dentistry at the Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra on 350 participants. The study included volunteers aged ≥70 years, residing in homes or old age homes, and those visiting tertiary healthcare centers. Methodologically, data collection employed a self-made organised proforma. Oral examinations were conducted using Type III inspections with a mouth mirror. Gerotranscendence was assessed using the Gerotranscendence Scale Type 2 (GST2), which was validated and translated into Marathi. The Geriatric OHRQoL was evaluated using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), also translated into Marathi. The study used Chi-square tests for categorical variables and Pearson’s and Spearman’s tests for correlation analyses. Results: The average gerotranscendence score was 23.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.96, 23.94), reflecting a mid-level of gerotranscendence, indicating that the gerotranscendence score was neither low nor high. According to Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests, the gerotranscendence score was significantly positively correlated with age and self-perceived need for treatment. The mean GOHAI score was 40.16 (95% CI: 39.55, 40.76). A substantial positive association between the GOHAI and self-perceived need for treatment was found using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests. When comparing gerotranscendence and GOHAI, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests revealed a significant positive association (p<0.001). Conclusion: Gerotranscendence was significantly positively correlated with OHRQoL, independent of objective oral status. Despite having poor oral health, elderly individuals with high levels of gerotranscendence may be better able to handle and adapt to their circumstances, which could result in an improvement in self-reported OHRQoL.

Assessment of Vranaropana (Wound Healing) Activity of Porana paniculata Roxb. in Wistar Albino Rats: An Experimental Study Protocol

Introduction: Ethnomedicine is the study of medicinal plants and their traditional uses in treating a variety of illnesses. Research on ethnomedicine and ethnobotany has great potential to grow and produce new medications. Because medicinal plants include a variety of biologically active compounds, documenting ethnomedicinal information is crucial to the discovery of novel molecules based on traditional knowledge. Need of the study: The plant Porana paniculata Roxb. has Ethno-medicinal properties. Traditional healers in the state of Chhattisgarh use its root paste topically to treat wounds and cure bone fractures. Only a single paper has been published on its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Its ability to cure wounds has not been the subject of any scientific research. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the wound-healing activity of the extract of the root of P.paniculata Roxb. in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: An experimental study will be conducted at Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India from June 2024 to Dec 2024. The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) will verify the authenticity of P.paniculata Roxb. roots that will be obtained from Chhattisgarh in Grishma (mid-April to midJune) or Shishira Ritu (mid-December to mid-February). Wistar albino rats, scientific-grade chemicals, and gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms will all be purchased from reliable sources. The preparation of an extract ointment will be employed to evaluate the activity of wound healing, in Wistar albino rats utilising an excision wound model. The antimicrobial activity will be evaluated using an Agar well diffusion technique. Data obtained will be analysed using One-way ANOVA and a p-value less than 0.05 will be considered as significant.

Study of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens from Tertiary Care Hospital

ABSTRACT Introduction: Staphylococci are Gram-positive bacteria, with a diameter of 0.5–1.5 μm and individual cocci, which are divided in more than one plane from the grape-like cluster. In the genus staphylococci, 32 species and 8 subspecies are present in many of which are present as a commensal in the human body. Staphylococci are frequently found as a normal flora of skin mucosal, surface of respiratory, upper elementary, and urogenital tract of the human body. In immunocompromised condition, the infection can be spread by skin-to-skin contact and also by excretion such as saliva aerosol releasing during sneezing and coughing. Infection of staphylococci may also spread from the animal product such as nonpasteurized milk and milk products. Over the last few decades, Staphylococcus aureus has emerge as the most dangerous organism, which is known as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Some strains show vancomycin resistance by S. aureus in hospitalized patients. The present study was conducted to study the prevalence and antibiogram of MRSA isolates in a clinical sample from Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research), Wardha, from August 2020 to December 2021. The samples received in the microbiology laboratory were inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey’s agar, and incubated for 24 h at 37°C for staphylococcal isolation. A total of 145 Staphylococcal aureus were isolated and confirmed by Gram stain and various biochemical tests such as catalase test, oxidase test, coagulase test, and mannitol salt agar. Antibiotic susceptibility test was examined on the Mueller–Hinton agar plate using the modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Screening of methicillin resistant was performed by cefoxitin (30 μg) disc diffusion method and interpreted according to CLSI guideline. Results: The prevalence of MRSA was 76 (52.41%) to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. The highest MRSA was found in the age group >50 years (26.31%). Out of 76 MRSA isolates from different departments, the medicine and orthopedic departments show maximum MRSA as 19.74% each followed by pediatrics (17.11%) and surgery (13.16). Out of 76 MRSA isolates, vancomycin showed 93.42% sensitivity followed by linezolid (85.52%), Gentamicin (71.05%), tetracycline (56.57%), clindamycin (46.05%), and erythromycin (31.57%). Conclusion: With the advancement of new therapeutic agent, MRSA is also being easily resistant. Due to increasing cases of MRSA, there is an increase in the rate of morbidity and mortality. Moreover, except vancomycin, other drugs are resistant, as their MIC is not in the susceptible range. Thus, the results of this study indicate that vancomycin is a suitable medication to take when MRSA cases rise. In such cases, MRSA can be controlled by regular monitoring and checking the irrational use of antibiotics.

Comparison of Nisha-amalaki and Metformin in Overweight and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Madhumeha): A Randomised Controlled Trial

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is considered a metabolic syndrome marked by an increase in blood sugar level brought on by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or both. It was predicted that 171 million individuals would develop type 2 diabetes at the turn of the century; by 2030, this figure is expected to reach 360 million. Nisha-amalaki is a commonly used medication for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and its ingredients are also routinely used worldwide. There are numerous studies on Nisha-amalaki showing its antidiabetic effect, but it has not been studied in overweight and obese Type 2 diabetic patients; hence, present study is planned. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Nisha-amalaki and Metformin in overweight and obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: The present was a parallel-group, single-blind, randomised, standard controlled trial conducted in the Department of Kayachikitsa, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. The trial included a 60-day treatment period and a followup period every 15 days. The study comprised a total of 60 overweight and obese patients suffering from Madhumeha, randomly divided into two equal groups. Group N (experimental group) was treated with 6 gm Nisha-amalaki Churna two times a day before meals with lukewarm water, and Group M (control group) was treated with 1 gm Tablet Metformin administered twice a day before meals in equal divided doses for 60 days. Patients were assessed for objective parameters like Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level, Post Meal Blood Sugar (PMBS) level, and Body Mass Index (BMI) at the start and end of the study. Statistical analysis was done by assessing through paired and unpaired t-tests and compared with the help of Z-test. Results: Madhumeha is more prevalent in the 51-60 years age group as well as in males compared to females. The mean FBS level before treatment was 151.98 mg/dL and 143.08 mg/ dL in Group M and Group N, respectively, which significantly reduced to 138.56 mg/dL and 129.39 mg/dL after treatment. The mean PMBS level before treatment was 232.45 mg/dL and 223.56 mg/dL in Group M and Group N, respectively, which reduced to 230.35 mg/dL and 209.26 mg/dL after treatment. The mean BMI before treatment was 26.49 mg/dL and 26.06 mg/dL in Group M and Group N, respectively, which reduced to 26.23 mg/dL and 25.86 mg/dL after treatment. Both the groups (standard as well as the trial group) are equally effective in reducing FBS level. During the follow-up visits, no adverse effects or side effects were observed in any patient. Conclusion: Both Nisha-amalaki Churna and Tablet Metformin are equally effective in reducing FBS level. Nisha-amalaki has a better effect compared to Metformin in reducing PMBS level. Metformin has a better effect compared to Nisha-amalaki in reducing BMI. So, it can be concluded that Nisha-amalaki Churna is as effective as Tablet Metformin in the management of overweight and obese patients suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Antioxidant Effect of Levetiracetam and Brivaracetam Acting on Presynaptic SV2A Receptors: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Epilepsy is a serious psychological condition associated with social stigma, psychiatric co-morbidity, and a high economic burden. It is pertinent to develop novel treatment methods given the ever-evolving nature of the disease. Recently, various newer Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) have been under study, among which a newer targeted modality consists of SV2A receptors. Aim: To compare the antioxidant properties or free radical scavenging activity of the newer heterogeneous AEDs acting on the SV2A receptors, namely Levetiracetam (LEV) and Brivaracetam (BRV). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted at Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from July 2021 to August 2021. The study evaluated the antioxidant properties of LEV and BRV using various assays such as the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) test, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, Nitric Oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay, Superoxide Dismutase activity (SOD), and catalase activity. The obtained results were expressed using specific formulas related to the absorbance of the respective chemicals, along with the percentage of inhibition, and have been tabulated in Microsoft excel Sheet Version 16.16.27. Halfmaximal Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) values were calculated using scatter plot graphs. Results: The FRAP values for LEV were reported to be significantly higher compared to BRV at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 μg/mL, while at 100 μg/mL, BRV showed better ferric reducing activity. Although both drugs exhibited antioxidant activity, the results clearly identified LEV as a better NO radical scavenger, with a percentage of inhibition reaching up to 80.52%. During the SOD assay, the percentage inhibition of superoxide generation by LEV was found to be 99.02%, while that of BRV was 97.07% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. LEV (0.573) also showed a higher degradation of H2O2 per minute than BRV (0.065) at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Conclusion: The results showed that both drugs, BRV and LEV, exhibited significant antioxidant capacity. However, LEV demonstrated increased antioxidant potency and efficacy compared to BRV.

Comparison of qSOFA, MEDS, and APACHE II Scores in Early Identification of Sepsis for Patients with 28 days Mortality and ICU Admission: A cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening infection that results in organ dysfunction due to an increased pathogen load, necessitating urgent intervention. There is a gap in clinicians’ ability to identify septic patients at high-risk with poor outcomes, highlighting the need for validated predictive scores for early intervention, favourable outcomes, and prompt recovery. Aim: To validate the predictive capacity of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE 2) scores in patients with 28- day mortality and in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients due to sepsis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 septic patients at the Department of Emergency Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research in Chennai, India, between June and December 2022. Parameters assessed included Respiratory Rate (RR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), temperature, White Blood Cell (WBC) count, platelet count, bilirubin, and creatinine. Descriptive analysis of age, gender, source, RR, GCS, SBP, qSOFA, MEDS, APACHE 2 in 28-day mortality, and ICU patients. Positive correlation and good predictivity of predictive scores (qSOFA, MEDS, APACHE 2) were analysed using Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient (SRCCRs) statistical test in 28-day mortality and ICU patients. Results: A total of 150 septic patients (male: female-93:57) with an average age of 57.07±14.4 years were included. Urosepsis was the most common (n=51), followed by respiratory sepsis (n=48). Of these, 96 patients were admitted to the ICU, and 54 patients experienced 28-day mortality. The average and median values of RR were 27.1±7.64 breaths/minute (b/m) and 26 b/m, respectively. SBP values were 106.13±30.47 mmHg and 110 mmHg, respectively. Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) values were 66±16.51 mmHg and 60 mmHg, respectively. The average and median values of GCS were 12.75±3.92 and 15, respectively. The average for qSOFA was 29.1±0.025, with a median of 28; for MEDS, the average was 7.99±5.89, with a median of 7; and for APACHE 2, the average was 16.74±9.64, with a median of 15. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient (SRCCRs) demonstrated a strong positive correlation and good predictive validity between qSOFA, MEDS, and APACHE 2 scores in 28- day mortality and ICU patients (<0.001). Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) analysis indicated good predictive validity for qSOFA in 28-day mortality and ICU patients. Conclusion: qSOFA exhibited a positive correlation and good predictive validity compared to MEDS and APACHE 2 in both 28-day mortality and ICU patients (<0.001). This study highlights the utility and applicability of qSOFA at the bedside for initial triage, as it can be quickly employed with minimal information.

Identification and Prioritization of Religious Mental Models Influencing the Business Model

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to identify and prioritize the religious mental models that influence business models among Iranian Muslim entrepreneurs. Methodology: The study employs a mixed-method research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Data were gathered through interviews and questionnaires. The interview sample consisted of 13 entrepreneurs from the city of Mashhad, while the questionnaire sample included 21 faculty members from management disciplines at Adib Mazandaran Institute of Higher Education. The collected data were analyzed using Excel and MICMAC software to identify and prioritize the key dimensions of religious mental models that influence business practices. Findings: The study identified eight key dimensions of business models influenced by religious beliefs: business ethics, stakeholder importance, cultural context, institutional context, family-centeredness, customer orientation, the divine meaning of business, and business skills. Among these, business ethics, family-centeredness, and the divine meaning of business were found to have the highest priority. These dimensions reflect the deep integration of religious values into business practices, with a strong emphasis on ethical conduct, the centrality of family, and the spiritual significance of business activities. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical role that religious beliefs play in shaping the business models of Iranian Muslim entrepreneurs. Business ethics, family-centeredness, and the divine meaning of business emerge as the most influential dimensions, highlighting the importance of aligning business practices with Islamic values.

Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D and IL-1ß in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Healthy Subjects: A Research Protocol

Introduction: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous immune-mediated disease that has been classified as a Potentially Malignant Disorder (PMD). The aetiology of OLP needs further exploration. Research indicates that the immune system plays a pivotal role in the progression of OLP. Need for the study: Vitamin D regulates the suppression of Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) production within the epithelium and its insufficiency may play a role in the development of OLP. Aim: To evaluate and compare the serum concentrations of IL-1β and Vitamin D in patients affected by OLP and in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A case-control study will be conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, located in Maharashtra, India, from August 2024 to August 2026. Patients who present to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology and express willingness to participate will be enrolled in the study. Each patient will undergo a comprehensive clinical examination and provide written consent after being informed about the study. A thorough intraoral clinical assessment of the lesions will be conducted. Once a patient is clinically diagnosed with OLP, serum sample collection will be performed. Similarly, healthy subjects who are willing to participate in the study will also undergo sample collection. The median cubital vein will be punctured to obtain 2.5 mL of blood under aseptic conditions. The electrochemiluminescence-binding assay will then be conducted to quantify the total amounts of 25- hydroxy vitamin D and Interleukin-1 beta. After sample collection, patients with OLP will be educated and counseled regarding the treatment of OLP and habit cessation. Statistical analysis will be performed using an unpaired t-test, with a p-value considered significant at a 5% level of significance.

Efficacy of Cissus Quadrangularis (Hadjod) Used Locally, Systemically and combination of both as an Adjunct to Osteon II and PRF in Class II Furcation Defects: A Protocol for Clinical and Radiographic Study

Introduction: When there is significant furcation involvement, mechanical debridement without surgery can cause the disease to progressively worsen. To halt the disease process, surgery allows for odontoplasty, root debridement, osseous recontouring, and periodontal regeneration while preserving periodontal attachment. Need of the Study: In cases of furcation deficiencies, periodontal regeneration with different bone grafts is an effective method to both replace lost bone tissue and slow down the progression of the disease. In osseous abnormalities, the additive actions and features of Cissus Quadrangularis (CQ) demonstrate improved healing. Thus, the purpose of present clinical trial is to determine whether the combination of CQ, when utilised locally and systemically, is efficacious for the management of Class II furcation defects. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of CQ (Hadjod) used locally, systemically, and in combination as an adjunct to osteon II with Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) for the management of Class II furcation defects. Methodology: A randomised clinical trial will be conducted in the Department of Periodontics at Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, Maharashtra, India from April 2024 to March 2026. A total 60 systemically healthy individuals with Class II furcation invasions, either buccal or lingual, and moderate to severe chronic periodontitis will be selected. The study population will be categorised into three interventional groups and one control group as follows: Group A: Control group (n=15) will be treated with osteon II + PRF membrane + antibiotic coverage for Class II furcation defects, Group B: (n=15) will be treated with osteon II + PRF membrane + CQ graft (locally) for Class II furcation defects + antibiotic coverage, Group C: (n=15) will be treated with osteon II + PRF membrane + systemic dosage of CQ for Class II furcation defects + antibiotic coverage, Group D: (n=15) will be treated with osteon II + PRF membrane + CQ graft (locally) + systemic dosage of CQ for Class II furcation defects + antibiotic coverage. The data will be analysed and calculated using the Student’s t-test, with a significance level of less than 0.05.

Knowledge of autism among students at a South African Institute of Higher Education.

Autism is a significant concern because of the increase in the prevalence of the disorder. University healthcare students might not all be adequately prepared to serve autistic individuals. Hence, there is a need in the South African context for information on healthcare practitioners' knowledge of general aspects, diagnosis and management of autism. To determine current knowledge on autism among speech-language pathology and audiology (SLP & A) students at a South African Higher Education Institution. The study was conducted among 65 second, third and fourth year students at the SLP & A Department of a South African Higher Education Institution. A descriptive quantitative design utilising an online questionnaire was used to gather the quantitative and, to a lesser extent, qualitative data. Descriptive measures were used to analyse and summarise the data. Participants mainly understood autism's fundamental symptoms and comorbidities, early intervention, team management and speech-language therapist (SLT) duties. Students were found to have little awareness of autism's prevalence, causes, diagnosing experts, intervention methods and treatment. Participants felt uncomfortable treating autistic people owing to a lack of clinical exposure. Participants want further training. Students reported the need for additional training on autism, including its identification, diagnosis, assessment and treatment. It is recommended that the study be replicated at other institutions to impact other curricula. This research article provides input for enhancing the curriculum for Health Science Departments in Higher Education Institutions.

The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Levels of Biomarkers in Diabetic Animal Model: A Research Protocol

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by hyperglycaemia, insulin secretion defects, or resistance. Most T2DM drugs help to improve glycaemic status, but the response varies among individuals. The modern lifestyle with unhealthy eating habits leads to gut dysbiosis. Altered gut microbiota can disrupt the host’s metabolic and signaling pathways, intestinal barrier integrity, and function. Probiotics could restore a healthy microbiota in the intestine, thus improving glycaemic status. Need of the study: Probiotics may assist in re-establishing a healthy microbiota composition in the intestine. Limited studies have evaluated the supplementation of probiotics for effectively managing T2DM. Aim: To investigate the effects of probiotics on biomarker levels in type 2 diabetic male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This interventional case-control study will be conducted at the Centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research (CEFTE) at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The study will involve 46 male Wistar rats divided into five groups. Diabetes will be induced by feeding the animals a High-Fat Diet (HFD) and administering a low dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Groups 1 and 2 will be on basal and HFDs, serving as negative and positive controls, respectively. Groups 3, 4 and 5 will be the intervention groups. The study duration will be four weeks and three days for diabetes induction and six weeks for intervention. Blood samples will be collected periodically to assess biomarkers, and at the end of the study, internal organs will be harvested for histopathological examination. Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval has been obtained. Categorical variables will be analysed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, while continuous variables will be analysed using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A p-value of ≤0.05 will be considered statistically significant, and statistical analysis will be performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0.

Comparison of Physiochemical Properties and Biocompatiblity of Two Commercially Available Natural Xenogeneic Collagen Membranes: In-vitro Study

Introduction: Physical factors like stiffness and surface features are among the characteristics that affect the performance of barrier membranes and determine the results of regenerative processes. A perfect equilibrium between the membrane’s rigidity and mechanical stability guarantees effective periodontal regeneration. The study’s novelty lies in comparing the physical characteristics, namely morphology, tensile strength, wettability, and biological characteristics, namely biocompatibility and enzyme resistance properties, of the Fix-GideTM membrane against the gold standard membrane, Bio-Gide®. Aim: To explore the physical and biological properties of two commercially available barrier membranes in oral tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study compared two commercially available membranes, namely Bio-Gide® and Fix-GideTM. Both membranes are bilayered resorbable membranes, with Bio-Gide composed of porcine dermis Type-I and III collagen and Fix-GideTM of bovine origin. The study was conducted at the Central Leather Research Institute, and the membranes were procured from Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research. Morphological characterisation was done using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Physical properties were evaluated using a tensile strength test, enzyme resistance test, and wettability measurement. Biocompatibility assessment was also performed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to run the MannWhitney U test to analyse the statistical data obtained in the enzyme resistance test. Results: Biocompatibility assessment showed no cytotoxic profile of both membranes, portraying their biocompatible nature. Morphological analysis using SEM showed the surface of the Bio-Gide® membrane to be considerably smoother than the Fix-GideTM membrane. Both membranes, however, have fibrous and porous features on their inner surfaces. Tensile strength assessment found that the percentage of elongation was better with Bio-Gide (1.7±0.4 and 4.8±0.4) when compared to Fix-Gide (15.8±0.2 and 2.2±0.2) in both wet and dry states, respectively. The enzyme resistance test evaluated in dry and wet settings showed that the membranes, namely, Bio-Gide® membrane exhibited around 29±2% of degradation, whereas the Fix-GideTM exhibited only 18±2%. These mechanical profiles exhibited that the membranes has appreciable differences, although there wasn’t a statistically significant difference between them (p=0.68). According to wettability studies, BioGide is hydrophilic, but Fix-GideTM is hydrophobic. Conclusion: The observations of the present study showed that Fix-Gide had comparable physio-biological properties to that of the Bio-Gide membrane. This supports the suitability of the use of both membranes for various oral tissue regeneration procedures.