Higher Depressive Symptomatology Research Articles

Ambivalent Feelings and Relationship Quality in Dementia Family Caregivers: Associations with Depressive Symptomatology

ABSTRACT Objectives Ambivalent feelings in dementia family caregivers have been found to be related to caregivers´ stress associated with the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD-related stress), and depressive symptoms. Ambivalent feelings may also affect caregivers´ perceived quality of the relationship with the person living with dementia (PLwD), but this variable has been scarcely studied. This study analyzes the role of ambivalent feelings in the association between caregivers’ BPSD-related stress, perceived quality of the relationship with the PLwD, and depressive symptomatology. Methods A theoretical model was developed and tested in a sample of 390 family caregivers. Results The obtained tested model had an excellent fit to the data, explaining 24% of the variance of depressive symptomatology. A significant association was found between caregivers’ BPSD-related stress, ambivalent feelings, and depressive symptomatology. Also, an indirect effect in the association between ambivalent feelings and depressive symptomatology was found through the perceived quality of the relationship. Conclusions Ambivalent feelings in dementia family caregivers are associated with caregivers’ BPSD-related stress, perception of a lower relationship quality, and higher depressive symptomatology. Clinical Implications Targeting caregivers’ ambivalent feelings and the quality of the relationship in interventions for dementia family caregivers may decrease their distress.

Impact of pre-existing depression and food insecurity on the trajectory of depressive symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in South Africa: A panel analysis of nationally representative South African data

We investigated the trajectory of depressive symptoms (“depression”) from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa (March 2020) until 2021, between individuals with and without pre-pandemic depression, specifically regarding the role of food security. Our investigation used publicly available panel data (N = 6,930) from the South African National Income Dynamics Study Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (SA-NIDS-CRAM from 2020–2021) on those who had also participated in the pre-pandemic South African National Income Dynamics Study (SA-NIDS, 2017) depression interview. We investigated trends in depressive symptomatology (based on a 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire) at SA-NIDS-CRAM Wave 2 (July 2020), Wave 3 (February 2021) and Wave 5 (May 2021). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) with post-estimation linear combinations of estimators were fitted to investigate the roles of pre-pandemic depression (based on 2017 SA-NIDS data) and food insecurity during the pandemic on depressive symptomatology. During the pandemic, the highest levels of depression were observed consistently among those with pre-pandemic depression and food insecurity; and were lowest among those without pre-pandemic depression and food security. Depressive symptomatology rose in nearly equal magnitude during the early phases of the pandemic in two groups: those without pre-pandemic depression but food insecure during the pandemic; as well as those with pre-pandemic depression but food secure during the pandemic. However, this dynamic changed later in the pandemic, when higher depressive symptomatology was observed in the group with both pre-pandemic depression and food insecurity, widening the gap between them from Wave 3 (adj β = 0.63, p < 0.01) to Wave 5 (adj β = 0.79, p < 0.01). Our results highlight the importance of addressing both population mental health and food insecurity, particularly at the early stages of a crisis/disaster. As we showed that mental health impact is linked to food insecurity during a pandemic, strengthening social protection measures, especially around food and nutrition, would help build resilience to crises in the long term.

The effects of low familial support and depressive symptomatology on suicide attempt among adolescents: A sex-based assessment.

Researchers have traditionally tested the benefits of social support, showing that it promotes positive health outcomes. There is a lack of research assessing the deleterious impact of poor social support. Low familial support can serve as a stressor in the lives of adolescents, ultimately fostering negative emotions and maladaptive coping, such as attempted suicide. Guided by general strain theory, this study uses two waves of data from the National Study of Adolescence to Adult Health (N = 13,827; n = 7105 for females, n = 6722 for males) to test the effect of low familial support on depressive symptomatology and whether the latter mediates the effect of low familial support on suicide attempt for both males and females. The analyses reveal that low familial support is positively and significantly associated with depressive symptomatology for male and female adolescents. Regarding suicide attempt, adolescents with lower levels of familial support and higher depressive symptomatology were likely to report attempting suicide. Contrary to theoretical expectations, depressive symptomatology did not mediate the relationship between low familial support and suicide attempt. Overall, the results provide justification for efforts to provide resources to adolescents who lack familial support.

Social determinants of health and incident postoperative delirium: Exploring key relationships in the SAGES study.

Examining the associations of social determinants of health (SDOH) with postoperative delirium in older adults will broaden our understanding of this potentially devastating condition. We explored the association between SDOH factors and incident postoperative delirium. A retrospective study of a prospective cohort of patients enrolled from June 18, 2010, to August 8, 2013, across two academic medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts. Overall, 560 older adults age ≥70 years undergoing major elective non-cardiac surgery were included in this analysis. Exposure variables included income, lack of private insurance, and neighborhood disadvantage. Our main outcome was incident postoperative delirium, measured using the Confusion Assessment Method long form. Older age (odds ratio, OR: 1.01, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.00, 1.02), income <20,000 a year (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.26), lack of private insurance (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.38), higher depressive symptomatology (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04), and the Area Deprivation Index (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04) were significantly associated with increased risk of postoperative delirium in bivariable analyses. In a multivariable model, explaining 27% of the variance in postoperative delirium, significant independent variables were older age (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00, 1.02), lack of private insurance (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02, 1.36), and depressive symptoms (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.03). Household income was no longer a significant independent predictor of delirium in the multivariable model (OR:1.02, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.15). The type of medical insurance significantly mediated the association between household income and incident delirium. Lack of private insurance, a social determinant of health reflecting socioeconomic status, emerged as a novel and important independent risk factor for delirium. Future efforts should consider targeting SDOH factors to prevent postoperative delirium in older adults.

Cross-National Analysis of the Associations Between Familism and Self-Efficacy in Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: Effects on Burden and Depression.

Objectives: To examine the cross-national associations between familism and self-efficacy dimensions, and levels of burden and depression. Methods: Sociodemographic, familism, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and burden variables were measured in 349 dementia family caregivers from the US and Spain. Results: US sample: greater support from family was positively related to self-efficacy for obtaining respite and self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts and behaviors. Both self-efficacy constructs were negatively related to depression. Similar findings were obtained for burden. Spanish sample: higher scores on family as referents were associated with lower scores on self-efficacy for obtaining respite; lower scores on self-efficacy for obtaining respite were associated with higher depressive symptomatology. Discussion: Study findings suggest that a significant interplay exists between the various facets of familism and self-efficacy, leading to differential caregiving outcomes. Unique cultural contexts and values derived from each country may exert distinct influences on how the caregiving role is perceived and appraised.

Are body weight changes depressogenic? Even intentional weight loss correlates with increased depressive symptomatology among overweight or obese adults in the United States

• Obesity relates to depression, but weight changes’ connections to mood are unclear. • A United States national sample of overweight or obese adults participated. • Weight gains and losses, even intentional losses, correlated with higher depression. • Some weight loss methods correlated with higher, and others lower, depression. • Weight losses possibly contribute to depression, but weight loss methods matter. Relations of body weight with depressive symptomatology are complex and incompletely understood. Obesity and depression are clearly linked, but weight loss has correlated with both lower and higher depressive symptomatology in past research. The current study aimed to clarify associations of body weight changes and weight loss methods with depressive symptomatology in a United States national sample. Community-sampled adults ( N = 16794) who were overweight or obese completed measures of weight changes, weight loss intentions, and weight loss methods used over the past year, plus current depressive symptomatology, as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in years 2009-2018. Depression symptom severity and clinically-significant depression were modeled with linear and logistic regression, respectively. Both weight gains and losses correlated with greater depressive symptomatology, among adults who tried to lose weight and among those who did not. When adults tried to lose weight, some weight loss methods were associated with lower depressive symptomatology (e.g., exercise, joining a weight loss program) but others (e.g., skipping meals/fasting, using non-prescription weight loss medications) correlated with greater depressive symptomatology. Findings from this cross-sectional observational dataset suggested but could not establish causal connections of weight changes and weight loss methods with depressive symptomatology. Further longitudinal and experimental research is needed to clarify mechanisms and test causality. For overweight or obese adults, both weight gains and losses, including intentional weight losses, are potentially depressogenic. However, adults’ choices of weight loss methods could moderate relations of weight loss with depressive symptomatology.

Gender and occupational differences in post-terrorist mental health outcomes among emergency responders with and without crisis intervention

Abstract Introduction After the Berlin terrorist attack at Breitscheidplatz, the gender-specific evaluation of emergency responders (ER) revealed higher perceived levels of paranoid ideation among females. The occupation-specific evaluation revealed higher hostility among police officers and a lower quality of life among firefighters. The aim of this study was to examine the outcome of crisis intervention (CI) provided for ER deployed to this terrorist attack. Methods In total, N = 55 ER were included (n = 37 with and n = 18 w/o CI). Stress, quality of life, post-traumatic stress disorder, and current psychological stress were assessed 4 months after the attack. Results ER with and w/o CI were compared. Participants with CI showed lower quality of life in psychological health (t(53)=2.01, p=.050) and higher depressive symptomatology (t(44) = 2.51, p=.016). Females with CI showed lower quality of life in social relationships (t(12)=2.46, p=.030), whereas males showed more posttraumatic stress symptoms (t(39)= .32, p=.026). Emergency responders from NGOs with CI had higher phobic anxiety (t(9.2)=2.72, p=.023). Emergency medical technicians with CI showed more somatic (t(7.5)=2.52, p=.037) and depressive (t(8)=2.30, p=.050) symptoms. Conclusions This study provides evidence for differences in the mental health burden for ER with and w/o CI, in general and for subgroups of gender and occupation. There is no conclusive explanation for why ER with CI score worse on certain measures. It is possible that CI had a harmful influence due to the reinforcement of negative emotions in some parts of measures like the Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD). While it is known that ERs are vulnerable to develop mental problems, and appropriate and timely help is recommended, it is important to critical evaluate the methods used and to take also into account the identified gender and occupational differences. Further research is needed to better understand the interaction of risk factors.

Racial and gender discrimination by teachers: Risks for Black girls' depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation.

The present study examines how race and gender-specific factors (i.e., racial centrality and gender role beliefs) serve as protective assets against the harmful impact of racial and gender discrimination on depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation for Black girls. Our sample included 232 Black girls ages 15-17 years old (Mage = 16.85) from a socioeconomically diverse community context. Our findings revealed that racial and gender discrimination from teachers was associated with higher levels of depressive symptomatology. Perceived gender discrimination by teachers and endorsing traditional gender role beliefs were associated with higher reports of suicidal ideation. Perceiving higher instances of racial discrimination from teachers and reporting lower levels of racial centrality were associated with higher depressive symptomatology. The findings suggest the need to create safe spaces and to consider the interactions that occur in school settings that impact the mental health of Black girls. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Suicide Risk amongst University Students of Social Work in Spain

Abstract Suicide is a phenomenon existing amongst university students worldwide, generally associated with mental health problems. Although the evidence has revealed a greater psychosocial vulnerability amongst Social Work students, there are few studies that address this reality. This work, thus, has focused on detecting the risk of suicide amongst undergraduate Social Work students at Spanish universities. A total of 511 students (89 per cent female) at eighteen Spanish universities completed an online questionnaire assessing both support and risk factors for suicide. A total of 28.8 per cent reported suicidal ideation, 15.3 per cent planned suicide and 24.9 per cent presented suicide risk. Logistic regression analysis showed that this risk was, understandably, associated with higher depressive symptomatology, lower perceived social support and lower life satisfaction. The results obtained indicate the prevalence of the risk of suicide ideation, planning and the imminent risk of suicide amongst Social Work students at Spanish universities, and this study’s findings have specific implications for the university Social Work community, and for governmental, academic and university bodies in general.

Social Media Use and Mental Health in Young Adults of Greece: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Social media use has vastly increased during the past few years, especially among young adults. Studies examining the relationship of social media use with mental health have yielded mixed findings. Additionally, such studies are extremely limited in Greece. The present study aimed to investigate the association between social media use, depressive symptoms and self-esteem among Greek young adults. A total of 654 individuals (50.5% male) aged 18-30 years (Μ = 23.62, SD = 2.71) completed self-reported questionnaires regarding social media use, depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Increased daily use of YouTube (more than five hours) showed a significant association with higher depressive symptomatology, b = 2.99, 95% CI [.78, 5.20], p = .008, while daily use of Facebook between two and five hours was related to significantly higher self-esteem, b = 1.61, 95% CI [.78, 2.44], p < .001, after adjusting for participants' gender, age, educational level and employment status. The association of increased daily use of YouTube with depressive symptoms was more pronounced in males than in females. Moreover, self-reported active use of Facebook and Instagram were linked with significantly lower depressive symptoms and higher self-esteem compared to passive involvement. The results suggest that social media use is closely related to self-esteem and depressive symptomatology in young adults. These findings may contribute to a deeper clinical understanding of the association between electronic social networking and mental health.

Associations between depressive symptoms, socio-economic factors, traumatic exposure and recent intimate partner violence experiences among women in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPopulation-based research on the cumulative effects of socio-economic conditions and trauma exposures, particularly women’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) on their mental health in Zimbabwe, has been limited.AimOur study aimed to determine the associations between depressive symptoms and socio-economic factors, IPV, and traumatic exposures among a nationally representative sample of women from Zimbabwe.MethodsData was collected from 2905 women who volunteered to participate in a survey that had a multi-stage random sampling design. Depression was measured using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Traumatic exposures included childhood trauma, life events, and experiences of IPV in the past year. We compared mean depression scores for different categories of variables, conducted linear regression modelling to investigate the bivariate and multivariate associations between variables and depressive symptoms’ outcomes, and applied Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to investigate the inter-relationships between variables and depressive symptoms’ outcomes.ResultsFifteen percent of women self-reported depressive symptoms (CESD score ≥ 21). Higher depressive symptomatology was associated with lower socio-economic status, experiencing IPV, history of childhood and other traumatic events, experiencing non-partner rape, and HIV positive status. Women who could find money in an emergency and sought informal or professional emotional support were less at risk of severe depressive symptoms. Conversely, seeking informal and formal social support was positively associated with more severe depressive symptoms.ConclusionThis study contributes evidence showing that economic hardship, exposure to traumas including IPV, living with HIV, and low social support have a cumulative negative toll on mental health among Zimbabwean women from the general population. Programmes and services that respond to the mental ill-health effects reported by Zimbabwean women and prevention interventions that tackle the multiple risk factors for depression that we have identified must be prioritised.

Family dynamics. An exploration of parental sensitivity and depressive symptoms among mothers and fathers of toddlers.

In studies of maternal sensitivity, the influence of mothers’ depressive symptomatology has been consistently highlighted. Additionally, the relevance of both maternal and paternal sensitive responses to children’s development has been recognized. However, literature regarding the dynamics of the mother-father-toddler triad is scarce. This is particularly true when understanding how parental sensitivity may be bidirectionally shaped by both parents’ (i.e., mothers’ and fathers’ depressive symptomatology) and children’s characteristics (i.e., age). Hence, the present study aims to describe and analyse the associations between parental depression, paternal sensitivity and children’s socioemotional difficulties and age with mothers’ sensitive responses to highlight the appropriateness of considering fathers’ depressive symptoms and sensitivity to better understand the impact of maternal depressive symptomatology on mothers’ sensitivity. The participants included 80 Chilean mother-father-child triads in which all children were between 1 and 3 years of age and presented some degree of socioemotional difficulty. The results reveal no differences in maternal and paternal sensitivity or higher depressive symptomatology in mothers than in fathers. Additionally, while mothers’ depression was significantly associated with their sensitivity, this was not the case for fathers. Paternal depressive symptomatology was associated with the mother’s depression. Finally, paternal sensitivity emerged as a mediator between maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity. This result calls attention to the use of paternal variables to understand how maternal depression impacts mothers’ sensitivity and to thus develop appropriate interventions that expand the scope of such impacts from the dyad to the triad.

Emotion regulation profiles of development of depressive symptomatology: a longitudinal study.

Introduction:COVID-19 pandemic has had a psychological impact on the eldest population. The aim is to analyse whether there are differences depending on the emotional regulation profile shown by a group of older people 6 months before the pandemic and the depressive symptomatology of these people at the same time, during home confinement and 8 months later. Method:Longitudinal study, sample of people over 65, three evaluation measures: WAVE1 (6 months before COVID-19,N=305;M=73.63;58.9% women), WAVE2 (house confinement;N=151;M=73.14;59.6% women) and WAVE3 (8 months later;N=91;M=72.62;64.70% women). We measured depressive symptomatology (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) and nine emotional regulation strategies (CERQ-S; Garnefski et al., 2001; Carvajal et al., 2020), with which 3 clusters were preset (after dendogram inspection and K means analysis). Three mean difference analyses (one-factor ANOVA) were performed taking as factor profiles and as outcomes variables depression in each wave. Results:profile 1, people use adaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies; profile 2, those with low levels of strategies (adaptive and maladaptive); profile 3, high scores in maladaptive strategies. Statistically significant differences between profiles 1 and 3, in the pre-confinement depression variable (F'2,91=6.18;p=.00) and during confinement (F'2,91=4.02;p=.02). Profile 3 higher depressive symptomatology (x̄1=17.16;x̄2=16.80) than 1 (x̄1=8.41;x̄2=9.65). Differences between profile 1 and 2 and 3 in depression 8 months after confinement (F’2,91=4.02;p=.02). Profile 1 lower levels of depression (x̄3=98.00) than 2 (x̄3=15.78) and 3 (x̄3=14.20). Profiles explain 12.3%, 8.4% and 12.5% of the depression variance in each wave. Conclusions:a "protected profile" (1), a "medium-term vulnerable profile" (2) and a "vulnerable profile" (3) to the development of depressive symptomatology.

Metabolic, Affective and Neurocognitive Characterization of Metabolic Syndrome Patients with and without Food Addiction. Implications for Weight Progression.

According to the food addiction (FA) model, the consumption of certain types of food could be potentially addictive and can lead to changes in intake regulation. We aimed to describe metabolic parameters, dietary characteristics, and affective and neurocognitive vulnerabilities of individuals with and without FA, and to explore its influences on weight loss progression. The sample included 448 adults (55–75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus cognition sub-study. Cognitive and psychopathological assessments, as well as dietary, biochemical, and metabolic measurements, were assessed at baseline. Weight progression was evaluated after a 3-year follow up. The presence of FA was associated with higher depressive symptomatology, neurocognitive decline, low quality of life, high body mass index (BMI), and high waist circumference, but not with metabolic comorbidities. No differences were observed in the dietary characteristics except for the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids consumption. After three years, the presence of FA at baseline resulted in a significantly higher weight regain. FA is associated with worse psychological and neurocognitive state and higher weight regain in adults with metabolic syndrome. This condition could be an indicator of bad prognosis in the search for a successful weight loss process.

The Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Intake of Specific Foods and Depression in an Adult Population (45-75 Years) in Primary Health Care. A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

Background: The relationship between the quality of the diet and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet with the presence of persistent or recurrent depressive symptoms have been described. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the intake of specific foods in primary care patients aged 45 to 75, having subclinical or major depression. The study also specifically analyzes this relationship in individuals suffering from chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. 3062 subjects met the inclusion criteria from the EIRA study. Sociodemographic variables, clinical morbidity, depression symptomatology (PHQ-9) and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MEDAS) were collected. Results: Being female, younger, with a higher BMI, consuming more than 1 serving of red meat a day and drinking more than one carbonated or sugary drink daily, not consuming 3 servings of nuts a week and not eating 2 vegetables cooked in olive oil a week are predictors of having higher depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: Assessing the type of diet of patients presenting depressive symptoms and promoting adherence to a healthy diet is important, especially in patients with chronic diseases. However, depression is a very complex issue and the relationship between nutrition and depression must be further examined.

The additional burden of PTSD on functioning and depression in veterans with traumatic brain injury

BackgroundMany United States veterans and active military with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) also experience challenges from comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet the additional burden of PTSD is not clear. PurposeTo address this knowledge gap, this study examined the relationship of PTSD to cognitive, social, and physical functioning and depressive symptoms in veterans recently diagnosed with TBI. MethodsVeterans were recruited from a VA rehabilitation clinic. The Patient Competency Rating Scale and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale measured functioning and depression, respectively. Chart review captured PTSD diagnosis. FindingsIn the sample of 83 veterans, 65% had a current PTSD diagnosis. After controlling for sociodemographic variables and TBI severity, PTSD was a significant predictor of lower cognitive, social, and physical functioning and higher depressive symptomatology. DiscussionClinicians should incorporate PTSD assessment in their work with veterans with TBI. Integrated behavioral health and rehabilitation interventions that provide strategies for veterans to manage TBI symptoms and PTSD are critical.

Visible and concealable stigmatized identities and mental health: Experiences of racial discrimination and anticipated stigma.

Experiencing and anticipating discrimination because one possesses a visible (e.g., race) or concealable (e.g., mental illness) stigmatized identity has been related to increased psychological distress. Little research, however, has examined whether experiencing and anticipating discrimination related to possessing both a visible and concealable stigmatized identity (e.g., a racial/ethnic minority with a history of mental illness) impacts mental health. In the current study, we test two hypotheses. In the first, we examine whether experienced discrimination due to a visible stigma (race/ethnicity) and anticipating stigma due to a concealable stigma (e.g., substance abuse) each predict unique variance in depressive symptomatology. In the second, we examine whether experienced discrimination due to a visible stigma is related to greater anticipated stigma for a concealable stigma, which in turn is related to more depression. A total of 265 African American and Latinx adults who reported concealing a stigmatized identity at least some of the time completed measures of racial/ethnic discrimination, anticipated stigma of a concealable stigmatized identity, and depressive symptomatology. Results of a simultaneous linear regression revealed that increased racial/ethnic discrimination and anticipated stigma independently predicted greater depressive symptomatology (controlling for each other). A mediation analysis showed that the positive association between increased racial/ethnic discrimination and higher depressive symptomatology was partially mediated by greater anticipated stigma. These results demonstrate that a person can experience increased psychological distress from multiple types of stigma separately, but also may anticipate greater stigma based on previous experiences of racial discrimination, which in turn relates to increased distress.

Food Insecurity in the Post-Disaster Harvey Setting

Abstract Objectives The paper examines the interrelationship among risks, resources, and food insecurity among a post-disaster sample of Hurricane Harvey survivors. Specific hypotheses are tested proposing positive relationships between risk and food insecurity and negative relationships between social and psychological resources and their relationship with food insecurity. Methods Random and representative samples were collected among survivors living on the Texas Gulf Coast. Efforts were made to sample and interview survivors in both different cities as well as those experiencing different evacuation circumstances. Both face-to-face interviews and online interviews were used to collect data from 316 survivors. The sample was obtained using quota groupings based on sociodemographic composition and residential location. Results Both correlation and regression results show support for the general risk and resource hypotheses. Sociodemographic findings show that younger, renters, poorer educated survivors without access to their own transportation reported higher levels of food insecurity in the weeks and months following Hurricane Harvey making landfall in August 2017. Additionally, risks for higher levels of food insecurity were found among persons with higher depressive symptomatology, with higher levels of previous disaster exposure, and reporting a greater concern for climate change. Both strength of social ties and mastery of fate were negatively related to food insecurity, supporting the general resource hypothesis that a greater presence of either social or psychological resources could potentially lower food insecurity among post-disaster survivors. Conclusions Our findings lend support to a risk and resources model that has already been applied to food insecurity research in other populations. Its applicability to the resource limited post-disaster setting is important and provides evidence for addressing directly the immediate mental and physical health needs of the population, in addition to the service provider and infrastructural need. Like earlier work, our findings suggest an uneven recovery experience that is likely both dependent on who you are and where you live. Funding Sources National Science Foundation.

0733 Retrospective Pain Reports In OSA Patients: Roles Of Depressive Symptoms, Polysomnographic And Self-report Sleep Measures

Abstract Introduction Exploring the relationship between OSA and pain, some studies showed hyperalgesia, and others, hypoalgesia. It was proposed that apnea-related sleep fragmentation causes hyperalgesia, and hypoxemia, hypoalgesia. However, SpO2 nadir had opposite relationships with pain measures in different studies. A 2018 review of over 1000 studies reported lack of consistent relationship between OSA and pain variables. Further, OSA was shown to relate to depressed mood, which may alter pain perception. Presently, retrospective reports of pain are analyzed as a function of polysomnographic and self-report sleep variables and depressive symptomatology in patients evaluated for OSA. Methods A total of 1,166 patients (923 women, 1136 minorities, 18-97 y.o., age M=53.1±15.2, BMI M=34.4±8.7) undergoing an overnight PSG filled out the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESDR), ISI, PSQI, ESS, and Chronic Pain Grade Scale yielding pain intensity (PI) and functional effect (FE) scores. PI and FE were separately regressed onto age, sex and BMI, followed by PSG and self-report variables meeting p&amp;lt;0.1 criterion. AHI and SpO2nadir were forced into the models. Results Mean AHI=29.6±34.7, range 0-167/hr, 72.3% had AHI≥5. Higher PI related to higher AHI (p=0.005, R2&amp;lt;1%), lower total arousal index (TAI, p=0.006, R2&amp;lt;1%), higher total sleep time (TST, p=0.003, R2&amp;lt;1%), higher PSQI (p&amp;lt;0.001, R2=5%), and higher CESD (p=0.001, R2&amp;lt;1%), without interactions with sex. Higher FE related to higher AHI (p=0.004, R2&amp;lt;1%), lower TAI (p&amp;lt;0.001, R2=1%), higher PSQI (p&amp;lt;0.001, R2=3%, and higher CESD (p&amp;lt;0.001, R2=2%). Sex had a significant interaction only with AHI (p=0.032); the FE-AHI relationship was significant in women (p=0.012), but not in men. Conclusion On retrospective reports of pain in this large sample, higher AHI related to greater pain intensity in both sexes and to greater functional effect in women only. Unexpectedly, higher pain measures were also related to lower TAI and higher TST. Higher depressive symptomatology and subjective sleep disturbance on PSQI were related to greater pain intensity and its functional effect. Only a small portion of the variance in pain measures was accounted for by PSG and self-report variables. Support none

0736 Self-reported Sleep In OSA Patients: Roles Of Polysomnographic Measures And Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Sleep fragmentation is typical in OSA, which is commonly co-morbid with insomnia and depression. A complex interaction between these conditions may be also gender-dependent. Moreover, self-report measures of sleep quality and insomnia, such as PSQI and ISI, may relate to depression symptoms more than polysomnographic sleep disturbance. The present aim is to ascertain relative contributions of polysomnographic variables and depression symptoms to PSQI and ISI in a large sample of OSA patients. The interaction between depressive symptomatology and gender in their relationships with subjective sleep is also analyzed. Methods A total of 1,166 patients (923 women, 1136 minorities, 18-97 y.o., age M=53.1±15.2, BMI M=34.4±8.7) undergoing an overnight PSG filled out the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESDR), ISI and PSQI. ISI and PSQI were separately regressed onto age, sex and BMI, followed by PSG variables meeting p&amp;lt;0.1 criterion when tested individually, followed by CESDR and CESDR-by-sex interaction. Results Mean AHI=29.6±34.7, range 0-167/hr, 72.3% of patients had AHI≥5. The PSQI final model included total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SEF), WASO, PLM index, CESDR and CESDR-by-sex. Only CESDR and CESDR-by-sex were significant (p&amp;lt;0.001, p=0.023, respectively). Higher CESDR predicted higher PSQI in both sexes (both p&amp;lt;0.001), accounting for a greater portion of PSQI variance in men (R2=39%) than in women (R2=29%). The ISI final model included TST, N3%, REM%, SEF, WASO, total arousal index, AHI, PLM index, CESDR and CESDR-by-sex. Higher ISI related to lower TST (p=0.042, R2&amp;lt;1%), higher REM% (p=0.016, R2&amp;lt;1%), and higher CESDR (p&amp;lt;0.001, R2=42%). CESDR-by-sex was not significant. Conclusion In this large sample, after controlling for demographic variables, PSG parameters had only minimal relationship with self-report insomnia and sleep quality measures. Higher depressive symptomatology was associated with higher subjective sleep disturbance on PSQI and worse insomnia symptoms on ISI in both sexes, accounting for 29-42% of the variance. Support none