High-voltage Pulsed Power Generators Research Articles

High-Voltage Pulsed Power Generator for Beam Injection Systems

Beam injection systems in hadron colliders require kickers generating ±50 kV peak voltages into a 50 Ω impedance, with peak currents of 1000 A and sub-10 ns rise and fall times. This paper presents a novel high-voltage pulse power generator utilizing a distributed pulser architecture. It combines gallium nitride (GaN) transistors in a Marx topology with an inductive adder, achieving nanosecond-scale switching speeds and high-power efficiency. Compared to other solutions such as based on MOSFETs or fast ionization dynistors, our development offers superior peak and average power performance, reduced system complexity, and enhanced reliability, marking a significant step forward in high-voltage pulse generation for accelerator applications.

A solid-state pulse power sub-nanosecond SiC DSRD-based generator with high-voltage and high repetition frequency for pulse discharge water treatment

Water treatment is one of the most important issues for all walks of life around the world. The unique advantages of the solid-state power electronic pulses in water treatment make it attractive and promising in practical applications. The output voltage, rising time, repetition rate, and peak power of output pulses have a significant impact on the effectiveness of water treatment. Especially in pulse electric field treatment and pulse discharge treatment, the pulse with fast rising time achieves the advantage of generating plasma without corona, which can avoid water heating effect and greatly improve the efficiency of the pulse generator. High repetition rate can significantly reduce the peak power requirement of the pulse in water treatment application, making the equipment smaller and improving the power density. Therefore, the study developed a high-voltage high frequency sub-nanosecond pulse power generator (PPG) system for wastewater treatment. It adopts SiC DSRD (Drift Step Recovery Diode) solid-state switches and realize modular design, which can achieve high performance and can be flexible expanded according to the requirements of water treatment capacity. Finally, an expandable high-voltage PPG for water treatment is built. The output parameters of the PPG include output pulse voltage range from 1 to 5.28kV, rise time <600 ps (20%-90%), repetition up to 1MHz. The experiment results of PPG application for pulse discharge water treatment is presented. The results indicate that the proposed generator achieves high-efficiency degradation of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP), which is one of the most common chlorophenol compounds in wastewater. From experiment, the homemade system can degrade 450mL waste water containing 500mg/L 4-CP in 35min, with a degradation rate of 98%. Thereby, the requirement for electric field intensity decreased. Through the further quantitative analysis, the impact of frequency, voltage, and electrode spacing on the degradation effect of 4-CP is confirmed.

A Solid-State Bipolar Pulse Power Generator for Dielectric Barrier Discharge Applications

This article provides a distinctive unipolar/bipolar high voltage pulse power generator (PPG) architecture that produces exponential waveform with a rise time in the range of nanosecond. The setup is fit for dielectric barrier discharge applications, in practice. In this work, a push-pull circuit with a three-winding transformer is utilized on the charging side, as well as a quasi-resonant between the transformer leakage inductance and the capacitor on the discharging side to boost the voltage gain. As a result of the two windings on the primary side, and the bidirectional switches on the high voltage side, the tool offers either unipolar or bipolar high voltage pulses from a relatively low dc source. In addition to accomplishing the high gain objective, the effort focuses on lowering the number of circuit elements in contrast to previously studied topologies. The generator functions in discontinuous conduction mode, which enhances system efficiency by allowing complete positive and/or negative waves to be generated while lessening conduction losses. The pulse generator operation intervals are described in depth. The simulation results will demonstrate how this topology outperforms the prior models. Moreover, a 1000-V experimental prototype is also implemented to validate the projected PPG-enhanced properties in real-time.

EMC Modeling and Conducted EMI Analysis for a Pulsed Power Generator System Including an AC–DC–DC Power Supply

High-voltage (HV) pulsed power generators are very important in plasma generation in corona discharge reactors. With the advent of new fast switches technologies such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise in such systems are very challenging. In this article, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) modeling and conducted EMI analysis for a pulse generator including an ac-dc-dc power supply are developed. Moreover, the common mode (CM) EMI noise propagation through the system is discussed and the noise sources and effect of each component on the noise flowing are analyzed. The ac-dc-dc power supply role is also investigated and since there is an isolation stage in the system, the effect of high-frequency (HF) transformers that provide a flowing path for noise is also studied. In addition, the CM impedance of different parts of the system as well as the noise voltage are discussed by regarding different values for parasitic parameters of the system. As the system noise level could not meet IEC61800-3 standard, EMI attenuation techniques were applied to the system. By using balance technique and adding filtering inductor as a decoupling inductance, the EMI noise is reduced. Furthermore, an EMI filter optimized and designed for the power supply system that could reduce the EMI noise level. However, by using some EMI reduction techniques that are explained in this article, the size of the required EMI filter is reduced. In this article, EMC modeling, conducted EMI analysis, and EMI reduction techniques led to higher performance and efficiency and lower size of EMI filter that reduced the overall size of the system.

A Modular Topology of Marx Generator Using Buck–Boost Converter

In this paper, a high-voltage unipolar pulse power generator is introduced for electroporation applications. Operating principle of the proposed structure is based on the buck-boost (BB) converter. The generator is comprised of parallel modules connected to the converter through an SCR and is supplied by a low-voltage dc source. Each module consists of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), two diodes, and a capacitor. In fact, the proposed topology is a combination of the Marx generator and BB (MG-BB) converter. In comparison with other modular MG-BB structures, the proposed topology achieves interesting advantages including simpler structure, reduction of IGBTs voltage rating, and reducing number of components (inductors and switches). In order to clarify the features of the proposed structure, it has been compared with other unipolar MGs considering different aspects including the number of circuit components, number of required input supplies, amplitude of the output pulse, and the maximum voltage across switches and diodes. To validate the effectiveness of the structure, simulation and experimental results are presented. The results confirm that the proposed topology is capable of generating unipolar pulses with desirable amplitude and repetition frequency using a low-voltage dc supply.

高電圧刺激による原木栽培ナメコの収量増加におけるパルス幅の影響と投与エネルギー依存性

Effect of electrical stimulation on yield of Pholiota microspora in log cultivation was investigated experimentally. The pulsed voltage was generated by two types of high-voltage pulsed power generator, based on Cockcroft-Walton circuit and Marx generator in order to evaluate an influence of the applied voltage pulse width. The input energy was controlled by number of the pulsed voltage applying. The pulsed voltage was applied to the cultivation log before harvest of first flush. The fruit body yield was evaluated by total weight harvested during two harvest seasons. The experimental results showed that the fruit body yield increased to be 1.5-3.0 times higher by applying pulse voltage. The fruit body yield in the second season also increased by pulse voltage applying at former harvest season. This result indicates that the pulse high-voltage stimulation affect the yield at not only same harvest season but also next harvest season. The yield increment is mainly determined by input energy into cultivation log.

Development of multi-way high-voltage nanosecond rectangle wave pulsed power generator

Development of multi-way high-voltage nanosecond rectangle wave pulsed power generator

High-Voltage Modular Switched Capacitor Pulsed Power Generator

Utilization of power electronics converters in pulsed power applications introduced a new series of reliable, long life, and cost-effective pulse generators. However, these converters suffer from the limited power ratings of semiconductor switches, which necessitate introduction of a new family of modular topologies. This paper proposes a modular power electronics converter based on voltage multiplier as a high voltage pulsed power generator. This modular circuit is able to generate flexible high output voltage from low input voltage sources. Circuit topology and operational principles of proposed topology are verified via experimental and simulation results as well as theoretical analysis.

150 kV全固态高压脉冲发生器设计

150 kV全固态高压脉冲发生器设计

High-Current Linear Transformer Driver Development at Sandia National Laboratories

Most of the modern high-current high-voltage pulsed power generators require several stages of pulse conditioning (pulse forming) to convert the multimicrosecond pulses of the Marx generator output to the 40-300-ns pulses required by a number of applications including X-ray radiography, pulsed high-current linear accelerators, Z-pinch, isentropic compression, and inertial fusion energy drivers. This makes the devices large, cumbersome to operate, and expensive. Sandia, in collaboration with a number of other institutions, is developing a new paradigm in pulsed power technology: the linear transformer driver (LTD) technology. This technological approach can provide very compact devices that can deliver very fast high-current and high-voltage pulses. The output pulse rise time and width can be easily tailored to the specific application needs. Trains of a large number of high-current pulses can be produced with variable interpulse separation from nanoseconds to milliseconds. Most importantly, these devices can be rep-rated to frequencies only limited by the capacitor specifications (usually 10 Hz). Their footprint, as compared with current day pulsed power accelerators, is considerably smaller since LTD do not require large oil and deionized water tanks. This makes them ideally suited for applications that require portability. In this paper, we present Sandia National Laboratories' broad spectrum of developmental effort to design construct and extensively validate the LTD pulsed power technology.