Higher Soluble Solids Content Research Articles

Impact of the Use of Cryoprotectants in the Production of Freeze-Dried Soluble Coffee from Cold Brew Arabica Coffee

AbstractCold brew is a method of coffee extraction that uses low temperature, preserving the volatile compounds of coffee. Freeze-drying allows the preservation of coffee features and nutritional value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cryoprotectants in cold brew extracts as a basis for freeze-dried coffee production. Thus, the Coffea arabica extracts and the soluble coffee were characterized concerning caffeine content, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, and antimicrobial activity to verify the potential of this method. The extracts did not show antimicrobial activity with a high soluble solid content. It was observed that the cold extraction methods were efficient regarding the caffeine content, antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic compounds. Freeze-dried coffees also did not show antimicrobial activity, and they maintained the water and humidity activity standards. In general, cryoprotectants displayed an unfavorable influence on the extract and freeze-dried coffee in the analyses performed. The coffee extract without cryoprotectants had a higher antioxidant capacity (88.12%) and content of phenolic compounds (7.74 mg AG/mL of the coffee extract). Only for the analyses of soluble solids, the cryoprotectants mannitol and fructose showed promising results (14.03 °Brix, 14.40 °Brix, 11.33 °Brix, respectively). Thus, for the analyses conducted, the cryoprotectants did not lead to significant advantages for this process.

Rapid Cooling Delays the Occurring of Core Browning in Postharvest 'Yali' Pear at Advanced Maturity by Inhibiting Ethylene Metabolism.

During the storage and transportation processes, the occurrence of core browning in 'Yali' pear fruit due to adversity injury can be easily mitigated by implementing different cooling methods, especially in advanced maturity fruits. In this study, 'Yali' pears at an advanced maturity stage were subjected to slow cooling and rapid cooling treatment. The quality-related physiological percentage and severity, and the rate of good fruits were determined, and RNA-seq was used to explore the effects of different cooling methods on pathways related to core browning in advanced-maturity pears at the transcriptional level. The results indicated that, compared with slow cooling treatment, rapid cooling significantly inhibited core browning in advanced-maturity 'Yali' pears. Measurements of quality-related physiological indexes suggested that rapid cooling treatment led to higher SSC content, firmness, L* value, and b* value, indicating better brightness, coloration, and higher soluble solid content, which are desirable for commercial sale. Rapid cooling effectively suppressed the physiological metabolism of 'Yali' pears, delaying fruit senescence compared with slow-cooling treatment. Furthermore, the RNA-Seq sequencing results revealed that pathways related to browning are involved in hormone signal transduction pathways, which are associated with resistance and aging processes of pear fruit. In summary, rapid cooling treatment delayed the core browning of advanced maturity of 'Yali' pears, indicating that the core browning of 'Yali' pears is related to the cooling method, and the mechanism of rapid cooling in reducing the core browning of advanced maturity of 'Yali' pears was by delaying the aging process of the fruit. This provides a new perspective for alleviating the core browning of advanced-maturity 'Yali' pears during storage and transportation, and provides a theoretical reference for studying the mechanism of core browning of 'Yali' pears.

Identification of Quality Characteristics of Autochthonous Karasüt Apple during Cold Storage

The main objective of the research was to assess weight loss, respiration rate, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity and vitamin C content of the autochthonous Karasüt apple throughout cold storage. The ‘Granny Smith’ cultivar was used as positive control. The fruit was kept at a temperature of 0.0±0.5°C and relative humidity of 90±5%. Quality losses were observed in the apples during cold storage. The weight loss of Karasüt apple (6.70%) was higher than that of Granny Smith (2.20%) at the end of cold storage. A lower respiration rate was measured in the Karasüt apple (1.23 nmol CO2 kg-1 s-1), compared to the positive control (1.53 nmol CO2 kg-1 s-1) at harvest. On the contrary, the respiration rate was higher on days 30 and 60. The fruit firmness of Granny Smith (27.14 N) was higher than that of Karasüt (22.47 N) at the end of cold storage. During the cold storage, a higher SSC was obtained from Karasüt apple compared to the positive control. However, titratable acidity was lower in Karasüt apple. In the first two measurements of cold storage, the vitamin C of Karasüt apple was higher than that of the positive control. As a result, it was revealed that Karasüt apple had faster quality losses during cold storage than Granny Smith apple cultivar.

Detection of peach soluble solids based on near-infrared spectroscopy with High Order Spatial Interaction network.

Due to the scalability of deep learning technology, researchers have applied it to the non-destructive testing of peach internal quality. In addition, the soluble solids content (SSC) is an important internal quality indicator that determines the quality of peaches. Peaches with high SSC have a sweeter taste and better texture, making them popular in the market. Therefore, SSC is an important indicator for measuring peach internal quality and making harvesting decisions. This article presents the High Order Spatial Interaction Network (HOSINet), which combines the Position Attention Module (PAM) and Channel Attention Module (CAM). Additionally, a feature wavelength selection algorithm similar to the Group-based Clustering Subspace Representation (GCSR-C) is used to establish the Position and Channel Attention Module-High Order Spatial Interaction (PC-HOSI) model for peach SSC prediction. The accuracy of this model is compared with traditional machine learning and traditional deep learning models. Finally, the permutation algorithm is combined with deep learning models to visually evaluate the importance of feature wavelengths. Increasing the order of the PC-HOSI model enhances its ability to learn spatial correlations in the dataset, thus improving its predictive performance. The optimal model, PC-HOSI model, performed well with an order of 3 (PC-HOSI-3), with a root mean square error of 0.421 °Brix and a coefficient of determination of 0.864. Compared with traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms, the coefficient of determination for the prediction set was improved by 0.07 and 0.39, respectively. The permutation algorithm also provided interpretability analysis for the predictions of the deep learning model, offering insights into the importance of spectral bands. These results contribute to the accurate prediction of SSC in peaches and support research on interpretability of neural network models for prediction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Ppe.RPT/SSC-1: from QTL mapping to a predictive KASP test for ripening time and soluble solids concentration in peach

Genomic regions associated with ripening time (RPT) and soluble solids concentration (SSC) were mapped using a pedigreed population including multiple F1 and F2 families from the Clemson University peach breeding program (CUPBP). RPT and SSC QTLs were consistently identified in two seasons (2011 and 2012) and the average datasets (average of two seasons). A target region spanning 10,981,971–11,298,736 bp on chromosome 4 of peach reference genome used for haplotype analysis revealed four haplotypes with significant differences in trait values among different diplotype combinations. Favorable alleles at the target region for both RPT and SSC were determined and a DNA test for predicting RPT and SSC was developed. Two Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assays were validated on 84 peach cultivars and 163 seedlings from the CUPBP, with only one assay (Ppe.RPT/SSC-1) needed to predict between early and late-season ripening cultivars and low and high SSC. These results advance our understanding of the genetic basis of RPT and SSC and facilitate selection of new peach cultivars with the desired RPT and SSC.

The Use of Chitosan and Beeswax Coatings on Berangan Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) in Different Maturity Stages

The coating is a method of giving a thin layer on the surface of the fruit to inhibit the release of gas, water vapor, and direct contact with oxygen. Coatings can create modified atmospheric conditions that slow fruit ripening, browning and prevent water loss, which in turn delays spoilage. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of the type of coating material (chitosan and beeswax) and the maturity stages of bananas (full green skin, 25% yellow skin, and 50% yellow skin) on changes in the quality of barangan bananas during storage. Coating significantly affected weight loss, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and firmness. Bananas with chitosan coating had higher SSC and titratable acidity than bananas with beeswax coating, but had lower weight loss. The maturity stages of bananas had a significant effect on weight loss, total dissolved solids, total acid, and firmness, which also affected the storage time of barangan bananas. Bananas with a yellow maturity level of 50% had higher weight loss and total dissolved solids than bananas with full green maturity and 25% yellow maturity. The barangan bananas with full green maturity had a shelf life of up to 12 days, bananas with 25 % yellow skin had a shelf life of up to 8 days, and bananas with 50% yellow skin had a shelf life of 4 days at room temperature.

Comparative Analysis of Leaf Vegetable Productivity, Quality, and Profitability among Different Cultivation Modes: A Case Study

In recent years, vegetable production has been in the transitional stage from traditional cultivation mode to modern cultivation mode. Therefore, evaluating the actual productivity and economic benefits of different cultivation modes is instructive for leafy vegetable production. This research chose a vegetable production company (Shanghai, China) as a demonstration case to cultivate various leaf vegetables under different cultivation modes (hydroponic, substrate, and soil cultivation). By investigating the yield and quality of vegetables, as well as all production costs and selling prices, we drive a comparative evaluation of comprehensive features and economic benefits of different cultivation modes. The results showed that leafy vegetables cultivated by hydroponic mode gain the highest fresh weight at the early growth stage, but the greatest unit yield (0.98~1.21 kg·m−2) emerged under the soil cultivation mode. Vegetables grown under substrate mode had the best comprehensive quality with high soluble solids content and low nitrate content. The unit costs of the soilless cultivation modes (8.26~10.3 CNY·m−2) were 3–4-fold higher than that of soil cultivation, mainly due to the high fixed costs and input costs, especially for substrate mode. According to actual prices, the soil cultivation mode had the highest economic benefits as a whole (4.83~8.83 CNY·m−2), and only hydroponic cabbage which had comparable yield gained considerable benefits (8.94 CNY·m−2). Quality-based pricing scheme can make substrate mode achieve profitability. The pricing scheme that guarantees a 40% revenue is within acceptable limits for consumers. Based on this actual production case, it can be concluded that a low unit yield of hydroponic mode and a high unit cost of substrate mode are the predominant factors affecting their profitability and economic viability.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON FRUIT QUALITY OF THE APPLE CULTIVATED IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM

Known being the increasing demand for ecological fruits, both at national level and on international markets, the apple cultivated in the ecological system in Romania can bring economic and social benefits. The orientation towards apple cultivars with genetic resistance to diseases will be gradually imposed, especially in the case of apple, being the main factor in obtaining ecological productions. The value of the ecological apples, as dessert fruits, depends directly on the following physico-chemical characteristics: size (weight and caliber), content of fruit in soluble solids and acids (specially malic acid), firmness and the color of the epidermis. This work aims to quantify the quality elements of the fruits at the maturity of harvesting for 12 apple cultivars, of different origin (6 with Romanian origin and 6 foreign cultivars), located in a field trial of RIFG Pitești, Romania, managed in ecological system. The preliminary results registered at the level of 2022 show that the fruits size varied from 144.26 g ('Rubinola' cv.) to 306.8 g ('Orion' cv.), and the fruit caliber 71.62 mm ('Crimson Crisp' cv.) to 92.13 mm ('Orion' cv.). The cultivars 'Rumina', 'Topaz' and 'Orion' were noted for the high content of soluble solids (over 14%). 'Rubinola' cv. was noted by the high pH of fruits (4.02) and high acid content (0.88% malic acid).

Effects of boron and honeybee on fruit quality of Fortuna strawberry cultivar throughout the active harvest season

In this study, the effects of growing environments with and without honeybees and application in different ways (leaves, soil and leaves + soil) of B fertilizer, on fruit quality parameters of ‘Fortuna’ strawberry cultivar was researched during the active harvest season. The highest SSC (Soluble solid content), fruit flesh hardness, and fruit external color L* and C* values were measured in without-bee environments and in fruits treated with foliar application of B. It was observed that the colour intensities of the fruits harvested in May were better than those in other months. During the experiment, it was observed that the factors and combinations had no significant practical effect on fruit juice acidity levels. Generally, the parameters related to fruit quality were more influenced by climate changes occurring throughout the growing season than by the cultivation conditions and B applications, which were found to be effective but at lower levels.

Seedless okra pod, chlorophyll, vitamin C and mineral content development using plant growth regulator in vitro and in vivo culture.

Vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber that keep a significant role in the functioning of the human body to refrain human health benefits. The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of IAA on the seedless pod, chlorophyll, vitamin and mineral content of okra as human health benefits. The innovative seed soaking method of application using 0, 25, 50, 100 & 200 mg/l of IAA concentrations was used in okra before germination and cultured in vitro and in vivo. The lower concentrations (25 and 50 mg/l) of IAA significantly increased the pod setting compared to the higher concentration (100 and 200 mg/l). The higher concentration (100 and 200 mg/l) had lower fruit settings than the lower concentration (25 &50) had higher fruit settings. The higher pod size was obtained in the concentration of 100 & 200 mg/l of IAA (34.18 cm²) as compared to the control and other concentrations. In addition, the highest soluble solid content was obtained by 100 and 200 mg/l of IAA concentration as compared to the other concentrations. The maximum vitamin C was found in the concentration of 100 mg/l of IAA as compared to the control and other concentrations. Moreover, higher mineral contents like K, Ca, Mg, Na and Fe were found in 100 & 200 mg/l of IAA. The higher concentrations (100 and 200 mg/l) of IAA greatly increased the seedless okra percentage as compared to the lower concentration. It seemed that 100 and 200 mg/l concentration IAA was a better concentration for mineral content and seedless okra production as compared to the other concentrations.

Investigation of Fruit Quality and Biochemical Traits of Rosehip (R. canina) Ecotypes in the Aegean Region of Türkiye

Rosehip is a valuable fruit species in particular for rural populations. In this study, fruit quality parameters of 15 wild grown rosehip ecotypes naturally obtained from seeds in the Aegean Region of Türkiye were determined. The fruit weight, fruit firmness, fruit flesh ratio, fruit shape index, fruit skin color (chroma), soluble solid content, vitamin C, total phenolic, total carotenoid, total anthocyanin, total flavonoid and antioxidant capacity were investigated. The results showed great diversity among ecotypes. The fruit weight, fruit firmness, fruit flesh ratio, fruit shape index, fruit skin color (chroma) and soluble solid content were between 2.28 and 3.29 g, 4.70 and 7.12 N, 69.34 and 81.67%, 0.97 and 1.07, 53.04 and 60.71 and 18.87 and 21.28%, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity was found to be 15.78–28.17 mg AAE/g in a DPPH assay. The vitamin C content of rosehip fruits was measured as 507–621 mg/100 g. Among ecotypes, A-15 gave the biggest fruits, A-1 had the highest soluble solid content and A-13 had the highest vitamin C content. These results suggested that some ecotypes showed more potent bioactive properties than other ecotypes, mainly related to the variations in the antioxidant capacity and bioactive content between ecotypes. Overall, this study provides additional insight into investigating the genotype exhibition of multifunctional bioactive properties.

Nutrient profiling of Wild Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) populations in Northeast India: Assessing the potential of this fruit tree for ecological and human health restoration

Assessing the potential of native species like Emblica officinalis (Aonla) is vital for various reasons. It supports biodiversity conservation, sustainable agriculture, ecological equilibrium, human well-being, and climate resilience. This study, conducted across 30 diverse locations in Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India, unveiled substantial morphological and nutrient variations among Aonla genotypes. Notable findings include G24's high total soluble solids content, G1's maximum acidity, and G13's elevated total carbohydrate content. G29 stood out with increased pectin, vitamin C, and phosphorus, while G19 exhibited higher total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and potassium. Additionally, genotypes displayed differences in crude protein, total starch, crude fibre, and total phenol content. Four promising genotypes (G29, G19, G24, and G1) hold the potential for genetic crop enhancement, offering benefits in local nutrition, health, soil quality, and water retention, not only in Northeast India but also beyond. This research underscores the significance of understanding and utilizing native resources to foster both ecosystems and human communities.

Bioactive profile and microbiological safety of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora beverages obtained by innovative cold extraction methods (cold brews)

Coffee cold brews have been gaining prominence and popularity among consumers worldwide. However, only a few studies have systematically analyzed their chemical composition or evaluated microbiological safety aspects. This study aimed to evaluate the survival of Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli in cold brews prepared from roasted and ground Coffea arabica and C. canephora seeds using the following preparation methods: immersion without filter (INF), immersion in a cotton filter bag (ICF), vacuum (Vac.) and cold dripping (Drip.). Traditional hot dripping methods using filter paper (HDFP) and cotton filter (HDCF) were also tested for comparison. Water at 4 °C or 25 °C was intentionally contaminated (105 CFU/mL) with cells of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (EC) and Bacillus cereus F4433 (BC) before coffee extraction and refrigeration at 4 °C. Coffee concentrations of 5, 10, and 15% were tested. Analyses of pH, soluble solids, nine chlorogenic acids and two lactones (CGA), caffeine, trigonelline, and melanoidins were performed. Results were compared by ANOVA, followed by the Fisher’s test, Pearson correlation, Variable Importance in Projection (VIP), and Cluster analyses, with a significance level of 5%. EC and BC were not detected (<10 CFU/mL and < 1 CFU/mL, respectively) after preparing C. arabica and C. canephora hot brews. In cold brews, the higher the extraction of soluble solids and bioactive compounds (with the highest occurring at 25 °C), the lower the counts of inoculated microorganisms during 24 h of storage. BC was not detected after 24 h of extraction and/or storage in the drinks obtained by ICF and Drip. at 5%, 10%, and 15% and INF and Vac. at 15%. EC was not detected in ICF and Drip. at 10 and 15%, and in INF at 15%. C. canephora brews exhibited higher levels of soluble solids, CGA, caffeine, and melanoidins than C. arabica brews. Based on these results, it can be concluded that in the absence of thermal processing as in hot brews, more concentrated cold brews, such as 15%, produced at 25 °C by dripping and immersion methods, are preferable for later dilution due to the higher content of soluble solids and bioactive compounds that contribute reducing the number of microorganisms in the beverage.

Amino acid-based biostimulant improves the productivity of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under saline stress

 &#x0D; The radish culture is highly sensitive to salinity. The use of an amino acid-based biostimulant can, therefore, be an attenuator of the deleterious effect of salinity on the radish crop. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a biostimulant based on amino acids and freshwater algae extract on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivated under irrigation conditions with saline water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. The saline levels evaluated were 0.15, 1.8, and 2.8 dS.m-1 and four doses of biostimulant were applied (0, 2, 4, and 6 mL/L). The statistical design was completely randomized, in a 4x3 factorial scheme with 4 replications. Biometric and biomass analyses, sodium and potassium contents, and soluble solids were performed. Was observed that plants submitted to high salinity levels (2.8 dS m-1) with application of 6mL/L of the biostimulant showed high values in height (12.2 cm), stem (5mm) and tuber (6mm) diameter, leaf area (50cm2), fresh and dry mass of aerial part (3.5 g) and underground system (5.8 g). The application of the biostimulant 6 mL/L, at the salinity level of 2.8 dS.m-1, favored the increase of saline ions in the tuber of the plants. The application the biostimulant provided a higher content of soluble solids. Applications of the biostimulant in plants with saline stress showed beneficial responses in the performance of the radish, therefore the dose of 6 mL/L is recommended for a satisfactory response of the performance of the radish in saline conditions.

Maturation indexes and physiological quality of seeds and fruits of Morinda citrifolia L.

The seeds of Morinda citrifolia L. present unevenness and delay in germination in relation to other fruit trees. Knowledge about the physiological quality of seeds is extremely relevant for the production of seedlings and propagation of the species. Thus, the objective was to study maturation indices and the physiological quality of seeds and fruits of M. citrifolia. Seeds from freshly picked fruits, fruits harvested after seven days of maturation and freshly dropped fruits were used. The extracted and processed seeds were submitted to the following pre-germination treatments: GA3, KNO3 and H2O. The following were analyzed: fruit length and diameter, seed length, width and thickness, number of seeds per fruit, average number of seeds per kg, weight of 1000 seeds, germination, germination speed index, shoot and root length, seedling dry mass and percentage of normal seedlings. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with three stages of fruit maturation and six treatments, with four replications of 25 seeds. M. citrifolia seeds do not show tegumentary dormancy. The seeds of freshly harvested fruits and fruits harvested after seven days of maturation do not need pre-germination treatments. GA3 promotes greater germination in seeds of fruits harvested from the ground. Fruits that have just fallen to the ground have a higher content of soluble solids and a higher content of acidity. The storage of fruit in a refrigerator for a week provides the maintenance of texture characteristics, such as hardness, adhesiveness, elasticity and gumminess. Fruits with greater hardness have higher physiological seed quality.

Barley and Malt as Base Ingredients for the Production of New Bio-Functional Foods

This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, bioactive compounds (phenolics and γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA), and antioxidant properties of different barley varieties (Overture, Charles, Sinfonía, Montoya, and Andreia) and their malts to weigh up them as potential ingredients for producing new bio-functional foods. For this, five barleys and five malts obtained from them were studied. Regarding chemical composition, total starch was the main component (≈62%) of barleys followed by total dietary fiber (≈22.6%) and proteins (≈9.5%). Potassium and phosphorus were the most abundant elements, with mean values being 3746.1 and 3679.1 g 100g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;d.w., respectively. Regarding the free amino acid profile, the proportion of hydrophobic free amino acids was higher than that of branched-chain amino acids or sulfur-containing amino acids and the mean value of GABA was 8.8 mg 100g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. Ferulic acid was the most abundant free phenolic acid detected in the different barleys, followed by coumaric acid. All barley extracts showed ABTS and DPPH inhibitory activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). As expected, total starch, total dietary fiber, and crude fat contents of malts were lower than those found for barley. However, the malting process increased GABA, ferulic acid, hydrophobic free amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, and sulfur amino acid contents. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of malts were higher than those obtained for barleys. Barley flour could be successfully used as a bio-functional ingredient in many foods. Furthermore, given the high content of soluble solids (mainly carbohydrates, antioxidant compounds such as free phenolic acids and free amino acids, and GABA), malted flours would be novel ingredients for preparing beverages with bio-functional properties.

Long-term field evaluation of Pera sweet orange selections under the Brazilian humid subtropical climate

Currently, a low number of citrus varieties are commercially planted to supply the Brazilian citrus industry demand. The diversification of citrus scion and rootstock varieties is an important strategy to prevent disease outbreaks and to obtain higher off-season profits, as well as to extend fruit supply for the citrus processing industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate 16 Pera sweet orange selections (Citrus ×sinensis Osbeck) under a humid subtropical climate in the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil regarding tree development, production, and disease incidence. The experimental orchard was planted in December 2012 in a randomized block design with three replications and five trees per plot. All scions were grafted on Rangpur lime rootstock (C. ×limonia Osbeck). The evaluations were performed from 2016 through 2022, and included vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality, estimated tree density and productivity for new plantings, and incidence of diseases as citrus canker, huanglongbing (HLB), and citrus tristeza virus (CTV). All data was submitted to ANOVA and means grouped by the Scott Knott’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Pera Perão was the most vigorous variety, with the heaviest and largest fruit, and was among the selections with the highest content of soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and juice. However, this variety showed a light-yellow juice color, and one of the lowest SS·TA−1 ratio. This selection had the lowest percentage of fruits with citrus canker but was among the selections with the highest HLB incidence. The selections Ovale, Clone 9, and Clone 42 also showed higher vegetative growth and fruit length, but lower SS content, juice yield and technological indices. All other Pera selections had lower tree height and canopy volume than Ovale, Clone 9, and Clone 42, and adequate overall fruit quality. Conversely, Pera Comprida, Dibbern, Morretes, and Seleç ão 12 scored lower cumulative fruit yield. Pera Pirangi and Comprida had the highest citrus canker incidence on fruits, while Morretes, Ovo, Pirangi, Seleç ão 12, and Seleç ão 27 had the highest HLB incidence alongside Perão. Low severity level of stem pitting was observed within the evaluated selections. The scores ranged from one (absence of stem pitting) to two (sparse surface stem pitting). IAC, Olímpia, Mel, Bianchi, and IPR 159 revealed to be the most suitable for new plantings under humid subtropical edaphoclimatic conditions, as trees had small vegetative growth, high yield performance and fruit quality, in addition to showing lower incidences of citrus canker, HLB and CTV.

Characterization of Tomato Genotypes for Important Fruit Quality Traits

Characterization of Tomato Genotypes for Important Fruit Quality Traits

Characterization of bioactive and fruit quality compounds of promising mango genotypes grown in Himalayan plain region.

Twenty mango genotypes grown in the plains of the Himalayas were characterized by their physical, physiological, biochemical, mineral and organoleptic attributes: fruit firmness, weight, peel thickness, shape, dry seed weight, respiration rate, weight loss, and shelf life. Biochemical attributes such as soluble solids, total carotenoids, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and total sugars were also determined. In addition, mineral content and fruit-softening enzymes were measured, and an organoleptic evaluation was performed. Polygalactouronase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were measured from the pulp adjacent to the peel. Similarly, biochemical attributes and mineral content were evaluated using fruit pulp, while organoleptic evaluation included fruit pulp characters and the fruit's external appearance. The results of the study showed that the 'Malda' genotype exhibited the highest total phenolic content (560.60 µg/100 g), total antioxidant (5.79 µmol TE/g), and titratable acidity (0.37%) among the tested genotypes. 'Amrapali' had the highest soluble solid content (25.20 °B), 'Jawahar' had the highest ascorbic acid content (44.20 mg/100 g pulp), 'Mallika' had the highest total flavonoid content (700.00 µg/g) and 'Amrapali' had the highest total carotenoid content (9.10 mg/100 g). Moreover, the genotypes 'Malda', 'Safed Malda'and 'Suvarnarekha' had a shelf life of 4-5 days longer than other tested genotypes. The genotypes with high biochemical attributes have practical utility for researchers for quality improvement programmes and processing industries as functional ingredients in industrial products. This study provides valuable information on the nutritional and functional properties of different mango genotypes, which can aid in developing improved varieties with enhanced health benefits and greater practical utility for processing industries.

The results of the evaluation of the biochemical composition of raspberries in the conditions of the Orenburg Region

This article presents the results of studies of the biochemical composition of raspberry varieties (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivated in the Orenburg region. The research was carried out on the collection plots of raspberries of the Orenburg branch of the Federal State Budgetary Research Center of Horticulture 2005-2021. The high content of soluble solids in summer raspberries, compared with the control variety Rannii Syurpriz (12.17-15.21 %), had the varieties Samarskaya Plotnaya, Juravlik, Solnishko and on average exceeded by 3.6-5.8 %, and in raspberries of the repair type of fruiting, the highest value of this indicator was noted in varieties Oranjevoe Chudo (10.7-13.0 %) and Arisha (11.4-12.8 %). The coefficient of variation is 11-16 %. On average, the sugar content in the fruits of raspberry varieties varied from 5.9 to 8.5 %, with the largest amount in the fruits of the varieties Rannii Syurpriz (K) (8.5 %), Juravlik (8.2 %) and Solnishko (8.1 %). These varieties had the most balanced taste due to the low acid content. The maximum content of titrated acid in fruits was 2.0 % in Samarskaya Plotnaya varieties and 2.1 % in Rubinovoe Ojerele varieties. Over many years of research, it has been revealed that the content of ascorbic acid in summer raspberries averaged 24.9 (Volnica) – 51.1 (Skromnica) mg/100 g, and in raspberries of the primocane raspberry of fruiting 40.0 (Jar-Ptica) – 45.5 (Gerakl) mg/100 g. A higher content of ascorbic acid in the fruits of summer raspberries, compared with the control variety Rannii Syurpriz (36.19-45.14 mg/100 g), were characterized by the varieties Skromnica (44.68-58.3 mg/100 g), Samarskaya Plotnaya (39.04-60.48 mg/100 g), Blestyaschaya (35.16-61.32 mg/100 g), Juravlik (33.37-56.90 mg/100 g). The highest content of ascorbic acid in the fruits of raspberries of the repair type of fruiting was found in the varieties Gerakl (41.3-49.6 mg/100 g) and Arisha (40.5-47.3 mg/100 g) in comparison with the control variety Jar-Ptica (35.3-44.7 mg/100 g). Th us, varieties have been selected from the genetic collection of raspberries according to a complex of biochemical characteristics for use in the breeding process: Jar-Ptica, Juravlik, Arisha.