Higher Carbon Chain Research Articles

Novel ester derivative of cinnamates with different long alkoxy chain: synthesis, mesomorphic properties, biological evaluation

A novel series of liquid crystals involving cinnamate-based mesogenic units interlinked between aromatic ester and alkyl bromide were designed and synthesized. All target molecules were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. The mesomorphic behavior of novel synthesized materials (P1–P18), (V1–V18), and (M1–M18) was investigated through a polarizing optical microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis. The lower carbon chain substituted member showed nematic phase while compound possess higher carbon chain exhibited only SmC phase. Thermal stability is determined by TGA analysis. All the cinnamate derivatives were screened for their anti-microbial, anti-malarial, and anti-tuberculosis potency. Among them, most of the derivatives exhibited outstanding anti-bacterial and anti-tuberculosis activity. Some derivatives also exhibited potent anti-fungal activity.

Solvent treatment on cloud point for dewaxing in crude oil industries

Dewaxing condition of all type of crude oil controlled by the cloud point temperature; the temperature where dissolved solids are no longer completely soluble, precipitating as a second phase giving the fluid a gloomy appearance. Ultrasound techniques was applied in Indian crude oil to confirm an optimum blended chemical which changes the thermo dynamical equilibrium with a suitable operating environment capable to decrease the cloud point temperature to improve the quality of crude oil analysis. Experiments were conducted on three solvent to crude oil ratios (10: 1, 15: 1 and 20: 1) for temperature range of 10°C to 50°C, with ultrasonically determined blended chemicals for appearance of bright spots on a black background for better separation. The dewaxing process was compared with two different diluents in a common extractant in terms of the efficiency of extraction and microscopic observation for wax appearance in crude oil. The results of dewaxing compared in terms of the efficiency of extraction and microscopic image visualization on crude oil. The data recorded with diluents of low carbon chain was found more suitable as compared to immediate higher carbon chain and discussed in terms of different influencing factors like oil solvent ratio, effect of temperature, settling time and influence of ultrasonic wave.

Presence and Partitioning Behavior of Polyfluorinated Iodine Alkanes in Environmental Matrices around a Fluorochemical Manufacturing Plant: Another Possible Source for Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids?

The indistinct origins of some ubiquitous perfluorinated alkyl acids have attracted great attention in recent decades. In this present work, even-chained polyfluorinated iodides (PFIs), a group of volatile perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), including four perfluorinated iodine alkanes (FIAs) and three polyfluorinated telomer iodides (FTIs) were confirmed to be present in the environment. A wide concentration range was found for FIAs at 1.41 to 3.08x10(4) pg/L, and for FTIs at 1.39 to 1.32x10(3) pg/L in the ambient air collected around a fluorochemical manufacturing plant in Shandong province, northern China. Whereas for surface soils, most of these PFIs were below detection limits and only small amounts of analytes with higher carbon chain (such as perfluorododecyl iodide and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl iodide, 16.6-499 pg/g) could be sporadically detected. The presence of the PFIs in different environmental matrices in the investigated area and calculated vapor pressures (0.095-20.4 Torr) verify that they can be considered as volatile organic chemicals and easily be released into the atmosphere. Together with reported degradation ability and long-range transport potential, the identification of these PFIs indicates that unintentional release during the telomer reaction process might also be another route for the formation and distribution of certain polyfluorinated alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acid derivatives under oxidative conditions in the environment.