High Aluminum Content Research Articles

Investigation on the deformation mechanism of alkali metal on inclusions in cord steel containing different aluminium content

The control and modification of non-metallic inclusions are crucial in enhancing the deformability and production efficiency of cord steel. This study investigated the effects of Na2+ and K2+ on the morphology, composition and deformability of inclusions in cord steel by adding Na2CO3 and K2CO3. Scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometer and FactSage were applied to analyse the melting point and morphology of inclusions in ingots and forged samples. The results showed that the deformability of inclusions was improved and the melting point of inclusions decreased by adding Na2CO3 and K2CO3. These inclusions were in the form of long strips after forging. Moreover, the deformability of inclusions in steel increased more obviously by adding Na2CO3 than that with K2CO3. This study also found that the deformability of inclusions in sample with higher aluminium content was worse than that in sample with lower aluminium content. The inclusions can be deformed effectively under the condition of adding alkali metals into steel containing low aluminium content.

Enhancing the effect of phosphorus fertilizers, taking into account liming, taking into account liming in winter wheat cultivation on sod-podzolic soil

In long-term field experience on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil, a significant return was revealed from the use of zinc, copper, magnesium fertilizers, the microbial preparation Bisolbifit together with phosphorus fertilizers in connection with liming in winter wheat crops. The beneficial effect of the studied techniques on grain quality, payback of fertilizers, consumption and utilization rate of phosphorus by plants was noted. On highly acidic, untreated soil with a high content of mobile aluminum (about 130 mg/kg), caused by the systematic introduction of physiologically acidic potassium chloride and ammonium nitrate, phosphorus fertilizers (on average for all the years of the study from 2017 to 2023) provided an increase in winter wheat yield by 69% at a dose of 11.5 tons of lime/ha of medium acid in the soil by 2.2 times, on slightly acidic (19.0 tons of lime/ha) – by 2.7 times, together with the use of trace elements and Bisolbifit – by 2.4 and 2.9 times from the average background level of nitrogen-potassium fertilizers (2.38 t/ha). At the same time, the payback of phosphorus fertilizers with winter wheat grain on slightly acidic soil from the introduction of micro fertilizers and Bisolbifit increased 2.7 times (up to 15.7 kg/kg), the protein content in the grain increased by 1.3%, phosphorus removal by 3.8 times (up to 70.7 kg/ha), the use of phosphorus by winter wheat plants by 2.7 times.

Microstructure Analysis of Different NaOH Molarity Towards Fly Ash Geopolymer for Underwater Concreting Material

Geopolymer concrete is a new sustainable and environmentally friendly composite with great potential to replace conventional concrete that is mostly produced by ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Binders used for geopolymer concrete such as fly ash and blast furnaces are mostly industrial wastes or by -products containing high silica and aluminium content that act as stimulants for geopolymerization. Furthermore, geopolymers also exhibit better durability and corrosion resistance than OPCs. However, material subjected to underwater placement method typically exhibit a decrease in properties. While geopolymer has not been widely used as underwater concreting material, this research is purposed to identify the effect of underwater placement method towards geopolymer in terms of microstructure analysis. Using different molarities of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the optimum compressive strength will be discussed for underwater concrete while correlating with the microstructure result. For alkaline activators, the ratio used is 2.5 and the ratio for solid to liquid is 2.5. The molarities used for alkaline activators were 8 M, 10 M and 12 M. Using the tremie method for underwater concrete, it is possible to measure the leaching loss with respect to the objective of this research. The best compressive strength result is 12 M. The SEM result support with 12 M molarity had less cavities and lowest density.

Effect of Alumina Proportion on the Microstructure and Technical and Mechanical Characteristics of Zirconia-Based Porous Ceramics

The current study investigates the process of preparing and analysing porous-structured ceramics made from zirconium, aluminium, and magnesium ceramic oxides. The starch consolidation casting (SCC) technique, with different types of starches (potato and tapioca), was used for this purpose. Our objective was to methodically examine the impact of different processing factors, such as the temperature at which pre-sintering and sintering occur, and the proportions of ceramic powders, on the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and porosity of the resultant composites. Pre-sintering effectively reduced the rate of shrinkage during the final sintering stage; this resulted in more controlled and predictable shrinkage, leading to better dimensional stability and reduced risk of defects in the final product. A higher alumina content was associated with an increase in apparent porosity and a reduction in volume shrinkage and apparent densities. The mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) findings concluded that the prepared porous ceramics have a multi-modal pore structure. The highest calculated compressive strength was 76.89 MPa for a sample with a porous structure, which was manufactured using 20 wt.% tapioca starch and 30 wt.% alumina content. The main advantage of alumina is its ability to improve compressive strength by refining the grain structure and serving as a barrier against fracture development.

Wear Behaviour of Nickel Coatings Reinforced by Recycled Quarry Dust: Influence of Current Density

Nickel coatings incorporated with quarry dust were synthesized through direct current electrodeposition from a nickel Watt’s bath. The study explored the effects of varying current densities on the surface morphology and wear behaviour of the nickel-quarry dust (Ni-QD) composite coatings deposited on a high-speed steel (HSS) substrate. Quarry dust was chosen as a reinforcement material due to its high silica and alumina content, which enhance the properties of the coating. To achieve finer particle size, the quarry dust was subjected to ball milling before electrodeposition. The study tested a range of current densities from 2 to 8 A/dm², as different current densities produce different results. The composite coatings were characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and their wear resistance was evaluated through pin-on-disk test. The results indicated that increasing the current density enhanced the wear resistance of the coatings. Coatings produced at high current densities displayed a colony-like structure, demonstrating the impact of deposition conditions on colony size relative to current density. Ni-QD composite coatings created at 6 and 8 A/dm² resulted in smoother and narrower wear scars with minimal scratching, attributed to the low surface roughness of the coatings.

Deciphering genetic mechanisms of Al toxicity tolerance through meta-QTL analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice is known for its tolerance to high aluminum (Al) concentrations in soil. However, the precise genetic and physiological mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Recent research has identified several candidate genes (CGs) and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Al toxicity tolerance in rice. Nevertheless, many more QTLs/genes are yet to be precisely mapped. We employed meta-QTL (M-QTL) analysis, integrating 12 independent mapping studies and 5 Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). The meta-analysis identified 53 M-QTLs from 157 projected QTLs, which were further narrowed down to 28 M-QTLs based on the number of overlapping QTLs on a consensus map. Gene identification through batch retrieval from the RAP database yielded 2,765 non-redundant genes within the 28 M-QTL regions. Comparison of M-QTL CGs with six expression datasets associated with Al toxicity tolerance in rice resulted in the identification of 219 CGs with significant differential expression. Notably, 34 CGs were identified to be common across at least 2 studies. Further downstream analyses of CGs revealed the presence of cis-regulatory elements, transcription factors, and transporter proteins related to the Al toxicity tolerance response. Additionally, we analyzed the expression patterns of the four CGs, namely NRT2.3, ALMT4, MT1, and MTP11, which showed significant upregulation in the Al toxicity-tolerant rice genotype, Anjali. Conversely, in the sensitive genotype Swarna, only NRT2.3 exhibited upregulation, while ALMT4, MT1, and MTP11 were downregulated. Our study highlights significant meta-regions that hold the potential for improving rice genotypes for enhanced tolerance to Al toxicity in acidic soils.

Atmospheric air pollution from the Ermakovskoe fluorite-beryllium deposit development waste

Relevance. Negative impact of waste from mining enterprises on the ecological state of the surrounding areas. Aim. To determine the migration ability of toxic chemical elements from waste storage sites of the Ermakovskoe beryllium deposit in the air. Object. Ermakovskoe fluorite-bertrandite-phenacite deposit and the surrounding area. Methods. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, laser diffraction, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Results and conclusions. The paper introduces the experimental studies of surface atmospheric pollution by mining waste from the Ermakovskoe fluorite-bertrandite-phenakite deposit are presented using an installation for collecting aerosols above the sand surface. It was established that toxic components formed during the decomposition of residual sulfide mineralization and products of the interaction of acidic waters with rocks move from the sand thickness to the surface along with water vapor. The moisture condensed over the sand contains high contents of aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc, and phosphorus. These elements form a halo of air pollution over mining waste and are then dispersed by air currents into the surrounding area. In winter, due to wind dispersion of aerosols, the snow cover becomes contaminated over a vast area. Among the toxic elements found were beryllium, lead, cadmium, and molybdenum, which belong to the second hazard class. The solid residue of the snow cover contains a fine fraction of dust, the size of which is less than 10 microns. The halo of snow contamination with toxic chemical elements and dust extends several kilometers away from the disturbed lands.

The Impact of Nanocarbon Powder on the Characteristics of a Gel Propellant System with a High Concentration of Aluminum.

The addition of aluminum particles to a gel propellant has garnered attention through its potential for enhancing fuel properties. In order to enhance the energy performance of gel propellants, it is imperative to prepare gel propellants with high concentrations of aluminum. However, high-concentration aluminum-containing gels encounter two challenges. First, the combustion process leads to the agglomeration of aluminum particles, resulting in incomplete combustion. Additionally, elevated concentrations of aluminum particles increase the viscosity of the gel, impeding its atomization process and, subsequently, affecting combustion efficiency. These aforementioned issues pose practical obstacles for the application of high-concentration aluminum-containing gel propellants. In this research, a high-concentration aluminum-containing gel formulation was supplemented with nanocarbon powder. By investigating the impact of nanocarbon on various properties of the gel, its potential for addressing the above issues was analyzed. The investigation into the combustion performance of aluminum-containing gel blended with carbon powder revealed that the addition of 10 wt % nanocarbon powder to the gel system leads to a significant increase in the volumetric calorific value of the gel propellant by 21.21%. This enhancement not only improves the energy performance but also addresses the issue of incomplete combustion associated with aluminum. The rheology experiments conducted on gels demonstrate that the addition of nanocarbon powder results in an increased viscosity of the gel at lower shear rates, thereby enhancing its ability to withstand external disturbances during storage. Furthermore, this incorporation also enhances the gel's shear thinning properties, leading to a significant reduction in viscosity at higher shear rates and facilitating easier atomization of the gel system. In summary, the incorporation of nanocarbon powder can optimize the storage, atomization, and combustion processes of the gel, offering a straightforward and efficient approach to enhance the practical performance of metallized gel propellants.

Microbial communities of urban and industrial polluted soils in the Russian Arctic

The Russian Arctic presents a unique environment for studying the effects of anthropogenic pressure on soil microbial communities under severe climatic conditions. This study investigated the impact of chemical pollution on soil microbial properties by comparing urban and industrially polluted soils in Murmansk region with natural Podzols. Urban soils exhibited significant alterations, including shifts in pH and increased carbon and nutrient contents compared to natural soils. Industrially polluted soils near the copper‑nickel smelter were characterized by elevated heavy metal concentration, while those near the aluminum smelter showed high fluorine and aluminum content. In both cases, carbon content and pH remained similar to natural soils. Industrial emissions significantly changed the soil microbiome, with effects varying depending on the pollution source and chemical composition of the emissions. Soils near the copper‑nickel smelter showed a decline in bacterial gene copies and actinomycete mycelium length, with a predominance of Chloroflexii and Ascomycota. Conversely, soils near the aluminum smelter exhibited less pronounced changes, with Proteobacteria and Basidiomycota being prevalent. Despite these differences, both industrially impacted sites displayed reduced microbial diversity, regardless of the composition of the emissions. In contrast, urban soils demonstrated increased microbial diversity, likely attributed to the emergence of new, favorable ecological niches. Microbial communities in both cities were similar, dominated by Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, and displayed an increase in bacterial gene copies compared to natural soils. These findings highlight the contrasting influences of urban and industrial development on soil microbial communities. While industrial activities suppress microbial life, urbanization fosters the creation of new niches, promoting microbial diversity. This underscores the potential of urban soils to support diverse microbial communities, which is crucial for sustainable development and ecological strategies in Arctic cities.

Oxidation and interdiffusion behavior of NiAlY/AlCrTaTiZr coating on Fe–Cr alloy prepared by magnetron sputtering

An AlCrTaTiZr high-entropy alloy (HEA) as a diffusion barrier was prepared by sputtering to suppress interdiffusion across the NiAlY/Fe–Cr alloy interface. The oxidation and interdiffusion behavior of NiAlY coatings with and without the HEA diffusion barrier were investigated at 850 °C. The results indicate the oxidation mass gain of NiAlY and NiAlY/AlCrTaTiZr coatings were 0.45 and 0.39 mg cm−2 after 100 h, respectively. The thickness of the interdiffusion zone (IDZ) in the composite coating was thinner than that in the HEA-free layer. The HEA layer serves as an effective barrier against the interdiffusion between the NiAlY coating and the substrate, maintaining the high aluminium content in the coating and inhibiting the formation of brittle intermetallic phases in IDZ. Consequently, oxidation resistance of the composite coating is increased.

The Effect of Spray Distance on the Hot Corrosion Behavior of HVOF‐Sprayed NiCrAlY Coatings in a Simulated Gas Turbine Environment

ABSTRACTTo utilize the unique properties of coatings produced using the high‐velocity oxy‐fuel (HVOF) method, this study examined the effect of spray distance on the hot corrosion behavior of NiCrAlY coatings deposited on a steel substrate. The coating samples were obtained at spray distances of 20, 25, and 30 cm. The flow rates of oxygen and propane were maintained constant at 300 and 60 lit/min, respectively. Additionally, the powder feeding rate was 32 g/min. The samples were then subjected to the hot corrosion test in a salt mixture of Na2SO4−60% V2O5 at 900°C in an ambient atmosphere. The surface and the cross section of the samples were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the chemical composition of different sections was determined by energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The phases were also characterized using X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The best corrosion resistance was found in the sample coating formed at a spraying distance of 20 cm, as the results showed that increasing the spraying distance led to a reduction in the thermal and kinetic energy of the flame, resulting in increased porosity in the coating. This behavior can be attributed to the low oxide content of the coating, the higher aluminum content, and the richer NiAl phase, which serves as a reservoir for aluminum.

Diversidad y distribución de los helechos y licófitos de un bosque subandino del norte de los Andes

Background and aims: Ferns and lycophytes are highly diverse in Neotropical forests, and their distribution is influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors, including disturbance. This study analyzes the effect of some of these factors on the diversity of these plants in a sub-Andean forest. M&M: Four transects of 400 m2 (80×5 m) were established, two in highly disturbed sites, grassland, and stream edge, and two in the forest. Each transect was divided into 16 plots where all terrestrial and epiphytic individuals were recorded. Clustering analyses were performed to recognize the presence of floristic groups, and a canonical correlation analysis was performed to identify how soil chemistry and vegetation structure affect the composition and diversity of these plants. Results: A total of 4935 individuals were found, representing 42 species. Amauropelta rudis (Kunze) Pic. Serm. (2485 individuals) and Asplenium flabellulatum Kunze (1190 individuals) were the dominant terrestrial species. The clustering and ordination analyses revealed that the plots of open sites are more related to each other than to those of the forest. Species of open sites are more correlated with a lower layer of litter, a lower height and coverage of trees or saplings, a higher concentration of aluminum and a lower concentration of sodium. Conclusions: Ferns and lycophytes are influenced by the environmental, structural and disturbance conditions of the site where they grow. Key words Disturbance, diversity, edaphic factors, multivariate analysis, pteridophytes, richness, structural factors.

High Aluminum content in the aquifer of Camaçari industrial pole, state of Bahia, Brazil: Correlation with natural and anthropogenic environmental factors using multivariable analysis

<p class="MsoNormal">This work used multivariable analysis to correlate groundwater high aluminum content in the area of the Liquid Effluent Treatment Center—CETREL of the Camaçari Industrial Pole, with natural environmental factors: geology, hydrogeology, precipitation, soil and vegetation; and anthropic: equipments of treatment and disposal of industrial waste from CETREL. This company made available data from 99 monitoring wells, period 2006–2016, with aluminum content above (0.2mg/L) the limit established by the Ministry of Health Ordinance Nº 888, 5 April 2021. Previous studies have indicated that there is no correlation of aluminum in groundwater of the Camaçari Industrial Pole with other metallic contaminants; also, that aluminum in the studied region is disseminated in the geological matrix, clayey soils, and poor and leached Cerrado soils. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant correlation of high aluminum content with the treatment/disposal areas, geology, soil and vegetation; and no correlation with precipitation and hydrogeology. The four environmental factors indicating the highest average aluminum content (±C<sub>95%</sub>), in descending order, are: Clayey Soils, Organic Sludge Farm I, Marizal Formation, and Herbaceous-Subshrub Vegetation. The multivariable analysis indicated that, the most influential factors on the high aluminum content in groundwater of the CETREL region, are all ultimately associated with the leaching of aluminum present in the solid matrix. As CETREL processes are not correlated with aluminum residues, the results were an important information for the company environmental managers.</p>

High Aluminum content in the aquifer of Camaçari industrial pole, state of Bahia, Brazil: Correlation with natural and anthropogenic environmental factors using multivariable analysis

<p class="MsoNormal">This work used multivariable analysis to correlate groundwater high aluminum content in the area of the Liquid Effluent Treatment Center—CETREL of the Camaçari Industrial Pole, with natural environmental factors: geology, hydrogeology, precipitation, soil and vegetation; and anthropic: equipments of treatment and disposal of industrial waste from CETREL. This company made available data from 99 monitoring wells, period 2006–2016, with aluminum content above (0.2mg/L) the limit established by the Ministry of Health Ordinance Nº 888, 5 April 2021. Previous studies have indicated that there is no correlation of aluminum in groundwater of the Camaçari Industrial Pole with other metallic contaminants; also, that aluminum in the studied region is disseminated in the geological matrix, clayey soils, and poor and leached Cerrado soils. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant correlation of high aluminum content with the treatment/disposal areas, geology, soil and vegetation; and no correlation with precipitation and hydrogeology. The four environmental factors indicating the highest average aluminum content (±C<sub>95%</sub>), in descending order, are: Clayey Soils, Organic Sludge Farm I, Marizal Formation, and Herbaceous-Subshrub Vegetation. The multivariable analysis indicated that, the most influential factors on the high aluminum content in groundwater of the CETREL region, are all ultimately associated with the leaching of aluminum present in the solid matrix. As CETREL processes are not correlated with aluminum residues, the results were an important information for the company environmental managers.</p>

Revealing the environmental-assisted degeneration mechanism of an Al-containing dual-phase high entropy alloy in supercritical water

A dual-phase high entropy alloy (DP-HEA) containing 7.82 wt% Al was synthesized to withstand corrosive supercritical water. The long-term corrosion and quasi-static tensile tests reveal superior resistance to such environmental-assisted degeneration. The outstanding corrosion resistance can be attributed to the high aluminum content in B2 phase, which forms a continuous Al2O3 layer for protection, while the FCC phase is selectively corroded. Under external stress, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) initiates from surface oxide and penetrates uncompact mixed Cr/Al-rich oxide in deteriorated FCC regions or corroded phase interface, though network-shaped B2 can inhibit SCC propagation, which supports the brittle film rupture model.

Dietary burden of phosphorus and aluminum in ready-to-eat wheat flour tortillas exceed that of corn tortillas: Implications for patients with renal or cardiovascular disease.

Ready-to-eat, shelf-stable tortillas contain several phosphorus- and aluminum-containing additives that may increase the risk of adverse events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study analyzes and compares the elemental content of wheat flour and corn tortillas with special reference to dietary aluminum and phosphorus burden. Twenty-one elements were quantified by ICP-MS and ICP-OES in 14 corn and 13 wheat flour tortilla brands purchased from local supermarkets in Southern California. The aluminum and phosphorus concentrations of many ready-to-eat tortilla brands can present a daily dietary load of up to approximately 100 mg aluminum and 700 mg phosphorus based on an average daily tortilla intake of 330 grams. Ready-to-eat wheat flour tortillas generally had more phosphorus than corn tortillas. Tortillas with aluminum listed as a food additive contained a higher aluminum content than those without such listing, exceeding the tolerable weekly intake. Despite conventional wisdom that CKD patients should avoid phosphorus-rich corn tortillas, ready-to-eat wheat flour tortillas consistently had a higher aluminum and phosphorus content due to additives. CKD patients and healthcare providers should pay attention to food labels, and regulatory authorities should monitor the use of approved food additives and mandate food label warnings for patients at risk.

Damage and Recovery Behavior of Low-Replacement-Rate Fly Ash Concrete after Different High-Temperature Exposures.

This study focuses on investigating the strength recovery of fire-damaged fly ash concrete (FAC) with a low substitution rate of 10% through post-fire curing. The chemical and microstructural changes were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and nitrogen adsorption. The findings indicate that the incorporation of fly ash slightly enhanced the strength after exposure to 400 °C; this was attributed to improved pozzolanic reactions, which were not observed at higher temperatures of 600 °C and 800 °C. Moreover, a positive effect on the recovery of compressive strength was observed due to the pozzolanic reaction. However, due to the relatively low fly ash content, depletion occurred at a later age, resulting in the inability to inhibit microstructural damage caused by the production of portlandite, thereby weakening the compressive strength. Interestingly, fly ash influenced the morphology of calcium carbonate and calcium silicate hydrate crystals, which is potentially ascribed to the role of high aluminum content acting as a crystallization-guiding agent.

Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Al‐Containing Multicomponent Alloys for Hydrogen Storage and Compression

AbstractIn this paper, compositions within the TiZrAlCrMn, TiZrAlCrFe, and TiZrAlMnFe alloy systems that form the C14 Laves phase are investigated. The design, synthesis, structural, and hydrogen storage characterizations for an equiatomic and a non‐equiatomic composition for each alloy system are presented. Additionally, the further development of a thermodynamic method for the calculation of pressure‐composition‐isotherms (PCIs) is presented of C14 Laves phase alloys that absorb hydrogen by solid solution. Overall, the results shown in this paper indicate that Al‐containing multicomponent alloys can present promising hydrogen storage performance under high pressures. Nonetheless, high concentrations of aluminum in highly concentrated (equiatomic) alloys can have a negative impact on the hydrogenation properties. The Ti0.29Zr0.05Al0.05Cr0.26Mn0.35 composition showed promising hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties. The gravimetric capacity of this alloy is ≈1.76 wt.% H2 and the PCIs measured indicate that this material has potential for high‐pressure hydrogen storage and compression applications. The use of the presented thermodynamic model for the design of multicomponent alloys is suggested.

Integrating geochemical insights and remote sensing for enhanced identification of hydrothermal alterations in the Igoudrane region, Anti-Atlas, Morocco

The Moroccan Anti-Atlas is distinguished for its significant mining potential. The Igoudrane region, which is the focus of this study, is located within the Imiter inlier, one of the notable inliers of the eastern Anti-Atlas. The current study aims to evaluate the mineralogical and geochemical composition of the rocks in the Igoudrane area using the ICP-MS with 4 acids, besides identifying the hydrothermal alteration indexes using major elements provided by the geochemical data, and remote sensing techniques. The study was accomplished using the thin sections for mineralogical description, as well as the ICP-MS with 4 acids, which provides data on major, trace, and rare earth elements. The alteration indexes employed were the Ishikawa alteration index (AI), the Chlorite Saturation Index (CSI), the Sericite Saturation Index (SSI) and the Alteration Intensity coefficient (AIC). These indexes were complemented by a chloritization and sericitization mapping using the SWIR-VNIR data of ASTER. We employed the band ratios of chlorite [(B6 + B9)/(B7 + B8)] and sericite [(B5 + B7)/B6], achieving an accuracy of 80.95% for sericite and approximately 85.71% for chlorite. The mineralogical and geochemical study revealed the presence of granodiorites, granites, monzonites, monzo-diorites, diorites, gabbro, and gabbro-diorites, andesites, rhyolites, and trachydacites. These rocks belong to a highly potassic calc-alkaline and peraluminous series, which are fairly typical of granitoids of mixed origin. The plutonic rocks of Igoudrane were formed across diverse geodynamic contexts, ranging from pre-plate to post-collisional settings, and the volcanic rocks were emplaced in geodynamic settings, which are island arcs or active continental margins. The quasi-positive correlation observed in the Al vs. CSI and SSI diagrams reveals that higher aluminum content is linked to increased chloritization and sericitization intensities. Furthermore, The AIC values of the Igoudrane rocks were ranging between 52.25% and 67.53%, indicating that they have undergone moderate to high chemical alteration. The remote sensing techniques employed improve the distribution of these alteration minerals.

Characterization of aerosol composition: Insights from SEM-EDX analysis and CALIPSO overpasses

The effect of atmospheric aerosols on the earth’s radiation budget is primarily through their direct effects. Understanding aerosols’ morphology and elemental composition is crucial in this context. For two years, from January 2017 to December 2018, aerosol samples (PM10) were collected on quartz filter papers using a high-volume sampler (PM10) in Chennai, a semi-urban coastal environment located at 12.81°N, 80.03°E. These filter papers were stored under ambient laboratory conditions and were subsequently subjected to ultrasonication using ethanol as the solvent to separate the aerosols from the filters. The extracted samples were then analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphology and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for elemental composition. The EDX analysis of the samples revealed the presence of various elements such as carbon (C), oxygen (O), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), potassium (K), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), vanadium (V), bismuth (Bi), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), phosphorus (P), and technetium (Tc). High concentrations of carbon, oxygen, and aluminum–silicate particles indicated the presence of carbonaceous aerosols and wind-blown dust particles. Concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis was carried out to assess the transport pathways of aerosols in the region. CALIPSO overpasses during the study period were selected, and the Vertical Feature Mask (VFM) identifiers for different aerosol types were compared with the local experimental results. The findings show that CALIPSO possess a reasonably effective capability in detecting and characterizing the local aerosol types. CALIPSO detected Dusty marine, Clean marine, Elevated smoke and Polluted dust in the study area across all four seasons. These findings closely match the characteristics of such aerosol types obtained from SEM/EDX analysis, HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) modeling, and the Angstrom exponent derived from sunphotometer readings.