Higher BMI Values Research Articles

Relationships between abdominal adipose tissue and neuroinflammation with diffusion basis spectrum imaging in midlife obesity.

This study investigated how obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, abdominal adiposity, and systemic inflammation relate to neuroinflammation using diffusion basis spectrum imaging. We analyzed data from 98 cognitively normal midlife participants (meanage: 49.4 [SD 6.2] years; 34 males [34.7%]; 56 with obesity [57.1%]). Participants underwent brain and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood tests, and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT, respectively) was segmented, and Centiloids were calculated. Diffusion basis spectrum imaging parameter maps were created using an in-house script, and tract-based spatial statistics assessed white matter differences in high versus low BMI values, VAT, SAT, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and Centiloids, with age and sex as covariates. Obesity, high VAT, and high SAT were linked to lower axial diffusivity, reduced fiber fraction, and increased restricted fraction in white matter. Obesity was additionally associated with higher hindered fraction and lower fractional anisotropy. Also, individuals with high C-reactive protein showed lower axial diffusivity. Higher restricted fraction correlated with continuous BMI and SAT particularly in male individuals, whereas VAT effects were similar in male and female individuals. The findings suggest that, at midlife, obesity and abdominal fat are associated with reduced brain axonal density and increased inflammation, with visceral fat playing a significant role in both sexes.

ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTION OF BODY IMAGE IN FIT KID ATHLETES

The aim of this research was to analyze the degree of dissatisfaction with body image—defined as the dissatisfaction resulting from the difference between the desired silhouette and the perceived one—among Fit Kid athletes. The study compared data based on age ranges and levels of competition and examined the possible association between higher weight and BMI with increased concern for body image. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used, and data were analyzed using the SPSS 28.0 statistical package. The main findings reveal a higher degree of body image dissatisfaction at the highest level of competition (national level) and among athletes with higher BMI and weight. Specifically, the factor with the highest scores was body dissatisfaction with the lower body. This suggests a higher risk of body image issues in late adolescence and at higher competitive levels, as well as among athletes with higher BMI values. These findings could offer valuable insights for coaches, who might address these issues through collaboration with nutritionists and sports psychologists.

Overweight and obesity as risk factors for chronic low back pain: a new follow-up in the HUNT Study

BackgroundNumerous studies have examined associations between overweight and obesity and risk of low back pain (LBP), but the exact magnitude of these associations is not yet clear. The purpose of this work was to assess such sex-specific associations in a community-based setting in Norway, taking into account potential relationships with other risk factors.MethodsA cohort study was conducted combining data from two waves of the Trøndelag Health Study, HUNT3 (2006–2008) and HUNT4 (2017–2019). Separate analyses were performed of risk of chronic LBP in HUNT4 among 14,775 individuals without chronic LBP in HUNT3, and of recurrence or persistence in HUNT4 among 5034 individuals with chronic LBP in HUNT3. Relative risks were estimated in generalised linear models for overweight and obesity compared to normal weight. Body size classification was based on values of BMI computed from measurements of height and weight. Chronic LBP was defined as LBP persisting at least 3 months during last year.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, smoking, physical activity in leisure time and work activity, analysis of risk among women produced relative risks 1.11 (95% CI 1.00–1.23) for overweight, 1.36 (95% CI 1.20–1.54) for obesity class I and 1.68 (95% CI 1.42–2.00) for obesity classes II-III. Relative risks among men were 1.10 (95% CI 0.94–1.28) for overweight, 1.36 (95% CI 1.13–1.63) for obesity class I and 1.02 (95% CI 0.70–1.50) for obesity classes II-III, the last estimate being based on relatively few individuals. Analyses of recurrence or persistence indicated similar relationships but with smaller magnitude of relative risks and no drop in risk among obesity classes II-III in men. The change in BMI from HUNT3 to HUNT4 hardly differed between individuals with and without chronic LBP in HUNT3.ConclusionsRisk of chronic LBP increases with higher values of BMI in both sexes, although it is uncertain whether this applies to very obese men. Very obese women carry a particularly large risk. Probabilities of recurrence or persistence of chronic LBP among those already afflicted also increase with higher values of BMI. Adjustment for other factors does not influence relationships with overweight and obesity to any major extent.

Body mass index and joint mobility in a group of elderly people from Romania

Multiple factors are responsible for changes in mobility and health with aging. Chronic pain, fractures or injuries, sarcopenia, obesity, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis or neuro-muscular diseases decrease the ability to walk or move in order to function independently. Obesity is one of the comorbidities that decrease the quality of life in old population for both men and women. Material and methods. The research was carried out online and 224 respondents over the age of 51 were selected for this study. Data were statistically analyzed. Results. The most common diseases affecting the joints in our study group are arthrosis (14.72%), osteoporosis (12.12%) and lumbosciatics (10.82%). 27.84% of women declared that they suffer from osteoporosis and only 6.67% of men. 36.61% of the subjects are overweight and 30.80% of them suffer from obesity, with a general BMI range between 14.2 and 50.00. Discussion. In our study group, as in scientific literature, elderly people’s mobility is affected mostly by conditions associated with high values of BMI and endocrine disorders.

Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy in Achilles and Patellar Tendinopathies: Outcomes in Subjects with Diabetes (A Retrospective Case-Control Study).

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a high risk of chronic degenerative Achilles (AT) and Patellar (PT) tendinopathies and ruptures. Growth factors (GFs) synthesis in diabetics is substantially decreased in human connective tissues, including in tendons. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), which is enriched in GFs, might prove of great help in tendon healing. The aim of the study was to assess whether pre-existent DM or Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) could influence the clinical outcome in subjects undergoing PRP treatment. Methods: Sixty subjects with diabetes/pre-diabetes and sixty euglycemic controls, matched for sex and age, were enrolled. Patients suffering from proximal insertional PT and mid-portion AT, treated with PRP therapy, were included in the study. To assess the basal status and the efficacy of the therapy after 3 and 6 months, the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) questionnaire and the Ultrasound methodology study were used. Patient satisfaction was assessed by means of the Likert Scale. Results: In the population study at 6 months, the mean VISA-score increased (8.92 ± 0.67; p-value < 0.001). The improvement in the diabetic group was less evident compared to the controls (-2.76 ± 0.95; p-value = 0.003). Even though the improvement was poor, it was still significant. MCID analysis revealed that diabetics had higher risk of therapeutic unsuccess. Logistic regression analysis was applied to assess factors associated with unsatisfactory results (Likert-scale) of PRP treatment: AT (O.R.: 3.05; 95%CI: 1.40-6.64; p-value = 0.005), higher BMI values (O.R.: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.04; p-value = 0.01), and lower VISA score values at baseline (O.R.: 0.95; 95%CI: 0.90-0.99; p-value = 0.04). Conclusions: PRP treatment in AT and PT chronic tendinopathies resulted in less favorable results in subjects with diabetes compared with euglycemic subjects. Moreover, the subjects with PT showed better results than those with AT.

ДИНАМИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ КЛИНИКО-МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ У ПОДРОСТКОВ С ОЖИРЕНИЕМ В ГЕНДЕРНОМ АСПЕКТЕ

Obesity in children and adolescents makes a significant contribution to the comorbidity of the pathology of the adult population, which is primarily associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. Of particular interest are gender differences in the detection and progression of symptoms of metabolic disorders. The purpose of the study was to conduct a dynamic analysis of clinical and metabolic indicators in adolescents with obesity in the gender aspect. The study reflects the dynamics of anthropometric indicators (body mass index and waist circumference to hip circumference ratio), metabolic indicators of carbohydrate and lipid profiles in the gender aspect. At the same time, no statistically significant gender differences were found both during the initial examination and after 12 months, however, there was a violation of glucose tolerance in girls in dynamics, which is probably associated with the progression of obesity. Correlations showing significant differences between the anthropome are interesting. Thus, among young men, the average strength of the relationship between age and glucose levels after exercise (correlation coefficient -0,59) and blood insulin content (correlation coefficient 0,55) turned out to be significant. At the same time, higher BMI values were accompanied by an increase in fasting blood glucose (correlation coefficient 0,6). Similar direct relationships between BMI and indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were observed in girls: the higher the BMI, the higher the levels of glucose after exercise, insulin and triglycerides in the blood (correlation coefficients 0,63, 0,81 and 0,52).

#1207 Post transplant diabetes mellitus in kidney transplanted patients: factors related and impact on long-term outcome

Abstract Background Alterations in glucose metabolism are one of the most important complications of renal transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to analyze their prevalence and determinants and assess their influence on the main long-term clinical outcomes in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients. Methods we retrospectively analyzed the data of 832 kidney transplant recipients between 2004 and 2020 in our center. Patients were studied at 1 (T1), 6 (T6), and 12 (T12) months after transplantation and followed clinically for a follow-up time of 103 ± 60 months. At T6, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 484 patients. Results The mean age of the cohort studied was 49 ± 13 years, with a mean dialysis vintage of 54 ± 52 months. Hemodialysis was the therapy before KTx in 70.6% of patients, whereas 20.9% had been treated with peritoneal dialysis. The 8.5% of patients received a pre-emptive KTx. Fifty-seven percent of the patients were male and 83.5% had a KTx from a deceased donor. Both at T1 and T12, immunosuppressive therapy was mainly composed of steroids (average cumulative dose at T12: 2914 ± 962 mg), calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolate. In our cohort at T12, diabetic patients were 237 (28.6%), of which 51 (6.2%) were already affected by diabetes before KTx. Of note, we diagnosed diabetes by OGTT in 23 KTxps, while in 90 KTxps, OGTT showed prediabetic alterations. Patients with glucose metabolism abnormalities were significantly older, had an altered lipid profile associated with higher BMI values and a significantly higher inflammatory index. Interestingly, our data showed that graft loss was not affected by any type of alteration of glucose metabolism. On the contrary, we found that mortality was significantly higher in patients with pre-transplant diabetes and in those with alterations in glucose metabolism detected with OGTT (both including diabetes and considering only IGT and IFG). Conclusions Our data showed that age at transplantation, lipid profile, and the inflammatory state were the variables that most influenced the development of PTDM. Interestingly, mortality was significantly associated with pre-transplant diabetes and alteration in glucose metabolism. This allowed us to highlight the impact of prediabetes status and the importance of OGTT as a screening test in post-transplant and potentially pre-transplant. Future randomized controlled trials will be able to resume the topic, including the analysis of the effects of new antidiabetic drugs.

Circadian misalignment proxies, BMI, and chronic conditions: the role for weekday to weekend sleep differences.

To evaluate whether social jet lag (SJL) and weekend catch-up sleep (CUS), proxies of circadian misalignment, were associated with BMI and chronic conditions. Participants (n = 2,050,18-65y) were part of a virtual cross-sectional and population-based research. We examined CUS and SJL as continuous and categorical (< 1h,1-2h, > 2h). Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the differences in BMI (outcome) associated with CUS and SJL. Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the shape of the relationship between weekday-to-weekend variability in sleep duration, midpoint, wake time, and bedtime. Logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs(95%CIs) for chronic conditions and overweight related to CUS and SJL. Analyses were adjusted for sleep duration, biological and behavior-related variables. We found a positive association of SJL and CUS with BMI. The effects remained even after adjustment for weekly sleep duration and demonstrated a proportional increase with the magnitude of sleep variability. Among participants with SJL > 2h, BMI increased by 2.29kg/m2 (95%CI:0.84;3.74,p:0.002). They also had 129% higher odds of chronic conditions (95%CI:1.16;4.52, p:0.01) and 119% higher odds of overweight (95%CI: 1.20;3.98,p:0.01). Individuals with CUS > 2h presented 78% higher odds of overweight (95%CI:1.27;2.50,p:0.001) and an increase of 1.61kg/m2 in BMI (95%CI: 0.81; 2.40,p < 0.001). Our findings, which demonstrate that even a slight weekend sleep extension and variability of just 1h is associated with higher values of BMI, suggest incorporating measures for sleep consistency and regularity into clinical protocols and public health guidelines to prevent and treat obesity and related diseases.

Evaluating aortomesenteric parameters in a tertiary center of Nepal for superior mesenteric artery syndrome diagnosis and risk factors: cross-sectional study.

This study examines aortomesenteric angle (AMA) and distance (AMD), which are critical in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome. Addressing the scarcity of SMA cases, the research explores potential links with lower BMI and aims to establish normative data for diagnostic and predictive purposes, using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans across various BMI and sex categories. A retrospective quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 189 patients undergoing abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scans between December 2019 and December 2020. Ethical clearance was obtained, and participants provided informed consent. Exclusion criteria targeted specific medical histories. Patient demographics, BMI categories, and imaging data were recorded. Helical 128-slice CT scans were employed, with sagittal-oblique multiplanar reconstructions for parameter assessments. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS 26.0, including Pearson correlation coefficients and mean calculations. The study reveals a mean AMA of 54.07°±8.53° and a mean distance of 16.25±3.44 mm. Elevated BMI is found to positively correlate with AMA and distance, indicating that higher BMI values may augment these parameters, with an additional positive correlation observed between AMA and distance. No significant correlations are found with patient age or sex. The study concludes that decreased BMI may pose a potential risk for SMA syndrome, as evidenced by the observed correlations with aortomesenteric parameters. Understanding these normal values in the Nepalese population is critical for accurate diagnoses and predictions using CT scans. The research highlights the impact of demographic factors on these parameters and emphasizes their significance in clinical assessments related to SMA syndrome.

Dysregulation of miR-335-5p in People with Obesity and its Predictive Value for Metabolic Syndrome.

The epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome has become the most serious global public health problem. The part played by microRNA (miRNA) in the onset and progression of obesity and metabolic syndrome has been increasingly focused upon. The goal of this study was to explore miR-335-5p as a potential predictive biomarker or therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic syndrome. The expression level of miR-335-5p was detected by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic value of miR-335-5p was evaluated by ROC curve. The association between serum miR-335-5p levels and various clinical parameters was assessed using the chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in obese population. The biological processes and molecular mechanisms are studied through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The ROC curve analysis revealed that miR-335-5p could serve as a predictive indicator for the development of obesity accompanied by metabolic syndrome. Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, TG, FBG, HOMA-IR, and miR-335-5p expression represent independent risk factors of metabolic syndrome occurrence. Chi-square test analysis revealed that patients with higher values of BMI, SBP, DBP, TG, FBG, and HOMA-IR exhibited a more significantly increased expression of miR-335-5p in their serum. In conclusion, miR-335-5p holds predictive and diagnostic value for obesity and metabolic syndrome and has potential to serve as a biomarker for these conditions.

Association Between Monocyte-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio and Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Population.

The monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MHR) ratio has been linked to metabolic disorders. However, there is limited research on the predisposition to MHR and prediabetes. Hence, we conducted a study to investigate the relationship between MHR and the prevalence of prediabetes. In total, 85,293 participants were included in our cross-sectional observational study. Multivariable regression analysis, subgroup analyses, and interaction testing were used to determine the relationship between MHR and prediabetes. To explore the non-linear association of MHR with prediabetes risk, generalized additive model (GAM) and smoothing splines were applied. The threshold effect analysis of MHR on the risk of prediabetes was further employed to identify the turning point. After controlling for covariates, the results indicated that a positive correlation persisted between MHR and prediabetes (odds ratio (OR) =1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48-1.82), and subgroup analyses found a more robust correlation between MHR and prediabetes in individuals with lower age, SBP, DBP, TG, TC and higher values of BMI and LDL-C than in their counterparts. Additionally, the correlation between MHR and the risk of prediabetes was found to be non-linear, with a turning point of -0.4 (Log-Likelihood Ratio, P< 0.001). The impact of variables on the two sides of the turning point were 1.94 (1.72, 2.19) and 0.88 (0.69, 1.14). The positive correlation between MHR and the risk of prediabetes in Chinese participants was observed to be non-linear, and MHR ≤ -0.4 was strongly positively correlated with prediabetes risk.

Sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and in response to lifestyle intervention in prepubertal and pubertal subjects with obesity.

Childhood obesity is a growing health problem and requires a tailored treatment. This study explored the sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors in children/adolescents with obesity and in response to a weight loss intervention. Five hundred and thirty-three children/adolescents with obesity and their parents underwent to a 3-months lifestyle intervention program. Tanner criteria were used to assess the pubertal stage. Before and after 3 months, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), and biochemical measurements were assessed. Four hundred and forty five participants completed the treatment (age 12.4 ± 2.7 years, males 45.8%, prepubertal 29.2%, BMI z score 2.3 ± 0.2). In comparison to boys, prepubertal girls had higher values of BMI z score (2.4 ± 02 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.05), waist circumference z score (2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 2.0 ± 0.3, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR [2.9 (2.1-4.9) vs. 2.3(1.5-3.6), p < 0.01], prevalence of hypertransaminasemia (41.3% vs. 17.7%, p < 0.05) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (46.2 ± 9.8 vs. 51.2 ± 10.5 mg/dl, p < 0.05). In the pubertal stage, boys had worse cardiometabolic risk profile than girls, including unfavourable measure of systolic BP (z score: 0.6 ± 1.0 vs. 0.3 ± 1.0, p < 0.01), fasting glucose (87.2 ± 6.1 vs. 84.8 ± 7.7 mg/dl, p < 0.01), ALT (26.9 ± 21.5 vs. 20.2 ± 10.6 U/L, p < 0.001) and uric acid (6.1 ± 1.9 vs. 5.0 ± 1.0 mg/dl, p < 0.001). After the lifestyle intervention, changes in BMI z score (p < 0.05) were higher in pubertal boys than pubertal girls. The systolic blood pressure decrease was greater in pubertal boys than in their female counterpart (Δ systolic BP: -7.2 mmHg in boys vs. -3.6 mmHg in girls, p < 0.05; Δ systolic BP z score: -0.6 in boys vs. -0.3 in girls, p < 0.05). LDL cholesterol showed an improvement only in boys, and ALT in the whole group. Our study showed that a short-term lifestyle intervention is more effective in reducing BMI z score and cardiovascular risk factors in pubertal boys than in their female counterparts. Further investigation is needed to deepen this gender difference, especially to develop a tailor-made intervention.

Phosphorus modifies the association between body mass index and uric acid: Results from NHANES 2007-2018.

Studies in recent years have shown that high uric acid causes harm to the human body, which has become a serious public health problem. Elevated serum uric acid has been shown to be associated with obesity, but the relationship between BMI and uric acid (UA) remains controversial. Although the association between BMI and UA has been well studied, the effect of phosphorus levels in vivo on this association remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI and serum uric acid and the effect of phosphorus on the relationship between the two. The present study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) continuous 2007-2018 cycle. We included 10786 participants aged 20 years and over. Multivariable linear regression was performed to assess the association between BMI and serum uric acid. phosphorus was stratified into low phosphorus (<3.3 mg/dl), middle phosphorus (3.3-3.9 mg/dl) and high phosphorus (>3.9 mg/dl). Correction of the effect of phosphorus was assessed by testing the interaction between BMI and UA in multivariate linear regression. In this cross-sectional study, we found that BMI was positively associated with UA in the female population but not significantly in the male population or in the total population. In multiple regression analysis, UA was 0.51 higher in the highest female BMI group than in the lowest group (p = 0.0001). The relationship between BMI and UA differed significantly by gender under the influence of phosphorus, with men and women in Model II having a greater elevation of UA in men than in women within most groups. (BMI >30, phosphorus >3.9 mg/dl, β:0.83 95% CI: 0.43, 1.23 vs β: 0.79 95% CI: 0.30, 1.29). In addition, phosphorus significantly altered the positive association between BMI and UA in most models. Our results indicate significant associations between BMI and uric acid in women, with higher BMI values likely to be associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia, suggesting that uric acid levels in obese people should be closely monitored in clinical practice. Phosphorus and BMI have an interactive effect in elevating UA and should be noted as indicators of phosphorus in clinical practice.

Glenoid lateralization and subscapularis repair are independent predictive factors of improved internal rotation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has shown improvement in clinical outcomes for various conditions, although some authors expressed concern about the restoration of active internal rotation (AIR). The current study assesses preoperative and intraoperative predictive factors of AIR in patients having a Grammont-style RSA with a minimum five year follow-up. We conducted a retrospective multicentric study, including patients operated on with a 155° Grammont-style RSA for cuff-related pathology or primary osteoarthritis with posterior subluxation or an associated cuff tear. Patients were clinically evaluated at a minimum of fiveyear follow-up. Patients with previous surgery or those who had a tendon transfer with the RSA were excluded. Demographic parameters, BMI, preoperative notes, and operative reports were obtained from medical records. AIR was graded according to the constant score system from 0 to 10. A total of 280 shoulders in 269 patients (mean age at surgery, 74.9 ± 5.9 years) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The average follow-up was 8.1 years (range, 5-16 years). Overall, AIR increased from 4.2 (SD 2.5, range 0 to 10) preoperatively to 5.9 (SD 2.6, range 0 to 10) at final follow-up. At the last follow-up, AIR increased in 56% of cases, was unchanged in 26% and decreased in 18%. In 188 shoulders (67%), internal rotation was functional and allowed patients to reach the level of L3 or higher. Multivariable linear regression found the following preoperative clinical factors predictive of worse AIR after RSA: male gender (ß = -1.25 [-2.10; -0.40]; p = 0.0042) and higher values of BMI (ß = -0.085 [-0.17; -0.0065]; p = 0.048). Two surgical factors were associated with better AIR after RSA: glenoid lateralization with BIO-RSA technique (ß = 0.80 [0.043; 1.56]; p = 0.039) and subscapularis repair (ß = 1.16 [0.29; 2.02]; p = 0.0092). With a mean of eightyear follow-up (5 to 16 years), internal rotation was functional (≥ L3 level) in 67% of operated shoulders after Grammont-style RSA; however, two patients out of ten had decreased AIR after surgery. Male patients and those with higher BMIs had worse AIR, with glenoid lateralization (using the BIO-RSA technique) and subscapularis repair, as they are predictive of increased AIR after RSA. Case series, Level IV.

Кореляційні зв’язки між функціональним станом організму та конституційними характеристиками складу маси тіла юнаків гірських районів Закарпаття

Aerobic and anaerobic productivity of the body are integral indicators of physical health. assessment of physical health based on indicators of aerobic and anaerobic productivity makes it possible to characterize it not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively [3]. The ability to demonstrate aerobic capabilities largely depends on the content of muscles, which are the main consumer of oxygen in the body [10]. Fat does the role of a regulator of metabolic processes in the body and is the main source of energy during long-term work of low intensity, which is performed due to aerobic energy supply mechanisms of muscle activity. To clarify the degree of influence of somatotype components and components of body weight on the functional capabilities of young men living in the mountainous districts of Zakarpattia, we conducted a correlation analysis. Researches was conducted in 124 young men of the post-puberty period of ontogenesis aged 17 to 21 years, residents of the mountainous districts of the Zakarpattia region. Physical health status was assessed by indicators of the aerobic productivity of the body, namely, the maximum oxygen consumption was measured (VО 2 max ) using the bicycle ergometry method. To evaluate the level of aerobic productivity, the Ya. P. Pyarnat’s rating scale was used [14]. Indicators of anaerobic productivity of the body were studied by: measuring the power of anaerobic alactic energy supply processes by the Peak Power Output in 10 s (WAnT 10 ); the power of anaerobic lactic energy supply processes by the Peak Power Output in 30 s (WAnT 30 ), using the Wingate anaerobic test described by Yu. M. Furman et al. [15]. The anaerobic lactic productivity of the organism was measured by the Peak Power Output (PPO) in 1 min using A. Shogy and G. Cherebetin’s method [16]. The component body mass composition was determined using the impedance method with the application of Somatotype was determined by the Heath-Carter method, which provides a three-component (fat, muscle and bone) anthropometric assessment [17]. Omron BF511 Body Composition Monitor to estimate the percentage of fat mass (subcutaneous and visceral fat) and the percentage of skeletal muscle [18]. The statistical processing of the material was carried out in Excel 7.0 and SPSS version 10.0 using Student’s t-test to find out the reliability of the difference between the average values. In young men, divided by somatotype, it was established that in representatives of the endomesomorphic somatotype, higher values of the fat component largely cause lower values of VO 2 max rel. to (r = -0.706; p &lt; 0.001), correspondingly lower level of aerobic performance. Higher values of BMI in young men of endomesomorphic and mesomorphic somatotypes cause higher values of the absolute VO2 max indicator, as indicated by the correlation (r = 0.727; p &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.880; p &lt; 0.001, respectively). The degree of development of the components of the somatotype does not have a significant impact on the aerobic performance of young men of different morphological types, which is confirmed by a correlation that does not exceed the average degree. Among young men of different somatotypes, there is no correlation of body composition, BMI with the power of anaerobic lactate energy supply processes, or the strength of the connection does not exceed the average. It was found that higher BMI values significantly cause a higher level of anaerobic lactate productivity of the body only in representatives of the endomesomorphic somatotype, as indicated by a strong direct correlation (r = 0.740; p &lt; 0.001) with the WAnT30 absolute indicator. A strong negative influence of percentage fat content in the body on the capacity of the anaerobic lactate productivity of the body in young men of the mesoectomorphic somatotype, which is evidenced by negative correlation (r = -0.445; p &gt; 0.05) with the PPO rel. Higher values of BMI cause a lower level of anaerobic lactate productivity of the body in young men mesoectomorphic and endomesomorphic somatotypes, which is confirmed by a strong negative correlation with the PPO rel. (r = -0.594, p &lt; 0.01; r = -0.430, p &lt; 0.01 respectively). In addition, in young men of the endomesomorphic somatotype, higher values of BMI cause higher values of the absolute index of PPO (r = 0.628; p &lt; 0,001).

Safety considerations for treating the parotid and submandibular glands with neuromodulators for facial slimming.

Neuromodulators have predominantly been used for the treatment of upper facial lines, but their use has expanded to include lower face and neck treatments. However, the injection sites for these treatments are based on skin surface landmarks, which may pose risks to nearby structures and result in undesired outcomes. To investigate the spatial relationship between the FDA-approved skin surface landmarks for neuromodulator injections in the parotid and submandibular glands and the topographical anatomy of critical facial structures such as the facial artery, facial vein, external carotid artery, and retromandibular vein. A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted on contrast-enhanced cranial CT scans. The scans were analyzed for the morphology and location of the parotid and submandibular glands. Measurements were taken for gland volume, craniocaudal extent, anterior-posterior extent, and distances between the skin surface and gland capsule or nearby structures such as arteries. The study sample consisted of 53 subjects, including 7 males and 46 females, with a mean age of 36.91 years and a mean BMI of 23.28 kg/m2 . The mean volume of the parotid gland was 31.9 ± 3.0 cc in males and 28.5 ± 3.6 cc in females with p < 0.001, while the mean volume of the submandibular gland was 18.2 ± 2.0 cc in males and 14.5 ± 3.4 cc in females with p < 0.001. The mean distances between skin surface and the gland capsule were 5.98 ± 2.2 and 8.84 ± 4.0 mm for the parotid and submandibular gland, respectively. This distance increased with higher age and higher BMI values in a statistically significant manner with p < 0.001. The distances between FDA-approved skin surface landmarks and the parotid and submandibular glands varied significantly depending on gender, age, and BMI. Optimal injection depth and location for neuromodulator treatments cannot be generalized based on these landmarks alone, emphasizing the need for real-time ultrasound imaging guidance.

Effects of body mass index on the immune response within the first days after major stroke in humans

IntroductionImmunological alterations associated with increased susceptibility to infection are an essential aspect of stroke pathophysiology. Several immunological functions of adipose tissue are altered by obesity and are accompanied by chronic immune activation. The purpose of this study was to examine immune function (monocytes, granulocytes, cytokines) as a function of body mass index (BMI: 1st group: 25; 2nd group: 25 BMI 30; 3rd group: 30) and changes in body weight post stroke.MethodFat status was assessed using standardized weight measurements on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 after ischemic stroke in a cohort of 40 stroke patients and 16 control patients. Liver fat and visceral fat were assessed by MRI on day 1 or 2 [I] and on day 5 or 7 [II]. Leukocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood, cytokines, chemokines, and adipokine concentrations in sera were quantified. In a second cohort (stroke and control group, n = 17), multiple regression analysis was used to identify correlations between BMI and monocyte and granulocyte subpopulations.ResultsWeight and fat loss occurred from the day of admission to day 1 after stroke without further reduction in the postischemic course. No significant changes in liver or visceral fat were observed between MRI I and MRI II. BMI was inversely associated with IL-6 levels, while proinflammatory cytokines such as eotaxin, IFN-β, IFN -γ and TNF-α were upregulated when BMI increased. The numbers of anti-inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes and CD16+CD62L− granulocytes were reduced in patients with higher BMI values, while that of proinflammatory CD16dimCD62L+ granulocytes was increased.ConclusionA small weight loss in stroke patients was detectable. The data demonstrate a positive correlation between BMI and a proinflammatory poststroke immune response. This provides a potential link to how obesity may affect the clinical outcome of stroke patients.

Beyond sleep duration: Sleep timing is associated with BMI among Brazilian adults

ObjectivesTo examine the association of sleep duration and timing with BMI among adults. Also, to identify obesogenic and unhealthy behaviors (e.g.diet/sleep quality, physical activity, screen time, smoking) associated with short sleep duration and late bedtime. ParticipantsParticipants (n=755) were part of exploratory, population-based research, with data collection in a virtual environment. MethodsFor purposes of characterizing the population we considered short sleepers<7h/night, and the population bedtime median was used to stratify participants into early and late sleepers (before and after 23:08). Student's t-test and chi-square test were performed to assess differences in characteristics between groups. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of sleep duration, bedtime, and wake-up time with BMI. Quantile regression was estimated for the 25th, 50th, and 75th quantiles to identify the distributional correlations between BMI and sleep variables. Restricted cubic splines were also used to study the shape of the association between sleep-BMI. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounding variables. ResultsBMI decreased by 0.40Kg/m2 for each additional hour of sleep duration [95%CI=-0.68,-0.12,p=0.005] and increased by 0.37 kg/m2 for each additional hour of bedtime [95%CI=0.12,0.61,p=0.003]. The association between bedtime and BMI remained even after adjustment for sleep duration. These effects were higher and stronger with higher BMI values (p75th). Wake-up time did not show statistically significant associations. ConclusionsBecause we found that beyond sleep duration, bedtime was significantly associated with BMI, our data reflect the pertinence of assessing sleep timing patterns in disentangling sleep-obesity association. Insights into the characteristics, obesogenic and unhealthy behaviors related to short and late sleep may support specific strategies to prevent and treat excess body adiposity and other negative health outcomes.

Sleep quality, sedentary behavior and cardiovascular risk in young adults

Sleep is an essential process for maintaining the body's essential biological functions, and disorders associated with it can cause various health problems, including cardiovascular disorders. The practice of physical activity comprises one of the most beneficial habits for a correct sleep regulation, improving its duration and depth. However, the cycle that involves the practice of physical activities, quality of sleep and cardiovascular diseases needs further elucidation, therefore, the objective of this work was to compare and correlate the quality of sleep with the risk of developing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), and the practice of physical activities, as well as cardiovascular diseases. For this, we carried out a cross-sectional, observational, prospective, epidemiological study, in which volunteers of both sexes, aged between 20 and 50 years, were evaluated regarding anthropometry, questioned using questionnaires on cardiovascular risk, sleep quality (Pittsburgh), presence of OSAS (Berlin) and physical activity practice (IPAQ) and had their lipid profiles evaluated. Comparisons and correlations between variables were established by different statistical analyzes (using p values ≤0.05). Volunteers with poor sleep quality had a higher BMI value, sum of four folds and body fat, less time of vigorous physical activity and lower HDL value, as well as a positive correlation with systolic blood pressure, waist-to-height ratio and risk of developing of SAOS. Volunteers at high risk of developing OSAS had higher values for SBP, DBP, BMI, waist/height ratio, sum of four folds and less time of vigorous physical activity, in addition to a positive correlation with poor sleep quality, total cholesterol and LDL. Thus, we conclude that volunteers classified as having poor sleep quality and high risk for OSAS practice physical activities less frequently and with reduced load, in addition to presenting higher values in the variables of the cardiac, anthropometric and lipid profiles, indicating a greater cardiovascular risk.

Evaluation of Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure and Foot Health in Individuals Not Diagnosed with Diabetes, Hypertension

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus constitutes a significant health concern given its incidence and associated complications. Furthermore, obesity, being a chronic disease, represents a risk factor for hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. In light of these considerations, our study aims to perform a public screening for conditions that are closely related, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and foot health. Methods: The study was conducted over a three-day period from September 12 to September 15, 2017, between the hours of 09:00-17:00. The sample comprised of volunteers who passed by the established stands and were not diagnosed with diabetes or hypertension. Blood glucose levels (BG) were measured using a glucometer, while weight and height were measured using a scale. Waist circumference was measured using a tape measure, and foot examinations were conducted using a podoscope. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to gather sociodemographic information and health-related data from participants. Measurements were taken of random capillary BG, blood pressure (BP), height, weight, and waist circumference. A general foot examination was performed, and any pressing foot issues were evaluated with a podoscope. Results: In our study, the mean BG level of 428 participants was 126 g/dl, with 7% of them recording BG levels above 200 g/dl. During foot examinations, 29% of participants reported experiencing pain, while 26% had issues with false nail clipping. Pes planus was detected in 14% of individuals during podoscopic examination, and it was observed that those who used sports shoes and those who had previous foot examinations had fewer foot health problems. Additionally, individuals with high BMI values exhibited a higher prevalence of claudication findings, ingrown nails, and dryness and cracks in the skin. Participants with higher systolic BP were found to have more instances of ingrown nails and other nail problems, including interdigital maceration. Conclusion: The selection of appropriate footwear and regular foot examinations are crucial in the prevention of foot health problems. Our study found a significant association between foot health problems and high BMI and systolic blood pressure levels.