Highest Cause Research Articles

The Input Analysis of Filling The Preeclampsia Screening Sheet in The Maternal and Child Health Handbooks in Tegal Regency

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="Default"><em>In 2019–2021, Preeclampsia has been among the highest causes of maternal death in the Tegal Regency. Early detection of preeclampsia risk factors is done by filling out the screening sheet in the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Handbooks. However, its implementation has not been carried out properly. This study aims to analyzes the input factors the filling out of preeclampsia screening sheets by doctors in Tegal regency. The research was conducted qualitatively with phenomenological approach. This research started from October to December 2022. There were 2 main informant from the Head of the Division and Sub-Coordinators at the Health Office and 12 triangulation informant there where the Head of the Health Center, Coordinating doctors and midwives. Data collection techniques are conducted by in-depth interviews. Analysis of the research data is data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the screening sheets were completely filled out showed 12.5%. The limited human resource is overcome by collaboration between health workers. Doctors' willingness to fill out screening sheets is still lacking. The infrastructure form of physical and laboratory examination tools is available and sufficient; the shortage of preeclampsia screening sheets is fulfilled by duplicating these sheets. Guidelines in the preparation stage, implementation of filling out the preeclampsia screening sheet, it was mostly done by midwives, and there was still non-compliance in filling out the management of screening results. Indeed, filling out the preeclampsia screening sheet had not gone well, and mostly done by midwives. It is recommended that the Health Service make a circular and guidelines for filling out the preeclampsia screening sheet. The head of the Community Health Center prepares a daily schedule, clarifies the duties and authority of doctors and midwives, and creates a service flow.</em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keyword: Input factor, Maternal and Child Health Handbook, Preeclampsia screening sheet</em></strong></p>

Molecular and immunohistochemical study of APC exon 16 and its possible role in colorectal carcinoma development

BackgroundColorectal cancer ranks second as a cause of cancer deaths. Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, especially in exon 16, could contribute to colorectal carcinoma development. This study explored the correlations between APC gene exon 16 variations/expression and colorectal carcinoma progression. MethodsIn a case-control study, blood samples from 150 colorectal carcinoma patients and 50 healthy volunteers were analyzed by PCR and sequencing for APC exon 16 variations. The APC protein expression on tissue samples was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and statistical analyses were used to examine clinicopathological correlations. ResultsThe sequencing analysis revealed a mutation in exon 16 of the APC gene (rs459552) in 36 % of colorectal cancer cases while absent in all non-cancer controls. Subgroup analysis by tumor grade showed higher prevalence of mutant allele in Grade II and Grade III cases, with frequencies reaching 60.0 % and 69.2 %, respectively, compared to a substantially lower prevalence of 29.4 % in Grade I patients. Immunohistochemistry showed no significant correlation between this mutation and APC expression. APC positivity proportions were 25.5 % in Grade I tumors (n = 26/102) versus 17.1 % in Grade II (n = 6/35) and 46.2 % in Grade III (n = 6/13), showing a non-significant trend of reduced positivity in higher grade tumors (p>0.05). ConclusionsThe frequency of APC exon 16 mutation (rs459552) rose significantly with increasing tumor grade. Similarly, although not statistically significant, the percentage of APC positive staining increased with poorer tumor differentiation, rather than declining. Therefore, the APC exon 16 mutation and expression analysis provides insights into colorectal cancer progression, with the rs459552 mutation correlating with grade and may promoting aggression.

Frequency of Occurrence of Leukocytosis in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Copd at a Tertiary Centre

COPD is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality; it is currently the fourth highest cause of death in the world, and is predicted to be the third leading cause of mortality worldwide by the year 2020 [1-2]. COPD is identified mainly according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines; [post bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio less than 0.7; severity determined by FEV1 alone] combined with a history of exposure to risk factors [2]. Exacerbations of respiratory symptoms in COPD are of major importance because of their profound and long lasting adverse effects on patients [3]. Frequent episodes accelerate loss of lung function, affect the quality of life of patients, and are associated with poor survival. There are some specific blood biomarkers for predicting lung function decline, acute exacerbation, or even mortality from big longitudinal cohort studies. However, their performance is depressing [4] . Peripheral blood leukocytosis has already been well investigated in the aspect of inflammatory biomarkers for COPD. The level of leukocytes is a key parameter in the clinical assessment of patients with COPD exacerbation, with and without fever. The presentation of high WBC count makes it important to distinguish the effect of the glucocorticosteroid from the effect of the possible infection [5-7].

Abstract B080: Examining racial differences in area-level factors associated with prostate cancer stage at diagnosis: A systematic review

Abstract In the United States, prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer and the second highest cause of cancer deaths in men. Despite the high survival rate for prostate cancer compared to other cancers, racial and ethnic disparities persist. Black males are more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage, with more aggressive forms, and have two-fold higher age-adjusted mortality rates than non-Hispanic White males. Research studies show that the stage at diagnosis is a critical prognostic factor for survival and access to quality health care. There is increasing evidence of an association between neighborhood area-level contextual factors (e.g., social and physical environments) and prostate cancer stage at diagnosis, but very few systematic reviews. This systematic review examined White and Black racial differences in the association between area-level factors and prostate cancer stage diagnosis in the United States. We systematically obtained relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English until August 30, 2022, from three databases: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. The relevant studies included prostate cancer observational studies in adult men (18 years and older) conducted in the United States that measured one or more area-level factors at the level of a geographic unit (e.g., census tract, block group, and zip codes). We used the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies to review the internal validity of the final studies. The reviewers identified 41 articles with a stage at diagnosis as an outcome, of which 11 articles (26%) statistically examined White-Black differences for the association between stage at diagnosis and an area-level factor. Most of the final 11 studies (73%) used advanced stage (regional, distant/metastatic stage) as the primary indicator variable, and two studies looked at two different outcomes (e.g., localized/early stage and tumor aggressiveness). The observed area-level factors were grouped as social (62.5%), physical/built environment (18.8%), and health service determinants (18.8%). Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) or deprivation composite scores (12.5%) and poverty (12.5%) were the most area-level factors reported in the studies. There were differences in area-level factors associated with prostate cancer severity for Black and White males. Overall, the results showed that Black men were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced-stage or aggressive tumors if they resided in areas with low neighborhood SES, low environmental quality, and the highest deprived and racially segregated areas compared to Whites. The study summarized results from individual studies exploring the role of neighborhood area-level factors and prostate cancer stage racial disparities in the United States. Future studies can provide an understanding of the impact and mechanisms of the area-level social and physical environments in cancer disparities. Citation Format: Ifeanyi B. Chukwudozie, Elle R. Martell, Ravneet Kaur, Rosie Hanneke, Vincent Freeman. Examining racial differences in area-level factors associated with prostate cancer stage at diagnosis: A systematic review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B080.

Abstract C066: The SC AMEN Program for Black men: Providing education and navigation to prostate cancer screening with informed decision-making

Abstract Purpose: Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second highest cause of cancer death in the United States (U.S). The prostate cancer incidence and death rates in the U.S. are twice as high among Black men vs White men. To address this issue, the Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center (MUSC HCC) developed the South Carolina Prostate Cancer Education and Navigation to Screening Program for African American Men (SC AMEN Program). This new program provides prostate cancer information and includes patient navigators who help to overcome the social determinants of health barriers (e.g., lack of transportation, lack of a primary care provider, co-pays) that could prevent Black men from receiving prostate cancer screening. The navigators guide the participants to a physician for an informed decision-making discussion related to prostate cancer screening. Methods: The SC AMEN Program includes a one-hour evidence-based prostate cancer educational session that is delivered to each enrolled participant. The pre-test survey assesses prostate cancer knowledge using the validated PROCASE scale. The survey is administered again at post-test, following the educational session. Each participant is then navigated to a physician to discuss prostate cancer screening over the next three months. The navigation intervention is modeled after the National Cancer Institute’s patient navigation training modules, which integrate adult learning theory, social cognitive theory, and social support theory into the intervention. Results: Among the 122 study participants, 2.8% reported having Hispanic/American Indian ethnicity. The age range of the 122 participants was 40-69 years old; 5.7% had less than a high school education, 26.2% stopped education after high school, 18.9% completed high school and some college, and 49.2% were college graduates/had completed a postgraduate degree. In terms of health insurance coverage, only 45.1% of participants had current or former employer or labor union insurance coverage. The other participants had a mix of Medicare, military, and private insurance coverage. Eighty-seven percent of the participants had an identified primary care physician, while 9.8% did not. 87.7% of participants have primary care and 9.8% of participants did not. The total average pretest score was 6.5/10 with a standard deviation of 1.7. The total average post-test score was 7.2/10 with a standard deviation of 1.5. The total point increase from pretest to post-test was 0.7. Across all study sites, the change in prostate cancer knowledge results from pre-test to post-test was statistically significant (p<0.001). Ninety-three percent of the participants in this ongoing study have received prostate cancer screening or have made a screening appointment. Conclusion: The SC AMEN Program appears to be successful in increasing the study participants’ knowledge of prostate cancer and informed decision making for prostate cancer screening. Citation Format: Marvella E. Ford, Melanie Slan, Angel M. Malek, Claudia Lawton, Lee Moultrie, Adam Pressley, Ellen Gomez, Jessica Zserai, Joan McLauren, Mina Platt, Nhi Phuong Le, Chloe Keeve, Joie Zabec, Marla Sagatelian, Nicholas Shungu. The SC AMEN Program for Black men: Providing education and navigation to prostate cancer screening with informed decision-making [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C066.

Relationship of CK-MB Levels with Troponin T in Patient with Coronary Heart Disease at Siloam Hospital Jambi

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the cardiovascular diseases which is the highest cause of death in the world. CHD occurs due to the build-up of cholesterol plaque which causes narrowing of the arteries. CHD is characterized by an increase in biomarkers, especially cardiac troponin and Creatine Kinase enzyme activity. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between CK-MB and Troponin T in CHD patients.
 Method: The type of this research is descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was all patients who had been clinically diagnosed with CHD by doctors at Siloam Jambi Hospital according to their medical records. The sampling technique used was a total sample technique that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To analyze the relationship between variables, a parametric statistical test is used, namely the Pearson correlation test.
 Result: The results of the study show the average value of CK-MB activity = 46.12 IU/L and Troponin T = 359.53 ng/L. The Pearson correlation test analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between CK-MB and Troponin T (p <0.00001), and the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.636.
 Conclusion: The activity of the CK-MB enzyme and the levels of Troponin T enzymes have a strong relationship in CHD patients at Siloam Hospital Jambi.

Stress and Coping Strategies of Madrasah’s Teachers on Applying Distance Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of life, including face-to-face learning processes in madrasah to distance learning. These changes have caused psychological problems or stress among teachers. The study aims to describe the mental health issue during COVID-19 and how to overcome it. The study applied quantitative and qualitative approaches, with 1,520 teachers, consisting of 615 teachers from Islamic Schools (madrasah) in Bali and 905 in NTT. Findings indicate that the stress level experienced by madrasah teachers in the two provinces was in a low category at a score of 1.54, though both regions were at very different levels in terms of internet affordability, the highest cause of teacher stress was the concern for students’ ability to absorb the learning material; and 92.68% of teachers selected problem-focused coping mechanisms, particularly efforts to improve their skills in conducting distance learning. The findings from the study provide important input for teachers’s coping strategies for mental health issues of distance learning.

Monitoring Bpm And Body Temperature Based Internet Of Things (Iot) Thingspeak Platform

The development of technology in the health sector as well as modern science and technology, both in the treatment of patients and in technology that facilitates the development of health science itself, has experienced very rapid development. Various operational processes in hospitals have now undergone many developments, namely by replacing human performance with automated systems. One of them is an automatic system for monitoring heart rate and human body temperature. Heart rate and body temperature are two important parameters used by medical personnel to determine a person's physical health and mental condition. Because if the heart rate and body temperature are not normal, more effort is needed to prevent unwanted things from happening. Heart disease is known as one of the highest causes of death in the world, while body temperature can detect something that is in the body. In order for monitoring tools to be more practical and efficient to use, tools have been made with real time monitoring and can be monitored remotely. The design of this tool uses the Max30102 as a BPM sensor which has a digital output, also the Mlx90614 sensor as a temperature sensor which has a digital output, then processes it on and displays the value on the I2C LCD and sends data to the Thingspeak platform assisted by ESP32 as a wifi module. BPM has the smallest error of 0.23% and the largest of 2.11% while Temperature has the smallest error of 0.59% and the largest of 3.37%. The results of this study can be implemented on patient monitors to increase the efficiency of the remote monitoring system

Effectiveness of Plant Bioactive Compounds as Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Inhibitors: A Systematic Review

Cancer is a non-communicable disease and one of the highest causes of human death. It has been well documented that active substances have been shown in vitro to have anticancer properties. The purpose of this article is to examine the therapeutic implications of active substances involved in colorectal anticancer activity. We looked through the databases of PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar in our systematic review to find papers released between 2013 and 2023. Ten studies were selected and published between 2013 and 2023. From the results obtained on plant data used as colorectal anticancer, it was reported that plants contain active phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, gallic acid, saponins, triterpenoid/steroid, hydroquinones, triterpenoids, phenols, glycosides, quercetin, kaempferol, artemisinin, and tannins that can act as colorectal anticancer agents and are proven to be an inhibitor of cell line growth in colorectal cancer.

Cervical cancer treatment update: A Society of Gynecologic Oncology clinical practice statement

Cervical cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynecologic cancer worldwide. Although the incidence has declined with increased screening and higher uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in high-income countries, this disease remains the second highest cause of cancer mortality among women in low- and middle-income countries. In this clinical practice statement, we describe therapies for cervical cancer by treatment setting, as well as quality of life, financial toxicity, and disparities associated with this disease. In addition to chemotherapy and radiation, therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer include immune checkpoint blockade, antiangiogenics, and antibody-drug conjugates. Optimal treatment for recurrent cervical cancer remains an area of unmet need, necessitating further exploration of rational and innovative treatment approaches, including cell and immune-based therapies. Importantly, development of effective therapies for cervical cancer must incorporate strategies to ensure universal equitable access to HPV vaccination, screening, and treatment. Important consequences of the disease and treatment that impact quality of life must also be addressed. Patients with cervical cancer are at increased risk for financial toxicity, which can lead to downstream detrimental effects on physical, financial, and career outcomes. Underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities in gynecologic oncology clinical trials highlights the urgent need for collaborative and focused initiatives to bridge the significant divide and alleviate inequalities in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

Novel breath biomarkers identification for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis using ML tools and GCMS.

According to WHO 2019, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth highest cause of cancer death worldwide. More precise diagnostic models are needed to enhance early HCC and cirrhosis quick diagnosis, treatment, and survival. Breath biomarkers known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled air can be used to make rapid, precise, and painless diagnoses. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS) are utilized to diagnose HCC and cirrhosis VOCs. In this investigation, metabolically generated VOCs in breath samples (n = 35) of HCC, (n = 35) cirrhotic, and (n = 30) controls were detected via GCMS and SPME. Moreover, this study also aims to identify diagnostic VOCs for distinction among HCC and cirrhosis liver conditions, which are most closely related, and cause misleading during diagnosis. However, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is time-consuming and error-prone since it requires an expert. To verify GC-MS data analysis, we present an in-house R-based array of machine learning models that applies deep learning pattern recognition to automatically discover VOCs from raw data, without human intervention. All-machine learning diagnostic model offers 80% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 95% accuracy, with an AUC of 0.9586. Our results demonstrated the validity and utility of GCMS-SMPE in combination with innovative ML models for early detection of HCC and cirrhosis-specific VOCs considered as potential diagnostic breath biomarkers and showed differentiation among HCC and cirrhosis. With these useful insights, we can build handheld e-nose sensors to detect HCC and cirrhosis through breath analysis and this unique approach can help in diagnosis by reducing integration time and costs without compromising accuracy or consistency.

A Rationality Study of Antihypertensive Drugs Usage in Preeclampsia Patients in the Private Hospital

Preeclampsia is a hypertension that happens in pregnancy of ≥ 20 weeks and occurs with proteinuria. Preeclampsia is also the highest cause of mother’s death second place in Indonesia. According to that, a study of rationality is needed concerning medicine usage as one of the efforts to determine which medicine is accepted by the rational patient so that the expected therapeutic effect is achieved and does not harm the lives of the mother and baby. The purpose of this research is to determine the profile and rationality of anti-hypertension medicine usage on pregnant mothers with preeclampsia at a private hospital in Malang. This is an observational descriptive research that uses retrospective data. The sample-taking method of this research is using a total sampling method. This research data is served on a diagram or table and percentage. The result of this research is that 3 kinds of anti-hypertension medicine are used: nifedipine 78%, amlodipine 17%, and candesartan 5%. The rationality study of the use of antihypertensive drugs in this study obtained 78% correct indication, 100% correct drug, 93% correct dose, 62% correct interval of administration, and 100% correct patient. This study shows that the usage of antihypertensive drugs in preeclampsia is rational in several parameters.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS BUAH NANAS TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINEUM DERAJAT 2 PADA IBU POST PARTUM

Perineal tears are those that happen there. when the baby is born spontaneously or episiotomy. If the perineal tear is not treated immediately, infection will occur and delay wound healing. Infection ranks as the fourth highest cause of the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). Efforts are being made to prevent infection and accelerate wound healing with alternative medicine by giving pineapple which is processed into pineapple juice. Pineapple contains the enzyme beromelain where this enzyme aims to heal all wounds, both perineal wounds. This study aims to determine the effect of giving pineapple juice on the healing of 2nd degree women with postpartum perineal wounds at the Tanjung Pratama Clinic, Deli Tua District, Deli Serdang Regency. This study used a quasi-experimental study type with a group design pretest posttest. The population in this study was postpartum women who experiencand ed perineal tears Using the technique of purposive sampling, around 16 people were sampled. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Prior analysis results being given the average value of perineal wound healing was 6.13 (50%) while the average perineal wound healing after being given an average value of 0.38 (81.3%) obtained a p value = 0.000 0.05. this means that giving pineapple juice has a healing effect on perineal wounds.

Identification of Train Braking Systems using Failure Mode And Effect Analysis Method at UPT Balai Yasa Surabaya Gubeng

Quality control of the train braking system is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety of many train passengers. This study aims to analyze the factors that will influence the failure of the train braking system, especially the problematic braking components, to improve the quality standards of the train braking system. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method is proposed to identify potential causes of failure—train braking systems. The main components of train braking, critical systems, failure modes, and causes of failure are analyzed, and preventive measures are suggested to reduce the impact of the failure. The results showed that the highest cause of failure of 49% was the failure of the braking system components in the control valve with an RPN value of 720, which could cause the brake block to bind so that leaks could occur, and the brake system would not work.

The Relationship Between Proteinuria Degree of Pre-eclampsia Mother and Incidence of Neonatal Low Birth Weight at General Hospital Karsa Husada Batu

Preeclampsia is hypertension that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation with proteinuria. As one of the second highest causes of maternal death in Indonesia, preeclampsia must be detected and managed quickly and appropriately before complications that threaten the mother and fetus arise. One of the conditions that can be associated with preeclampsia is the outcome of low birth weight babies (LBW). This study aimed to determine the relationship between the degree of proteinuria in preeclampsia mothers and incidence of LBW at RSU Karsa Husada Batu. This study used a cross-sectional study design. Data was collected from medical record. The independent variable in this study was the degree of proteinuria and the dependent variable was diagnosis of LBW. The population in this study were all preeclampsia mothers and their babies from preeclampsia patients at RSU Karsa Husada Batu in 2021 with total of 38 patient. Sampling was done by total population sampling. Data analysis used in the study is chi square test. The results of this study showed that there is a relationship between the degree of proteinuria in preeclampsia mothers and incidence of LBW or the higher the degree of proteinuria, the higher the risk of babies from preeclampsia patients experiencing LBW ( p=0,005 ; CI = 95%).
 Keywords: Preeclampsia, Proteinuria, LBW

Differential modulation of cellular phenotype and drug sensitivity by extracellular matrix proteins in primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer cells.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is reported to be the third highest cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. PDAC is known for its high proportion of stroma, which accounts for 90% of the tumor mass. The stroma is made up of extracellular matrix (ECM) and nonmalignant cells such as inflammatory cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and lymphatic and blood vessels. Here, we decoupled the effects of the ECM on PDAC cell lines by culturing cells on surfaces coated with different ECM proteins. Our data show that the primary tumor-derived cell lines have different morphology depending on the ECM proteins on which they are cultured, while metastatic lesion-derived PDAC lines' morphology does not change with respect to the different ECM proteins. Similarly, ECM proteins modulate the proliferation rate and the gemcitabine sensitivity of the primary tumor PDAC cell lines, but not the metastatic PDAC lines. Lastly, transcriptomics analysis of the primary tumor PDAC cells cultured on different ECM proteins reveals the regulation of various pathways, such as cell cycle, cell-adhesion molecules, and focal adhesion, including the regulation of several integrin genes that are essential for ECM recognition.

Strengthening Posbindu Member in Efforts to Prevent and Control Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Gandu District, Kulon Progo, DIY

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are non-communicable and chronic diseases. NCDs are caused by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. NCDs such as cancer and diabetes are among the highest causes of death. The implementation of Posbindu in Gandu District is currently still accompanied by Puskesmas officers. This is the focus of the Implementation Team to conduct training so that Posbindu can run independently. Posbindu training began with pre-test, material presentation, sphygmomanometer and GCU training, ended with post-test. T-Test results from pre- and post-test obtained significance values p = 0.00, sphygmomanometer training (p = 0.00), and GCU training (p = 0.00). This showed the influence of counselling and training on the knowledge and skills of PTM Posbindu member in using sphygmomanometer and GCU devices.

Efforts To Prevent Adolescent Anemia Through Giving Soy Milk And Dates

Anemia is a decrease in the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen due to a less than normal number of red blood cells or a decrease in hemoglobin concentration which can be caused by a decrease in the production of red blood cells or a lot of blood loss. Anemia in Indonesia is generally caused by iron deficiency, so it is more often called iron deficiency anemia. Anemia is a condition in which a person has a hemoglobin (Hb) level of <13g/dL for males or <12g/dL for females. This disease is the highest cause of disability in the world. The aim of this activity is to prevent anemia through giving soy milk and dates to anemic young women at Baitul Hikmah Tempurejo Vocational School, Jember. The method of delivering health education is carried out by means of a question and answer discussion to all respondents. The results of community service activities have provided education to young women through lectures, checking Hb levels, discussing the importance of preventing anemia. The responses generated by the respondents were enthusiastic enough to be understood by teenagers. This is evidenced by the questions and answers from the respondents. A screening test for hemoglobin (Hb) levels was carried out. From the results of the examination, not all adolescents with normal Hb levels, some were in the anemia category, the hemoglobin level was checked using an electric detection device. Treatment has been given by giving date soy milk to adolescents with anemia, then re-evaluation was carried out and the results showed an increase in Hb levels.

Simplified Selvester QRS Score as an Infarct Size Parameter in STEMI Patients Undergoing Pharmacoinvasive or Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background:Cardiovascular disease especially acute myocardial infarct (AMI) is one of the highest cause of mortality worldwide. Majority of AMI comes in the form of ST elevation myocardial infarct (STEMI) that requires timely diagnosis and revascularization management to restore myocardial circulation. The simple method to estimate infarct size is by using simplified Selvester QRS Score to electrocardiogram records, which is a tested method that have good correlation with gold standard, namely cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. 
 Objectives : To investigate difference of infarct size with simplified Selvester QRS score parameter between STEMI patients undergoing pharmacoinvasive compared to primary PCI.
 Methods: Eighty-two STEMI patients, 41 of pharmacoinvasive and 41 of primary PCI was scored with simplified Selvester QRS score from electrocardiogram recording. Patient data are retroactively taken form Sardjito Cardiovascular Intensive Care (SCIENCE) registry. Scoring of simplified Selvester QRS Score was done by two experienced cardiologist blinded to patient procedure, and results then measured for interobserver agreement with Bland-Altman test. Comparison of QRS Score in pharmacoinvasive and primary PCI group was done with independent sample T test followed with multivariable linear regression test.
 Results: The means of simplified Selvester QRS score in pharmacoinvasive and primary PCI group is 7.240±3.015 and 8.900±4.188, p=0.043, respectively. Independent sample T test shows significant difference in the simplified Selvester QRS score in pharmacoinvasive and primary PCI group. The multivariable analysis shows that variables other than revascularization method independently influences QRS score are onset, anterior segment ST elevation and ST segment elevation in more > 3 leads in electrocardiogram.
 Conclusion: There is significant difference in infarct size measured by simplified Selvester QRS score betweem STEMI patient undergoing pharmacoinvasive method compared to primary PCI procedure, which is lower in the pharmacoinvasive group

Mental illness in children and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis, 2023.

Young people are at risk of developing mental health disorders. Depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems are among the primary causes of illness and impairment among teenagers. Suicide is the fourth highest cause of mortality in those aged 15 to 29. This study aimed to assess the determinants of mental health among children in Ethiopia. Online databases were searched from inception until March 2023. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 was used in this review. Subgroup analysis, I2 test, funnel plot, and Egger's test were performed. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of mental illnesses among Ethiopian children was 24.68% (95% CI: 19.99%-32.38%). Having previous child abuse history (OR: 5.65; 95% CI: 4.32-7.39), poor socio-economic status (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.24-3.04), urban residence (OR: 1.93; 95% CI:1.39-2.67), and being male (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.15-2.38) were determinants of childhood mental illness in Ethiopia. and Recommendations: Mental disorders are highly prevalent in children with a history of child abuse, and a strong legislative body must be established to prosecute child abusers. Interventions that focus on gender equality in education and the creation of a safe environment for poor urban children are suggested.