Higher California Bearing Ratio Research Articles

Geotechnical appraisal of failed sections of some highway pavements in parts of Northcentral Nigeria

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the likely causes of failure of some sections of road pavements in Ajaokuta, Northcentral Nigeria. This was achieved through a geotechnical assessment of subgrade soils in affected areas. Design/methodology/approach The methods entailed field and laboratory methods and statistical analysis. Subgrade soil samples were retrieved from a depth of 1,000 mm beneath the failed portions using a hang auger. The soils were analyzed for natural moisture content (NMC), Atterberg limit (liquid limit, plastic limit and linear shrinkage), grain size distribution, compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR), respectively. Findings The results of the geotechnical tests ranged from NMC (12.5%–19.4%), sand (84%–98%), fines (2%–16%), LL (16.0%–32.2%), PL (17%–27.5%), LS (2.7%–6.4%), PI (2.5%–18.4%), maximum dry density (1756 kg/m2–1961 kg/m2), optimum moisture content (13.2%–20.2%), unsoaked CBR (15.5%–30.5%) and soaked CBR (8%–22%), respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient performed on the variables showed that some parameters exhibited a strong positive correlation with r2 > 0.5. Research limitations/implications Funding was the main limitation. Originality/value Comparing the results with Nigerian standards for road construction, and the AASHTO classification scheme, the subgrade soils are competent and possess excellent to good properties. The soils also exhibited very low plasticity, a high percentage of sand, high CBR and low NMC, which implies that it has the strength required for road pavement subgrades. The likely causes of the failures are, therefore, due to the use of poor construction materials, technical incompetence and poor compaction of sub-base materials, respectively.

Performance evaluation of lime–cement–copper slag–rice husk ash composite as a pavement construction material

ABSTRACT This work focuses on the development of new composite materials using industrial wastes such as copper slag (CS) and rice husk ash (RHA), treated with lime (L), and cement (C). For the mixing, the content of CS, RHA, L and C are varied in a range from 51%-100%, 20%-100%, 4%-14% and 4%-10%, respectively. To study the performance of the composite materials, various tests, such as the California bearing ratio (CBR), permeability, and durability tests, were carried out. To study the microstructure characteristics of the developed composite materials, FE-SEM analysis tests were performed. The results indicated that the CBR value decreases with the increase in the binder contents (L and/or C) and RHA contents for both unsoaked and soaked conditions for all the mixes (M3–M14). Out of all the mixes (M3–M14), the highest CBR is obtained for the mix M11, having both L and C. For the unsoaked condition, this value is 21.13% and for the soaked condition, this value is 38.66%, 57.99%, and 65.90% for curing periods of 4, 7, and 28 days, respectively. The CoP of composite materials decreased with an increase in the contents of binding materials (L and/or C) and RHA with the period of curing (7, 14, and 28 days) for all 12 mixes (M3–M14). Out of all the 12 mixes (M3–M14), the highest value of CoP is obtained for mix M3 and the lowest values of CoP are obtained for mix M14, which are 3.22 × 10−4 and 6.58 × 10−5 cm/s, respectively, at 28 days of curing period. According to IRC standards, the results of the durability tests are adequate.

Investigation of bottom ash as a partial replacement to conventional subbase soils

This study evaluates the potential use of bottom ash (BA) in the subbase layer of pavements. Lateritic soil, a conventional subbase soil, was mixed with 0–60% of BA, and their properties were studied. The lateritic soil was sieved into grade B and grade D soils. Each grade of soil is mixed with BA at varying content and their bearing capacity and permeability properties were tested. The California bearing ratio (CBR) samples were compacted at optimum water content (OWC) and OWC + 2%. At OWC, both grades of soil showed a high CBR when 30–60% BA was mixed. However, when the samples were compacted at OWC + 2%, CBR values reduced drastically and only a few mixtures passed the minimum CBR requirement for subbases by the Department of Highway, Thailand. To explain the mechanism behind the CBR trends, the gradation of the mixtures before and after CBR was checked and interaction compaction effects were observed. This phenomenon was further proved by the results of permeability.

Impact of sodium silicate with normal pH on mechanical strength of rice husk blend geopolymer and its performance at various percentages

The stabilization capability of kaolin clay powder (KCP), Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and rice husk ash (RHA) was scrutinized using laboratory scrutiny. This was meant at assessing the effect of KCP, OPC and RHA on the stabilization of three lateritic soils for use as sub-base pavement layer materials. Three soils (Soil A, B and C) were improved with various percentages (via weight of dry soil) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% for all stabilizing agents and compacted via BSL (British Standard light) energy. Their impacts were assessed on the strength physiognomies such as UCS (unconfined compressive strength), OMC (optimum moisture content), and California bearing ratio (CBR), and MDD (maximum dry density tests based on ASTM (American Standard Testing Materials) codes. The result reveals that MDD improved with increase in the quantities of all the additive (SSA, KCP and geopolymer) content, while OMC for KCP reduces from 18.65% at 0% to 14.02%. Both SSA and geopolymer increase from 18.65% at 0% to 18.86% and 22.20% at 10%.Similarly, it displays highest CBR of the soil from 10.88% at 0% to 12.84%, 112.95% and 144.45% for (SSA, KCP and geopolymer, this specify that lateritic soil treated with 2% stabilizer yielded CBR values of more than 405%.

Assessment of construction and demolition wastes (CDWs) as raw materials for the manufacture of low-strength concrete and bases and sub-bases of roads

A chemical (XRF) and mineralogical (XRD) characterisation has been carried out, as well as the determination of the main properties, of construction and demolition wastes (CDWs). This waste has been applied as recycled aggregate. The objective was to search for its reuse for the manufacture of concrete and road bases and sub-bases. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of SiO2 (39.13 wt%) and Al2O3 (9.55 wt%) from quartz and some silicates, and gypsum. The content of CaO (21.42 wt%) was associated with calcite and dolomite. The materials’ properties have suggested that the particle sizes are not inside the typical interval fixed in the Spanish normative. It can be reused as esplanades or sub-bases of roads and highways, since it is a granular material with a very high California Bearing Ratio (CBR value is 36). It was concluded that the use of CDWs as a substitute of sand for the manufacture of concrete can only be used in percentages lower than 10 wt% producing low-strength concrete.

Effect of triaxial and CBR Scrutiny on mechanical strength and microstructure of kaolin clay powder mixed SSA geopolymer and its performance at various percentages

The stabilization capability of kaolin clay powder (KCP), Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and rice husk ash (RHA) was scrutinized using laboratory scrutiny. This was meant at assessing the effect of KCP, OPC and RHA on the stabilization of three lateritic soils for use as sub-base pavement layer materials. Three soils (Soil A, B and C) were improved with various percentages (via weight of dry soil) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% for all stabilizing agents and compacted via BSL (British Standard light) energy. Their impacts were assessed on the strength physiognomies such as UCS (unconfined compressive strength), OMC (optimum moisture content), and California bearing ratio (CBR), and MDD (maximum dry density tests based on ASTM (American Standard Testing Materials) codes. The result reveals that MDD improved with increase in the quantities of all the additive (SSA, KCP and geopolymer) content, while OMC for KCP reduces from 18.65% at 0% to 14.02%. Both SSA and geopolymer increase from 18.65% at 0% to 18.86% and 22.20% at 10%. Similarly it displays highest CBR of the soil from 10.88% at 0% to 12.84%, 112.95% and 144.45% for (SSA, KCP and geopolymer, this specify that lateritic soil treated with 2% stabilizer yielded CBR values of more than 405%.

Performance Characteristics of Road-base Containing Mixed Steel Slag and Cathode Ray Tube Glass

One way to promote sustainability in construction is through the preservation of natural resources and utilization of recycled wastes. This paper describes a laboratory study on the use of steel slag and cathode ray tube (CRT) glass for road base pavement layer. Measurements of the physical and mechanical characteristics of each sample are taken to evaluate the effectiveness of using these materials in road base pavements. The laboratory evaluation comprised of Los Angeles abrasion value (LAAV) test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test and performance characterization; the unconfined compression strength (UCS) and indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests were also performed. The values for LAAV are satisfactory, indicating that the steel slag and granite mixtures have adequate resistance and abrasion for use as road base pavement aggregates. The higher percentages of steel slag in the mixture produced higher CBR values for both the soaked and unsoaked mixtures. Test results also show that the mixtures containing up to 70% steel slag and 15% CRT glass meet the standards requirements. Results of the UCS and ITS tests for performance characterization showed that the performance of the sample mixture was enhanced significantly upon incorporating a higher percentage of steel slag in the mixture. The lab test results showed that the mixture composing of granite, steel slag and CRT glass is a suitable alternative made from recyclable materials, for use in road base pavement layer.

COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS AND CBR OF SLUDGE BLENDED WITH RECYCLED CLAY BRICKS FOR ROAD SUBGRADE APPLICATION

Reuse and recycling of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste and industrial byproducts in the construction industry is vital to promote environmentally sound waste management. In particular, the effective utilization of sludge and waste clay bricks is greatly required in developing countries. This paper studied compaction characteristics and the California bearing ratio (CBR) of water treatment sludge (WTS) blended with clay brick aggregates for the road subgrade application. Raw and waste clay bricks from Vietnam were used for preparing clay brick (CB) and recycled clay brick (RCB) aggregates of three different particle sizes, Coarse 10–30 mm, Graded 2–30 mm, and Fine 2–10 mm. In addition, fine residues of clay bricks with a size of 100%). Due to its limited particle breakage and high CBR, the WTS blended with graded CB/RCB aggregates was preferable for the road subgrade application.

Utilize Xanthan gum for enhancing CBR value of used cooking oil-contaminated fine sand subgrade soil for pavement structures

Used Cooking Oil (UCO) that mixes with soils can weaken its engineering properties. This paper investigates stabilizing UCO-contaminated fine sand natural soil to be used as subgrade layer in road pavement structures. Xanthan gum is utilized as the stabilizing material. Stabilization is evaluated in terms of the soil’s California Bearing Ratio (CBR). It is found that the increase in Xanthan gum content (Xc) enhances the CBR value of UCO-contaminated fine sand soils. Generally, results indicated that at any Xc value between 0.1 and 0.9%, UCO-contaminated fine sand soil samples with lower CC values have higher CBR. The effective content of Xanthan gum powder to enhance the soil’s CBR value is found to be 0.4%. Considering Xcof 0.4% and UCO contamination content (CC) of 0.2%, it is indicated that the soil’s CBR value increases by 304% and 149.4% of the CBR value of natural sand soil and UCO-contaminated sand soil in order. In addition, Xc of 0.9% updates the unconfined compressive strength to 10.1 kPa and 7.6 kPa for soil samples with CC = 2% and 8%, respectively. Durability study shows that wet and dry cycles decrease the CBR of fine sand stabilized soil. The trend of CBR reduction in wet cycles is higher than that of dry cycles. Economically, stabilizing UCO-contaminated fine sand soil reduces the required pavement thickness by about 11.3%. On the other hand, the paper introduces a contour map and general mathematical model to estimate the CBR value of in terms of Xc and CC.

Geoengineering Assessment of Subgrade Highway Structural Material along Ijebu Owo – Ipele Pavement, Southwestern Nigeria

Geochemical, geotechnical, and geophysical investigations were carried out along Migmatite gneiss underlain Iyere – Ipele pavement (under construction) in order to assess the suitability of the imported subgrade soil. Also static water level (SWL) was obtained from five open wells along the highway. The geotechnical tests include specific gravity, grain size analysis, consistency limits, consolidation, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and shear strength; while geochemical tests were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results show that SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 constitute an average of 46.2%, 23.30% and 26.54% respectively of the soils chemical composition. The silica- sesquioxide ratio of the samples ranges from 0.89 to 0.96 and classified as true laterite. The topsoil along the highway is made of moderately competent/competent soil with resistivity ranging from 298 – 924 ohm-m and thickness of 3.1 - 8.2 m. The SWL varies from 3.3 - 5.5 m with an average of 4.3 m (moderately low). The soils are characterized by high California Bearing Ratio values, moderate shear strength (150 – 200kpa), and unconfined compressive strength (300 – 420kpa) with predominant kaolinite clay mineralogy group. The AASHTO and USCS classification system rate the soils as good and fair/good respectively.

SOIL STABILIZATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF MARINE CLAYS USING CEMENT AND LIME IN A MARSHLAND

This study assesses the stabilization of marine clay soil using cement and lime to improve on the subgrade material. The tests conducted include: the natural moisture content, specific gravity, sieve analysis, Atterberg limit, compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The types of stabilization used were mechanical and chemical. The results obtained were classified using AASHTO classification system and based on the results the soil corresponds to group A-6 soils. The highest CBR values of 33.24% and 424.35% were obtained at 20% cement content for unsoaked and soaked and for lime the highest CBR values were 5.07 and 10.46 for 11% lime content for both unsoaked and unsoaked. Based on the results obtained, the addition of cement and lime to clay soil in the presence of water improved the CBR values for soft clay stabilization for highway construction with low traffic volume. It is therefore concluded that the addition of cement and lime to clay soil improved the bearing capacity and the maximum dry density of the clay soil. Further research should be carried out to examine the effects of industrial by-products on effective clay soil stabilization.

Pemanfaatan Geopolimer Abu Terbang Sebagai Pozzolanic Tanah Lempung Untuk Material Tanah Dasar Perkerasan

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is one of a method for determining soil bearing capacity. Extraction of industrial disposal to be used as material for road pavement construction is still lacking. This research aims to determine changing CBR values due to the fly ash addition in clay under conditions with or without curing and soaked. Samples curing for 28 days were done in two conditions firstly, curing in mold and wrapped with plastic. Secondly, wrapped with plastic off mold. Looking at the CBR test results, plasticity index, density and specific gravity (Gs) is decreased. The addition of fly ash rises the value of the optimum water content (OMC). CBR value increased due to the addition of fly ash, a significantly increase occurred in the fly ash addition by 15%. Curing method uses different CBR values, where curing using mold has a high CBR value. In soaked CBR test, the CBR value varies due to the characteristics of the fly ash and clay which absorbed water. Water absorption varies depend on the percentage of the mixture of fly ash content and clay. The width variance of moisture content with OMC, because water absorption, affect to value of CBR. Samples with moisture content is more close to OMC the CBR value is more bigger

Bearing Capacity Improvement of Expansive Soil: Stabilization with Cement and Iron Oxide Additive

This research is intended to increase the bearing capacity and durability of expansive clay subgrade with Portsoil Composite Cement (PCC) and Iron Oxide additives. Using two variants of the stabilization material composition; composition-1 is soil with 5% of PCC, and composition-2 is soil with 5% PCC + 0. 04% Iron Oxide). Tests include swelling potential, durability, and CBR (California Bearing Ratio). The test results showed that the performance of stabilization using composition-2 was able to reduce swelling potential on day 3 by 94. 44% (14. 44% greater than using composition-1), reducing the potential for volume increment by 94. 15% (greater 15. 02% compared to using composition-1) and weight to 93. 31% (15. 32% greater than using first). The highest CBR value in the 3 wet-dry cycle periods was nature soil 2. 32%, using composition-1 reached 25. 26%, while using composition-2 reached 36. 93% (11. 67% greater than CBR value using composition-1). That the addition of 0. 04% Iron Oxide to PCC-soil stabilization can significantly improve cement performance for expansive clay stabilization as a road subgrade.

Geotechnical properties of steel slag aggregates: Shear strength and stiffness

Steel slag is an industrial by-product formed in the furnace during the steelmaking process. Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) are the primary by-products of steelmaking from steel scraps. This research evaluates the physical, geotechnical and engineering properties of LFS, EAFS and a blend comprising 50% LFS and 50% EAFS (LFS50 + EAFS50) through laboratory testing. The specialized laboratory tests undertaken in this study include California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, direct shear tests (DSTs), consolidated drained (CD) triaxial tests and repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests. The shear strength responses of the steel slag were found to vary with the dilatancy-induced peak strength of the LFS and the LFS50 + EAFS50 mixture and the dilatancy-associated strain-hardening behavior of the EAFS. Based on the high shear strength parameters and the adequate stiffness that were attained, the steel slag was found to have the potential for usage as a geo-material. LFS and LFS50 + EAFS50 were well-graded and had high CBR values, which would deem them suitable for roadwork applications. EAFS, however, was found to be poorly graded and to have relatively lower CBR values, which would deem it suitable for less stringent applications such as engineering fill and pipe bedding. The viability of using these by-products as geo-materials in civil infrastructures can transform these current waste by-products, particularly LFS, from being stockpiled at steel company plants to being used as alternative green material.

Improvement the california bearing ratio of expansive subgrade using SiCC column

In Indonesia, many main roads have been constructed on problematic soil. The chemical improvement is widely used to shallow soil modification and stabilization. This paper introduces the use of a SiCC column to strengthen the load-bearing capacity of the expansive soil. In the road pavement design, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a most useful parameter to define the pavement layers. Hence, this paper is aimed to investigate the effect of SiCC column on the CBR of compacted expansive soil. Two groups of specimens were prepared for CBR test under soaked condition. A set of specimens are prepared on the wet side (Specimen A), and a set of specimens are compacted on the dry side of optimum moisture content (Specimen B). The objective of this research is to determine the effect of moisture content and dry density on the CBR value. The experiment results show that the SiCC column significantly increases the CBR of expansive soil on both dry and wet side of optimum moisture content. The specimen compacted on the dry side exhibit a higher CBR than the specimen compacted on the wet side of optimum moisture content.

Environmental impacts of utilizing waste steel slag aggregates as recycled road construction materials

Slag is an industrial waste generated during the steelmaking process. Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) are both produced at different stages of steelmaking process, respectively, in electric arc furnaces and refining ladle furnaces. As part of this research, an extensive suite of engineering and environmental tests were undertaken on steel slag aggregates to evaluate their potential usage as road construction materials. The engineering assessment included particle size distribution, hydrometer, organic content, flakiness index, Atterberg limits, particle density, water absorption, pH, minimum and maximum dry densities with a vibrating table, modified compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and Los Angeles abrasion tests. In addition, a suite of environmental tests comprising total and leachable heavy metal tests were undertaken on both types of steel slag aggregates. From an environmental perspective, EAFS and LFS were found to pose no environmental risks for use as aggregates in roadwork applications. The engineering properties of LFS aggregates with its satisfactory geotechnical and environmental results, particularly its high CBR values, indicated that the material was ideal for usage as a construction material in roadwork applications such as pavement base/subbases and engineering fills. EAFS, with its comparatively lower CBR value, was found to be only suitable to use as a construction material for pavement subbases and engineering fills. The usage of steel slag aggregates in roadwork applications would bring about a practical end-of-life alternative for their sustainable reuse and possibly divert large amount of these waste materials from landfills.

Design Charts for Flexible Airfield Pavement Based on Analytical Study

In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop design charts for flexible airfield pavements without or with geosynthetic reinforcements considering 20-years pavement life. The analytical study comprises Federal Aviation Administration method (1996) and Barenberg's design method (1975) to interpret the design charts. It concerns different types of aircrafts such as single wheel gear, dual wheel gear, dual tandem wheel gear, DC 10-10, 10CF, A300-B2/ B4, B747-100,SR,200B,C,F and B 747 SP with their different gross weights and annual departures. The required pavement thickness over a layer depends on several influencing factors such as California bearing ratio (C.B.R.) of the pavement layer, gross weight of aircraft and its annual departure. For a particular aircraft, the required pavement thickness is lesser over a layer with higher California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R.). The required thickness is more under the higher gross weights of an aircraft with same annual departure. As the annual departures of an aircraft increases, the required pavement thickness also increases over a particular layer. Results indicate appreciable reduction in the required aggregate thickness due to the inclusion of geosynthetic reinforcement.

Optimization and evaluation of fly ash composite properties for geotechnical application

India will generate about 283,470 MW of electricity by 2022. Seventy percent of the proposed energy demand is fulfilled by fossil fuel, out of which 54 % of demand is contributed by coal as reported by Krishna (2001). The coal production would be 850 Mt per year to fulfil the demand. Opencast mining plays a major role in meeting the demand of coal for thermal power generation leading to the use of large-capacity haul trucks. Carrying capacity of trucks/dumpers used in opencast mines has grown from 30 to 250 t in recent years. These ultra-capacity trucks/dumpers need well-designed haul roads. At present, design of new haul roads is based on past experience and empirical methods. The sub-grade, sub-base and/or base of haul road typically uses the overburden (O/B) materials which could be replaced by composite material at a particular layer for better performance. There are more than 165 opencast coal mines and many are near to thermal power stations. Present-generation fly ash (FA) from coal-based thermal power plants in India is 135 Mt/year and it is expected to increase to 300–400 Mt/year by 2016–2017 as reported by Cimento (2004). The usage percentage of fly ash is about 60 % leaving the rest as plant waste occupying a huge land area and creating environmental problems. The investigation has characterised fly ash (FA), mine overburden material (O/B) and lime (L). Geotechnical properties of untreated fly ash, mine overburden, fly ash–mine overburden mixes and lime-treated fly ash–mine overburden mixes were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Design-Expert software was used to establish the design matrix and to analyse the experimental data. The relationships between the percentage parameters (%FA + %O/B + %L) and experimentally obtained three responses (California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and BTS) were established. RSM was performed to optimize the interactions of input parameter which showed the best conditions for preparation of composite material. According to the obtained results, the model was developed and further analysis was conducted. The experimental values agreed with the predicted ones, thus indicating suitability of the model employed and the success of RSM in optimizing the composite material. Lime percentage, curing period was observed to have strong influences on the strength parameters of the developed FCMs. The best composite material obtained with highest CBR and UCS values.

Compaction Characterization and Model Prediction of Stabilized UnyegheResidual Soils, AkwaIbomState Nigeria

The primary step in the construction of sub- base and base course materials is the identification and selection of suitable borrow pits. This is done by obtaining samples from economically feasible borrow pits and testing them in the laboratory. 1 The laboratory compaction with varying compactive effort viz: British Standard (BS) compaction with 2.5kg rammer, repeated on 3 layers of 61 blows each, West African Standard (WAS) compaction with 4.5kg rammer repeated on 5 layers of 25 blows each; and Heavy British Standard (HBS) compaction with 4.5kg rammer repeated on 5 layers of 61 blows each on samples from locations 1 and2 respectively were conducted. Focus was on Unyeghe residualsoils from two distinct borrow-pits stabilized with river sand and ordinaryPortland cement. In all cases, the rammers fell from a height of 450mm above the top of mould. The unsoakedCBRvalues obtained with BS and WAS compactions,34% and 46% respectively,were far below the recommended minimum of 35% and 80% for sub-base and base courses applications by FMW & H 2 (1997) specification.The HBS compaction tends to simulate the actual field condition by limiting the air voids to about 5%. An interesting feature observed is that the highest CBR and MDD values obtained, (132%, 134% and 2100kg/m 3 , 2010kg/m 3 ) occurred at lower moisture contents (7.6%, 9.4%) at both locations. On application of the BS and WAS compactive effort to OPC stabilized Unyeghe residual soil samples the soaked CBRand MDD values at optimal level(124%, 132% and 2000kg/m 3 , 2060kg/m 3 ), showed comparative improvement. This result could not be justified only by direct influence attributable to the stabilizing materials only. It could thus be concluded that both the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) while not being inherent properties of the soil material, are predicated on the applied compactive effort. Hence, the more the soil material is compacted, the greater the value of cohesion and shearing resistance. Multiple nonlinear regressed models were developed for the purpose of prediction and optimization of Unyeghe residual soils with various stabilizing parameters.

Beneficial Properties of Coal Ashes and Effective Solid Waste Management

Large quantities of coal ashes are being produced by coal fired thermal power plants all over the world. Because of some of their inherent properties, the coal ashes are proving to be potential hazardous materials causing environmental pollution. The need of the day is to have practical engineering applications which involve the safe disposal of such so considered hazardous materials. Coal ashes have been shown to have advantageous properties such as low specific gravity, lower compressibility, higher rate of consolidation, high strength, high California Bearing Ratio, high volume stability, water insensitiveness to compaction, and pozzolanic reactivity. Coal ashes can be used as better alternative materials of construction in addition to their bulk use in the field of Geotechnical Engineering. Geotechnical Engineering Practice helps in the safe and effective disposal of coal ashes in bulk in a more ecofriendly way.