High Amounts Of Calcium Research Articles

Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Penyeduhan Teh Daun Kelakai (Stenochlarna Palutris) Dengan Treatmen Asam Lemon (Citrus Limon) Terhadap Kadar Besi (Fe)

Iron (Fe) is one of the many nutrients found in kelakai. Lemon acid treatment (Citrus lemonade) is used in the processing of kelakai tea powder as an effort to increase the nutritional value of the plant. The aim of this research is to determine how temperature and brewing time affect the iron (Fe) content in kelakai leaf tea (Stenochlarna palutris) prepared with lemon acid (Citrus lemonade). This research used a 2 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) and was experimental. There are two factors: the first is the temperature at which the brewing is done (40, 50 and 60 degrees Celsius), and the second is the brewing time (1, 5 and 10 minutes) with three repetitions. Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in data analysis, along with an additional 5% Honestly Significant Difference (BNJ) test. These findings show a very significant influence of brewing temperature, brewing time, and the combination of temperature and brewing time. The results of the research show that moderate temperatures produce high iron (Fe) levels, moderate brewing results in high iron (Fe) levels. The brewing temperature treatment T2 (50oC) had the highest amount of calcium at 2.73778 ppm. Iron (Fe) levels are low at temperature T1 (400C) of 1.42000 ppm. The effect of brewing time on high iron (Fe) levels at F2 time (5 minutes) is 2.73778 ppm. The lowest iron (Fe) content was located at the longest brewing time, namely F3 (10 minutes) at 1.12267 ppm. T3F2 (600C, 5 Minutes) with iron (Fe) content of 3,707 ppm. The treatment that produces the lowest iron (Fe) content is T2F3 (500C, 10 minutes) with a value of 0.702 ppm

Evaluation of the elemental composition and radiological density of bone tissue when replacing a metaphyseal defect with bioceramic phosphate-silicate granules (experimental study)

Background: It is known that bioceramic implants containing various calcium or silicon compounds in isolation demonstrate osteoconductive effect in the replacement of post-traumatic bone defects. The combined use of these elements in single material should potentiate the organotypic filling of the bone cavity by creating favorable ion microenvironment and staged biodegradation. AIM: To identify the correlation of radiological indicators of the density of newly formed bone tissue and content of micro- and macronutrients in a bone defect when it is replaced by bioceramics with various mass ratio of calcium phosphate and silicate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on male rabbits of the “white giant” breed, which, after receiving a standardized delimited metaphysical bone defect, implants with variable ratio of calcium phosphate and calcium silicate (in proportions of 40/60, 50/50 and 60/40 wt. %) were used to replace it. The results were evaluated using multispiral computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive analysis with detection by the method of correlation analysis of possible connections between the obtained data. RESULTS: Quantitative indicators of calcium and phosphorus content in bone regenerate in all groups increased mainly in the period from 30 to 60 days, and silicon content, reaching maximum amounts by the 30th day of the experiment, subsequently decreased monotonously, which showed participation of this element in the starting regenerative processes, and its decrease served as a marker of organotypic restructuring. In the elemental analysis of newly formed bone tissue during implantation of bioceramics containing phosphate and calcium silicate in the proportion of 60/40 wt. %. The highest amounts of calcium, phosphorus and silicon and the highest density of newly formed bone tissue were noted, which had direct correlation, and this pattern was observed both in the early stages (30 days) and throughout the experimental study. CONCLUSION: Analyzing the data obtained, it can be concluded that it is advisable to study the features of the course of reparative osteogenesis depending on the ionic environment, as well as the high potential of using synthetic bioceramics in general and the prospects of using implants on the basis of phosphate-silicate composites for bone defects replacement.

Single-step immobilization of hydroxyapatite on fluoropolymer surfaces for enhanced cell adhesion

Herein, we report a single-step immobilization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the surface of poly(vinylidene fluoride) copolymer. This method utilizes the ability of fluoropolymer to undergo a limited swelling in acetone/water mixture followed by an entrapment of HAp on its surface. We found that while acetone/water ratio does not affect the thickness of HAp-containing layer, an increase in acetone content results in higher amounts of calcium and phosphorus found in modified area. HAp immobilization not only improved the hydrophilicity of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) copolymer surface but also contributed to enhanced cell adhesion (0.8 ± 0.4 % for the fluoropolymer surface vs. 86.9 ± 9.1 % for the modified fluoropolymer surface) and viability (increased by up to 30 %). Overall, this method represents a potent strategy for the modification of fluoropolymers which allows for the fabrication of bioactive implants using standard laboratory equipment.

Membrane performance of pressure-retarded osmosis using simulated hydroxide-based CO2-captured draw solutions

This study proposes a novel hybrid process that integrates direct air capture (DAC) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) to address high water and energy demands of the DAC process and achieve simultaneous decarbonization and energy production. To explore the PRO performance in this hybrid process, membrane fouling behaviors were investigated by employing forward osmosis membranes in the PRO mode with various Na- and K-based draw solutions that simulated hydroxide-based CO2-captured solutions. Especially calcium (Ca2+) and alginate were dosed into the draw solutions as representatives of scaling precursor and organic foulants during long-term DAC-PRO operation respectively. The results revealed that (1) the presence of calcium in the NaHCO3 and KHCO3 draw solutions formed CaCO3 precipitates, whose amounts, morphologies, and particle size were associated with the dosed Ca2+ concentration and alkali solution type. (2) Higher calcium amounts in the NaHCO3 and KHCO3 draw solutions promoted more deposition of rhombohedral CaCO3 crystals on the membrane, leading to a lower water flux (Jw) and higher reverse salt flux (Js) due to increased hydraulic resistance and cake-layer-enhanced concentration polarization. (3) Dosing calcium (40 mM) into a mixture of HCO3- and CO32- draw solution resulted in accumulation of irregular-shape CaCO3 crystals on the membrane and an increase of Jw, possibly relating to the increased membrane hydrophilicity due to decreased solubility of the solute at a higher pH level. (4) The addition of alginate into calcium-dosed (40 mM) draw solutions did not influence Jw and Js but increased deposited foulants. This suggests that deposited alginate may loosely attach to CaCO3 crystals, instead of creating a dense fouling layer by bridging with Ca2+.

Assessment of severity and mineral composition of saliva in schoolchildren with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH).

The aim of the study was to evaluate the severity of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), related oral health and investigate salivary mineral composition. The study was conducted with 50 participants aged between 6-15 years who were effected with MIH and 50 without MIH. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores, Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/Surface (DMFT/S), dft/s and gingival/plaque indices were evaluated. The pH, flow rate, buffering capacity and mineral composition of saliva was measured. "Student t" test, one-way analysis of variance in repeated measurements of groups, and Tukey multiplex in subgroup comparisons was used. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon and chi-square tests were used to analyze qualitative data and compare groups. A total of 100 children (57 females 43 males, mean age 10.12 ± 1.85) participated in the study. There was no difference between ICDAS, DMFT/S scores, but dft/s index values were statistically significant (p = 0.001). The simplified oral hygiene index of MIH patients were statistically higher, but no significant differences were found in modified gingival indices (p = 0.52). Although the salivary pH and flow rate of the patients in the study group were lower, the buffering capacity was higher than those in the control group, but no significant difference was observed (p = 0.64). The mean values of phosphorus, carbon and calcium content in the saliva samples of MIH patients were higher than those of patients without MIH, and this difference was low for phosphorus (p = 0.76) and carbon (p = 0.74), but significantly higher for calcium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the association between calcium, phosphate and carbon levels in saliva of children with MIH. The significantly high amount of calcium in the saliva of patients with MIH suggests that further investigations are needed.

In vitro ruminal-microbial fermentation pattern: nutritional insights about some agricultural crop mesocarps (peel) in ruminant nutrition

Different agricultural crop wastes (ACW) such as mesocarps (peel) are annually produced after consuming their edible parts in the world without any scientific information about their nutritional potential. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the ruminal-microbial fermentation pattern and nutritional potential of some crop mesocarps (peel) including different species of melons (Watermelon, Galia melon, Rockmelon, Til sabz, and Til atashi) as well as cucumber and eggplant using common and standard laboratory methods. The amount of crude protein (CP) varied from 7.19 to 19.1% of dry matter (DM) for Til sabz and cucumber mesocarps, respectively. The highest (34.1% of DM) and lowest (15.4%) content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were related to eggplant and Til sabz peels, respectively (p < 0.05). The content of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) varied from 38.7% for eggplant peel to 66.6% for Til sabz. All mesocarps had a low DM percentage (4.88% of DM for cucumber to 8.45 for eggplant). Rockmelon peel had the highest amount of calcium (5.25 g/kg DM) and magnesium (5.75 g/kg DM) compared with the other mesocarps (p < 0.05). The highest amounts of potassium (33.4 g/kg of DM), sodium (7.15 g/kg of DM), and zinc (21 mg/kg of DM) were observed in the peels of watermelon, Til atashi, and cucumber, respectively (p < 0.05). The potential of ruminal-microbial gas production also differed from 55.6 ml/200 mg of DM for eggplant to 63.1 ml for Til sabz peel. Except for cucumber (8.75 MJ/kg of DM) and eggplant (8.71 MJ), other mesocarps (different melon species) had almost similar metabolizable energy (ME, 9.06–9.50 MJ/kg of DM). Among the studied mesocarps, the lowest ruminal-microbial DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility was also observed in eggplant and cucumber (p < 0.05). Gallia melon had the highest acid-base buffering capacity (267 mEq×10− 3, p < 0.05). According to our findings, the mesocarps of melons showed a higher nutritional value than the cucumber and eggplant. In general, Til sabz exhibited a notable favorite and superior nutritional characteristic compared with the other mesocarps.

A review on the use and scope of finger millet (Ragi) in prevention and management of non-communicable diseases

Ragi (Eleusine coracana L.), or finger millet, is one of the ancient millets used as a staple food in India. Modernization has created an impact on the food habits of humans. Refined flours, polished grains, newly harvested grains, processed and preservative-added foods are causative factors for lifestyle diseases namely diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, lung disorders, gluten enteropathy, and hormonal imbalances. Good quality nutritional food is essential for maintaining health. The Indian government is endeavoring to introduce traditional food practices to the globe. International Year of Millets 2023 has widely gained the global attention toward millets and their health benefits. Millets are nutri-cereals and are vital part of grains in Indian foods. Ragi is a prime millet crop with nutritional, therapeutic, and commercial importance. Ragi contains high amounts of calcium, and protein with well-balanced essential amino acids. Thus, ragi is an ideal food for diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. Its high fiber content prevents constipation, high blood pressure, and gluten intolerance. It has demonstrated the ability to control blood glucose levels due to low glycemic index (54–68) and insoluble fibers, which helps to control blood glucose levels in hyperglycemia, making it an essential food for diabetes. It is pesticide-free, easy to grow, and cost-effective crop, hence a choice for commercial gains. The current review presents ragi's significance in preventing and managing non-communicable diseases.

Flexural Performance of RC Beam with the Partial Replacement of Cement with EggshellPowder(ESP)

Abstract: It's a renowned fact that concrete used around the globe is second only to water. The cement industries have been categorized as highly polluting industries by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The production of ordinary Portland cement contributes 5-7% of total greenhouse gas emission and also consumes large amount of energy, hence it is crucial to discover substitute to cement. Eggshell is a waste material that can be obtained from restaurants, bakeries and households. Eggshell powder (ESP) has high amounts of calcium and can be combined with pozzolanic materials, such as fly ash, which have low calcium content. If effective uses for eggshell can be found, it would create an opportunity for a sustainable solution. Eggshell waste is among the most abundant agro-waste material discharged from food processing industries. Despite the exceptional properties and several applications, eggshell is castoff in huge quantity without any further use. This review paper focuses on appraising the potential uses of eggshell waste as a feedstock for production of sustainable construction materials. The emphasis is on the need to exploit extensively eggshell waste as a partial cement replacement material in cement-based construction materials. This study focuses on the viability of using calcined eggshells (CES) as a partial replacement of cement by analysing early age performance. Compressive, Flexural and Split Tensile Strength of concrete with 10%, 15%, 20% cement replacement with eggshell powder. The utilization of PES which offers a low-cost and energy-efficient resource for construction.

Comparison and effect of plain and calcium fortified yogurt on glycemic responses, anthropometrics and metabolic biomarkers

Metabolic syndromes including obesity and diabetes are the most common health issues due to insulin resistance, disturbance in glucose homeostasis, lack of exercise, and improper diet. The current study was planned to evaluate the potential effects of regular diet with fortified yogurt on blood glycemia and anthropometric responses. Plain yogurt was procured from the local market, and then it was fortified with calcium. Furthermore, the subsequent effect of fortified yogurt on blood glucose, insulin, and anthropometric measurements was assessed at different time intervals. A total of 40 healthy females and males aged about 20 years with a normal BMI range (20–24.9 kg/m2) were recruited within the Government College University Faisalabad. Participants filled out the habits Performa, stress factors questionnaire, and activity questionnaire. Blood glucose (BG) and visual analogous scale (VAS) performs were also taken in the fasting stage and then assigned treatment was given. After 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min intervals VAS and BG estimation was carried out. The results shows that fortified yogurt contained a higher amount of calcium. Likewise, a similar trend was observed for the desire to eat, a feeling of fullness, palatability, physical comfort, and overall acceptability. The results obtained from various analyses were statistically evaluated.

Effect of storage condition on the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of kurkura (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) fruit from North-Eastern Ethiopia

Ziziphus mauritiana is used as food and medicine. It is very nutritive and contains high amounts of calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin C, and beta-carotene. To choose an appropriate technique for fruit preservation, this study evaluated the effect of temperature and time on the nutritional and anti-nutritional qualities of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit harvested from Kobo Woreda in North-Eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the impact of preservation parameters on the nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit, such as storage temperature and preservation day (time). Ziziphus mauritiana fruit was also analyzed to evaluate storage temperature and preservation day on its nutritional and antinutritional composition and found moisture content (5.25–10.99%), ash content (4.74–10.70%), crude fiber (3.81–17.88), fat (0.49–2.16), nitrogen content (1.01–1.8%), protein content (6.33–11.27), phytate content (67.27–659.33 mg/100 g m), and tannin content (3842.46–16577.80 mg/100 g m). The findings revealed that both individual and interaction effects were highly significant differences (p-value, 0.0001) in each nutritional and antinutritional content of the fruit. The results of this study showed that it was possible to store Ziziphus mauritiana fruit using plastic bags (High-Density Polyethylene Bags), and further deep-freezing the fruit had the best effect on preserving it in its fresh state (without damage) for up to 45 days.

Mineral profile of Edible Marine algae Padina tetrastromatica, Hauck

Seaweeds are an important ingredient of functional foods recommended for daily food due to their unique compositions and nutritional value. They are the vital source of rich nutrition in dietary fibre, low lipid content, high polysaccharide concentration, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins. The nutritional and pharmacological potential of marine macroalgae drives our continuous interest in investigating the edible seaweeds. The present study mainly focuses on the mineral profile of the edible algae Padina tetrastromaica, collected from Thikkodi coast, Kerala. P. tetrastromatica, belongs to the family Dictyotacece, which have the copious source of pharmacologically active compounds and exhibits unalike properties such as antibiotic, anticoagulant, antihyperglycemic, antiviral and anti-cancerous. Thus the present study reveals the mineral profile of the edible marine algae P.tetrastromatica, which has higher amount of Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium and low amount of Iron . The results concluded that the marine brown algae selected for the present study holds a good amount of primary and secondary metabolites.

Short-term changes of soil physicochemical properties affected by organic modifier type and its application method

ABSTRACT Managing soil modifier application is important to improve the soil properties. The purpose of the experiment was to study the short-term (0, 60, 120, 180 days) changes of the soil properties affected by the organic modifier types (barberry biochar, poultry manure, vermicompost, wheat straw), and their application methods (mixing and mulching). This study was carried out in a laboratory scale where organic modifiers were used at 5% ratio (by weight) with four replicates. The factorial experiment was performed based on a totally random design using variance analysis, mean comparison and the least significant difference (LSD) test (p < 0.05). The soil characteristics were enhanced by all organic modifiers. The highest amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were obtained from the poultry manure. The highest amounts of calcium and magnesium were related to the barberry biochar at 120 and 180 days, and led to increasing up to 1.33, and 2.5 times, respectively, compared to the control. Promising results were observed in soil physicochemical properties when barberry biochar was applied as mixed with the soil for 180 days. The mixed application of the poultry manure and barberry biochar for 180 days was the best treatment.

Assessment of the Nutritional Quality and Fungal Contamination of Commercial Poultry Feed and Raw Materials Available in Gazipur and Mymensingh District of Bangladesh

The study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient content and fungal contamination of commercial poultry feeds and raw materials available in Gazipur and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. A total of 67 commercial poultry feed (broiler and layer) and raw materials were collected from different poultry farms, dealers and shops. They feed samples and raw materials were then analyzed in terms of DM (Dry matter), CP (crude protein), EE (ether extract), ash and calcium concentration. Crude protein is the main constituent and is found in the range of 20-22.5% and 15.3-19.5% for broiler and layer feeds, respectively. Moisture content ranged between 9.7-11.2% in both broiler and layer feed indicating good storage condition. Other nutrients such as crude fat and crude fiber content in broiler and layer feed were 3.6-6.9% and 3.0-5.8%, respectively. Layer feed contains a higher amount of calcium (3.1-4.6%) and total ash (8.3-13.3%) than the broiler feed. The moisture percentage of raw materials was below the recommended value. About 40-60% crude protein was found in protein-rich feed ingredients and other nutrients such as crude fat (17.2-19.1%) and crude fiber (9.9-13.1%) were higher in energy-rich ingredients. On the other hand, fungal contamination in broiler and layer feed, and raw materials was found in about 28.5%, 30.0% and 46.0%, respectively. The proximate composition and fungal contamination of poultry feed and raw materials were varied due to environment, processing method, storage condition and adulteration, etc. In conclusion, findings of the nutrient content and fungal contamination of commercial poultry feed and raw materials will help the feed mill owners and commercial poultry farmers to prepare quality feed and to formulate quality poultry ration.

Comparative Analysis of Water Quality Applying Statistic and Machine Learning Method: A Case Study in Coyuca Lagoon and Tecpan River, Mexico

The water quality monitoring of lotic and lentic ecosystems allows for informing the possible use in human activities and the consumption of the vital liquid. This work measures the biochemical parameters in Coyuca Lagoon and Tecpan River, localized in Guerrero, Mexico. A comparative statistical analysis of six physicochemical factors in lentic and lotic ecosystems was carried out, finding individual pH values slightly higher for the lagoon ecosystem and lower for the river. For electrical conductivity, we find river sites with parameters lower than 500 μS/cm ideal for human use and consumption. On the contrary, in sites of the lagoon system, the conductivity was higher. As for the total hardness of the river, the values are within the Mexican standard; however, for the lagoon ecosystem, the water has a higher amount of calcium and magnesium salts and is not recommended for human consumption. For chlorides, the lagoon system exceeds the limits of regulations for human consumption; otherwise, it happens with the lotic system. The values of total alkalinity and total dissolved solids are higher for the lentic system than for the lotic one. Finally, the machine learning method shows the importance of measuring other parameters to determine the water quality, especially the salinity and calcium hardness.

Effect of phosphogypsum use as a waste recycling on GHG emissions by mineral carbonisation method

The release of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere as a result of anthropogenic sources and industrial applications has triggered the increase in global temperatures called global warming and related climate change. Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the wet process phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production process, which chemically consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) with some impurities. Annual PG accumulation has reached 300 Mtons and a strategy is needed to ensure efficient, continuous and bulk consumption. Due to the high amount of calcium it contains, PG is a material suitable for use in CO2 capture and storage processes to form stable solid carbonate compounds. This process, called mineral carbonisation of PG, contributes to sustainable development goals by providing the multiple benefits of both the utilisation of an industrial by-product and the realisation of CO2 capture and storage technology.

Hardness analysis of remineralization primary teeth enamel after the application gel of duck eggshell extract (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) with consentration 20% and 40% in vitro

Background : Children are a population that has a high potential to be exposed to caries. Calcium deficiency due to demineralization of the enamel can cause a decrease in hardness during caries pathway. It can be anticipated with the application of re-mineralizing materials. Duck eggshells are contain high amount of calcium. This research aimed to examine the effect of duck eggshell extract gel (Anas plathyrhynchos domesticus) on the enamel hardness of primary teeth. Methods : This research is an experimental laboratory type using a pre and post-test control group design. There were 3 treatment groups with 4 samples in each group, which consisted of application of duck eggshell extract gel (Anas plathyrhynchos domesticus) with a concentration of 20% and 40%, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste. Sample application was carried out 42 times in 14-day intervals. Then the sample was measured with vickers microhardness tester. The data were processed by using Paired T-Test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Post Hoc Mann-Whitney statistical tests. Results : showed that there were significant differences in the samples before and after the application of duck eggshell extract gel (Anas plathyrhynchos domesticus) (p&lt;0.05). Significant differences were also found in the three groups (p&lt;0.05). The group that experienced the highest increase in hardness was the 20% duck eggshell extract gel (Anas plathyrhynchos domesticus) treatment group. Conclusion : was that duck eggshell extract gel (Anas plathyrhynchos domesticus) with a concentration of 20% was effective in increasing the hardness of primary tooth enamel

Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Habitual Caffeine Consumption Associate with the Adverse Ambulatory Blood Pressure Response to Strenuous Physical Exertion among Firefighters.

Caffeine has beneficial effects on firefighter job performance reducing fatigue and improving psychomotor vigilance. However, excessive caffeine intake may raise blood pressure (BP) following a bout of acute exercise among adults with elevated BP. The influence of caffeine intake on the ambulatory BP (ABP) response to vigorous physical exertion among firefighters has not been studied. In this sub-study we conducted secondary statistical analyses from a larger clinical trial (NCT04514354) that included examining the influence of habitual caffeine intake, and cardiometabolic biomarkers shown to influence BP, on the ABP response following a bout of sudden vigorous exertion over 19 h among firefighters. Previously, we found high amounts of calcium and sodium intake raised BP following a bout of acute exercise among adults with elevated BP. Thus, other secondary aims were to examine the influence of habitual calcium and sodium intake, and cardiometabolic biomarkers have shown to influence BP, on the ABP response following sudden vigorous exertion over 19 h among firefighters. Firefighters (n = 15) completed a Food-Frequency Questionnaire assessing habitual dietary intake over the past year. They randomly completed a maximal graded exercise stress test (GEST) and non-exercise CONTROL on separate non-workdays leaving the laboratory wearing an ABP monitor for 19 h. Prior to and immediately after the GEST, fasting venous blood was collected to measure lipid-lipoproteins, c-reactive protein, and blood glucose. Height and weight were taken to calculate body mass index. Repeated measures ANCOVA tested if the ABP response differed after GEST vs. CONTROL. Linear mixed models examined the relationships among caffeine, calcium, sodium, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and the ABP response following GEST vs. CONTROL. Firefighters were middle-aged (40.2 ± 9.5 year), overweight (29.0 ± 3.9 kg/m2) men with elevated BP (124.1 ± 10.3/79.6 ± 11.5 mmHg) who consumed 542.0 ± 348.9 mg of caffeine/day, about ~50% more than the dietary reference intake. Unexpectedly, systolic ABP was higher by 18.0 ± 6.7 mmHg and diastolic ABP by 9.1 ± 5.4 mmHg (ps < 0.01) over 19 h following GEST vs. CONTROL. We found 24% of the variance in the adverse ABP response to maximal physical exertion was explained by caffeine intake, and when combined with c-reactive protein, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, body mass index, blood glucose, and resting heart rate, up to 74% of the variability in the ABP response was explained. Additionally, we found calcium (ps < 0.001) and sodium (p < 0.0001) intake each explained up to 24% of the ABP response. Further investigation is needed in a larger, more diverse sample of firefighters to better establish how caffeine contributes to the adverse BP response to strenuous physical exertion.

Formulation and Analysis of Nutrients, Antioxidants and Phytonutrients in Millet Barfi Using Finger and Barnyard Millets Incorporated With (Cardiospermum Halicacabum and Ocimum Tenuiflorum)

Barfi has a high nutritional value such as calcium and proteins with higher biological value. It also provides almost all necessary essential oils to maintain good health. In this study, Barfi was prepared with calcium rich millets and antioxidant-rich medicinal plants in different concentrations. The millets such as Eleusine coracana and Echinochloa esculenta was used to prepare barfi. Eleusine coracana is the ragi in Indian region which contains a high amount of calcium, a protein with well-balanced essential amino acid composition along with Vitamin A, Vitamin B and phosphorous. Echinochloa esculenta is a Japanese millet with good source of highly digestible protein and the least caloric dense compared to all other cereals. The herbals used in this study to enhance the millet barfi was Cardiospermum halicacabum and Ocimum tenuiflorum. The phytochemical and the antioxidant activity of the herbal extracts were performed before inducing them into the barfi. The formulation of the millet barfi was done in the manmade traditional technique. The nutritional tests in terms of fat, protein, and the physiochemical properties such as pH, moisture content of the barfi were also analyzed. The shelf life of the millet barfi enhanced with plant extracts was analyzed through microbial analysis. These parameters were tested in the storage interval of 0, 5, and 10 days which was stored at the refrigerator. The study aims to prepare the calcium-rich unpolished millet barfi enhanced with herbs. Keywords: Millet Barfi, Eleusine coracana, Echinochloa esculenta, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Antioxidant, Physiochemical

Evaluation of the mechanical performance of concrete containing calcium carbide residue and nano silica using response surface methodology.

Calcium carbide residue (CCR) is generated from acetylene gas production, and it is highly alkaline and contains a very high amount of calcium. Nano silica (NS), on the other hand, is mostly used in combination with other pozzolanic materials in concrete to ignite the reactivity of the material and to improve the properties of the concrete. This study investigated the effect of CCR incorporated in concrete mixtures to partially replace cement content at 0 to 30% (interval of 7.5%). NS was used as an additive by weight of binder at levels 0 to 4% in increment of 1%. Thus, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of CCR and NS on the properties of the concrete, including compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity (MoE), and water absorption. The RSM was used for model development predicted concrete's properties and carried out mixture multi-objective optimization by maximizing strengths, MoE, and minimizing water absorption. The results showed that using up to 15% CCR improved the strengths, MoE, and water absorption of the concrete. Adding up to 3% NS further enhanced the strengths, MoE, and water absorption significantly. The developed models for predicting the properties of the concrete using RSM were highly efficient with high degree of correlation. The optimization solutions indicated that the best optimum or best mix combination based on maximum strengths and MoE with minimum water absorption was achieved by replacing 10.6% cement with CCR and adding 1.95% NS by the weight of cementitious materials.

The Influence of Casein Coatings on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Based Alloys.

This article discusses the influence of conversion casein coatings with a thickness of about 20 µm on the structure and the corrosion behavior of two magnesium alloys: MgCa2Zn1 and MgCa2Zn1Gd3. Casein is a protein that, along with whey protein, is a part of milk. Casein coatings are appropriate for bone growth because they contain high amounts of calcium and phosphorus. In this work, casein coatings and casein-free coatings were applied on Mg-based alloys using the conversion process. The structure and topography observations were presented. The corrosion behavior was determined by electrochemical and immersion tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in chloride-rich Ringer solution. The obtained results show that conversion casein coatings effectively protect Mg-based alloys against corrosion. This was confirmed by higher corrosion potentials (Ecorr), polarization resistances (Rp) derived from Tafel’s and EIS analysis, as well as low hydrogen release. The volume of hydrogen released after 216 h of immersion for casein coatings applied to MgCa2Zn1 and MgCa2Zn1Gd3 alloys was 19.25 and 12.42 mL/cm2, respectively. The improvement in corrosion resistance of casein coatings was more significant for Mg alloy dopped with gadolinium. The lower corrosion rate of casein conversion coatings is explained by the synergistic effect of the addition of Gd in the Mg-based alloy and the formation of dense, tight conversion casein coatings on the surface of this alloy.