High Utilization Rate Research Articles

WITHDRAWN: Evidence Synthesis to Advance Clinical Practice and Scientific Research: A CGH Pillar

WITHDRAWN: Evidence Synthesis to Advance Clinical Practice and Scientific Research: A CGH Pillar

Iron boride boosted Fenton oxidation: Boron species induced sustainable FeIII/FeII redox couple.

The regeneration of Fe(II) is the rate-limiting step in the Fenton/Fenton-like chain reactions that seriously hinder their scientific progress towards practical application. In this study, we proposed iron boride (FeB) for the first time as a new material to sustainably decompose H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals, which can non-selectively degrade a wide array of refractory organic pollutants. Fe(II) can be steadily released by the stepwise oxidation of FeB to stimulate Fenton reaction, meanwhile, B-B bonds as electron donors on the surface of FeB effectively promote the regeneration of Fe(II) from Fe(III) species and significantly accelerate the production of hydroxyl radicals. The low generation of toxic by-products and the high utilization rate of iron species validly avoid the secondary organic/metal pollution in the FeB/H2O2 system. Therefore, FeB mediated Fenton oxidation provides a novel strategy to realize a green and long-lasting environmental remediation.

Analyses of Pre‐Excavation Grouting for TBM Tunnelling

AbstractPre‐excavation grouting (PEG) is essential for mitigating groundwater inflow to unlined tunnel structures. Prevention of initial water inflow proved best practice to balance groundwater conditions throughout the utilisation of a tunnel. The grouted rock mass acts as a circumferential sealing barrier instead of a secondary lining to minimise groundwater inflow to an acceptable level over the structure's lifetime. The construction of unlined tunnels relies on existing favourable in‐situ rock mass conditions with an overall low hydraulic head, mainly to keep the effort of grouting inferior and avoid an unbalanced proportion of pre‐excavation grouting during the tunnel construction works.From the operational perspective of tunnelling works, pre‐excavation grouting delineates the continuous excavation process of a TBM and represents a discontinuative work process. In addition, grouting includes an exploration process ahead of the cutterhead to predict the ground conditions to align the sealing demand of the rock mass. Generally, pre‐excavation grouting foresees the drilling of mainly open boreholes with a considerable length of 20 m to 25 m ahead of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). Establishing a continuous grouted zone around the tunnel demands an overlapping of the grouting rings ranging from 2 m to 10 m. The overlapping decreases the excavation length of the TBM adequately. The repetitive grouting process interfering with the excavation consists of various processes such as exploration including water loss measuring (WLM), the drilling and grouting of boreholes and the hardening time.TBM tunnelling depends on the systematic and continuous implementation of construction procedures. Therefore, based on current static pre‐excavation grouting, an agile combined grouting and excavation approach is presented, incorporating a reliable pre‐excavation grouting, a systematic TBM excavation and a specific balance of long‐term sealing and high utilisation rates for TBM excavation.

Relationship between Claims-Based Frailty Index and Eye Care Utilization among Medicare Beneficiaries with Glaucoma

To determine differences in eye care utilization by frailty levels among Medicare beneficiaries with glaucoma. Retrospective cohort study. Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries over 65 years of age with glaucoma, identified using International Classification of Diseases codes before July 1,2014. By using a validated claims-based frailty index (range, 0-1), beneficiaries were classified as nonfrail/prefrail (0-0.19), mildly frail (0.20-0.29), and moderate-to-severely frail (≥ 0.30). Negative binomial regression analyses were used to estimate incident rate ratios (IRRs) of eye care utilization by frailty levels between July 1, 2014, and December 31,2016. Current Procedural Terminology codes for eye examinations and eye care-related office visits; eye care-related inpatient and emergency department (ED) encounters; eye care-related nursing facility and home-visit encounters; visual field (VF) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) OCT tests; and selective laser trabeculoplasties (SLTs) and glaucoma surgeries. Among 76 260 Medicare beneficiaries with glaucoma, the mean age was 78.9 years (standard deviation, 7.8), female beneficiaries constituted 60.5%, and 78.7% of beneficiaries self-identified as non-Hispanic White. According to a claims-based frailty index, 79.5% of beneficiaries were nonfrail/prefrail, 17.1% were mildly frail, and 3.4% were moderate-to-severely frail. Moderate-to-severely frail beneficiaries were less likely than nonfrail/prefrail beneficiaries to have outpatient encounters (IRR, 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-0.88); VF tests (IRR, 0.64, 95% CI, 0.60-0.67); RNFL OCT tests (IRR, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.73-0.81); SLT (IRR, 0.74, 95% CI, 0.60-0.92); and glaucoma surgery (IRR, 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.99), after adjusting for age, gender, glaucoma severity, race, and socioeconomic status. Compared with nonfrail/prefrail beneficiaries, moderate-to-severely frail beneficiaries had higher rates of inpatient/ED encounters (IRR, 5.03, 95% CI, 2.36-10.71) and nursing facility/home-visit encounters (IRR, 34.89, 95% CI, 14.82-82.13). Compared with nonfrail/prefrail Medicare beneficiaries with glaucoma, beneficiaries with moderate-to-severe frailty had lower rates of eye care utilization in the outpatient setting and higher rates of utilization in acute care settings. This suggests that frail patients may receive less disease monitoring and fewer interventions for their glaucoma management. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Enabling stable cycling performance with rice husk silica positive additive in lead-acid battery

Lead-acid battery has been widely used in stationary energy storages, such as photovoltaic application, grid service and uninterrupted power system due to the advantages of high safety, recyclability, and low cost. However, the low cyclic performance limits its further applications in emerging functions. One of the main failure modes is caused by the high polarization on the PbO2 positive plate. Herein, the rice husk silica with hierarchical porous structure was used as the positive additive for preventing from the high polarization of the PbO2 positive plate. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isothermal and X-ray diffraction confirmed that the hierarchical porous rice husk silica enlarged the electrochemical surface area of the PbO2 positive plate, endowing a high rate of active material utilization and low polarization during the charging process. Compared with the blank plate, the PbO2 plate with rice husk silica showed improved Coulombic efficiency and a prolonged cycle life. These notable features verify that the porous rice husk silica is a cost-effective positive additive for sustained lead-acid batteries.

Utilization of phosphogypsum to synthesize α-hemihydrate gypsum in H3PO4–H2O solution

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a kind of industrial solid waste with high impurity content and low utilization rate. In this study, α-hemihydrate gypsum (α-HH) was synthesized from PG in H3PO4–H2O solution (wet-process phosphoric acid solution and phosphoric acid solution) under atmospheric pressure. The crystal morphology of α-HH was controlled by adding F and Al compound regulators, and the mechanical properties of α-HH were improved. The difference of α-HH synthesized by PG with different qualities was analyzed, and the mechanism of α-HH morphology was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed that in the wet-process phosphoric acid solution, α-HH synthesized from white PG (by H3PO4–H2SO4 two-step method) had better whiteness, purity, and mechanical properties compared with that from industrial PG, and the performance indexes of the α-HH products met the requirements of α50 grade in JC/T 2038–2010 α-high-strength gypsum in China and have a good commercial application prospect. Moreover, in the phosphoric acid solution, the average diameter of the α-HH crystal increased from 8.1 µm to 54.8 µm, the average aspect (L/D) ratio decreased from 32.65 to 0.52, and the induction period and growth period of the α-HH crystal were prolonged with the increase in regulator dosage. F− and Al3+ ions were preferred to adsorb on the crystal faces. The growth of the crystal parallel to c-axis (200), (020), and (400) was inhibited, and the morphology of the α-HH crystal changed from whisker to short column. When the dosage of the regulator was 1.1 %, the 2 h bending strength of the α-HH product was 6.56 MPa, and the drying compressive strength was 52.4 MPa. This study provides a new technique and method for the synthesis of high-strength α-HH products from PG.

Optimal network‐aware virtual data center embedding

SummaryRecently, the virtual data center embedding (VDCE) problem has drawn significant attention because of a growing need for efficient means of data center resource allocation. By ensuring a set of virtual data center (VDC) integration requests coming from his customers, among the main concern of an infrastructure provider is the maximization of the utilization rate of data center resources and benefits. However, existing VDCE solutions mostly focus on consolidating virtual machines in a single physical data center. Therefore, in this work, we improve the consolidated targets techniques, that consider only the virtual machines integration, by the consideration of network devices and fabrics (e.g., switches and paths/links). We consider new unreleased constraints such as multiple virtual nodes of the same request co‐location, and intermediate node requirements when a virtual link is mapped. To address the above problem, in this paper, we propose a binary linear programming‐based model, called BLP‐VDCE, to solve the VDCE problem with network‐aware consideration. This model ensures a simultaneous consolidated embedding of virtual nodes and virtual links. Extensive simulations show that solving the proposed BLP‐VDCE model can efficiently embed VDC requests with a high physical resource utilization rate.

Research Status and Prospects for the Utilization of Lead–Zinc Tailings as Building Materials

Lead–zinc tailings are the typical solid wastes in mines with high yield and low utilization rates in some countries at present. They are mainly stockpiled in tailings reservoirs, occupying massive land resources and threatening the health of the environment. One of the advantages of building material production in sustainability is the ability to utilize large amounts of industrial solid wastes, and the use of lead–zinc tailings in building materials is an effective way to meet the dual needs of environmental protection and economic development. This paper reviews the progress of utilizing lead–zinc tailings as building materials and mainly summarizes the status of lead–zinc tailings in cement, geopolymer, concrete, building brick, and foam ceramic. According to previous research, lead–zinc tailings contain large amounts of silica–alumina oxide, which can be used in the production of cement clinker. The addition of lead–zinc tailings to the sintered material can reduce the sintering temperature. The active components contained in lead–zinc tailings can be used in concrete instead of cement or in the preparation of geopolymers. Meanwhile, lead–zinc tailings can also be used as a fine aggregate. However, there are few studies on the durability of building materials with lead–zinc tailings. Additionally, most of the research results of building materials are in the laboratory stage, which are difficult to be promoted. In view of these problems, corresponding suggestions and prospects are given in the end in order to provide a reference for the research on the utilization of lead–zinc tailings.

The corrosion and discharge behavior of high-performance Mg-7Li-1Y alloy as anode for Mg-air batteries

In this work, the microstructure, corrosion resistance and discharge properties of the as-extruded Mg-7Li-1Y alloy are systematically studied. The results show that the as-extruded Mg-7Li-1Y alloy is mainly composed of the α-Mg and β-Li phases with an obvious bimodal microstructure. Although the as-extruded Mg-7Li-1Y alloy exhibits relatively poor corrosion resistance with the impedance value of only 163.68 Ω·cm2 and the corrosion current density of 9.5 × 10−5 A/cm2 in 3.5% NaCl solution, it possesses an outstanding discharge performance with a discharge voltage of 1.35 V and a high anode utilization rate of 59% at the current density of 10 mA/cm2. Meanwhile, it has a high specific energy density with about 1870 mWh·g−1 at the current density of 10 mA/cm2. The analysis indicates that the β-Li phase, low hydrogen evolution reaction and the unique morphologies of discharge products are responsible for the improvement of the electrochemical activity and the discharge performance of the Mg-7Li-1Y alloy.

Improved tensile strength and fatigue properties of wire-arc additively manufactured 2319 aluminum alloy by surface laser shock peening

Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been extensively studied thanks to its high material utilization rate and ability to form large-size components. However, due to the considerable internal porosity, the as-build (AB) parts usually exhibit poor tensile and fatigue properties. In this study, laser shock peening (LSP) was applied as a post-treatment method on WAAMed 2319 aluminum alloy. By performing LSP on the surfaces of the material, an influencing layer with a thickness of 1.3 mm was generated. The peak hardness and yield strength increased by 30.2% and 151.2%, respectively. Under the action of concentrated compressive residual stress (CRS) around the pore defects, the number density of pores is reduced by 65.3%, while collapsed large-size pores were observed. The combined effect of CRS, surface hardening layer, and defect reduction doubles the fatigue life. The “Ladder” like mutation was observed in the failure process, and its formation can be attributed to the resistance between pores and CRS.

A pectin-based photoactivated bactericide nanosystem for achieving an improved utilization rate, photostability and targeted delivery of hematoporphyrin.

Photoactivated pesticides have many advantages, such as high activity, low toxicity, and no drug resistance. However, poor photostability and a low utilization rate limit their practical application. Herein, the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin (HP) was used as a photoactivated pesticide, covalently linked with pectin (PEC) via ester bonds, to prepare an amphiphilic polymer pro-bactericide, and subsequently self-assembled in aqueous solutions to obtain an esterase-triggered nanobactericide delivery system. The fluorescence quenching effect due to the aggregation of HP in nanoparticles (NPs) enabled the inhibition of photodegradation of HP in this system. Esterase stimulation could trigger HP release and increase its photodynamic activity. Antibacterial assays have shown that the NPs had potent antibacterial capacity, almost completely inactivating bacteria after 60 min of exposure to light. The NPs had good adherence to the leaves. Safety assessment indicated that the NPs have no obvious toxic effects on plants. Antibacterial studies on plants have shown that the NPs have excellent antibacterial effects on infected plants. These results provide a new strategy for obtaining a photoactivated bactericide nanosystem with a high utilization rate and good photostability and targeting ability.

Abstract A027: Evaluation of psychotropic medication usage patterns in patients with pancreatic cancer by race/ethnicity

Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has been associated with detrimental impacts on psychological wellbeing. Reported PC-related depression and anxiety rates are higher than in other types of cancer. A substantial component to improve psychological well-being in patients with PC is the use of drug therapy to provide symptomatic relief. The presence of racial disparities in the utilization of psychotropic medication has been reported in some cancer types. However, despite these known racial disparities and the increased psychiatric symptoms in patients with PC, there has not been an evaluation of racial disparities in psychotropic medication use among patients with PC. The purpose of this study was to describe usage patterns of psychotropic medications by race among patients diagnosed with PC. Methods: Utilizing the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (NCI SEER)- Medicare linked database, our analysis included all patients with a PC diagnosis and an active outpatient prescription claim for psychotropic medications from 2009-2018. Prescription claims were specific to patients diagnosed with PC and stratified by self-identified race/ethnicity. Patients who were on psychotropic medications before PC diagnosis, or unspecified race/ethnicity were excluded from the analysis. Psychotropic pharmacological agents consisted of anxiolytics, antidepressants, and anti-delirium/antipsychotic medications. Results: 71,700 participants were included in the analysis. Racial/ethnic participant breakdown included 80% White, 12% African American/Black, 4.5% Asian/Pacific Islander, 3% Hispanic, and 0.25% Native American. Results are presented as an unadjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). As compared to White patients, African American/Black (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.57-0.64), Asian/Pacific Islander (RR 0.52; 95% CI 0.48-0.58), and Hispanic (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.55-0.67) patients had lower utilization of anxiolytics. For antidepressant medications, African American/Black (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.71-0.77), Asian/Pacific Islander (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.58-0.66), and Hispanic (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.82-0.92) patients had less utilization compared to White patients. For anti-delirium/antipsychotic agents, African American/Black (RR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01-1.17) had a higher risk of utilization while Asian/Pacific Islander (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.73-0.95) had less utilization when compared to White patients. No other differences were noted in psychotropic medication use by race/ethnicity. Conclusion: The study showed that utilization patterns of psychotropic agents in patients with PC varied by race/ethnicity. Racial/ethnic minorities had lower utilization rates for most of the drug classes except anti-delirium/antipsychotic agents in which African American/Black had higher utilization rates when compared to White patients. Further research needs to be carried out to examine social and clinical factors causing this phenomenon. Citation Format: MegCholack Awunti, Yi Guo, Sherise Rogers, Lisa Scarton, Diana Wilkie, John Allen. Evaluation of psychotropic medication usage patterns in patients with pancreatic cancer by race/ethnicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A027.

A Frequency Multiplexing Patch Antenna Array for Space Selectable Microwave Heating

Space-selectable microwave heating is a new trend of customized heating at present and in the future. Controllable antenna array (CAA) can effectively achieve space-selectable heating, which has drawn wide attention. In this article, a novel CAA approach of frequency multiplexing patch antenna array (FMPA) is proposed, with which the constituted patch elements have totally different resonant frequencies and each patch element exclusively takes charge of the heating task for certain subarea of entire planar area under heating. An all-metal four-element FMPA is designed as an example. It is integrated with a metal chamber where the target heating area is enclosed. Simulation results verify that the proposed FMPA has the function of independent space-selectable heating. Then, a controllable microwave heating system is built for the subsequent heating experiment. The experiment shows that, after the corresponding patch element being activated, the coverage ratio of each target heating subarea is more than 90%, and the error ratio is less than 1.5%. The proposed CAA technique of the FMPA enjoys vast potential in customized heating applications that has higher requirements for resolution of the subareas under heating. Its advantages include low cost, low loss, and high space utilization rate.

Noble metal nanodendrites: growth mechanisms, synthesis strategies and applications.

Inorganic nanodendrites (NDs) have become a kind of advanced nanomaterials with broad application prospects because of their unique branched architecture. The structural characteristics of nanodendrites include highly branched morphology, abundant tips/edges and high-index crystal planes, and a high atomic utilization rate, which give them great potential for usage in the fields of electrocatalysis, sensing, and therapeutics. Therefore, the rational design and controlled synthesis of inorganic (especially noble metals) nanodendrites have attracted widespread attention nowadays. The development of synthesis strategies and characterization methodology provides unprecedented opportunities for the preparation of abundant nanodendrites with interesting crystallographic structures, morphologies, and application performances. In this review, we systematically summarize the formation mechanisms of noble metal nanodendrites reported in recent years, with a special focus on surfactant-mediated mechanisms. Some typical examples obtained by innovative synthetic methods are then highlighted and recent advances in the application of noble metal nanodendrites are carefully discussed. Finally, we conclude and present the prospects for the future development of nanodendrites. This review helps to deeply understand the synthesis and application of noble metal nanodendrites and may provide some inspiration to develop novel functional nanomaterials (especially electrocatalysts) with enhanced performance.

Research progress on degradation of organic pollutants based on metal–organic frameworks materials

As an advanced oxidation process, Fenton oxidation has attracted much attention because its reactants and products are green and pollution - free. The traditional Fenton oxidation method has some problems, such as high PH requirement and low utilization rate of hydrogen peroxide. Over the past few years, the advancements in application research of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have presented innovative and effective ideas for addressing the aforementioned issues. This paper presents the recent advancements in Fenton oxidation technique utilizing Fenton-based materials. Based on literature analysis, it can be seen that Fe-based MOFs were initially used for catalytic reaction and the research shows that the catalytic activity of Fe-based MOFs can be increased by increasing the number of unsaturated Fe metal sites. And the doping of other metals into Fe-based MOF or dual ligand Fe-based MOFs can play a role in changing the structure and increasing the unsaturated metal sites which can further expand the direct application of MOFs in the Fenton oxidation method. However, due to the limited types of iron-based MOFs, non-iron-based MOFs materials and indirect use of MOFs have been reported in the indirect use of MOFs, catalytic active substances can be compounded into MOFs materials through in-situ growth, forming a synergistic effect to improve the efficiency of degradation by means of carbonization or pyrolysis of MOFs, MOFs derived materials can be obtained.

Insight into the kinetic behavior of microwave-assisted synthesis of NaX zeolite from lithium slag

Using microwave-assisted technology to shorten the synthesis time of NaX zeolite and proposing the reaction mechanism for synthesizing NaX zeolite from waste lithium slag.

Key issues of Development and Utilization of New Energy in China under Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

High-quality development of new energy cannot be achieved without high-level utilization. Utilization rate has become a barometer to measure the effectiveness of new energy management. Through the joint efforts of government departments, power generation enterprises, power grid enterprises, and industry insiders and outsiders, new energy utilization rate has remained above 95% for many years, achieving high-level utilization during large-scale development. In the future, with the continuous increase in the penetration rate of new energy, maintaining high utilization rates presents significant challenges in terms of technology and cost. This paper utilizes the NEOS software independently developed by the State Grid Energy Research Institute to analyse the utilization of new energy in the future and proposes relevant policy recommendations for reasonable utilization rates.

Recent Approaches for Downplaying Antibiotic Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a ubiquitous public health menace. AMR emergence causes complications in treating infections contributing to an upsurge in the mortality rate. The epidemic of AMR in sync with a high utilization rate of antimicrobial drugs signifies an alarming situation for the fleet recovery of both animals and humans. The emergence of resistant species calls for new treatments and therapeutics. Current records propose that health drug dependency, veterinary medicine, agricultural application, and vaccination reluctance are the primary etymology of AMR gene emergence and spread. Recently, several encouraging avenues have been presented to contest resistance, such as antivirulent therapy, passive immunization, antimicrobial peptides, vaccines, phage therapy, and botanical and liposomal nanoparticles. Most of these therapies are used as cutting-edge methodologies to downplay antibacterial drugs to subdue the resistance pressure, which is a featured motive of discussion in this review article. AMR can fade away through the potential use of current cutting-edge therapeutics, advancement in antimicrobial susceptibility testing, new diagnostic testing, prompt clinical response, and probing of new pharmacodynamic properties of antimicrobials. It also needs to promote future research on contemporary methods to maintain host homeostasis after infections caused by AMR. Referable to the microbial ability to break resistance, there is a great ultimatum for using not only appropriate and advanced antimicrobial drugs but also other neoteric diverse cutting-edge therapeutics.

The Utilization Premium

We study the interaction of flexible capital utilization and depreciation for expected returns and investment of firms. Empirically, an investment strategy that buys (sells) equities with low (high) utilization rates earns 5% per annum. Utilization predicts excess returns beyond other production-based variables. We reconcile this novel utilization premium quantitatively using a production model. The model suggests that flexible utilization is important for matching the cross-sectional distribution of investment and stock prices jointly. A model without flexible utilization yields many counterfactuals that flexible utilization addresses by making depreciation fluctuate endogenously. Overall, utilization tightens the link between firms’ production and valuations. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4647 .

Utilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Related Hospital Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study of US Hospitals.

Background In this study, we aimed to provide a descriptive overview of the utilization of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), determine the rates of HSCT use stratified by patients' demographic characteristics, and measure the hospitalization outcomes. Methodology Weconducted a cross-sectional study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) obtained from hospitals in the United States. Our sample included 21,385 adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with a primary discharge diagnosis of AML. The sample was further grouped by inpatients who were managed with HSCT and chemotherapy as the primary procedure. We compared the demographic characteristics and hospital outcomes in AML inpatients across treatment cohorts by performing descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test. Next, we measured the differences in continuous variables (length of stay and cost) using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results The hospital-based utilization rate of HSCT was 0.4% in AML inpatients. The utilization rate of HSCT was higher in females (0.5%), African Americans (0.6%), those with median household incomes above the 50th percentile (0.5%), and those covered by private insurance (0.8%). A significantly higher proportion of AML inpatients with HSCT had depression (22.2% vs. 11.4% in total). AML inpatients receiving HSCT had significantly longer hospitalization stays and higher treatment costs than those receiving chemotherapy. The all-cause inpatient mortality was 11.6% in AML inpatients. Statistically, there were no significant differences by treatment. Conclusions HSCT appears to be underutilized for the treatment of AML. This treatment had a higher utilization rate in femalesand those from high-income families and was covered by private insurance. The utilization of chemotherapy and HSCT did not significantly differ in the presence of comorbidities, except for depression and hypertension having a higher utilization of HSCT.