High-value Utilization Research Articles

Effect of biochar content and particle size on mechanical and water absorption properties of landscaping waste/polylactic acid composites

The high-value utilization of landscaping waste to produce wood-plastic composites provides a promising approach to waste management, yet remains a challenge. In this study, wood-plastic composites were prepared using landscaping waste and polylactic acid (PLA) through an extrusion-molding process, with biochar (BC) as the reinforcing material. First, the effects of biochar content (0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %) and particle size (100mesh, 300mesh, 800mesh, 1200 mesh) on the physico-mechanical and dynamic thermo mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed. A multivariate nonlinear model was employed to fit the flexural properties of the composites. Additionally, the water absorption properties were investigated under immersion conditions at three different temperatures (20°C, 35°C, 50°C). The results demonstrated that biochar significantly improved the interfacial compatibility between landscaping waste and PLA, enhancing the mechanical properties of this composite. When the biochar content was 1 % and particle size was 100 mesh, flexural strength reached 25.16 MPa, respectively, representing increases of 19.20 % over composites without biochar, while the change in impact strength was small. In addition, the water absorption process of composites with 1 % BC were well fitted by Fick's law. SEM morphology observation indicated that interfacial bonding was reduced after water absorption, which was consistent with the test results. Combined with Arrhenius equation and Fick's law, the water absorption model of the composites at each water immersion temperature was obtained, which can predict the water absorption behavior at 60°C.

A novel approach for flotation separation of talc and molybdenite: Scrap steel-molybdenite galvanic corrosion treatment and its mechanism

Molybdenum is an important strategic resource. Talc-type molybdenite is abundant in reserves, but it is difficult to separate talc and molybdenite efficiently and cleanly because of their similar strong hydrophobicity. In this paper, the effect of galvanic corrosion between scrap steel and molybdenite on flotation behavior of molybdenite was studied under different conditions (different scrap steel materials, slurry water content, galvanic corrosion time and galvanic corrosion ambient temperature).The method for flotation separation of molybdenite and talc by galvanic corrosion of scrap steel-molybdenite was established for the first time. In addition, XPS, SEM, TOF-SIMS, contact Angle test and electrochemical test were used to study the effect of galvanic corrosion of scrap steel-molybdenite on the surface properties of molybdenite and talc. The results show that strong galvanic corrosion between scrap steel and molybdenite can significantly reduce the hydrophobicity of molybdenite, but there is no galvanic corrosion between scrap steel and talc under the same conditions, and scrap steel has no significant effect on the surface hydrophobicity of talc. Therefore, the galvanic corrosion of scrap steel-molybdenite can effectively expand the floatability difference between talc and molybdenite, and strengthen the flotation separation of molybdenite and talc. The flotation test results of artificial mixed ore show that in the case of mineral mixing, the galvanic corrosion of scrap steel-molybdenite still shows a strong inhibition effect on molybdenite flotation, so that 97.04 % of molybdenite in the mixed ore is inhibited into the tailings (molybdenite products). The research results expand the new high-value utilization way of scrap steel in sulfide ore flotation, and help to promote the sustainable development of iron and steel industry and sulfide ores industry. In addition, the research results also have reference significance for the use of scrap steel galvanic corrosion to inhibit other sulfide ores such as pyrite and arsenopyrite.

Efficient lignin hydrogenolysis over N-doped macroporous carbon supported Ru catalyst

To cope with the challenge of insufficient interaction between lignin macromolecules and catalytic active sites in heterocatalysis systems which hindered the efficient hydrogenolysis of lignin, a lignin-derived N-doped macroporous carbon supported Ru catalyst (Ru/LNPC) was prepared via the pyrolysis of alkali lignin with potassium hydroxide as the activator and ammonium oxalate as the pore forming agent. The LNPC carrier featured a hierarchical porous structure with the diameter of macropores ranging from 50 nm to 10 μm, enhancing the adequately contact between the lignin macromolecules and Ru NPs. The doping nitrogen in the carbon carrier led to well dispersed Ru nanoparticles with average size of 1.08 nm, providing abundant active metallic centers. Therefore, Ru/LNPC exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability to hydrogenolysis of lignin. Under the condition of 1.0 MPa H2 at 280 ºC for 2 h, Ru/LNPC contributed to the yield of 45.6 % aromatic monomers from the depolymerization of lignin. After five recycling, Ru/LNPC still showed significant activity. This work provided a new strategy for designing catalysts for efficient hydrogenolysis of lignin and further facilitating its high-value utilization.

Polymetallic red mud direct materialization strategy towards zero waste emission: Electromagnetic wave absorption conversion and sodium solidification

Red mud is an industrial hazardous alkaline solid waste, whereas it is rich in polymetallic components showing a high comprehensive utilization value. Direct materialization of red mud towards zero waste emission is a more reasonable and environmentally friendly strategy. In this work, a novel materialization approach of red mud via converting the polymetallic constituents into functional ferrite material by phase reconstruction with MnO2 was proposed. The mineral phase reconstruction, microstructure evolution, reaction interface observation, electromagnetic property, and the materialization conversion mechanism were investigated. It was found that the complicated phases in red mud were transferred to simple forms including the magnetic ferrites (Ca/Na/Al/Ti-bearing Mn ferrite) and weakly magnetic silicates ((Na,Al,Ca)2SiO3) after phase reconstruction. The reconstructed red mud after sintering at 1200 ℃ for 120min in air atmosphere had satisfactory electromagnetic property. Magnetism study demonstrated the soft magnetic property with maximum saturation magnetization of 34.22emu/g and coercivity of only 7.0Oe. Compared with the original red mud, effective electromagnetic wave absorption with reflection loss (RL) values of the reconstructed red mud below -20 dB were satisfied across a wider frequency bandwidth of 5-18GHz, and the minimum RL value was lower as -32.4dB with a thinner veneer thickness of 15mm, highlighting its excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Moreover, Na solidification behaviors indicated that Na was solidified in the sintered product, which can reduce the possible environmental hazards of red mud alkalinity. The novel materialization treatment with zero waste emission exhibits a favorable application prospect with a large red mud batching ratio about 50wt%.

Preparation of high-value carbon nanotubes from real waste plastic towards the negative carbon technology

The preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from plastics is of great significance for realizing high value utilization of waste and reducing carbon emission. Here, several kinds of real waste plastics were introduced into catalytic pyrolysis, and the process was also optimized. The results showed that the presence of impurities (e.g., adhesive labels) reduced the initial activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction, and the pyrolysis process was extended and could be divided into two stages. During the catalytic process, impurities play a toxic role on the catalyst at higher temperatures and result in the agglomeration of catalyst particles and a decrease in catalytic activity. Less than 10 wt.% carbon fibers were collected from milk cup waste. However, after experimental optimization, the influence of the impurity component was greatly reduced. The toxic effect of organic impurity volatiles on a catalyst was avoided by employing a segmented catalytic pyrolysis process, which led to an increase in solid carbon content of more than 20 % for express package waste. Simultaneously, more uniform and smoother CNTs can be found in the obtained solid carbon. The process of preparing carbon nanotubes with higher yield and better quality is feasible and has important application prospects in the utilization of waste plastics.

Glycation modification of protein hydrolysate from channel catfish (Ictalurus Punetaus) viscera to mitigate undesirable flavor: Unraveling structure and flavor characteristics

To investigate the impacts of glycation modification on the structure and flavor of fish viscera-derived protein hydrolysates, channel catfish viscera was utilized and hydrolyzed by Flavourzyme, followed by glycation with glucosamine, xylose, ribose and glucose, respectively. The structural characteristics, taste and odor of glycated products were evaluated. The results revealed that glycation led to an increase in peptides (<1 kDa) and a decrease in peptide fraction (>5 kDa). UV and fluorescence spectra indicated a gradual rise in absorbance and fluorescence intensity. Glucosamine-induced glycation significantly mitigated bitterness, while enhancing saltiness and umami. GC–MS/MS analysis revealed that glycation led to reduced undesirable odor, and formation of aromatic compounds. LC-MS/MS identified Arg and Lys as the main modification sites. Interestingly, aldehydes were found to modify peptides via carbonyl-amine reaction, leading to decreased fishy odor. The present study contributes to flavor improvement of fish viscera-derived peptides through glycation and high-value utilization of fish viscera.

Research on the purification mechanism and high-value utilization of manganese leaching solution from electrolytic manganese anode slime

Research on the purification mechanism and high-value utilization of manganese leaching solution from electrolytic manganese anode slime

Oxidative degradation of anionic dyes in wastewater by magnetic lignin micro-nano spheres catalyzed peroxymonosulfate

Lignin has gained significant attention in wastewater treatment due to its abundant resources and good adsorbability. In this work, magnetic lignin micro-nano spheres (Fe3O4@SiO2-LNS) was prepared using alkali lignin as the raw material, and was used as the adsorbent and catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to build an inhomogeneous catalytic oxidation system (Fe3O4@SiO2-LNS/PMS). The system was then used to remove the stubborn acid blue 9 (AB9) dye in wastewater, and the effects of pH, catalyst dosage, PMS dosage of the system on the removal percentage of AB9 dye and the corresponding degradation mechanism were explored. The results showed that Fe3O4@SiO2-LNS/PMS system had good removal efficiency for AB9 in wastewater, and AB9 dye was completely oxidized and finally degraded into CO2 and H2O. The maximum removal percentage of AB9 was observed when the pH and temperature of the system were 6.0 and 313 K, and the removal percentage of AB9 achieved 100 % when the optimal dosage of Fe3O4@SiO2-LNS and PMS were 3.44 g/L and 53.15 mM, respectively. In addition, Fe3O4@SiO2-LNS had good stability and reusability. This work provides a promising approach for abatement of dyeing wastewater pollution and a new direction for high-value utilization of alkali lignin.

Enhanced ethanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation using La-Doped CuFeOx catalysts

CO2 hydrogenation is an effective solution for direct ethanol production as it realizes a high-value utilization of waste CO2. As it requires a synergistic multi-step process of CO2 activation, asymmetric hydrogenation of CO, and precise coupling of C-C bonds, the design of highly active and selective catalysts for such procedures remains challenging. In this study, we prepared a series of La-doped CuFe catalysts using a simple and green solvent-free ball milling method to accelerate the rate of CO2 hydrogenation to ethanol generation. HRTEM, in situ XRD, EPR, and CO2-TPD analyses indicated that the doping of moderate amounts of La can significantly improve the dispersion of the Cu and Fe species, enhance the interaction between the CuFe species, decrease the reduction temperatures of CuO and Fe2O3, promote the formation of oxygen vacancies during the reaction process, and enhance CO2 adsorption and activation ability. DFT calculations, XPS, in situ FTIR, and CO-TPSR-MS analyses indicated that the transfer of electrons from the Fe to La species decreased their electron cloud densities, weakened the bridge type adsorption of CO, enhanced the linear adsorption of CO, and optimized the ratio of the dissociative and non-dissociative adsorption of CO intermediates, which ultimately resulted in a better matching of the rates of generation of CHx* and C(H)O* intermediates. The occurrence of C-C coupling at the abundant Cu0-Fe5C2 interface promoted the highly efficient synthesis of ethanol, achieving yields as high as 13.5 % over the 5La-CuFeOx catalyst, ranking the top level among the reported catalysts in the literature. This study presents a feasible strategy for the targeted regulation of multicomponent active centers.

Enhanced physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of low-temperature ethylenediamine/urea pretreated lignin.

Low-temperature ethylenediamine (EDA)/urea pretreatment had been demonstrated to be an efficient pretreatment method for enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol production. For high-value utilization of the third main components of lignocellulosic biomass, the physicochemical structure characteristics and biological activities of low-temperature EDA/urea pretreated lignin (EUL) were comprehensively investigated in the present study. The results demonstrated that the pretreatment process facilitated the depolymerization of lignin, resulting in notable reduction in molecular weight and polydispersity index from 2.32 to 1.42kg/mol and 1.44 to 1.20, respectively. The EDA/urea pretreated lignin (EUL) exhibited enhanced ultraviolet absorption capacity and the most significant DPPH radical scavenging and inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus in comparison to the primary lignin (PL) and the NaOH pretreated lignin (NL). Enhanced physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of EUL make it more suitable to be developed as sunscreen ingredient or antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food preservation and conservation.

Waste napkin biochar with high-performance designed for antibiotic rapidly removal

In this work, domestic refuse waste napkin (WN) was used as raw material, modified by different dyes and prepared to N-doped biochars via carbonation and activation methods. The results showed that the addition of dyes not only optimized the physicochemical properties of biochars, but also greatly improved the adsorption performances. The specific surface areas of N-doped biochars (BWN-CR, BWN-CV, and BWN-MO) were increased by 5.95–26.6 % compared with that of undoped biochar (BWN, 2173.13 m2/g), similarly, the content of nitrogen atoms in the modified biochars increased by 0.50–2.03 times. In the adsorption experiments using tetracycline hydrochloride as adsorption model, the adsorption capacities of all N-doped biochars (938.71–1159.05 mg/g) were greater than that of most adsorbents including BWN (861.33 mg/g). After 10 cycles of use, both all of the biochars can still maintain more than 65 % of the performance, indicating their stable regeneration ability. This work not only prepared a series of biochars that can be used to efficiently remove antibiotics from water, but more importantly provided a new strategy for the high-value utilization of WN and further released the application potential of secondary resources.

New insights into adlay seed bran polysaccharides: Effects of enzyme-assisted Aspergillus niger solid-state fermentation on its structural features, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and prebiotic activity

Adlay seed bran, typically discarded or used as animal feed, represents a significant resource waste. This study investigates the structural and physicochemical properties, in vitro digestive behavior, and fecal fermentation profiles of adlay seed bran polysaccharides (ASBPs) prepared using different methods. These methods include hot water extraction, Aspergillus niger solid-state fermentation (SSF), and enzyme-assisted SSF with β-glucosidase, cellulase, and xylanase, referred to as ASBP, ASBP-F, ASBP-GF, ASBP-CF, and ASBP-XF, respectively. Results showed that enzyme-assisted SSF with A. niger improved extraction efficiency and uniformity of ASBPs, increasing total neutral sugars, uronic acids, mannose, and galactose while reducing glucose content, molecular weight, and particle size. ASBP-CF had the best extraction rate, sugar content, lowest molecular weight, finest uniformity, and smallest particle size. In simulated digestion tests, all ASBP variants were stable in stomach and small intestine conditions but degradable by human fecal microbiota, showing varying fermentability levels. ASBPs increased Bacteroidetes populations, inhibited Proteobacteria growth, and enhanced short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) production, with ASBP-CF showing the highest fermentability and prebiotic efficacy. ASBP-CF was particularly effective in promoting beneficial bacteria like Bacteroides and restraining harmful bacteria such as Escherichia_Shigella, producing more SCFAs during fermentation. These findings suggest that ASBP-CF has potential as a dietary supplement to improve gut health, presenting a high-value utilization strategy for adlay seed bran.

Excellent cycle stability of Fe loaded on N-doped activated carbon for microwave hydrogenolysis of lignin

Microwave-assisted hydrogenolysis of lignin is an emerging alternative to conventional depolymerization capable of converting lignin into aromatic compounds. Activated carbon (AC) supported Fe component have been shown to be cost-effective for this process, but its cycle stability needs to be improved due to Fe agglomeration. Herein, a strategy of nitrogen doping to promote stability was developed, which utilized melamine (C3H6N6) as nitrogen source to prepare the catalyst of N-doped AC supported Fe (Fe/N-AC). The catalyst characterization indicated that the N-doped AC acted as anchor points for Fe components, avoiding catalyst deactivation from the source. Fe/N-AC presented an excellent cycle stability, remaining a phenolic compound selectivity of 93.3 % after five cycles and a decrease of only 4.79 % (compared to the first). The DFT calculation results revealed that Fe/N-AC tended to break CAr-OCH3 during the hydrogenolysis of guaiacol, with an energy barrier of 0.877 eV. This work proposes a simple and effective strategy to improve the stability of lignin hydrogenolysis catalysts, providing important references for the high-valued utilization of lignin.

Bamboo Kraft Pulp Black Liquor as a Renewable Source of Value-Added Carbon Dots

China is the country with the most abundant bamboo resources in the world. Using bamboo as a raw material for pulping and papermaking can save a lot of wood and protect forests. Bamboo pulping enterprises mostly adopt sulfate processes to produce a large amount of black liquor (BL), which contains monosaccharides, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, pectin, lignin, etc. The utilization of the high-value organic matter is of great economic and environmental significance. In this study, blue-green carbon dots (C-dots) were prepared from bamboo (Lingnania chungii) kraft pulp BL using a hydrothermal method. The changes in carbohydrate content in BL in relation to hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time were discussed in detail. Then, a series of characterizations of BL-C-dots, prepared under one of the hydrothermal conditions (180 °C, 6 h), were performed and the BL-C-dots showed an excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and a quantum yield (QY) of 2.9% in an aqueous solution. Finally, the as-prepared BL-C-dots were successfully used as fluorescent materials to develop an anti-counterfeiting code. The fluorescent code exhibited a clear outline, an excitation-tunable color, good stability, and high security, showing great anti-counterfeiting potential and realizing the high-value utilization of BL.

Lactobacillus plantarum increase the sulforaphane formation efficiency via microbial-targeted delivery system in vivo

Sulforaphane is produced by glucoraphanin under the catalysis of myrosinase in crushed cruciferous plants and is well known for its anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic and functions. Researches have shown that microorganisms could convert glucoraphanin into sulforaphane in human body and natural environment. However, the transformation efficiency of sulforaphane by intestinal microorganisms is not sufficient. In order to improve human health, this research focused on screening and delivering probiotics with high sulforaphane transformation efficiency into human body and promoting probiotics to produce more sulforaphane. In this research, microorganisms capable of transforming sulforaphane in nature were screened, identified, and further delivered to intestine through a microbe-targeted delivery system (thiolated oxidized konjac glucomannan, sOKGM) to improve the in vivo transformation efficiency of sulforaphane. The results showed that the sulforaphane was converted from glucoraphanin with higher transformation rate of 0.1863 × 10−4 mol h−1 logCFU−1 in Lactobacillus plantarum than that of L. acidophilus and L. paracasei. In addition, the encapsulation efficiency of L. plantarum by microbe-targeted delivery system was 87.02%, with the survival rate of 28.33%. The sulforaphane content of embedded L. plantarum group was 3.075 × 10−3 mol L−1, which was significantly higher than that of not embedded L. plantarum group (1.430 × 10−3 mol L−1) after digestion with simulated gastrointestinal fluid. This research revealed that L. plantarum could effectively improve the transformation efficiency of sulforaphane in human intestines, providing strong experimental evidence to support the high-value utilization of sulforaphane and enhancement of human health.

Waste-To-Energy: Sustainable Triboelectric Stimulating System Constructed by Bone Gelatin Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Crop Growth.

The misuse of synthetic chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers harms the environment and human health. Abandoning them risks global food shortages. Urgent eco-friendly alternatives are needed for food production without excessive synthetic chemicals. To respond to this challenge, an innovative approach uses POSS polymer (PA)to modify waste bone gelatin (BG), constructinginga biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerator (PAG-TENG) tailored for the triboelectric stimulating system for seed germination (PTSS). Amide groups of PA improve the electron supplying capacity of BG and 3D cage structure captures and transfers charges of BG, thereby improving the output performance of PAG-TENG. The spatial electrostatic field formed by PAG-TENG promotes seed germination when subjected to pressure changes in the environment. Hence output performance of PAG-TENG is improved from 52.34V and 40.25 nA to 247.15V and 482.12 nA, the sensitivity is 14.4957 V*kPa-1. It maintains initial stable performance after the 6000 cycles of testing. Besides, the prepared PAG-TENG has good toughness, translucency, and degradability. Treated by the high voltage electrostatic field of PTSS, peas' germination rate remarkably increased by ≈27%. This work realizes the high-value utilization of waste resource BG, and provides a novel direction for the development of intelligent agriculture.

Synthesis of N-doped activated carbon with ultra-microporous and the capacity to store hydrogen

N-doped ultra-microporous activated carbon was made from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. straw in the Tibetan Plateau region and cesium chloride as activator and used for H2 adsorption and storage. Its structure was characterized by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and other techniques. The results showed that the adsorbent had a well-developed microporous structure, and its specific surface area was as high as 804 m2 ·g-1. Its major pore sizes were all distributed in the ultra-micropores of 0.62 nm. The adsorbent also had a high H2 adsorption storage capacity, which could reach 12.2 cm3·g-1 at an adsorption pressure of 1 MPa and an adsorption temperature of 298 K. This study provides a new way to improve the high value utilization of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. straw and solid hydrogen storage and provides corresponding evidence that CsCl can be used as an activator for ultra-microporous activated carbon.

Effective removal of Pb2+ from water by a novel magnetic Fe3O4-MnO2 composite prepared from steel pickling waste liquid: Adsorption behavior and mechanism

The high-value utilization of steel pickling waste liquid (SPWL) is an important direction in the resourceful utilization of hazardous waste. In this study, nano-Fe3O4 prepared from SPWL (S-Fe3O4) was hydrothermally compounded with MnO2 as Fe3O4-MnO2 (SFM), which were compared with Fe3O4-MnO2 (CFM) prepared by chemical reagents. The synthetic materials were evaluated by SEM, VSM, BET, XRD, and zeta potential, the results show that the spherical S-Fe3O4 was encapsulated by spiny spherical shell-like MnO2, and the SFM has a high saturation magnetization and specific surface area (159.91 m2/g). The adsorption experiments demonstrated that the adsorption effect of SFM on Pb2+ is highly similar to that of CFM. The maximal adsorption capacity of SFM reached 129.74 mg/g under ideal composite ratio and pH conditions, and the adsorption process was unaffected by competing heavy metal ions coexisting in the environment. Moreover, the high saturation magnetization strength of the SFM makes it simple to separate materials under a magnetic field. The pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models provided a good description of the Pb2+ adsorption on SFM. XPS and FTIR analysis provided evidence that the adsorbent surface has a high concentration of -OH functional groups, and that O atoms serve as Pb2+ binding sites, suggesting that ion exchange occurs during the SFM adsorption process. In this paper, we developed a cheap SFM with high adsorption performance and provided a novel approach to the high-value application of SPWL.

Sewage sludge valorization via phytohormones production: Parameter regulation and process evaluation

Sludge treatment is of great significance for environmental protection and sustainable development. Existing treatment technologies fall short in terms of carbon emissions, process efficiency, and resource recovery. This study focuses on alkaline hydrothermal treatment, proposing a short-cycle, low-energy, high-value management process for sludge valorization. Here, we investigate the impact of treatment duration, temperature, and solid content on the synthesis of high-value products and their effects on both solid and liquid phases. Based on the comprehensive results, 2 h, 160 °C, and 14 % solid content can be regarded as the optimized treatment condition. The resulting products, including phytohormones, humic substances, and essential nutrients (C, N, P and K), exhibit substantial potential for high-value agricultural utilization. In the unconcentrated solution, a single phytohormone can reach a concentration of 104 μg/L. Heavy metal content is well below standard limits, simultaneously achieving biological stability, and the volume can be reduced to 60 %. This process is 42.12 times more energy-efficient than conventional anaerobic digestion. This novel approach promotes waste resource recycling and sustainable urban management.

Microwave pyrolysis of Choerospondias axillaris seeds with their derived biochar for comprehensive utilization of the biomass

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising resource for producing biofuels with improved properties and has been extensively utilized in microwave pyrolysis. This study explores the use of Choerospondias axillaris seeds for bio-oil production, with the derived biochar serving as both a microwave absorber and in-situ catalyst. The research characterized the biochar including SEM, BET, NH3-TPD, FTIR, etc, and investigated the impact of different heating modes and types of microwave absorbers on the composition and distribution of pyrolysis products. The results demonstrated that the biochar exhibits excellent microwave absorption properties and catalytic performance. The biochar exhibits a dielectric loss tangent of 0.23 and a specific surface area of 154.54 m2·g−1, characterized by a rich hollow porous structure and surface functional groups. It contains metal elements such as Na, K, and Ca, along with Lewis acid sites, making it an excellent microwave absorption catalyst. Furthermore, the study investigated the effects of microwave power and pyrolysis temperature, revealing that optimal conditions of 700 W and 500 °C result in a fast heating rate of 77.7 °C·min−1, a bio-oil yield of 34.5 wt%, and an aromatics relative content of 61.0 %. The stability of the biochar as a microwave absorption catalyst was evaluated through a reuse study, demonstrating its relatively excellent warming characteristics and product distribution even after five cycles. In summary, this paper proposed an innovative method that employs the derived biochar to enhance biomass pyrolysis, thereby achieving the comprehensive and high-value utilization of Choerospondias axillaris seeds and providing a viable pathway for their sustainable development.