Higher Education In Nepal Research Articles

Tracing Some Challenges of Higher Education Historically in Nepal through Tribhuvan University

Tribhuvan University (TU) is the oldest and only central university in Nepal. It set a historical record in 2023 by convocating more than twelve thousand students at one time. Despite the presence of many regional and technical institutes and universities that contribute to Nepali society in higher education, Nepali students often prefer to study abroad after completing their school-level certificates. This trend has compelled Nepali university planners, educators, political parties, and governments to review the reasons for the brain drain among youth. The article aims to restore faith among Nepali citizens in the higher educational institutions available in the country, especially TU, and to encourage stakeholders to recognize the sensitivity of the issue so that brain drain can be reduced. To achieve this, the author selects various media writings on the higher education sector, websites, reports, and books on Gagne's psychological theory and the history of higher education in Nepal, adhering to qualitative research methods. The findings indicate that there is a need for correction and self-evaluation among TU authorities, Nepali political parties, and other stakeholders to contribute positively and help the university maintain its good image.

Enhancing Inclusion, Equity, and Access: An Analysis of Higher Education Policies in Nepal

Higher education is the backbone for the human resource development which are crucial for the economic and socio-cultural development of any country. Unlike other sector, higher education is imperative not only for the welfare of the human beings but also fundamental for nation building through innovation in areas that concern the society. The aim of this paper is to critically analyze the policy arrangements of higher education in Nepal and its impact on enhancing inclusion, equity and access. Adopting Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) research method which is combined with policy review, it is found that though commendable efforts by the government and the commission have been continuing, the issues of access, equity, and inclusion remain still lacking in some areas. Therefore, more policy and programmatic actions are necessary for improvement the situation. If the policy recommendations outlined above are seriously considered by the Government of Nepal, the commission, universities, and other relevant bodies, it is possible to further promote and improve the state of access, equity, and inclusion in Nepal’s higher education.

Book Review: Navigating Higher Education in Nepal: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions

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Exploring Dropouts as Challenges in Higher Education in Nepal: A Comprehensive Review

The purpose of this study is to analyse the dropout rate of campus level of students in Nepal. The researchers adopted the process of scientific review as a meta-synthesis to analyse the dropout rate of the campus level students. An in-depth archival analysis followed by an intensive review would be strategies adopted during the scientific review. Secondary data was gathered by searching Google for scholarly publications and articles published between 2001 and 2024. The students want part-time jobs during the study. Such opportunities are less common in Nepal. The research study revealed that Nepali students gave their first priority to Australia, Canada, the USA, and Europe for their higher studies. After finishing their studies, they desired to stay there due to their job security. They applied for green card and permanently stayed there. On the other hand, Nepal lost young and skilled manpower who stayed abroad as immigrants. The study reveals that government can prevent brain-drain by proving financial assistance and employment opportunities to bachelor’s level students. The Nepalese government should make appropriate policy to retain its young workforce. Otherwise, its adverse impact will be seen soon.

Difficulties in Studying Abstract Algebra at the Undergraduate Level

This study has attempted to explain the major challenges that undergraduate students face when learning abstract algebra. Students at the undergraduate level totaling one hundred twenty (120) were chosen as the sample size. In this study, the survey design is based on the positivist paradigm. Probability sampling was used to select the students of undergraduate level. For the validation of this study, self-administrated Likert type questionnaires were employed, along with extensive discussion with mathematics teachers who have taught and are presently teaching algebra at the undergraduate level. According to survey results, there were four main reasons—Formalism and Rigor, Lack of Prior Knowledge, Teaching and Learning Technique, Assignment and Assessment, -that hindered the students’ ability to learn abstract algebra. The research outcomes in terms of motivation, self- esteem and challenges of the respondents will be helpful to understand the nuances of teaching and learning abstract algebra at higher education in Nepal.

Tribhuvan University Pioneering Higher Education in the History of Nepal

As per the requirement of changes in higher education to meet the global challenges in the different time beings, Nepal has been witnessing the formal education planning since 1955 and especially the high level education commission since 1983 with various updates in every step. Historically, Tribhuvan University (TU) is the only central and the eldest university of Nepal which carries about eighty percent weight of higher education and its activities are demonstratively a sample for other universities of Nepal. Currently, Nepal has seventeen universities and still there are many in the pipeline. Despite having many sources of higher education in Nepal, the brain drain is a major problem here. This research article consults different book, websites, report and the relevant recent media sources to make a true sense of the qualitative research. A historical brief study of higher education of Nepal, the planner and the stake-holders will get insights for quality education so that the universities like TU will retain its glorious image again.

Student Dropout Trends in Higher Education of Nepal: A Case Study of Baneshwor Multiple Campus

This study analyzes the pattern of student dropout rates of Baneshwor Multiple Campus (BMC) over the years 2020 to 2022. However, despite BMC’s extensive initiatives, some problems continue to prevail due to social and economic reasons. Dropout rate is influenced by foreign migration more prominently as an aspect of culture wherein people give priority to employment opportunities abroad than study. The data used in this research are obtained from the Educational Management Information System (EMIS), while a scientific method is followed throughout the analysis phase. It is found that different academic levels have dropout rates, which indicate the need for strong retention strategies. The topic discussed in the dialogue covers, among other aspects, the level of effectiveness of the strategy implemented by BMC to reduce college dropouts, as well as external influences on students' lives and the nation's economy arising from student movement.

Students’ Perception of the Effectiveness of E-learning Environment on Higher Education in Nepal

The study aimed to analyze students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of e-learning in higher education in Nepal. The study adopted a quantitative research approach. Data were obtained using an online survey from 83 students of Pokhara University studying in the School of Development and Social Engineering. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the majority of the students have a positive attitude towards e-learning. Adequate skills to operate an e-learning system was found to have a profound role in shaping students ‘attitude, the feeling of usefulness and ease of use of the e-learning system. Instructors’ collaboration and support were identified to play the paramount role in setting a positive attitude, instilling a sense of usefulness towards e-learning and easing its use. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between students’ attitudes towards e-learning, the quality of the e-learning system, usefulness, and ease of use of e-learning system. E-learning embraced as an alternative to traditional forms of teaching and learning, was found to have an enormous value to offer in this globalized world where internet penetration along with other ICT advancements in every part of the world has a significant role. The study concluded that the students at the tertiary level are very positive toe-learning, so, universities in Nepal can make a grand shift in the way of teaching and learning shifting from conventional to full -fledged e-learning practices.

An Assessment of Neoliberal Policy in Higher Education in Nepal: Political Economy Perspective

Nepal has adopted neo-liberal policy framework in education sector since 1997, just seven years of journey of free-market economic policy. The capitalist economy was modified by Washington Consensus which was based on financial instruments. Later, major policy framework adopted by Nepal is SDGs, which prescribed by neoliberalism, is more equitable, productive; environment friendly, inclusive and people empower friendly. The research question is whether WB funded educational reform project yields positive impact in socio-economic sector in Nepal. The objective of the study is to assess the overall impact of neoliberalist policy framework adopted in higher education in Nepal and to forward policy prescription.The secondary data has been gathered between the periods 1997-2020 and analysed descriptively. Post positivism research paradigm is adopted. Explanatory research design approach has been used and data is analysed descriptively. The validity and reliability issue of the study is addressed with sufficient data and appropriate data analysis techniques. The conclusion: the existing neoliberal policy framework needs to revaluate since its delivery measured in terms of inequality, unemployment, poverty, NOC, and capital flight for higher education in foreign university shows poor performance.

Impact of E-Pedagogy in English E-Class in Higher Education of Nepal

Though the use of e-pedagogy in education has been advocated, it had not been well-practiced before the COVID-19 pandemic period in Nepalese education context. In this connection, thisstudy aimsto reflect the context and explore the use and impact of e-pedagogy in terms of access and quality with the practices of it by the university English teachers and students of Nepal during pandemic and post pandemic contexts. The mixed-method research design was used collecting data from an online survey questionnaire and internet based semi-structured interviews among the participants from the teachers (N=20) and students (N=80) of five universities for quantitative data and for qualitative data from two students and two teachers of two the universities of Nepal. The findings of the study revealed that on average, 23.6% of university teachers and students have a positive impact of e-pedagogy where KU followed by MU, TU, PU and FWU teachers and students were found to be using more often it in terms of joining e-class and using resources (30%), interaction (33%), regularity (31%), techno-based learning (average 21.2%:MU–28%), searching internet-based resources (TU–28%), attending online examinations (average 17.4%:KU21%), participating online training/workshop/ conference (average 23.8%:KU–26%), and learner autonomy (average 15.4%:PU-19%) supported by the qualitative data. Furthermore, the use of e-pedagogy in ELT was found to be no longer being used regularly pandemic period onwards and suggested to be practiced as the regular part of teaching and learning in a blended way. Overall, e-pedagogy has had a positive impact on teaching-learning in English e-class during the pandemic period.

Multiculturalism in English Education Curriculum of Higher Education in Nepal

Multicultural education is transformative, emancipatory, and justice-oriented. As multiculturalism is the defining characteristic of Nepali society and the basic identity of Nepal, the relevancy of multicultural education can hardly be exaggerated. The Constitution of Nepal, 2015 has also acknowledged unity in diversity as the basic feature of the country. So, multiculturalism needs to be incorporated into Nepal’s educational system and teacher education programme. In this context, this study aims to explore multiculturalism in teacher education curriculum of Tribhuvan University and outlines the basic features of multiculturalism and assesses the present teacher education curriculum of English Education in B. Ed under Tribhuvan University in terms of multiculturalism. Analysing the different components of English Education Courses of B. Ed in English Education, it is concluded that multiculturalism is adequately addressed in objectives and content of reading courses while other English education courses address multiculturalism in terms of evaluation and teaching strategies not in content and objectives.

Women Empowerment in Higher Education in Nepal

This paper attempts to address women's empowerment in higher education in Nepal. This is a review paper based on a systematic review of women's empowerment through education. The dictionary definition of empowerment refers to giving power and status to an individual or group in a particular situation. Empowerment enables them to increase access to opportunities without limitations, such as in education, profession, and lifestyle. This paper uses a systematic review method to focus on the role of education in women's empowerment. For this purpose, nine articles were selected for systematic review from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA] model. The review materials that focused on the different dimensions of women’s empowerment, both theoretically and methodologically, were considered for systematic review. The systematic review results reveal that education is a precondition for women’s empowerment. However, most of the conclusions were based on census data covering women’s literacy rates, and their findings did not explicitly mention the indicators of women’s studies. Only a few studies assessed the dimensions of women’s empowerment, such as personal, economic, social, and political dimensions.

Beyond Expectations: Navigating the Gap Between Anticipated and Realized Collaborative Learning in Higher Education in Nepal

Collaborative learning is an effective approach in higher education to enhance students’ critical-thinking, problem-solving, and self-regulation skills. However, its implementation remains limited in many Nepalese institutions. In this context, this study aimed to explore the experiences of M.Ed. students of Department of English Education, University, T.U. focusing the gap between anticipated and realized collaborative learning experiences. The qualitative survey design was used for the study and questionnaire were data collection tool. A google form was circulated to 40 Master’s level students via email and the data were thematically analyzed. The findings reveal that while students recognize the potential benefits of collaborative learning, they rarely get the opportunity to participate in such activities during the course cycle. When they do get the chance, they enjoy the opportunities. They advocated for a collaborative learning environment, focusing on preparing students for their future careers as teachers, and seeking equal opportunities for all participants.

Academic Dishonesty Within Higher Education in Nepal: An Examination of Students’ Exam Cheating

Academic Dishonesty Within Higher Education in Nepal: An Examination of Students’ Exam Cheating

Student and Teacher Perception on English Language Use in Foreign-University-Affiliated Colleges in Nepal

Foreign-university-affiliated colleges in Nepal offer a new dimension in education delivery with many opportunities and benefits. Students in these colleges are exposed to an international curriculum and a prospect of learning in an English language environment. On the one hand, Nepalese students can complete their higher education in Nepal and the nation could keep the tuition revenue from leaving the country. On the other hand, students from other countries could be attracted to these colleges and help boost the national GDP of Nepal. Furthermore, a better English language prospect has tremendous benefits to students in today’s connected world where Nepalese students can globally compete in terms of jobs or other professional prospects. The perception of Nepalese students and teachers on the English language use is generally positive despite many differences in terms of the factors such as urban vs. rural, private schools vs. government schools, as well as their educational background and place of origin. This paper examines the prospect of English language use in foreignuniversity- affiliated colleges in Nepal and the significance of such colleges as well as the importance of the English language to Nepal.

The Impact of Dimensions of E-learning on the Successful Implementation and Development of Digital Pedagogy in Nepalese Higher-level Educational Institutions

The dimensions of E-learning are technology, governance, awareness of E-learning, attitude toward e-learning, and e-content development, which are supported by seventeen subfactors of the vital measurements of E-learning pedagogy. The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of the dimensions of E-learning on the successful implementation and development factors of digital pedagogy in higher education in Nepal. The quantitative research method and the survey study were applied to collect this study's data. The results indicate a significant association between social media for E-learning, the benefits of E-learning, using E-learning applications and technology, and the effective tools for teaching and the impact of E-learning dimensions for the successful implementation and development factors of digital pedagogy (p < 0.05).
 But the results indicate no association between the E-content and open educational resources, the effectiveness and challenges of E-Learning, E-contents and open educational resources, and the benefits of E-learning for students, E-learning practice, roles of E-learning in capacity building, effective E-learning methods, E-learning methodologies and good practices, sources of E-learning, and optimization of learner efficiency and productivity, and the impact of the dimensions of E-learning for the successful implementation and development of digital pedagogy ( p > 0.05). The implication of this study would be beneficial to policymakers, researchers, academicians, educators, and college leaders in such a way to provide first-hand information about the areas to be focused on for successful implementation and development factors on E-learning pedagogy in the Nepalese higher education sector.

Wisdom of Worthy for Madhesh Province

The GS WOW: Wisdom of worthy research journal, published from Gaurishanker Campus, Nijgadh, is a valuable platform for sharing knowledge and experiences, promoting development, addressing challenges, and fostering economic growth in Madhesh Province and the globe at large. The commitment to continuous improvement and the focus on providing high-quality education at an affordable cost make it a preferred choice for higher education in Nepal and the surrounding area. The journal's emphasis on wisdom and worthy research can contribute to the economic growth of Madhesh Province by promoting industrial expansion, agricultural development, and the creation of employment opportunities. The proposed Second International Airport in Nijgadh and ongoing Tarai Fast Track are promising developments that are expected to enhance connectivity and play a pivotal role in the economic development of the province and the country as a whole. The journal's focus on research activities, academic industry discourse, and conferences can facilitate collaboration between students, faculty members, and external research organizations, promoting research activities at the college. The GS WOW: Wisdom of Worthy research journal holds great significance for the overall growth of Madhesh Province. By promoting development, addressing challenges, fostering economic growth, and promoting tourism and cultural development, the journal can play a crucial role in shaping the future of Madhesh Province and the world at large and contributing to the prosperity of its people. Hope you join your hands in creating history. Keyword: Madhesh, Opportunity, worthy, action, Acknowledgment

Affective Commitment among Faculties According to Academic Qualification and Faculty Group in Higher Education in Nepal

This article deals with the fundamental issues of affective commitment of faculties in higher education in Nepal. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between faculty’s academic qualification and faculty group on affective commitment in faculty in higher education organizations. This follows a questionnaire survey of variables with a five-point Likert and uses mean, standard deviation, t/f test and Cronbach’s Alpha for analytical tools. The analyzed result shows a positive relationship between academic qualification and affective commitment. The analysis shows that higher qualification groups (PhD and M.Phil) are more emotionally attached than fewer qualification groups. The study shows no significant effect of faculty group on affective commitment. The sectoral sampling adequacy and a number of organizations represented in a survey may limit the general implication of results despite its analytical soundness. Moreover, may this study be originally picturesque and construes pre-cast for the future scenarios of the studied issues.

Digital Interactive Collaboration in Mathematical Practices of Management System

Recent trends of mathematics education using the open and distance mode was more effective recent and useful. The theoretical framework was the full of the paradigm shift of the recent mode and relevant of the system. I have taught in the Operations Research in the online education and make the effective idea of the education. The pedagogy of the education in the methodology, groups of students in the schools. The different mode of student was the mode of mathematics in the Game theory, Markov chains, Queuing theory, Dynamic programming, Transportation and Assessment programs. Inventory and Replacement model and Forecasting model are the beautiful aspect in the methods. The online methods were the better for the books. The online methods were the virtual classroom, online conceptual elaboration and technology integrated pedagogy in open and distance learning (ODL). It is suggested that LMS like Moodle is more effective in teaching and learning mathematics education using open and distance mode for higher education in Nepal.

Quality Assurance and Accreditation Issues in Nepalese Higher Education

The issue of quality assurance has become the focus of many institutions to enhance quality of Higher Education (HE). There are six universities to provide higher education in Nepal. Tribhuvan University (TU) is the oldest and largest university which covers major stake near about 93 percent in Nepalese higher education system. With the aim of examining the practices of quality assurance (QA) in TU, this study has been conducted by selecting the faculty members and other staffs of the faculties of management, education and humanities & social sciences as its respondents. The internal and ordinal scale data were analysed by using descriptive statistics and chi-square test with the help of SPSS 13.0 and Microsoft Excel. Additionally, reliability of the responses on interval-scaled questions was test by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha and an analysis was also made for subjective or open-ended questions. It is found that faculties play prominent role in assuring the academic quality has the highest average value and strict affiliation criteria set by the university influence positively in the quality performance of an institution has the lowest average value. Average value of the responses regarding factor determining is the highest on well trained and experienced resource persons. Therefore, well trained and experienced resource person is the main factor to determine quality assurance in higher education. It is found that improvement on curriculum, faculty development, establishing reward system, discouraging political pressure and providing strict rules and regulations assure the quality in higher education of TU.