High Case Research Articles

Modeling of Survival Analysis of Recovery Rate of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Patients at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital

BACKGROUND: DHF is one of the endemic diseases with the highest cases in Indonesia. According to WHO data in 2020, the incidence of DHF has increased more than 8 times over the last two decades, from 505,430 cases in 2000, to more than 2.4 million in 2010 and 5.2 million in 2019.
 AIM: This study aims to analyzed the recovery rate of DHF patients at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital During the COVID-19 period and the factors that influence it.
 METHODS: This study is a quantitative study with a retrospective cohort study design. Data were taken from the medical records of DHF patients during the COVID-19 period (March 2020-February 2022). The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The analysis used the Kaplan-Meier ̧ Cox Regression method, and the Cox Proportional Hazard analysis.
 RESULTS: The average time it takes a patient to recover from DHF at Dr. M. Djamil Padang is 10 days. Patients who experienced the event were 32.7%, with an incidence rate of 0.061%. DHF patients at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang, most of them were >14 years old, male, duration of fever before hospitalization >4 days, platelet level 100,000, hematocrit level >20%, and patients using insurance.
 CONCLUSION: DHF patients aged >14 years, duration of fever before hospitalization 4 days, hematocrit level 20% had a longer recovery rate. It is recommended to the hospital to be better prepared to handle DHF patients according to risk factors and to collaborate for health education.

Analysis of Nutritional Status of Batita in Taman Rahayu Village, Working Area of Puskesmas Setu II Bekasi

According to the results of the Indonesian Nutrition Status Study (SSGI) in children aged 0-59 months out of 153,228 it was found that 7.1% of children were wasted with the highest cases being in Maluku (12.0%) and the lowest being in Bali (3). ,0 %). Meanwhile, in West Java, 5.3% of children were found. The aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional status of toddlers in Taman Rahayu Village, the working area of ​​the Setu II Health Center in Bekasi. This research is an analytic survey research using a cross sectional research design with a population of 357 people and a sample of 79 people selected using random sampling technique. Data was taken using a questionnaire which was then processed using a statistical program. The research found that most of the toddlers (75.9%) were well nourished and only 6.3% of toddlers were malnourished. Most of them received poor parenting (72.2%), had low income (77.2%), had no history of infectious diseases (94.9%) and had poor knowledge (67.1%). The results of the statistical analysis found factors related to the nutritional status of toddlers, namely upbringing (p value = 0.008), while unrelated factors were income (p value = 0.107), history of infectious diseases (p value = 0.224), and knowledge (p value = 0.089).

PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT SEBAGAI METODE PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA REMAJA

The incidence of anemia has the highest cases or prevalence (60%) in Southeast Asian countries, especially in school-age children, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia at the age of 15–24 years is quite high at 32%. Anemia in adolescence can be prevented by providing knowledge to increase understanding through counseling activities related to the implementation of clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS). This activity aims to increase the understanding of adolescents related to anemia. This activity is one of the educational actions that adopt the Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS) method, using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) model, with discussion and question and answer techniques. This activity has added to the understanding and insight of teenagers regarding anemia, especially how to prevent it, and has been welcomed enthusiastically by teenagers, This is because the material presented is of interest to teenagers

Intravenous-Therapy-Associated Circulatory Overload: A Retrospective Study of Forensic Cases

Background and Objective: Intravenous therapy is widely used in clinics to deliver medications and fluids to patients, and overuse may cause intravenous-infusion-associated circulatory overload (IACO) and death. However, forensic data on deaths from the overuse of intravenous therapy are limited. We performed a retrospective study to identify whether causes of death in forensic practice were associated with IACO. Methods: A total of 572 medical-related cases with a history of intravenous infusion who suffered from injuries or illnesses and died after treatment in hospitals were recruited from two centers of forensic medicine between 2002 and 2018. Results: The results demonstrated that 6.47% of cases (37/572) were exposed to an infusion overdose that resulted in deaths related to IACO, and 43.24% of cases (16/37) had a net fluid retention ranging from 3.0 L/d to 13.8 L/d. The highest case was administered 1.4 L blood products and 13.6 L fluids within 25 h. We observed significant decreases in red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelets from the time of “on admission” to “before death”, except for white blood cells. Autopsy findings of 16 cases revealed some organ or tissue pathological alterations related to IACO, including pale-yellow liquid overflow under the abdominal epidermis, much transudate in body cavities, and lung edema with a high tissue density and no obvious slurry deposition in the alveolar lumen. Another 21 cases died after a rapid infusion rate ranging from 111 to 293 drops/min, which resulted from viral myocarditis on autopsy. Conclusions: Our data on excessive or irrational use of intravenous therapy indicate a severe circulatory overload, which may eventually result in lethal outcomes. Therefore, the use of improper intravenous therapy should be reduced to ameliorate adverse health consequences during clinical treatment.

Implementasi Algoritma K-Means dalam Analisis Klasterisasi Penyebaran Penyakit Hiv/Aids

The most crucial component of everyone's life is their health, especially for young people, health problems that often arise in the younger generation are promiscuity or free sex. HIV/AIDS cases were reported in the last 30 years, from 1992 to 2022 as many as 2,052 were infected with HIV/AIDS. Dozens of them are students and college students. This study's objective was to cluster the total cases of HIV/AIDS based on sub-districts in Karawang district. Seeing which areas need more attention in dealing with cases of HIV/AIDS transmission and the areas with the highest cases can serve as a manual for choosing the highest areas and these areas can be the main focus. The approach adopted for this study is data mining. To solve the existing problems, the authors use the K-Means algorithm using 4 clusters to find out which sub-district groups have very high, high, medium and low numbers of HIV/AIDS cases by calcualating the centroid/mean of the cluster data. The results of the study contained 4 clusters as follows: cluster 0 with low criteria earned 73%, cluster 1 with very high criteria earned 3%, cluster 2 with medium criteria earned 7%, and cluster 3 with high criteria earned 17%

Epidemiological, clinical and hematobiochemical studies on hemotoxic snakebite in bovines

Snakebite is a conflict between venomous snakes and humans as well as livestock and considered as neglected tropical disease. The present study aimed to investigate the hospital prevalence, clinical and hemato-biochemical aspects of hemotoxic snakebite in bovines. The overall hospital prevalence of hemotoxic snakebite in bovines was found to be 0.93%. Highest prevalence of hemotoxic snakebite in bovines was observed in August month during monsoon season in female bovines with higher cases in buffaloes. The highest occurrence was reported in native Marathwadi buffalo, non-descript and Deoni cattle of > 4 years and 1-4 years age group in forelimbs and hindlimbs during morning and evening hours. Ascending swelling over limbs extending upward and lameness in case of bite on limbs while asymmetrical swelling in case of bite over face, occasional signs of bleeding like melena, hematuria, epistaxis and bleeding from the site of bite were the prominent clinical signs observed in hemotoxic snakebite affected bovines. Highly significant increase in heart rate and respiration rate, while decrease in rumen motility was observed in snakebite affected bovines. Hemato-biochemial analysis showed highly significant increase in leukocyte count, erythrocyte count and PCV, significant increase in granulocyte and monocyte count, highly significant decrease in platelet count while increase in capillary blood clotting time, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase levels compared to healthy bovines.

Factors associated with hypertension among adults in high burden kidney disease areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey.

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for preventable cardiovascular-related complications and mortalities worldwide. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among 361 adults from four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa state identified to have high burden of kidney diseases. The Modified WHO STEPS questionnaire and multi-stage sampling technique were employed and data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0. The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 102 years with a median of 45 (interquartile range = 30-80) years. More than a quarter (34.9%) of the respondents were unemployed. Few reported history of alcohol ingestion (0.8%) and cigarette smoking (1.1%). The prevalence of systolic hypertension was 116 (32.1%), while that of diastolic hypertension was 133 (36.8%). Jahun LGA had higher cases (36.7%) of systolic hypertension, whereas Dutse LGA had higher cases (47.8%) of diastolic hypertension. Systolic hypertension was significantly higher (P < 0.001) among those >35 years of age. The odds of developing systolic hypertension were significantly lower among those between the ages of 18 and 35 years, and those between the ages of 18 and 35 years were less likely to have systolic hypertension than those above the age of 35 years (adjusted odds ratio = 9.0; 95% confidence interval = 4.6-17.6). Similarly, those who reported family history of diabetes and hypertension (P < 0.001) had a significantly higher proportion of systolic hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was alarming in the high burden kidney disease areas. The government should develop a sustainable model for the mass community screening of risk factors and community-based health insurance for the effective management of all identified cases.

A cross-national study of multilevel determinants on public fully vaccination against COVID-19.

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has impacted the world for close to three years and led to substantial costs to public well-being. To mitigate the pandemic's damage, the most effective approach lies in the vaccine. This study aims to investigate multilevel predictors of the public decision to become fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Data from a cross-national survey on representative samples are merged with country-level indicators. Multilevel logistic regression models are estimated on populations from 15 countries. Findings show that people who agree the government handles the pandemic well, believe the health officials would provide an effective vaccine, perceive the virus's danger, and are older are more likely to get fully vaccinated than their counterparts. Meanwhile, the national case rate and vaccination rate also affect one's decision to become fully vaccinated. Furthermore, there are significant cross-level interactions as people are more inclined to become fully vaccinated if they agree with the government's performance, perceive the virus's danger, and also reside in countries with higher case and vaccination rates. This study shows cross-national evidence regarding multilevel determinants of public vaccine uptake. Knowing the profiles among populations who have become fully vaccinated or not helps public health experts leverage factors and maximize vaccination.

Factors Associated with Stunting in Children Under Five: A Cross-Sectional Study from Ritaebang Health Center, West Solor, East Flores, Indonesia

Background: Stunting in children under five years of age is a global nutritional problem. World Health Organization (WHO) puts Indonesia as the third country with the highest cases in Asia. Prevalence of stunting in children under five years of age in East Nusa Tenggara touches 40.3%, the highest compared to other provinces in Indonesia. The study aims to discover factors associated with stunting incidences in children under five years of age in the working area of Ritaebang Community Health Center, West Solor, East Flores. Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the working area of Ritaebang Community Health Center, West Solor, East Flores during the month of June – July 2022. A total of 70 children under five years of age were selected by using random sampling. The dependent variables were birth weight, consumption pattern, clean water availability, maternal education, number of family members, and family income. The independent variable was stunting children under five years of age. The data were collected by using questionnaires, and analyzed by using SPSS. Results: The stunting incidences in children under five years of age were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding (OR= 3.91; p= 0.046), consumption pattern (OR= 19.63; p&lt;0.001), the availability of clean water (OR= 6.37; p= 0.001), maternal education, (OR= 3.14; p= 0.033), number of family members (OR= 6.71; p= 0.007), and family income (OR= 12.25; p= 0.008), and were also associated with birth weight (OR= 3.61; p= 0.214), however it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Stunting incidences is associated with birth weight, breastfeeding, consumption pattern, clean water availability, maternal education, number of family members, and family income. Keywords: stunting, birth weight, clean water, environment. Correspondence: Marina A.B Ndetu. Public Health Department, Public Health Faculty, Universitas Nusa Cendana. Jl. Adi Sucipto Penfui, Penfui, Maulafa, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. 85001. Email: Marina­ndetu12@gmail.com piusweraman@yahoo.com. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2023), 08(01): 1-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2023.08.01.01

Faktor Jenis Kelamin dan Status Imunisasi terhadap Kejadian Pneumonia pada Balita di RSUD dr. Soedarso

Introduction: The incidence of pneumonia in toddlers was recorded as the second highest case in the Pediatric Inpatient Room at the dr. Soedarso Regional General Hospital, West Borneo Province. Purpose: Analyzing the relationship between sex and immunization status on the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers at the dr. Soedarso Regional General Hospital, West Borneo Province. Methods: The study used a case control design with 31 cases and 31 controls. Sampling using a total sampling technique with a ratio of 1:1. The case group was toddlers diagnosed with pneumonia by the Patient Responsible Doctor who was recorded in the medical record. The control group was toddlers were not diagnosed with pneumonia by the Patient Responsible Doctor who was recorded in the medical record . This study used bivariate analysis. The statistical test is the Chi-Square Test. Results: The most data for toddlers is owned by toddlers with male sex (54.8%).Most of the data for toddlers is owned by toddlers with incomplete immunization status (82.3%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between sex and immunization status on the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between sex and immunization status on the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers at the dr. Soedarso Regional General Hospital, West Borneo Province. This research still needs further research to explore other factors that can cause pneumonia in toddlers.

Tuberculosis Sanatorium of 21st Century Exploring the Admission Pattern and Duration of Stay at TB Sanatorium Bhowali, Uttarakhand, India: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: With time there have been major changes in the management of TB. No longer TB sanatoriums are preferred. However, in this 21st century, few sanatoriums do exist but are no longer in their original forms, to explore the admission patterns and duration of stay at the TB sanatorium Bhowali, Uttarakhand. Methodology: We retrieved the data between 1st January 2018 to 31st July 2021 from the inpatient Department (IPD) of TB sanatorium Bhowali. Data were extracted in an extraction sheet and descriptive data analysis was done to see the admission patterns and duration of stay. The place of residence was analysed as per the district-wise distribution. Results: There were 1247 admissions. These admissions were limited to six states, and the majority were from the state of Uttar Pradesh (50.7%) and Uttarakhand (46.7%). The highest cases were in the year 2018, and during April to July. As per the district-wise distribution, Udham Singh Nagar had the highest proportion of admissions (18.6%), followed by Bareilly (15%), Nainital (11.4%), and Rampur (10.9%). The mean (SD) and median (IQR) duration of stay were 22.7 days (SD–24.7) and 14 (IQR 7– 8) days, respectively. The median duration of stay was significantly higher for females (25.1 days) compared to males (21.6 days). Conclusion: TB sanatorium Bhowali (Uttarakhand) caters majority of the patients from the neighbouring state of Uttar Pradesh. The admissions were high during the spring and summer seasons. The median duration of hospital stay for patients admitted with TB was two weeks.

GROUPING THE PREVALENCE OF DISEASE CASES BY AGE IN BANDUNG CITY HOSPITALS USING K-MEANS

In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the top 10 types of diseases accounted for 55% of the 55.4 million deaths in the world. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, the province of West Java has the largest population, with the capital city of Bandung. Based on the health profile of the Bandung City Hospital, there were the ten highest diseases based on 18,147 cases. However, the data has not been processed into helpful information for the health department, especially the city of Bandung, to help determine disease cases by age group. So that the contribution of this study is to classify the prevalence of disease cases by age in Bandung City Hospital; this study aims to help the Bandung City Health Office take preventive, treatment and counselling actions against diseases that have a prevalence of disease cases based on age. This study uses the CRISP-DM methodology, with the K-Means clustering method and the testing method using the elbow method and the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI). Data processing using rapid miner software and python programming. This study concludes that the optimal cluster value is K=2. The value of cluster 0 consists of the type of disease with the lowest case, and cluster 1 consists of the kind of disease with the highest case. Cluster 1 is the elderly and adult age group, while the age group in cluster 0 is the infant age group, the toddler age group, and the child age group.

An intelligent method for pregnancy diagnosis in breeding sows according to ultrasonography algorithms.

Pig breeding management directly contributes to the profitability of pig farms, and pregnancy diagnosis is an important factor in breeding management. Therefore, the need to diagnose pregnancy in sows is emphasized, and various studies have been conducted in this area. We propose a computer-aided diagnosis system to assist livestock farmers to diagnose sow pregnancy through ultrasound. Methods for diagnosing pregnancy in sows through ultrasound include the Doppler method, which measures the heart rate and pulse status, and the echo method, which diagnoses by amplitude depth technique. We propose a method that uses deep learning algorithms on ultrasonography, which is part of the echo method. As deep learning-based classification algorithms, Inception-v4, Xception, and EfficientNetV2 were used and compared to find the optimal algorithm for pregnancy diagnosis in sows. Gaussian and speckle noises were added to the ultrasound images according to the characteristics of the ultrasonography, which is easily affected by noise from the surrounding environments. Both the original and noise added ultrasound images of sows were tested together to determine the suitability of the proposed method on farms. The pregnancy diagnosis performance on the original ultrasound images achieved 0.99 in accuracy in the highest case and on the ultrasound images with noises, the performance achieved 0.98 in accuracy. The diagnosis performance achieved 0.96 in accuracy even when the intensity of noise was strong, proving its robustness against noise.

Predictors Of Length Of Care For Covid-19 Patients Based On Patient Characteristics At The North Aceh Cut Mutia Hospital In 2020-2021

According to the data released by the Indonesian Ministry of Health on November 22, 2021, Indonesia has confirmed that COVID-19 cases have reached 4,253,598 cases and 143,744 deaths, occupying the first position in the highest cases among countries in ASEAN region. One of the areas confirmed by COVID-19 is Aceh. The purpose of this study was to find out predictors of the length of care for covid-19 patients based on the characteristics of COVID-19 patients at Cut Mutia Hospital, North Aceh. This type of research is cross-sectional with secondary data. The population was all patients treated for COVID-19, both recovered and died in the COVID-19 treatment room at Cut Mutia Hospital, North Aceh, in 2020-2021, totaling 467 people with a sampling technique using proportions with a total of 200 respondents. The data used were secondary data. The data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate approaches. The research found that there were no mean differences of length of stay between Covid-19 patients with low and higher education (p value= 0.39), with clinical symptoms and without clinical symptoms ( p value= 0.686), with comorbidities and without comorbidities (p value = 0.006), female and male ( p value= 0.038). The results obtained that the predicting variables of length of stay of the Covid-19 patients at Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh in 2020-2021, were gender (p value= 0.038, p&lt; 0.05) and comorbidities (p value= 0.006, p&lt; 0.05). It is suggested that Cut Mutia Hospital could conduct more intensive counseling and health promotion to achieve shorter length of care.

False Information about COVID-19 Vaccination in Turkey: Analysis of Twitter Posts

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world socially, culturally, economically, and politically. Struggling with the COVID-19 virus has become the focal point of the countries. As many studies are being conducted, and new treatment methods are being discussed, the vaccination process continues worldwide. According to the current statistics, 63% of the world population has been already fully vaccinated. During this period, along with the true information, many false information facts and materials proliferated which lead to the reluctance of individuals to be vaccinated. As a result of &#x0D; it, the virus exposes to mutation and more serious cases emerge worldwide. In this context, this study aims to analyze false information Tweets regarding vaccination in Turkey. As Turkey is one of the top countries with the highest cases and the medium-scaled (68%) level of vaccination worldwide, the study findings will help to understand the main motives of anti-vaccination by focusing on false facts. A two-step methodology was followed in the research. First, data collection was done through Twitter API and then, the analysis was conducted using the Orange Data Mining Program and content analysis. Propaganda is one of the interesting results as the most-shared false information type. On the other hand, while “the denial of the epidemic” was the most-focused theme, “stop insisting on PCR” and “pandemic is over” were the most-emphasized discourses in the Tweets.

Letter to the editor: response to 'Epidemiology and seasonal pattern in hospitalizations for microscopic colitis'.

We read with great interest the letter to the editor by Al-Taee et al. [1] on the seasonal pattern and epidemiology of hospitalizations for microscopic colitis (MC). Their study reviewed the 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and discussed all admissions for MC occurred between August and December, suggesting a seasonal pattern of MC. To further study this phenomenon, we analyzed NIS data from 2016 to 2019. Using ICD-10 codes, we identified all hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis code of MC (K52.83). We stratified hospitalizations into months and analyzed seasonal trends. We identified 5190 hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of MC between January 2016 to December 2019. As described by Al-Taee et al. [1], MC was more commonly seen in southern (31.21%) and midwestern regions (30.25%). Females accounted for more than 80% of hospitalizations. Most patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of MC were White (88.34%) and elderly (70.81%). The prevalence of MC with regard to sex and race was comparable to that of 2016. The mean length of stay in these patients was 4.87 (+/-1.2 days), whereas total hospitalization charges were $37 247 (±1065.61). In 2016, admissions for MC were noted only between August and December, as discussed by Al-Taee et al. [1] However, starting in 2017, we noted admissions every month from January to December. The results are provided in Fig. 1. We excluded patients in 2016 and evaluated the consecutive years for a seasonal effect. We noticed that most admissions occurred in July (n = 500; 9.6%), followed by October (n = 460; 8.86%) and April (n = 450; 8.6%). The lowest number of admissions occurred in November (n = 310; 5.97%). Admissions for MC each month are presented in Fig. 1. There were 1195 admissions (24.81%) in the spring, 1315 in the summer (27.33%), 1195 in the fall (24.81%), and 1110 (23.05%) in the winter. Although Al-Taee et al. [1] reported that most admissions occur from August to December, our study revealed a slight predominance in the summer. Another study by LaSala et al. [2] reported a seasonal pattern of lymphocytic colitis, with higher cases in summer and fall, compared with winter months.Fig. 1.: Monthly admissions for microscopic colitis between 2016 to 2019.The limitations of this study were the same as that of the retrospective cross-sectional study by Al-Taee et al. [1] as the data source is the same for these two studies. Given the variable results in the two studies, it is too early to conclude that there is a definite seasonal pattern for MC. However, larger epidemiological studies may provide further information. Acknowledgements None. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Nutritional Status and Severity of Pneumonia among Inpatient of Children Under Five Years

Background: The prevalence of pneumonia in developing countries continues to increase, especially in Indonesia. One of the factors that influence the severity of pneumonia is nutritional status. Malnutrition increases susceptibility to infection. Purposes: This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and pneumonia severity in children under five. Methods: This research was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The data were taken from the medical records of pneumonia patients under five years of age who were hospitalized at the Infectious Disease Hospital Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso for January 2018 to October 2019. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Results: Out of 68 patients who met the inclusion criteria, the highest age range was 0-11 months (50%), the most gender was female (55.9%), the group with the highest cases was the severe pneumonia group (73.5%), the most nutritional status was abnormal nutrition (55.9%). There are 86.8% of patients with abnormal nutritional status suffer from severe pneumonia. Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and pneumonia severity.

TBC Bacteria Detection in Microscopic Image With Watershed Countur Method

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that can be detected using a sputum sample. TB cases in Indonesia have spread throughout the region; the highest cases are in West Java. This problem makes the government do some handling and prevention of TB disease. The Bandung City Health Office (DKKB) conducted a cross-test to diagnose TB using a sputum sample. So in this study, a TB bacteria detection system, namely Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB), will be made in sputum samples and their number to diagnose TB. Detection and calculation of the number of MTB are done by processing the image on the sputum sample using the watershed contour detection method. In this study, sputum sample data were obtained from DKKB. The acquisition of microscopic images at each point of the field of view is carried out using an SLR camera connected directly to the microscope to replace the function of the ocular lens. In this study, the microscopic sputum sample images were classified into positive and negative using the watershed and colorspace methods and were tested on a total of 90 microscopic images. From the system testing results, the system accuracy level is 100%, and the system precision is 100% for the detection of TB diagnosis. The system processing time averaged 5.811 seconds for 90 images used.

EVALUASI PROGRAM PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR DBD DI PUSKESMAS MEDOKAN AYU KOTA SURABAYA TAHUN 2022

There were 111 cases of dengue fever in Surabaya in 2021 with the highest cases being at the Medokan Ayu Health Center with 13 cases. Based on data from the Medokan Ayu Health Center, there were 25 cases of dengue fever in 2021, and this increased to 28 cases from January to May 2022. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the dengue vector control program at the Medokan Ayu Health Center, Surabaya City in 2022.&#x0D; The design of this research is descriptive and was conducted in April-July 2022. The total sample used was 22 people who had suffered from DHF in the working area of ​​the Medokan Ayu Public Health Center.&#x0D; The results of the interviews that have been conducted obtained 13 people with sufficient criteria and 9 people with good standart, those can be seen the implementation of the DHF vector control program at the Medokan Ayu Health Center is efficient. Of the 9 vector control activity variables, the Medokan Ayu Health Center only carried out 7 DHF vector control activities.&#x0D; The conclusion from the research that has been conduct is that the implementation of the dengue vector control program at the Medokan Ayu Health Center has been efficient. However, several variables scored less than the respondents, including counseling activities, eradicating mosquito nests, and fogging. Suggestions for Medokan Ayu Health Center and society to help each other in implementing the dengue vector control program.

The Insight into the Sex Differences in the Patients Diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: The limited knowledge is present about the outcomes associated with the patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The insufficient data about the sex difference in the post-interventions outcomes and disparities in management is available. Objective: This study aim was to determine the sex-related differences in the patient diagnosed with ACS. This study also aimed to determine how these differences have perished in a time span of one year. Study design: It is a retrospective study with the statistical approaches. Material and Methods: The data of the 1000 patients that visited to AFIC Rawalpindi was collected. The duration of the study was 6 months, from August 2021 to January 2022. The patients were diagnosed with the non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome were selected. The ethical and review board committee of the hospital approved the study. The patients were further grouped to ACS I and ACS II. Results: Out of the 1000 patients taken, there were 650 patients that had acute coronary syndrome I while there were 350 patients that had acute coronary syndrome II. Among the 650 patients of ACSI there were 430 males and 220 were female patients. And among the 350 ACSII there were 230 males and 120 were female. The study indicate that the older women have the higher cases with reported history of heart failure and hypertension. The higher mortality cases were also observed in the females. The association between coronary angiography in-hospital use and female gender was very weak. The physicians underestimate the risk associated with the diagnosed patients that leads to less use of invasive strategies for treatment of the men and women. Conclusion: Due to underestimation of the risks associated with the ACS patients the conservative methods are used for the treatment of the women. The poor in-hospital outcome are associated with the female gender. It was found that women are less likely to undergo coronary artery angioplasty and other cardiac procedures as compared to the male patients. Awareness is needed for both male and female to eliminate this gender disparity. Keywords: Coronary angiography, acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, post-interventions outcomes and heart failure.