High Working Temperature Research Articles

4H-SiCδn-i-p Extreme Ultraviolet Detector With Gradient Doping-Induced Surface Junction

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) detectors are key components required in many critical applications. In this work, a high-performance 4H-SiC <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta \text{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -i-p EUV detector with gradient doping-induced surface junction is designed and fabricated. The detector demonstrates ultra-low leakage current and excellent photo-response uniformity across the ~6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> photo-sensitive area. Under photovoltaic operation mode, the detector exhibits high responsivity of 0.104 A/W and corresponding quantum efficiency of 960%@13.5 nm, which are close to the theoretical limit. Meanwhile, the equivalent noise power of the device under 0 V bias is determined to be <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.35\times {10}^{\text {-12}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> W by 1/f noise test, proving that the device has a very low noise level and corresponding high detectivity. In addition, the high-temperature working capability and radiation-resistant performance of the EUV detector are preliminarily verified.

Toward extreme high-temperature supercritical CO2 power cycles: Leakage characterization of ceramic 3D-printed heat exchangers

Future supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO 2 ) Brayton power cycles demand high-performance gas-to-gas heat exchangers (HXs) operating under extreme temperature and pressure conditions at which most existing superalloy materials fail to function safely. Ceramic HXs are deemed excellent candidates for advanced sCO 2 power plants as they can withstand high-temperature working environments. Particularly, ceramic 3D printing enables compact HX topologies employing complex and efficient heat transfer features. However, ceramic 3D-printed walls separating hot and cold flow streams are susceptible to a through-plane leakage inherent to a powder-based manufacturing process, including ceramic 3D printing. A potential leakage through ceramic separating walls poses a significant challenge in developing reliable ceramic 3D-printed HXs and could deteriorate thermal performance. In this study, various parameters, including feedstock slurry, 3D-printing direction, and post-processing conditions, are considered, for the first time, to characterize the argon gas leakage rate associated with alumina 3D-printed parts. Three 3D-printed ceramic structures of flat plates, curved tubes, and small-scale plate-and-frame HXs with various thicknesses are systematically studied to determine powder and ceramic 3D-printing conditions to eliminate the through-plane leakage. The results showed that an alumina 3D-printed plate with a thickness of 0.75 mm demonstrates a permeability of 6 × 10 −4 milli-darcy. An alumina 3D-printed tube with a wall thickness of 0.9 mm revealed a permeability of 9.6 × 10 −7 milli-darcy. Furthermore, leakage test results of functional 3D-printed modules showed a dependency on the 3D-printing direction. Particularly, alumina cell-scale HXs employing 1.5-mm-thick horizontal and vertical 3D-printed separating walls demonstrated impermeability and gas permeability of 7.2 × 10 −5 millidarcy, respectively. Insights gained from the present study facilitate the development of complex ceramic 3D-printed HXs and other balance of plant components for next-generation high-temperature high-pressure sCO 2 power cycles. • Gas leakage rates of ceramic 3D-printed modules, including flat plates, curved tubes, and heat exchangers, were examined. • Effects of feedstock slurry, 3D-printing direction, and post-processing conditions on leakage rate, were considered. • Enhancing the slurry quality resulted in a noticeable decrease in the leakage rate of alumina 3D-printed modules. • At the same wall thickness, a horizontal alumina 3D-printed wall shows a lower leakage rate than a vertical wall

Research on the Mobile Refrigeration System at a High Temperature Working Face of an Underground Mine

With an increase in mining depth, the problem of heat damage in metal mine working face has become increasingly prominent. In order to effectively reduce the temperature of the working face and provide a comfortable working environment for the miners, based on the concept of “cooling on demand”, a mobile refrigeration system for high-temperature working face was designed, and a field test was carried out in Dahongshan Copper Mine, Yunnan Province. At the same time, based on the experimental conditions, the parameter optimization research of the mobile refrigeration system was carried out. The results showed that: (1) The mobile refrigeration system could reduce the wet bulb temperature of the working face at the test site to below 30 °C, which is in line with the “Safety Regulations for Metal and Non-Metallic Mines” (GB16423-2020); (2) when the diameter of the air supply pipe was 600 mm and the air supply velocity was 12 m/s, the target cooling area could meet the continuous operation requirements stipulated in the “Safety Regulations for Metal and Non-metallic Mines” in China; (3) for every 2 °C decrease in supply air temperature, the average wet bulb temperature in the target cooling area decreased by 0.9 °C; (4) for every 10% decrease in supply air humidity, the wet bulb temperature and relative humidity in the target cooling area decreased by 0.76 °C and 4.38% on average, respectively. The research results provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and control of heat damage in metal mines.

Structural Optimization and Thermal Management with PCM-Honeycomb Combination for Photovoltaic-Battery Integrated System

Power lithium–ion batteries retired from the electric vehicles (EVs) are confronting many problems such as environment pollution and energy dissipation. Traditional photovoltaic (PV) battery systems are exhibiting many issues such as being bulky and expensive, high working temperature, and short service span. In order to address these problems, in this study, a novel PV–battery device integrating PV controllers and battery module into an independent device is proposed. Phase change material (PCM) as the energy storage material has been utilized in battery module, and the aluminum honeycomb is combined with PCM to improve the heat conductivity under natural convection conditions. Three types of PV battery systems including the general PV–battery integrated system (G–PBIS), honeycomb PV–battery integrated system (H–PBIS), and honeycomb–paraffin PV–battery integrated system (HP–PBIS) have been investigated in detail. The results reveal that the maximum temperature of the HP–PBIS coupling with the double–layer10×165×75 mm3PCM was reduced to 53.72°C, exhibiting an optimum cooling effect among various PV battery systems. Thus, it can be concluded that the aluminum honeycomb provides the structural reliability and good thermal conductivity, and the PCM surrounding battery module can control the temperature rising and balance the temperature uniformly. Besides, the optimum PV–battery integrated system performs a promising future in energy storage fields.

Highly stable hydrogen sensing properties of Pt–ZnO nanoparticle layers deposited on an alumina substrate for high-temperature industrial applications

Platinum (Pt)-decorated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NP) layers were deposited on an alumina (Al2O3) substrate via a magnetron sputtering method, and the resulting Pt–ZnO NP-based sensor was used to detect hydrogen (H2) gas at a high operating temperature of 300 °C, revealing its extremely stable H2 detection properties. Samples of the sensor were characterized using scanning electron, transmission, and atomic force microscopies; X-ray diffractometry; and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the optimal structure that exhibits the best sensing performance, prepared by changing the deposition rate and annealing conditions. At a high working temperature of 300 °C, the sensor exhibits resistance changes in the presence of H2 and perfect reversibility in the absence of H2. The fabricated device exhibits a detection range of 100–40,000 ppm and fast response (recovery) time of 133 (112) s toward 1000 ppm (1 vol%) of H2 at 300 °C, with good selectivity. Moreover, the sensor shows highly stable base resistance (~132.5 Ω) and response towards H2 (~14.9%) over long time periods. Thus, the obtained Pt–ZnO/Al2O3 material shows high potential for use in high-temperature working environments where high-performance H2 gas sensors are required.

A Zero-Strain Insertion Cathode Material for Room-Temperature Fluoride-Ion Batteries.

A fluoride-ion battery (FIB) is a novel type of energy storage system that has a higher volumetric energy density and low cost. However, the high working temperature (>150 °C) and unsatisfactory cycling performance of cathode materials are not favorable for their practical application. Herein, fluoride ion-intercalated CoFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) (CoFe-F LDH) was prepared by a facile co-precipitation approach combined with ion-exchange. The CoFe-F LDH shows a reversible capacity of ∼50 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at room temperature. Although there is still a big gap between FIBs and lithium-ion batteries, the CoFe-F LDH is superior to most cathode materials for FIBs. Another important advantage of CoFe-F LDH FIBs is that they can work at room temperature, which has been rarely achieved in previous reports. The superior performance stems from the unique topochemical transformation property and small volume change (∼0.82%) of LDH in electrochemical cycles. Such a tiny volume change makes LDH a zero-strain cathode material for FIBs. The 2D diffusion pathways and weak interaction between fluoride ions and host layers facilitate the de/intercalation of fluoride ions, accompanied by the chemical state changes of Co2+/Co3+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ couples. First-principles calculations also reveal a low F- diffusion barrier during the cyclic process. These findings expand the application field of LDH materials and propose a novel avenue for the designs of cathode materials toward room-temperature FIBs.

Lightning Protection, Cost Analysis and Improved Efficiency of Solar Power Plant for Irrigation System

The constraints in the path of sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient photovoltaic power supply to the irrigation system in remote areas are addressed in this work. The intrinsic thermal losses in the PV system due to high working temperature and shading losses that are caused by dirt are mitigated through water cleaning mechanisms. Moreover, the protection against lightning strikes and surges is assimilated in the system to ensure the durability of the PV system. Lastly, cost analysis of 0.4 MW PV plant for the Area of 7444.69 m2 has been performed by the Homer Pro, and comparison is made with the same size of a Hydro power plant to estimate the economic feasibility of power generation for the purpose of irrigation through the pump house. The water-cooling mechanism resulted in the gain of one volt per panel of 260 W, which is a significant improvement with regard to collective PV plant generation. As the water cleaning mechanism for dust removal is accompanied with the cooling process, it results in the two volts rise per panel. Additionally, a cost analysis of 0.4 MW PV system provided a significant budget saving estimating USD ~2 million as compared to that of a Hydel power plant of the same size.

Techno-economic optimisation of a sodium–chloride salt heat exchanger for concentrating solar power applications

To enhance the economic viability of Concentrating solar power (CSP) plant, recent efforts have been directed towards employing high-temperature working fluid in the receiver and incorporating higher-efficiency power cycles. This work presents a techno-economic analysis of a sodium–chloride salt heat exchanger included in a sodium-driven CSP system with a supercritical CO2 power block. A quasi-steady state heat exchanger model was developed based on the TEMA guidelines, with the possibility of being customised in terms of media adopted, constraints, boundary conditions, and heat transfer correlations. The sodium–salt heat exchanger has been designed aiming at minimising the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of the plant. The performance and the design of the proposed heat exchanger have been evaluated via multi-objective optimisation and sensitivity analyses. Results show that advanced CSP systems employing sodium and an indirect chloride salt storage can represent an economically viable solution and can drive towards the future goal of 5 USD/MWh. For a base-case 100 MWe plant with 12 h of storage, a LCOE of 72.7 USD/MWh and a capacity factor (CF) higher than 60% were reached. The techno-economic investigations showed the potential LCOE reduction of 6% as well as the flexibility and robustness of the heat exchanger model. The developed tool lays the groundwork to explore potential improvements of this new generation of CSP systems.

Synergistic Effect of MIL-101/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites on High-Pressure Ammonia Uptake.

Ammonia has emerged as a potential working fluid in adsorption heat pumps (AHPs) for clean energy conversion. It would be necessary to develop an efficient adsorbent with high-density ammonia uptake under high gas pressures in the low-temperature range for waste heat. Herein, a porous nanocomposite with MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 (MIL-A) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was developed to enhance the ammonia adsorption capacity over high ammonia pressures (3–5 bar) and low working temperatures (20–40 °C). A one-pot hydrothermal reaction could form a two-dimensional sheet-like nanocomposite where MIL-A nanoparticles were well deposited on the surface of rGO. The MIL-A nanoparticles were shown to grow on the rGO surface through chemical bonding between chromium metal centers in MIL-A and oxygen species in rGO. We demonstrated that the nanocomposite with 2% GO showed higher ammonia uptake capacity at 5 bar compared with pure MIL-A and rGO. Our strategy to incorporate rGO with MIL-A nanoparticles would further be generalizable to other metal–organic frameworks for improving the ammonia adsorption capacity in AHPs.

Numerical simulation and analysis of the thermal stresses of a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell

ABSTRACT Hydrogen production using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is a highly efficient and low-carbon pathway to generate high purity hydrogen. However, high working temperatures may result in high thermal stress due to a mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between components with a nonuniform temperature distribution. Serious stress concentration may lead to structural failure of the SOEC stack. Hence, this work investigated the thermal stress of SOECs through a three-dimensional planar SOEC unit model. A stress analysis method was proposed via a multi-physics coupling model of SOECs using Comsol Multiphysics software. The impacts of voltage, flow direction, water mole fraction, and operating pressure on the thermal stress were evaluated. Numerical results show that the highest maximum principal stress is located in the electrolyte in the SOEC unit. Raising the water mole fraction and the CTE of the electrolyte could reduce the thermal stress if the voltage is below the thermoneutral voltage.

Design optimization and structural assessment of a header and coil steam generator for load-following solar tower plants

The aim of this work is to explore the capabilities, from heat transfer and structural point of view, of a novel header and coil steam generator for a 100 MWe solar tower plant using molten-salt as heat transfer fluid. A methodology for the design and economic optimization of the header and coil steam generator is presented, paying special attention to the structural assessment which considers complex phenomena such creep-fatigue and stress relaxation due to the high working temperatures of solar tower plants. The results showed that header and coil steam generators provide economically effective overall heat transfer coefficients with lower pressure drops on the shell side compared to conventional shell-and-tube steam generators, leading to a reduction in the annual pumping costs of around 3.6 times. The structural assessment reveals that the critical points are located in the headers of superheater, reheater and evaporator. Different redesign actions have been performed to increase the lifetime in the critical points without affecting to the optimum thermo-economic solutions. Finally, the results showed that the header and coil steam generator is able to operate with fast daily startups at 6.1 K/min, a ramp-up 2.4 times higher than conventional shell-and-tube steam generators.

Conductometric room temperature ammonia sensor based on porous tin oxide

Metal oxide based chemi-resistive sensors are widely accepted for detection of –pollutants in gaseous or aqueous form due to appealing selectivity and stability. Unfortunately, the high working temperature restrict their utilization in many field. Here, we present the room temperature self-recovered NH3 gas sensor based on porous tin oxide, synthesized by sequential elemental de-alloying technique. Interestingly, sensor is capable to detect the ammonia in wide range of concentration from 1 ppb to 10,000 ppm with fast, stable and reproducible response in fully humid (FH, > 90% relative humidity (RH)) atmosphere. Surprisingly, the sensor is ultra-selective towards ammonia as compared to other analytes like acetone, ethanol, toluene, methanol, chloroform and other gases, present in the atmosphere, in conjunction with long term stability, external stimuli free recovery and ultra-fast recovery time being 1.5 s for a concentration of 1 ppb and 4.5 s in highest concentration of 10,000 ppm. The self-recovery and ultra-fast response is due to its self-power generation capability. Overall, the results advocate the fabrication of porous metal oxide based NH3 sensor with high selectivity, reproducibility, ultra-fast recovery and stimuli free self-recovery for room temperature (RT) operation.

All-in-one electrochromic transparency-tuning window with an integrated metal-mesh heating film

Electrochromic (EC) smart windows with transparency-tuning capability can provide buildings with effective sun-shading and privacy to occupants at low energy consumption. The essential requirements to EC windows are fast response, dynamic tunability and low-cost. Recent development in all-in-one electrochromic devices (ECDs) which combines electrolyte, EC and ion storage functions in a single gel has the advantage of single layer structure and can be manufactured in large areas at low cost. However, the coloring voltage and time of all-in-one ECDs can be influenced by the viscosity of active gel. By raising the working temperature, the ECD may have faster response time and lower coloring voltage due to reduced gel viscosity. To enable high working temperature, a high conductivity and high transparency metal-mesh heating film was integrated to an EC window glass. The coloring performance of the EC window was investigated at different heating temperatures compared to its room temperature performance. It was found that working at 70 °C the coloring efficiency was doubled and the response speed of the device is five times faster than that at room temperature. The integrated metal-mesh heating film also brought added benefits such as defog and defrost for car windshield.

Effects of Thermal Gradients in High-Temperature Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Tests.

Ultrasonic inspection techniques and non-destructive tests are widely applied in evaluating products and equipment in the oil, petrochemical, steel, naval, and energy industries. These methods are well established and efficient for inspection procedures at room temperature. However, errors can be observed in the positioning and sizing of the flaws when such techniques are used during inspection procedures under high working temperatures. In such situations, the temperature gradients generate acoustic anisotropy and consequently distortion of the ultrasonic beams. Failure to consider such distortions in ultrasonic signals can result, in extreme situations, in mistaken decision making by inspectors and professionals responsible for guaranteeing product quality or the integrity of the evaluated equipment. In this scenario, this work presents a mathematical tool capable of mitigating positioning errors through the correction of focal laws. For the development of the tool, ray tracing concepts are used, as well as a model of heat propagation in solids and an experimentally defined linear approximation of dependence between sound speed and temperature. Using the focal law correction tool, the relative firing delays of the active elements are calculated considering the temperature gradients along the sonic path, and the results demonstrate a reduction of more than in the error of flaw positioning.

Detection and evaluation of cavitation in the stator of a torque converter using pressure measurement

Cavitation is a transient phase transition between liquid and vapor, and it often occurs in fluid machinery, especially in a hydraulic torque converter that uses oil as the working medium to transmit speed and torque. The complex and strongly coupled fluid flow in the torque converter is prone to cavitation due to high rotating speed and high-temperature working conditions. Cavitation seriously affects the working performance, transmission smoothness, and service life of the torque converter. The flow pressure in the stator of a torque converter under various charging conditions and high rotating speeds was measured. The pressure data on the stator blade were analyzed in the time domain and frequency domain to identify and evaluate the cavitation characteristic. The transient cavitation flow inside the torque converter was also simulated with the computational fluid dynamics model. The results show that the shedding of cavitation seriously reduced the hydraulic performance, hindered the fluid flow, and destroyed the stability of the flow field. Moreover, cavitation aggravates the complexity and nonlinearity of the pressure frequency and hydraulic performance oscillation of the torque converter, and seriously affected the shaft/blade interaction frequency between the pump and stator. Meanwhile, the occurrence and degree of cavitation in the torque converter can be evaluated by APS.shaft/APS.blade (the amplitude ratio of the shaft interaction frequency and blade interaction frequency between pump and stator) with spectrum analysis of the dynamic pressure, and the critical value was 1.6 for the test torque converter. The research revealed the influence of cavitation on the internal flow field of the torque converter and provided a novel practical cavitation evaluation technique.

NUMERICAL MODELING OF CYCLOTRON FLOW ACCELERATION MODES IN AERODYNAMIC MODULES OF SOLAR AEROBARIC POWER PLANTS

When constructing solar aerobaric power plants, it is necessary to develop effective ways to accelerate convective flows initiated by the action of a high-temperature working fluid heated due to the concentration of solar radiation, accumulation of dissipated heat losses and the use of the greenhouse effect. As an option for organizing the flow in the aerodynamic module of the solar aerobaric power plants, article considered a diagram of the cyclotron acceleration of the flow during horizontal and vertical transfer of convective air currents formed in cells containing alternately located cold and hot side boundaries and differently heated upper and lower bases.

A stable quasi-solid electrolyte improves the safe operation of highly efficient lithium-metal pouch cells in harsh environments

Nanoconfined/sub-nanoconfined solvent molecules tend to undergo dramatic changes in their properties and behaviours. In this work, we find that unlike typical bulk liquid electrolytes, electrolytes confined in a sub-nanoscale environment (inside channels of a 6.5 Å metal-organic framework, defined as a quasi-solid electrolyte) exhibits unusual properties and behaviours: higher boiling points, highly aggregated configurations, decent lithium-ion conductivities, extended electrochemical voltage windows (approximately 5.4 volts versus Li/Li+) and nonflammability at high temperatures. We incorporate this interesting electrolyte into lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) and find that LMBs cycled in the quasi-solid electrolyte demonstrate an electrolyte interphase-free (CEI-free) cathode and dendrite-free Li-metal surface. Moreover, high-voltage LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//Li (NCM-811//Li with a high NCM-811 mass loading of 20 mg cm−2) pouch cells assemble with the quasi-solid electrolyte deliver highly stable electrochemical performances even at a high working temperature of 90 °C (171 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles, 89% capacity retention; 164 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles even after being damaged). This strategy for fabricating nonflammable and ultrastable quasi-solid electrolytes is promising for the development of safe and high-energy-density LIBs/LMBs for powering electronic devices under various practical working conditions.

Heat up impact on thermal stresses in SOFC for mobile APU applications: Thermo-structural analysis

Because of its high efficiency, fuel flexibility, and high-quality waste heat for cogeneration requirements, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a potential fuel cell type for power generation in a variety of applications. High working temperatures provide these benefits, but they also come with drawbacks, such as restrictions on the operating environment, problems with thermal management, long on/off times, and the issue of selecting appropriate materials to assure compatibility of the physical material properties of the fuel cell stack components. However, the elevated process temperatures of the SOFC system result in technical challenges. The heat-up stage is a critical issue for the SOFC stack, since the transient process conditions lead to thermal gradients which are combined with material gradients. The result is a mismatch in the thermal–mechanical material behavior inducing high thermal stresses, which in turn affect the functionality of the fuel cell stack. In the SOFC stack under consideration, a glass ceramic joint is used to ensure reliable sealing between cells. This region is identified to be at risk, due to high thermal stresses. In this study the computational modeling approach is applied to predict the thermal-structural response of the stack components to different heat-up strategies and investigate the system with respect to fuel cell temperature, thermal gradients, and induced stresses. Computational thermal and structural results for time dependent heat-up speeds are presented and compared. Essentially, running the process with a constant speed would not provide an optimized solution. Instead, the obtained results show that the heat-up speed should be adjusted to achieve the desired state of fuel cell temperature, reduced thermal gradients and stresses. This target can be met by applying mathematical modeling approach, since experimental analysis are time and cost consuming.

Refractory All-Ceramic Thermal Emitter for High-Temperature Near-Field Thermophotovoltaics

Thermophotovoltaics is a promising technology for heat recovery and has garnered tremendous attention in the last decades. This work theoretically evaluates the performance of a thermophotovoltaic system equipped with refractory all-ceramic selective thermal emitters made of boron carbide, silicon carbide and beryllium oxide for a high working temperature of 2000 ∘C, which corresponds to the external quantum efficiency of a SiC/Si tandem cell. The influence of thickness and filling ratio on the emissivity of thermal emitters over the wavelength ranging from 0.2 μm to 2.5 μm is studied. The corresponding spectral heat flux and output power are analyzed as well. For a specific configuration, the parameters for the thermophotovoltaic system are obtained, including short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor, total heat flux, output power and conversion efficiency. The proposed all-ceramic thermal emitter ensures the robustness in the high-temperature working condition due to its thermal stability. The tuning of emissivity is achieved and analyzed based on distinct emitter nanostructures, and the further influence on the thermophotovoltaic system performance is deeply explored. This work sheds light on research of high-temperature thermal management and power generation.

K2CO3–Li2CO3 molten carbonate mixtures and their nanofluids for thermal energy storage: An overview of the literature

The research and development of new thermal energy storage materials with high working temperatures are key topics to increase the efficiency of thermal energy to electricity conversion. The use of molten salt combinations with a wide range of operating temperatures is one of the ways to fulfil this purpose, and among them, molten carbonates present several advantages, such as high thermal stability, moderate cost, and less corrosiveness, compared to other molten salt mixtures. The present work contains a state-of-the-art review of the most important thermophysical properties for the thermal energy storage capacity of binary mixtures of potassium and lithium carbonates (K2CO3–Li2CO3). The available literature on the properties that play a key role in the heat transfer rate (viscosity and thermal conductivity) and volumetric storage capacity (melting point, density, latent heat of fusion and specific heat) is reviewed and presented. This includes the works that deal with nanofluids based on these binary mixtures of molten carbonates by analysing the influence of nanoparticles on thermophysical properties. Special attention is paid to specific heat as abnormal increases are registered in molten salts when introducing nanoparticles. Although future research is necessary about the thermophysical properties enhancement of these materials, the advanced capacities they offer for high-temperature thermal energy storage are promising, and this work aims to compile the available data on them until the present day.