Higher Attitude Scores Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) generally have poor knowledge, attitude, and practice of their disease, while the data from China are lacking. AIM To address this knowledge disparity among Chinese patients with IBD. METHODS This web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of IBD patients who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between December 2022 and February 2023. Their socio-demographic information and the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were collected and estimated using a self-designed questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the pairwise correlations among knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was further performed to determine the independent factors associated with their knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. RESULTS A total of 353 patients (224 males) with IBD completed the questionnaires. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 10.05 ± 3.46 (possible range: 0-14), 41.58 ± 5.23 (possible range: 0-56), 44.20 ± 7.39 (possible range: 0-56), respectively, indicating good knowledge, positive attitude, and proactive practice toward IBD. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the knowledge score had significant positive correlations with the attitude score (r = 0.371, P < 0.001) and practice score (r = 0.100, P < 0.001). The attitude score had a significant positive correlation with the practice score (r = 0.452, P < 0.001). Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aged 30-40 years [odds ratio (OR) = 4.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-15.82, P = 0.043], middle school education (OR = 3.98, 95%CI: 1.29-12.33, P = 0.017), high school/technical secondary school education (OR = 14.06, 95%CI: 3.92-50.38, P < 0.001), and junior college/bachelor’s degree and above education (OR = 15.20, 95%CI: 4.15-55.650, P < 0.001) were independently associated with good knowledge. The higher knowledge score was independently associated with a positive attitude (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11-1.36, P < 0.001). The higher attitude score was independently associated with proactive practice (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11-1.30, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Chinese patients with IBD might have good knowledge, a positive attitude, and proactive practice toward their disease. However, a small number of specific items require education.

Schistosoma haematobium infection and morbidity risk factors for pre-school age children in western Angola: A knowledge, attitudes and practices survey.

Urogenital schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a poverty-related disease conditioned by behavioural practices. Our objective is to evaluate the awareness, mindset and habits about urogenital schistosomiasis in the community of Cubal (Angola), as well as its association with infection and urinary tract morbidity in pre-school age children. A cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitudes and practices at home was conducted between February and May 2022 with 250 participants. Overall, 93.6% of those surveyed had some prior knowledge about schistosomiasis and, among all the symptoms associated with this disease, blood in the urine was the best known (54.4%). Nevertheless, 57.6% obtained a medium knowledge score. Regarding attitude, the majority of respondents had a high attitude score (79.2%) with 96.0% willing to participate in mass drug administration campaigns. Laundry in the river was the most common risk practice (61.2%) and 55.2% out of the total were classified with a low practice score. Low knowledge about symptoms and transmission by caregivers was the outstanding risk factor for infection in pre-school age children (OR = 16.93, 95%CI: 3.93-72.82), and lack of knowledge that avoiding entering the river prevents schistosomiasis was the main risk factor for morbidity in PSAC (OR = 8.14, 95%CI: 1.14-58.25).

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and changes in diet and lifestyle play important roles in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with GDM at Hangzhou Women's Hospital, China, between September 1, 2022, and October 26, 2022. A questionnaire was designed that included the following dimensions: demographic/clinical information, knowledge, attitude and practice. Correlations between knowledge, attitude and practice scores were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Factors associated with practice score ≥14/16 were identified using multivariate logistic regression. The analysis included 499 women with GDM and a mean age of 31.22±3.89 years. The average knowledge, attitude and practice score were 11.55±3.04, 34.23±4.06 and 10.7±2.87 points, respectively. Knowledge score was positively correlated with attitude score (r=0.318, P<0.001) and practice score (r=0.351, P<0.001); attitude and practice scores were also positively correlated (r=0.209, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified higher knowledge score (odds ratio [OR], 1.138; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.042-1.244; P=0.004) and higher attitude score (OR, 1.137; 95% CI, 1.060-1.219; P<0.001) as independently associated with good practice (ie, practice score ≥14 points). The results provide important insights into the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women with GDM in China regarding GDM and its management. These findings may facilitate the development and implementation of education and training programs to improve the self-management of GDM by women in China.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare workers on early gastrointestinal cancer in China.

Gastrointestinal cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in China, and its early screening is largely recommended by healthcare workers. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers on early gastrointestinal cancer (EGC). This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthcare workers who volunteered to participate from 30 hospitals in China between September and December 2022. A self-administered questionnaire including 37 questions was developed. A total of 545 completed questionnaires were finally obtained. Healthcare workers had moderate knowledge level [9.22 ± 1.80 (65.88±12.89%), total score: 14], positive attitude [21.84 ± 2.67 (91.01 ± 11.14%), total score: 24], and excellent practice level [19.07 ± 4.43 (79.47 ± 18.44%), total score: 24] on EGC. Pearson's correlation analysis suggested that knowledge score was positively correlated with attitude (r = 0.264, P < 0.001) and practice score (r = 0.140, P = 0.001), and higher attitude score was significantly correlated with higher practice score (r = 0.380, P < 0.001), which were supported and reinforced by structural equation modeling. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that knowledge scores might be influenced by sex, age, education, type of hospital, type of occupation, professional title, and years of working (all P < 0.05); attitude scores might be influenced by years of working (P < 0.05); and practice scores were statistically distinct among groups of different sex, department, and years of working (all P < 0.05). Healthcare workers have moderate knowledge level, positive attitude, and excellent practice levels on EGC. Good knowledge and positive attitude might be correlated with excellent practice. KAP level might be influenced by sociodemographic characteristics.

Development and validation of a short tool to assess the awareness of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study among pregnant women in Lebanon

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are responsible for most perinatal and fetal mortality. Few programs are patient-centered during pregnancy, thereby increasing the risks of misinformation and misconceptions among pregnant women and, as a result, malpractices.This study aims to develop and validate a form to assess the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about HDPs.A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted over 4 months, targeting 135 pregnant women from 5 obstetrics and gynecology clinics. A self-reported survey was developed and validated, and an awareness score was generated.The mean maternal age of the participants was 27.3 (5.3) years. About 80% of the participants reported that they monitored their weight during pregnancy, and 70.4% monitored their blood pressure, out of which 73.8% performed it at the doctor's clinic only. Overall, participants had a total score of 16.9 (3.1) over 25 with higher attitude scores than knowledge scores. Less than half of the patients (45.2%) knew the cut-off for hypertension. With respect to knowledge statements, higher scores were noted for statements related to the symptoms of HDPs, and lower scores were reported for statements related to some HDP complications. Older women and those who monitored their blood pressure during pregnancy had significantly higher awareness scores. Those working had higher awareness of HDPs (67.4%), whereas about half of nonworkers (53.9%) showed lower awareness scores (P=.019).Pregnant women had moderate awareness of HDPs. The short 25-item tool developed in the present study can be used in obstetric clinics to explore the awareness of women of HDPs.

Effects of Digital Learning and Virtual Reality in Port-A Catheter Training Course for Oncology Nurses: A Mixed-Methods Study.

In-service education for oncology nurses usually adopts didactic teaching. This study investigated the effects of virtual reality (VR) and a digital learning-based Port-A-catheter educational course for oncology nurses. A mixed-methods research design was employed, with a convenience sample of 43 nurses from a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan participating. Measurements were taken at three time points: pre-test, 1st post-test, and 2nd post-test. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated ANOVA tests. Results showed significant improvement in Port-A-catheter knowledge and skill levels (p < 0.0001) and high learning attitude and satisfaction scores of 4.29 ± 0.46 and 4.31 ± 0.58 points, respectively. Five qualitative themes emerged, highlighting the realistic VR scenarios, VR practice's usefulness, willingness to learn with VR, VR system limitations, and the potential for future courses. The study concluded that a VR-based educational course effectively enhanced nurses' knowledge, skills, learning attitude, and satisfaction, recommending the inclusion of diverse clinical scenarios for practical learning.

Assessment of attitudes towards the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in a single center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the attitudes of the general public in Saudi Arabia regarding both medical and non-medical applications of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The study was conducted in King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh with a sample size of 377. Demographic information was collected, and attitudes towards applications of PGD were assessed using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire. Out of the total sample size, 230 (61%) were males, 258 (68%) were married, 235 (63%) had one child or more, and 255 (68%) were older than 30 years of age representing the majority of participants. Only 87 (23%) of participants reported prior experience with PGD. Personally, knowing someone who had a prior experience with PGD was associated with higher attitude scores (more favorable attitudes towards PGD) (p-value = 0.04). The findings of this study indicate that our sample of Saudi individuals generally had a positive attitude towards the use of PGD.

The relationship between diabetes-related knowledge and kidney disease knowledge, attitudes, and practices: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main noncommunicable diseases encountered in primary health care clinics. DM is considered one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of patients with DM on the early detection and prevention of CKD, determine its relationship with other variables, and examine the relationship between KAP scores for the prevention and early detection of CKD and the Michigan Diabetic Knowledge Test.MethodsWe collected data from 2 Nablus primary healthcare centers using a questionnaire that contains three sections: sociodemographic section, questions related to DM, and CKD screening index, which is formed of three scales. We used the Michigan Diabetic Knowledge Test (MDKT) to assess the knowledge of diabetic patients.ResultsThe study was carried out among 386 diabetic patients with a mean age of 57.62 ± 12.4 years (ranging from 28 to 90). The median (interquartile range) was 11 (8–14) for the knowledge scale, 56 (52–59) for the attitude scale, and 30 (26–33) for the practice scale. In the multiple linear regression, only patients under 55 years old (p = 0.012), with normal BMI (p = 0.030), high educational level (p < 0.001), high monthly income (p = 0.020), and MDKT test score (p = 0.007) were significantly associated with higher knowledge score. Furthermore, patients who were over or equal to 55 years old (p = 0.007), had a high monthly income (p = 0.016), used a single oral diabetic drug (p = 0.003), had a total number of medications less than 4 (p = 0.010), and had a high knowledge and MDKT test were significantly associated with a higher attitude score. Finally, a patient with normal BMI (p = 0.002), city residency (p = 0.034), high educational level (p = 0.003), less frequent tobacco use (p < 0.001), last HbA1c (p = 0.023) and greater knowledge, attitude, and MDKT score were significantly associated with better practices toward CKD prevention and early detection.ConclusionRegarding KAP analysis, higher practice scores for the prevention and early detection of CKD were significantly associated with patients with normal BMI, being city residents, high educational level, less tobacco use, last HbA1c below 7, and higher knowledge, attitude, and MDKT score.

An assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding organ donation among students and physicians.

To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of students and physicians regarding tissue and organ donation at a teaching hospital. The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, in 2019, and comprised physicians and students of ether gender. Data was collected using a 43-item self-administered questionnaire. Dichotomous questions were scored as 1 or 0, while multiple-option questions were scored as 2, 1 or 0. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. Of the 859 subjects, 761(88.6%) were students with a mean age of 20.3±1.5 years and 98(11.4%) were physicians with a mean age of 30.6±9.4. Among the students, 630(82.8%) were medical students, while 131(17.2%) were dental. The largest group among the students was of those in the second year of their studies 271(35.6%). Besides, 531(69.8%) and 64(65.3%) physicians were females. Compared to males, female students reported better mean scores in terms of attitude, while higher practice scores were obtained by both male students and physicians (p=0.021). Muslim subjects scored comparatively lower in knowledge, attitude and practice terms than non-Muslims (p<0.05). There were high knowledge and attitude scores, while scores reflecting practice were low. Effective measures should be taken to encourage medical professionals to donate organs and promote organ donation.

Association between gender role attitudes and social support from mothers and paternal involvement in childcare

Objective Paternal involvement in child-rearing is an action goal of Healthy Parents and Children 21 (Tier 2), and should be actively promoted. Clarifying the related factors may contribute to countermeasures for promoting paternal involvement in child-rearing. This study aimed to examine the association between fathers' gender role attitudes and social support from their spouses (i.e., the mothers of the children) and their involvement in child-rearing.Methods We obtained the data of fathers involved in childcare (aged 25-50 years; all full-time workers) through an internet research company. The paternal involvement in childcare scale (11 items, 4-point scale, e.g., "taking care of children," "cooking") was used as the dependent variable. The independent variables were gender role attitude ("Husbands should work outside the home and wives should take care of the home," 4-point scale) and social support from the mothers of the children (including appraisal, emotional, and instrumental support). The control variables were father's age, mother's employment status, number of children, the age of the youngest child, children going to nursery school or kindergarten, use of childcare services, self-evaluation of low economic status, work hours on weekdays, and marital relationship satisfaction.Results The data of 360 men were analyzed (mean age 36.8 years, standard deviation 5.6). The results of the multivariable regression analyses with interaction terms are as follows: gender role attitude was significantly associated with childcare (β=-0.103) and housework (β=-0.125); appraisal support was significantly associated with childcare (β=0.142) and housework (β=0.199); and the interaction between gender role attitude and instrumental support was significant (β=0.176), indicating that, in individuals with a high gender role attitude score, a higher level of instrumental support was related to a higher childcare score (β=0.242).Conclusions Fathers with egalitarian gender role attitudes and those who receive appraisal support from the other parent are more likely to participate in childcare. In addition, fathers with traditional gender role attitudes who receive instrumental support from the other parent may tend to participate in childcare.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards seasonal influenza vaccination among pregnant women and healthcare workers: A cross-sectional survey in Afghanistan.

Despite recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO), influenza vaccination coverage among high-risk groups remains suboptimal in Afghanistan. This study aims to document the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among two priority groups, pregnant women (PWs) and healthcare workers (HCWs). This cross-sectional study enrolled PWs and HCWs in Kabul, Afghanistan, from September to December 2021. Data on vaccine intention and uptake, knowledge, and attitudes towards vaccination were collected. Simple linear regression was used to predict the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on the KAP score. A total of 420 PWs were enrolled in Afghanistan. The majority (89%) of these women had never heard of the influenza vaccine but 76% intended to receive the vaccine. Of the 220 HCWs enrolled, 88% were unvaccinated. Accessibility and cost were factors which encouraged vaccination among HCWs. Fear of side effects and affordability were identified as key barriers. HCWs reported high level of vaccine intention (93%). PWs aged under 18 years (β: 6.5, P = 0.004), between 18 and 24 years (β: 2.9, P = 0.014), currently employed (β: 5.8, P = 0.004), and vaccinated against COVID-19 (β: 2.8, P = 0.01) were likely to have a higher attitude score. Among HCWs, being female was a predictor for poor vaccination practice (β: -1.33, P < 0.001) whereas being vaccinated against COVID-19 was a predictor for higher practice score (β: 2.4, P < 0.001). To increase influenza vaccination coverage among priority groups, efforts should be made to address issues such as lack of knowledge, limited availability, and cost barriers.

Knowledge and Attitude of Cancer Patients’ Companions towards Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy-induced Oral Complications and Dental Considerations

Background: Although Knowledge of the side effects of cancer treatments is crucial for everyone, it is more vital for patients' companions. Since they can significantly improve patients' attitudes towards cancer treatments and help them tolerate the disease; Objectives: In this study, we aimed to examine the level of knowledge and attitudes of companions about dental considerations and oral complications related to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was provided to companions at Kowsar Hospital in Semnan University, Iran, in October 2021. A total of 176 companions were selected by simple sampling method. Inclusion criterion consisted of the companions who were most of the time alongside the patients. The researcher-designed questionnaire included three sections: demographic variables, knowledge of and attitude toward dental considerations, and oral complications related to chemotherapy and radiotherapy (15 and 4 items, respectively). The relationship between knowledge and attitude with variables (e.g., gender, education level, duration of the treatment, and the location of the cancer) was investigated. Results: Overall, 176 companions participated in this research. A total of 152 (86.4%) individuals had low to moderate knowledge (score 7-14), and only 6 (3.4%) companions had high knowledge (score 15-19). Around 74 (42%) individuals had moderate attitude scores, and 98 (55.7%) had high attitude scores. Companions’ knowledge scores increased significantly with higher education and having head and neck cancer patients. Moreover, companions’ attitude scores decreased significantly with the age and duration of patients’ treatments and increased significantly with higher education and having gastrointestinal cancer patients. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and attitude of companions was low to moderate about chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced oral complications and dental considerations. Therefore, improving the comprehensive education of this group is required.

Assessment Knowledge, Attitude, and Willingness to Care for Patients with HIV/AIDS among Midwifery Students of Selected Universities in Iran in 2020.

Stigmatization and discrimination by health workers, particularly midwives are obstacles to the achievement of universal access to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention, treatment, and care programs. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate midwifery students' knowledge and attitude regarding Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and HIV, and their willingness to care for patients with AIDS and HIV before they enter the field of health and medical activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge and attitude in this regard, and willingness to care for patients with AIDS and HIV among midwifery students of selected universities in Iran in 2020. A descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was performed on 618 midwifery students in Iran in 2019-2020. Data were collected using a five-part questionnaire: a demographic characteristics form, an academic profile form, the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-KQ), the AIDS Attitude Scale (AAS), and the Jordan Standard Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods. p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 23.10 (5.63) years. The mean (SD) of knowledge, attitude, and willingness scores were 26.93 (6.64), 80.45 (9.27), and 29.55 (9.10), respectively. Single individuals had higher attitude scores. Iranian midwifery students had the desired level of knowledge, although the mean score was not much higher than the threshold. The level of the midwifery students' attitude was appropriate and more than that, but none of them had a 100% positive attitude. They had a moderate or neutral willingness to provide services to and care for patients with AIDS.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding child maltreatment amongst Iranian medical students through internship course: an 18-month longitudinal study

BackgroundChild maltreatment has been a major worldwide problem and has remained a persistent public health challenge in all countries. Physicians have a significant role in the prevention and intervention of child maltreatment. An educated physician that can effectively identify and report child maltreatment can fill one of the most significant gaps in reducing child abuse.This study was performed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding child maltreatment among Iranian medical students through an internship course.MethodAll the medical students (235 students) of the Iran University of Medical Sciences who passed the internship entrance exam in the 2019–2020 academic year participated in this study. The participants completed a 49-item scale questionnaire built by combining three other validated questionnaires that evaluate their attitude, knowledge, and practice skills in the first month of their internship course and then completed the same questionnaire 18 months later, at the end-point of the internship period.ResultsOne-hundred thirty nine (59.1%) participants were female, and 96 (40.9%) were male. The mean age of the subjects was 24.35 ± 0.76. Only 7 (3%) of them formerly received any education about child maltreatment. There was a significant improvement in scores of the knowledge of prevention (p-value = 0.001), the practice of prevention (p-value < 0.001) and the general subscale of the practice section (p-value < 0.001) during the internship course. However, the performance of participants decreased significantly in the subscales of the attitude towards diagnosis (p-value = 0.001) and the attitude towards reporting (p-value < 0.001) of child maltreatment. At the end of the study, the result of graduated physicians was: The total knowledge and attitude of participants were satisfactory, and the majority were at reasonable levels. Although in the practice subscale, 70.6% of the participants didn’t identify, 84.7% didn’t refer, and 86.4% didn’t report a child abuse case in the past year.ConclusionThe knowledge and attitude of Iranian physicians regarding child maltreatment are at a satisfactory level. Although, the practice level has deficiencies. In addition, our findings show that Iranian interns have a shallow experience regarding child maltreatment, particularly despite the higher scores in attitude and knowledge, which can be the reason for deficiencies in the practice level.

COVID-19 pandemic: perception, attitude, and practices of university students from health sector faculties

BackgroundAdherence to preventive control measures is influenced by perception, attitudes, and practices toward the disease prevention.AimTo assess the perceptions, attitude, and practices of university students in three health sector faculties (Medicine, Nursing, and Pharmacy) from six Egyptian universities towards COVID-19 pandemic prevention.MethodsAn electronic online survey was distributed to students of 3 faculties (Medicine, Pharmacy, and Nursing) in six Egyptian universities from March to July 2021. The questionnaire consists of the following parts: socio-demographic data of participants, student perception and attitude towards the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, as well as practices of preventive measures in the community.ResultsThe study included 1990 participants. Most respondents perceived the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic (88.2%). The rates of practicing precautionary measures were mostly high (approximately 90% or above). Significantly high attitude scores toward the pandemic were detected in people with quite-to-extremely concerned, very good/excellent status, aware of infection risk, willing to report positive cases and avoiding contact with them, and seeking medical advice regarding infection. The attitude to protective measures followed a similar pattern along with average health status, female students, and avoidance of contact when experiencing flu symptoms. Significantly higher practice scores were observed in those with bad health status, rural areas, perceiving the risk of infection, willing to report positive cases, and avoiding contact with positive cases.ConclusionThe effectiveness of precautionary measures should be stressed to promote positive student practices.

Attitudes and Knowledge about Evidence-Based Practice among Saudi Postgraduate Nursing Students

Background and Aims: Evidence-based practice (EBP) has helped nurses in taking medical decisions and staying up-to-date with the latest knowledge in nursing care. Nurses need to have a positive attitude, enough knowledge, and an awareness of relevant research to apply EBP and promote high-quality nursing care effectively. This study was carried out to assess Saudi postgraduate nursing students’ attitudes, knowledge, and practice about evidence-based practice. Methods: A descriptive survey with cross-sectional data collection was conducted online by applying the evidence-based practice questionnaire (EBPQ) to 311 Saudi postgraduate nurses. Results: The overall mean EBPQ score was 5.44±.74. Attitude had the highest mean score (5.81±1.08), followed by knowledge (5.52±.85) and practice (5.00±.94). Low-to-moderate significant correlations were found among the three EBPQ components (practice-attitude: r=.257; practice-knowledge: r=.296; attitude-knowledge: r=.569; P&lt;.001). Age, marital status, and smoking status had a significant impacted on the participants’ responses (P&lt;.05). Nurses aged 41–50 had the highest attitude score among all age groups. Married nurses had higher knowledge scores than the other groups, while smokers had higher practice scores than non-smokers. Conclusions: Here, the average total score was higher than those reported in previous studies, indicating the willingness of Saudi nurses to contribute to evidence-based practice by improving their knowledge and attitudes.

Understanding Childhood Constipation through the Prism of the Caretaker.

Childhood constipation is presenting with increasing frequency at pediatric surgical clinics. The caregiver's role in prevention and management is pivotal. This study aimed at determining mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices with regard to childhood constipation and the association of these with demographic variables. This was a survey-based descriptive study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Randomly selected mothers of children aged 1-10 years consulting for any problem other than constipation were included in the study. Data collection was done by means of a pretested and prevalidated questionnaire. There were 169 mothers with a median age of 30 years. Over half were homemakers and of a rural background. Urban mothers scored better than their rural counterparts in the attitude section (P = 0.034). Mothers with greater knowledge had better attitude (P = 0.001) and practice (P = 0.020) scores. Those with higher attitude scores also fared better in the practice section (P = 0.04). Knowledge, attitude and practice concerning childhood constipation are connected to each other. South Indian mothers are sufficiently aware of the nuances surrounding childhood constipation, but focused large-scale outreach programs and health education are necessary to bridge the gaps.

Seasonal Influenza Vaccination: a comprehensive survey on medical students

Background: Influenza is an acute viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract that is manifest by fever, chills, and a generalized feeling of muscle weakness and pain. Fortunately, the hospitalization rate for influenza-affected college students is low. Still, the main issues are the effects of the illness on their academic performance, class attendance, increased antibiotic use, and health care services. We aimed to assess the attitude, knowledge, and barriers of medical students at Qassim University regarding the seasonal influenza vaccine. Methods: An online survey was carried out targeting all medical students in Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia, involving 232 responders. Results: Among the 232 medical students who responded to our survey, we found a high knowledge and attitude score (r=0.510), indicating that the increase in the knowledge score is associated with the rise in the score of attitudes. Half of the students (50%) received the seasonal influenza vaccine regarding the barriers. Of those who did not receive the vaccine (n=116), the most common reason was &amp;quot;influenza is simple,&amp;quot; no need to vaccinate&amp;quot; (49.1%). Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge about the seasonal influenza vaccination was sufficient, with a higher association between the level of knowledge and the academic year and gender. We also established a positive association between the knowledge and attitude scores. Half of our sample haven&amp;apos;t received the influenza vaccine in their life. For future research, we suggest studying the relationship between gender and the knowledge and attitude toward the vaccine.

Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the general Lebanese population toward the coronavirus disease 2019

People’s practice, including adherence to disease prevention strategies, is influenced by their knowledge and attitude, which differ by sex. This study aimed to validate a tool that measures knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward COVID-19 and explore the related factors, including socioeconomic features and sex disparities. An online cross-sectional study conducted between December 20, 2020, and January 5, 2021, enrolled 405 participants from the general Lebanese population using a snowball sampling technique. The COVID-19 KAP scales were constructed and validated. After confirming the validity of the generated scales, the results showed that a university education level (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.90) was related to a better knowledge of COVID-19. A higher household crowding index (aOR = 0.41), a higher anxiety (aOR = 0.88), and do not know if there was an indirect contact with a COVID-19 patient (aOR = 0.44) were significantly associated with low knowledge of COVID-19. Having a family member working in the medical field (aOR = 1.76) and higher COVID-19 fear scores (aOR = 1.04) were associated with a more acceptable attitude toward COVID-19. Furthermore, higher knowledge scores (aOR = 1.14), higher attitude scores (aOR = 1.41), higher COVID-19 fear scores (aOR = 1.10), and more time spent on COVID-19 information (aOR = 1.91) were associated with good practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these associations differed by sex, except for the crowding index, which were inversely associated with knowledge in both sexes, while education level and indirect exposure to COVID-19 were significant only among females. Knowledge about COVID-19 did not affect attitudes, but a good attitude was related to better practice in both sexes. Moreover, higher fear and more time spent on COVID-19 information were significantly associated with better practice among females. Overall, this study validated tools to highlight the knowledge, attitude, and practice among the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak in Lebanon. Our findings suggest the need for health education programs tailored differentially according to sex, taking into account education, age, and socioeconomic status to raise awareness of COVID-19 and promote more acceptable attitudes and sustained safe practices among the general Lebanese population.

Comparing well-being among rural and urban Indonesian older people: a quantitative analysis of the related factors

&lt;p&gt;Residential area has been identified as a factor that influences the well-being of older people. This study aimed to compare the well-being of older people living in urban and rural areas in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, and analyze the predictors of well-being. A total of 141 (79 rural and 62 urban) older people participated in this study. Well-being was assessed using the world health organization-five (WHO-5) well-being index. The factors measured included sociodemographic data (age, sex, educational level, living arrangements, and current employment status), physical function, cognitive function, depression, independence, and attitude towards aging. Data of the two groups were compared using t-tests and Chi-square analysis. Correlations with well-being were analyzed using univariate correlation and multivariate hierarchical regression. The urban group had slightly older age, higher education, lower mobility and balance, higher attitude scores, and higher well-being. Depression was a significant variable in well-being for both communities. Physical capacity was an important factor in urban populations, while well-being in rural areas was better predicted by independence and cognitive function. The results suggest that there are similar and different correlates of the well-being of rural and urban older people, recommending different programs to enhance the well-being of older people living in different areas.&lt;/p&gt;