High Capacity Research Articles

3D Tunnel Copper Tetrathiovanadate Nanocube Cathode Achieving Ultrafast Magnesium Storage Reactions through a Charge Delocalization and Displacement Mechanism.

Rechargeable magnesium batteries are attractive candidates for large-scale energy storage applications because of the low cost and high safety, but the scarcity and inferior performance of the cathode materials are hindering the development. In the present study, a kind of copper tetrathiovanadate (Cu3VS4) cathode is designed and developed with a comprehensive consideration of the chemical and electronic structures. The vanadium and sulfur atoms form chemical bonds with high covalent proportion, facilitating electron delocalization via the vanadium-sulfur bonds. This reduces the interaction with the bivalent magnesium cation and induces the coredox of vanadium and sulfur. The crystal structure of Cu3VS4 has interlaced 3D tunnels for solid-state magnesium cation transport. The Cu3VS4 cathode shows a high capacity of 350 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1, an outstanding rate performance of 67 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1, and stable cycling for 1000 cycles at 5 A g-1 without obvious capacity fading. Prominently, a high areal mass load of 3.5 mg cm-2 could be achieved without obvious rate capability decay, which is quite favorable to pair with the high-capacity magnesium metal anode in practical application. The mechanism investigation and theoretical computation demonstrate that Cu3VS4 undergoes first a magnesium intercalation and then a displacement reaction, during which the crystal structure is maintained, assisting the reaction reversibility and cycling stability. All the copper, vanadium, and sulfur elements experience redox and contribute to the high capacity. Moreover, the weakened interaction with magnesium cations, well-kept 3D cation transport tunnels, and high electronic conductivity result in the superior rate performance and high areal active material loading. The present study develops a high-performance cathode for rechargeable magnesium batteries and reveal the design principle based on both of chemical and electronic structures.

Dual-Driven Ion/Electron Migration and Sodium Storage by In Situ Introduction of Copper Ions and a Carbon-Conductive Framework in a Tin-Based Sulfide Anode.

Tin sulfide (SnS) has emerged as a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and large interlayer spacing. However, several challenges, such as severe insufficient electrochemical reactivity, rapid capacity degradation, and poor rate performance, still hinder its application in SIBs. In this study, in situ introduction of copper ions and a carbon conductive framework to form SnS nanocrystals embedded in a Cu2SnS3 lamellar structure heterojunction composite (SnS/Cu2SnS3/RGO) with graphene as the supporting material is proposed to achieve dual-driven sodium ion/electron migration during the continuous electrochemical process. The designed structure facilitates the preferential electrochemical reduction of copper ions into copper nanocrystals during the discharge process and functions as a catalytically active center to promote multivalence tin sodiation reaction. Furthermore, during the charging process, the presence of copper nanocrystals also facilitates efficient desodiation of NaxSn and further activates to form higher valence state sulfides. As a result, the SnS/Cu2SnS3/RGO composite demonstrates high cycling stability with a high reversible capacity of 395 mAh g-1 at 5A g-1 after 500 cycles with a capacity retention of 85.6%. In addition, the assembled Na3V2(PO4)3∥SnS/Cu2SnS3/RGO sodium ion full cell achieves 93.7% capacity retention after 80 cycles at 0.5 A g-1.

Adsorption of Cr(VI) and phosphate anions by amino-functionalized palm oil fibers.

This work developed a novel sustainable adsorbent (PF-Aq) prepared by the amino-functionalization of palm oil fibers (PF). XPS, SEM/EDS, TGA/DSC, and FT-IR techniques proved the successful functionalization of the PF with the amino group. The PF-Aq adsorbent presents a high adsorption capacity for phosphate and Cr(VI) ions. Adsorption kinetics of the ions onto the PF-Aq followed the general-order models, with 240- and 300-min equilibrium times for phosphate and Cr(VI), respectively. The Freundlich equilibrium model can explain the adsorption of phosphate and Cr(VI) on the PF-Aq. Besides, the maximum adsorption capacities were 151.07mgg-1 for phosphate and 206.08mgg-1 for Cr(VI). The best pH for the adsorption of both ions on PF-Aq was 4.0. Interestingly, adsorption was exothermic for phosphate and endothermic for Cr(VI). The adsorption capacities were reduced by 16% for phosphate and 10% for Cr(VI) after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, demonstrating the good recyclability of the PF-Aq. It can be concluded that PF-Aq is a relevant adsorbent to uptake phosphate and Cr(VI) from water due to its high adsorption capacity, low cost, recyclability, availability, and fast kinetics. Finally, the excellent adsorption potential results from inserting amino groups in the PF, allowing electrostatic interactions between adsorbent and adsorbate.

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of High Specific Surface Carbon Aerogel/SnO2 Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries have consistently been a focal point of research in the field of energy. Traditional graphite anodes no longer meet the increasing demands for energy density. SnO2, with its high theoretical capacity, environmental friendliness, and safety, has emerged as a promising anode material for the next generation. However, issues such as volumetric expansion and agglomeration during charge–discharge cycles hinder its practical application. Addressing these challenges, this paper combines the high capacity of SnO2 with conductive and highly porous carbon aerogels, comparing the performance differences between composite anodes prepared by vacuum impregnation and hydrothermal methods. The results show the following: (1) high specific surface area carbon aerogels are beneficial for enhancing performance; (2) vacuum impregnation yields relatively higher initial capacity and better cycle stability; and (3) hydrothermal synthesis results in a higher loading of SnO2.

Damage to Special-Purpose Ring Wavy Springs under the Influence of Hydrogen Sulfide-Containing Media

Annular wavy springs are widely used in the oil and gas industry and most often serve either as compensators for temperature deformations or for mechanical seals of various joints in equipment transporting oil and gas media. These springs provide high load capacity with a relatively low draft, which ensures a compact design. Most often, such springs are made by stamping from sheet steel. When operating technological equipment that transport hydrogen sulfide-containing oil and gas media, hydrogen sulfide stress corrosion cracking occurs quite often, which can lead to failure of industrial equipment. In particular, damage to annular wavy springs can cause depressurization of elements of industrial equipment and cause significant harm not only to the environment, but also to maintenance personnel. The object of research was annular wavy springs made of steel type X15N7M2YU. The purpose of the study is to determine the resistance of the spring material to stress corrosion cracking. This article discusses the test results of special purpose annular wavy springs in an aggressive hydrogen sulfide-containing medium artificially prepared according to the recommendations of ANSI/NACE TM 0177. The results of hardness studies, strength calculations and metallographic studies of damage to a wavy spring are presented. The chemical composition of the metal of the spring fully corresponds to the steel type X15N7M2YU declared by the enterprise. According to the studies conducted in environments containing hydrogen sulfide, the wavy spring is not recommended for use in oil and gas equipment, since it is not resistant to hydrogen sulfide cracking under stress.

Expanded genome and proteome reallocation in a novel, robust Bacillus coagulans strain capable of utilizing pentose and hexose sugars.

Bacillus coagulans, a Gram-positive thermophilic bacterium, is recognized for its probiotic properties and recent development as a microbial cell factory. Despite its importance for biotechnological applications, the current understanding of B. coagulans' robustness is limited, especially for undomesticated strains. To fill this knowledge gap, we characterized the metabolic capability and performed functional genomics and systems analysis of a novel, robust strain, B. coagulans B-768. Genome sequencing revealed that B-768 has the largest B. coagulans genome known to date (3.94 Mbp), about 0.63 Mbp larger than the average genome of sequenced B. coagulans strains, with expanded carbohydrate metabolism and mobilome. Functional genomics identified a well-equipped genetic portfolio for utilizing a wide range of C5 (xylose, arabinose), C6 (glucose, mannose, galactose), and C12 (cellobiose) sugars present in biomass hydrolysates, which was validated experimentally. For growth on individual xylose and glucose, the dominant sugars in biomass hydrolysates, B-768 exhibited distinct phenotypes and proteome profiles. Faster growth and glucose uptake rates resulted in lactate overflow metabolism, which makes B. coagulans a lactate overproducer; however, slower growth and xylose uptake diminished overflow metabolism due to the high energy demand for sugar assimilation. Carbohydrate Transport and Metabolism (COG-G), Translation (COG-J), and Energy Conversion and Production (COG-C) made up 60%-65% of the measured proteomes but were allocated differently when growing on xylose and glucose. The trade-off in proteome reallocation, with high investment in COG-C over COG-G, explains the xylose growth phenotype with significant upregulation of xylose metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Strain B-768 tolerates and effectively utilizes inhibitory biomass hydrolysates containing mixed sugars and exhibits hierarchical sugar utilization with glucose as the preferential substrate.IMPORTANCEThe robustness of B. coagulans makes it a valuable microorganism for biotechnology applications; yet, this phenotype is not well understood at the cellular level. Through phenotypic characterization and systems analysis, this study elucidates the functional genomics and robustness of a novel, undomesticated strain, B. coagulans B-768, capable of utilizing inhibitory switchgrass biomass hydrolysates. The genome of B-768, enriched with carbohydrate metabolism genes, demonstrates high regulatory capacity. The coordination of proteome reallocation in Carbohydrate Transport and Metabolism (COG-G), Translation (COG-J), and Energy Conversion and Production (COG-C) is critical for effective cell growth, sugar utilization, and lactate production via overflow metabolism. Overall, B-768 is a novel, robust, and promising B. coagulans strain that can be harnessed as a microbial biomanufacturing platform to produce chemicals and fuels from biomass hydrolysates.

Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Binary ZnO:Al Nanocomposites as Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries

In conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), carbon compounds are commonly utilised as the anode owing to their great performance, low cost, and abundance. However, due to the limited storage capability of pure carbon materials that restrict further improvement of LIBs, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been one of the promising anode materials to be used as an alternative to strengthen the electrochemical performance of LIBs due to its high theoretical capacity of 987 mAh g-1. This study aims to synthesise ZnO:Al nanowires using the hot-tube thermal evaporation method. Three types of samples are made using this method by varying the concentration of 0 wt% (S1), 3wt% (S2), and 6 wt% (S3) of aluminium (Al) during the Al deposition process. The EDX findings indicated that the sample has a high proportion of zinc (Zn) and oxygen (O), with the S3 sample having the highest Al concentration after being deposited. The most substantial diffraction peak for XRD of all samples was found at (101), exhibiting a single crystalline hexagonal structure with optimum growth direction on the c-axis. For EIS analysis, the S3 sample has the lowest bulk resistance and maximum ionic conductivity. In conclusion, the ZnO sample with 3 wt% of Al as a dopant was selected as the optimum result to synthesise a homogenous surface of ZnO:Al with good crystallinity by using a hot-tube thermal evaporation process and giving the best conductivity in electrochemical performance.

Binder‐free 3D printed polyurethane/Bi‐MOFs composites for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine‐ B

The modularization of metal‐organic‐frameworks (MOFs) powders is a crucial to bringing out the excellent properties of MOFs to industrial applications in water treatment, gas adsorption/separation and catalytic fields. To improve their practical application and recyclability, we propose a hybrid composite of biocompatible MOFs decorated on self‐supported three‐dimensional (3D) printed polyurethane acrylate (PUA) for wastewater treatment. In this study, we select Bi‐based MOFs with good visible‐light response and chemical stability as photocatalysts, two MOFs, bismuth gallate (Bi‐GA) and bismuth ellagic acid (Bi‐EA), are loaded into the mesh‐like PUA template by in‐situ growth method. And then, these two composites, PUA/Bi‐GA and PUA/Bi‐EA are used for the photocatalytic treatment of Rhodamine‐B (RhB) dye. The results demonstrate that PUA/Bi‐EA could reach the highest removal rate of 98.08% under acidic conditions in 4 hours. The excellent performance should be attributed to unique structure that endow their high adsorption capacity for dyes, further, the adsorbed dye as a sensitizer enhances the utilization of sun‐light. This study provides a new composite for advanced photocatalytic water treatment and other environmental purification.

Bimetallic NiCo@C with a Hollow Sea Urchin Structure Enables Li-S Batteries to Hasten the Reaction Kinetics and Effectively Inhibit the Shuttling of Polysulfides.

The "shuttle effect" and several issues related to it are seen as "obstacles" to the study and development of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). This work aims at finding how to fully expose bimetallic sites and quicken the battery reaction kinetics. Here, a bimetallic NiCo-MOF and its derivative NiCo@C with a hollow sea urchin structure are produced. The obtained NiCo@C possesses a micromesoporous structure and fully disclosed bimetallic active sites because of its distinctive structure. The experimental findings demonstrate that fully exposed bimetallic active sites take on chemical adsorbents and collaborate with micromesopores as physical constraints to effectively suppress the "shuttle effect". Furthermore, the hollow sea urchin structure of NiCo@C enables a highly conductive grid, which provides channels to facilitate the movement of solvated Li+. Thanks to these advantages, the NiCo@C-based sulfur cathode offers a high initial discharge specific capacity of 924.41 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and sustains 390.35 mAh g-1 discharge specific capacity after 100 cycles. The quick transfer of solvated lithium ions (DLi+ = 1.81 × 10-8 cm2 s-1) enables the battery to still contribute a discharge specific capacity of 367.54 mAh g-1 at 1 C. This work provides a new understanding for the structural design of positive electrodes in LSBs.

Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant, Enzyme-Inhibitory, and Cytotoxic Potential of Endemic Cynoglottis chetikiana subsp. chetikiana

Background Cynoglottis chetikiana subsp. chetikiana, an endemic Boraginaceae plant growing in Turkey, has not been previously studied in terms of pharmacognosy. However, related species, such as Anchusa, Symphytum, and Rindera, have been known for their pharmacological effects attributed to compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and other phenol derivatives. Purpose This study aimed to reveal the phytochemical composition and potential biological activity of C. chetikiana. Methods Phytochemical profiling analysis was performed by using the liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) system. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were evaluated on the MCF-7 mammalian breast cancer cell line by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. The in vitro α-glucosidase and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities were assessed using literature methods. Additionally, antioxidant properties were investigated, leading to the bioactivity-guided isolation of the most active substance. Results LC–HRMS analysis revealed 27 major phenolic compounds and 2 pyrrolizidine alkaloids in C. chetikiana. Bioactivity-guided studies led to the isolation of a flavonoid, rutin. The n-butanol extract of the plant exhibited high antioxidant capacity and was rich in phenolic compounds. The methanol extract of C. chetikiana demonstrated low-moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 608.62 ± 7.01 µg/mL). Moreover, the methanol extract showed significant anti-tyrosinase enzyme activity (195.84 ± 5.81 mg Kojic acid equivalent/g extract), and the petroleum ether extract displayed the highest cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 76.91 ± 3.12 µg/mL). Conclusion This is the first phytomedicinal study report for C. chetikiana, which gives promising insight for further pharmaceutical research.

Bi-Functional Interfacial Modification enables Highly-Exposed Zn(002) Crystal Facet towards Durable Zn Metal Batteries.

Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered growing interest in large-scale energy storage devices for the high safety, high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. Nevertheless, their widespread applications are significantly impeded by dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution and corrosion reactions of Zn anodes. Herein, a bi-functional polyacrylic acid (PAA) modified-Zn anode (Zn-PAA) is designed to concurrently inhibit Zn dendrite formation and alleviate side reactions. The bi-functional PAA coating not only selectively acid-etches the active Zn crystal facets to guide the planar deposition along the highly-exposed Zn(002) crystal facet, but also facilitate uniform Zn deposition through coordination between the polymer functional groups and Zn2+. Meanwhile, the electrically-insulated PAA protective layer effectively separates Zn anodes from the electrolyte and modulates the solvation structure of Zn2+.6H2O, significantly suppressing side reactions. Consequently, the assembled Zn-PAA//Zn-PAA symmetrical cell delivers an outstanding cycling stability of 1600 h at 1 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2. The assembled KVO//Zn-PAA full cell shows exceptional cycling stability over 1500 cycles at 2.0 A g-1 with a high Coulombic efficiency approaching 100%. The facile bi-functional surface modification strategy, which enables to finely tune the crystal facet texture and ion distribution manner, opens up a groundbreaking path towards safe and durable ZIBs.

NaOH-Assisted Multicomponent Reaction and Polymerizations of Elemental Sulfur, Diisocyanides, and Diols to Access Functional Poly(O-thiocarbamate)s.

Sulfur-containing polymers with unique structures and fascinating properties have attracted much attention recently, the efficient and economic synthetic approaches for various sulfur-containing polymers have rapidly developed. Herein, the multicomponent reaction of elemental sulfur, isocyanide, and alcohol was designed at mild condition with the assistance of NaOH, and the corresponding NaOH-assisted multicomponent polymerization of elemental sulfur, diisocyanides, and diols were developed at room temperature or 40 oC in air, to produce poly(O-thiocarbamate)s with well-defined structures, high molecular weights (Mws up to 32 500 g/mol) and high yields (up to 99%). The facilely available monomers, mild condition, and high efficiency of this MCP enabled scale-up synthesis of poly(O-thiocarbamate)s, and 7.34 g polymer was obtained in 98% yield. These functional poly(O-thiocarbamate)s could enrich Au3+ from aqueous solution with high enrichment capacity (983 mg·Au3+/g) and high efficiency (>99.99%) in 1 min, demonstrating superior gold enrichment performance and their potential industrial and economic values.

Lithiophilic Protective Dual Layer Enabling Stable Electrodeposition of Lithium at High Current Density

Abstract Lithium (Li) is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries and thus manufacturing Li metal is crucial for the practical development of Li metal batteries. Electrodeposition is an efficient technique for producing ultrathin and scalable Li metal electrodes. However, the dendritic growth and the side reactions of Li with electrolyte during the electrodeposition are the main obstacles to overcome. In this study, we designed a pre-coated protective dual layer (PDL) composed of a poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) and a polydopamine-coated cellulose membrane (PD-CM). The adhesive and ion-conductive SPE layer suppressed the growth of Li dendrites and side reactions with liquid electrolyte. The PD-CM layer with high porosity and lithiophilicity promoted a facile and uniform Li-ion flux. By applying the pre-coated PDL, Li was uniformly electrodeposited on the Ag-coated Cu at a high current density of 6 mA cm−2. The Li/LiFePO4 cell composed of an electrodeposited Li anode with PDL and a LiFePO4 cathode was assembled without an additional separator, and its cycling performance was evaluated. The cell initially delivered a high discharge capacity of 154.8 mAh g-1 at 45 ℃ and exhibited excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 97.0% after 200 cycles.

N-doped Porous Carbon Derived from the Pyrolysis of a Polydopamine-coated Hypercross-linked Polymer for Enhanced CO2 Adsorption.

Porous carbon materials can simultaneously capture and convert carbon dioxide, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and using carbon dioxide as a feedstock for the production of valuable chemicals or fuel. In this work, a series of N-doped porous carbons (PDA@HCP(x:y)-T) was prepared; the CO2 adsorption capacity of the prepared PDA@HCP(x:y)-T was enhanced by coating polydopamine (PDA) on a hypercross-linked polymer (HCP) and then adjusting the mass ratio of PDA to HCP and the carbonization temperature. The results showed that the prepared PDA@HCP(1:1)-850 exhibited a high CO2 adsorption capacity due to abundant micropores (0.6762 cm3/g), a high specific surface area (1220.8 m²/g), and moderate surface nitrogen content (2.75%). Notably, PDA@HCP(1:1)-850 exhibited the highest CO2 uptake of 6.46 mmol/g at 0 °C and 101 kPa. Critically, these N-doped porous carbons can also be used as catalysts for the reaction of CO2 with epichlorohydrin to form chloropropylene carbonate, with chloropropylene carbonate yielding up to 64% and selectivity of the reaction reaching 94%. As a result, these N-doped porous carbons could serve as potential candidates for CO2 capture and conversion due to their high reactivity, excellent CO2 uptake, and good catalytic performance.

Ultra-Stable Aqueous Zinc Anodes: Enabling High-Performance Zinc-Ion Batteries via a ZnSiF6-Derived Protective Interphase.

Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) hold immense promise as next-generation energy storage solutions, however, the practical application of zinc anodes is hindered by dendrite formation and parasitic side reactions. Engineering a stable solid- eletrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial for addressing these issues. This study proposes a novel strategy to enhance Zn anode performance by incorporating a ZnSiF6 additive into a standard ZnSO4 (ZSO) electrolyte. The ZnSiF6 additive facilitates the formation of a stable, fluorine-rich SEI on the Zn anode surface. Characterization reveals a hierarchical SEI structure, primarily composed of porous alkali zinc sulfate (ZHS) with embedded ZnF2. This unique architecture promotes rapid zinc ion desolvation and efficient transport, enhances corrosion resistance, and mitigates hydrogen evolution. Consequently, ZnSiF6-modified cells exhibit exceptional cycling stability, exceeding 3000 hours at 0.5 mA cm-2 and 560 hours at 10 mA cm-2, significantly outperforming ZSO-based cells. The modified cells also achieve high areal capacities (10 mAh cm-2), indicating superior zinc utilization. This work provides key insights for designing stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces, contributing to the development of high-performance aqueous ZIBs.

Precise Electrocatalysis on Fe-Porphyrin Conjugated Networks Achieves Energy-Efficient Extraction of Uranium.

Electrochemical extraction has the potential to enhance uranium (U) extraction capacity and rates, but thus far, high selectivity and energy efficiency have not been achieved through the design of electrode materials. Herein, a precise electrocatalysis strategy is developed using a Ferrum (Fe)porphyrin-phenanthroline conjugated network (Fe@PDACN) for energy-efficient uranium extraction. The phenanthroline provides specific binding sites for selective enrichment of U(VI) at active sites (Kd = 2.79×105mL g-1 in multi-ion solution). The Fe(II) sites have strong trap-redox activity for U(VI) and act as dynamic electron donors to rapidly mediate electrocatalytic U(VI) extraction through the redox reaction of Fe(0/II)/Fe(III). Moreover, the Fe-porphyrin blocks support sustained electron donation for U(VI) electrocatalysis by pre-storing electrons. These features enable selective uranium capture and a high electroextraction capacity of 24646.3mg g-1 from simulated nuclear wastewater in 280h at a low voltage of -1.5V. An ultra-high Faraday efficiency of 90.1% is achieved, and the energy cost is 3.22×10-2 $ kg-1 U, significantly lower than the previously reported materials. This work provides a highly efficient strategy for uranium extraction from water.

Study of the properties and joint operation of resonant sound absorbers depending on their geometry and relative position

The research presented in the work focuses on a damper that utilizes an "intelligent" material called multilayer magnetorheological elastomer. These devices are of interest due to their ability to adjust the elastic properties, size, and shape of the working body by manipulating the external magnetic field. They also have a high load capacity. The effectiveness of the damper's vibration isolation is determined by its design, manufacturing technology, and the composition of the multilayer magnetorheological elastomer. The mechanical and magnetic hysteresis of the device allows for evaluating the controllability of the damper and its ability to absorb vibrations. Research results indicate the presence of a symmetric and narrow hysteresis loop, not exceeding 7 μm, within the operating range of control currents.

Fabrication of yeast engineered porous 13X adsorbent layers for CO2 capture

This study investigates a novel environmentally friendly coating technique using yeast fermentation to obtain super porous Zeolite 13X adsorbent layers through freeze-drying technique for CO2 capture applications. Several mass ratios of sugar to yeast were used to control the porosity and pore sizes in the adsorbent layer. A unique peeling process was integrated to obtain foamy, hollow structures to have deeper layer accessibility of adsorbent for adsorption applications. These coated adsorbent layers were experimentally characterized as a function of the mass ratio of sugar to yeast and adsorbent solid fraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are used to analyze the coated layers. The void fraction for coated samples is found to vary between 0.48 and 0.56, making the samples applicable for adsorption applications. Adsorption performance experiments are performed to test the coated samples' performance compared to 13X powder. Due to their simplistic fabrication, cost-effectiveness, rapid pore formation, and high adsorption capacity, these porous 13X layers hold potential for large-scale fabrication and CO2 capture applications.

Fluoride Ion Storage and Conduction Mechanism in Fluoride Ion Battery Positive Electrode, Ruddlesden-Popper-Type Layered Perovskite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 Crystal.

Structural characteristics on fluoride ion storage and conduction mechanism in La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7, and its fluoridated materials, La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7F and La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7F2, for an all-solid-state fluoride ion battery positive electrode with a high volumetric capacity surpassing those of lithium-ion ones have been revealed using the Rietveld method and maximum entropy method. In La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7, once the F- ions are taken into the NaCl slabs in its crystal through the charging process, it forms two stable fluoride compounds, La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7F and La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7F2, with the help of the Mn oxidation reaction. In these oxyfluorides, thermal vibrations of the F- ions inserted are much larger, especially in the a-b plane, than along the c axis. When surplus energy, such as an electric field for charging, is applied to these crystals at near room temperature or higher, the anions immediately begin to jump to their neighboring lattice sites, resulting in sufficiently rapid and large ionic conduction. The MEM analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have revealed that the F- ions enable to easily travel along the ⟨110⟩ directions in the NaCl slabs of these crystals. These structural features thus make La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 and its fluorides possess both of two features incompatible with each other, ion storage and conduction, indispensable for rechargeable batteries.

High-Efficiency Silane Utilization in Amine-Modified Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture through Interconnected Three-Dimensional Pores.

Economic synthesis of amine-modified solid adsorbents is pivotal for the global-scale direct air capture (DAC) technologies required to realize net-zero emissions. To address the problems of the traditional reflux method using excessively costly amino silane, we propose introducing silane by impregnation into mesoporous silica with interconnected three-dimensional pores. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopies, magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis identified the spatial distribution of amino silane in the materials with different loading levels. The results of structure characterization and a comparison with a reference experiment (using a porous support with one-dimensional pores and/or the conventional reflux method) revealed that the proposed strategy provided a uniform amine distribution, together with a high utilization efficiency of the amino silane. We also demonstrate that the obtained material has a high adsorption capacity and good recycling stability comparable to those of the previously reported amino silane modified adsorbents under simulated DAC conditions.