High TV Research Articles

Patriarchal backlash: Representations of sexual violence on Uruguayan TV

The article investigates the tensions between feminist conceptualizations of sexual violence and the persistence of patriarchal discourses that challenge it resulting in a justification of violence and misogynistic representations in a Uruguayan TV program. We argue that the return of conservative discourses that question sexual harassment accusations, reinstate gender differences, and gender inequality by installing a new normativity and naturalization of violence against women. Through the analysis of representations, evaluations, and discourse strategies deployed in two episodes of a high rating debate TV show centered on sexual violence, we show the victims are not recognized as such. There is a recontextualization of the sexual violence situation by which participants in the TV show challenge the policies and practices that have been recently established to prevent and sanction sexual violence. The findings evidence certain cultural transformations in the threshold of moral sensibility that define what is acceptable or not and make visible a patriarchal backlash.

Associations between Recreational Screen Time and Brain Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Large Prospective Cohort Study

ObjectivesTo investigate the associations of recreational screen time with risks of brain-related disorders (dementia, stroke, and Parkinson's disease) and neuroimaging features. DesignProspective cohort study. Setting and ParticipantsA total of 407,792 participants from the UK Biobank who were free of dementia, stroke, or Parkinson's disease at enrollment (2006–2010). MethodsTV viewing and time spent using the computer were self-reported at baseline. Among a subsample of 40,692 participants, neuroimaging features were measured by magnetic resonance imaging in 2014. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models, restricted cubic spline models, and general linear regression models. ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 5227 incident dementia, 6822 stroke, and 2308 Parkinson's disease cases were identified. Compared with TV viewing >0–1 h/day, watching TV ≥5 h/day was associated with higher risks of dementia [hazard ratio (HR), 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28–1.62], stroke (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01–1.25), and Parkinson's disease (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06–1.54). Moreover, we observed inverse associations between TV viewing time and both gray matter volume and hippocampus volume (Ptrend <.001). However, we did not observe the significant associations between discretional computer use and brain-related disorders or neuroimaging features. Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings suggest that high TV viewing time is associated with increased risk of various brain-related disorders, highlighting recreational TV viewing could have an important impact on brain-related health.

Protection of a 193.5-m High Concrete Tube-Shaped TV Tower Close to Subway Excavations

Protection of a 193.5-m High Concrete Tube-Shaped TV Tower Close to Subway Excavations

Relationship between TV Watching during Childhood and Adolescence, and Artery Function in Adulthood.

Artery dysfunction is an early, integral stage in atherogenesis that predicts future cardiovascular events. Sedentary behavior, such as TV watching, is highly prevalent and associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated whether patterns of TV watching throughout childhood and adolescence were associated with artery function in adulthood. TV watching data were collected when participants of the Raine Study were aged 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, and 20 yr. Previous latent class analysis indicated three trajectory groups of TV watching: low TV (<14 h·wk -1 ), high TV (>14 h·wk -1 ), and increasing TV (change from low TV to high TV). At age 28 yr, participants were invited to undergo tests of brachial and femoral artery function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). General linear models examined differences in artery function between TV trajectory groups for men and women. Five hundred sixty participants (n = 261 women, n = 299 men) were included in the study. In women, the low TV group had significantly greater femoral artery FMD (10.8 ± 1.6%) than both High TV (9.0 ± 1.3%, P = 0.005) and Increasing TV groups (8.5 ± 1.3%, P < 0.001); these results were maintained following mediation analysis, including contemporaneous risk factors. There were no significant differences in femoral artery FMD between TV trajectory groups in men ( P = 0.955). This study suggests that TV watching behaviors during childhood and adolescence may have legacy impacts on artery function at age 28 yr, particularly in women. This may increase the risk of atherosclerotic vascular pathologies in later life.

Leisure-Time Television Viewing and Computer Use, Family History, and Incidence of Dementia

Introduction: Time spent on screen-based sedentary activities is significantly associated with dementia risk, however, whether the associations vary by family history (FHx) of dementia is currently unknown. We aimed to examine independent associations of two prevalent types of screen-based sedentary activities (television [TV] viewing and computer use) with dementia and assess the modifying effect of FHx. Methods: We included 415,048 individuals free of dementia from the UK Biobank. Associations of TV viewing, computer use, and FHx with dementia risk were determined using Cox regression models. We estimated both multiplicative- and additive-scale interactions between TV viewing and computer use and FHx. Results: During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 5,549 participants developed dementia. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we observed that moderate (2–3 h/day; hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.03–1.23) and high (>3 h/day; 1.33, 1.21–1.46) TV viewing was associated with a higher dementia risk, compared with low (0–1 h/day) TV viewing. Using restricted cubic spline models, the relationship of TV viewing with dementia was nonlinear (relative to 0 h/day; p for nonlinear = 0.005). We found that >3 h/day of TV viewing was associated with a 42% (1.42, 1.18–1.71) higher dementia risk in participants with FHx while a 30% (1.30, 1.17–1.45) in those without FHx. For computer use, both low (0 h/day; 1.41, 1.33–1.50) and high (>2 h/day; 1.17, 1.05–1.29) computer use were associated with elevated dementia risk, compared with moderate (1–2 h/day) computer use. We observed a J-shaped relationship with dementia (relative to 2 h/day; p for nonlinear <0.001). Compared with 1–2 h/day of computer use, the HRs of dementia were 1.46 (1.29–1.65) and 1.10 (0.90–1.36) for 0 h/day and >2 h/day of computer use in participants with FHx, respectively, while the corresponding HRs were 1.40 (1.30–1.50) and 1.19 (1.06–1.33) in those without FHx. We observed a positive additive interaction (RERI 0.29, 0.06–0.53) between computer use and FHx, while little evidence of interaction between TV viewing and FHx. Conclusions: The time spent on TV viewing and computer use were independent risk factors for dementia, and the adverse effects of computer use and FHx were additive. Our findings point to new behavioral targets for intervention on preventing an early onset of dementia, especially for those with FHx.

O.4.3-4 Associations between screen-time media use, physical activity, and positive and negative mental health outcomes among adolescents in Ireland: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Purpose Understanding the individual and joint associations of positive and negative mental health with screen-time and physical activity (PA) among adolescents is essential to develop enhanced guidance for prevention strategies and appropriate interventions. Methods Participants (n=879, n = 463 female, mean age 14.71 (SD = 1.51) years) from second-level schools in Ireland completed a battery of well-validated questionnaires assessing hours of daily screen-time use (TV, computer, and phone), PA levels (PACE+) (low (0–2 day/week), moderate (3–4 day/week), or high (5+day/week), and mental health outcomes (anxiety (STAI-Y2) and depressive symptoms (QIDS) and positive mental health (MHC-SF)). Multiple linear regressions examined associations between screen-time, PA and mental health and one-way ANOVA’s examined differences in mental health outcomes between screen-time mode and use categories (none (0 hours), low (0.5-1.5 hours), moderate (2-4.5 hours), and high (5+ hours)). Cohen’s d effect size and 95% confidence intervals quantified the magnitude of the difference. Results Higher computer (β=0.112, p≤0.001) and phone use (β=0.138, p≤0.001) were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Higher TV use (β=-0.111, p≤0.002) and PA levels (β=-0.123, p≤0.001) were associated with lower anxiety symptoms. Higher phone use (β=0.113, p≤0.002) and PA levels (β=0.116, p≤0.001) were associated with higher positive mental health. The magnitude of differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms across screen-time use categories were largely small-to-moderate (d = 0.02 to 0.67) and in positive mental health, ranged from small to large (d = 0.03 to 0.88). The sample was then stratified by PA level to assess the potential moderating influence of PA on the screen-time-mental health association, with mixed results. Conclusions Results are among the first findings regarding the relationship between screen-time mode and PA levels with mental health, particularly positive mental health among adolescents in Ireland. Associations of screen-time and PA with mental health outcomes varied according to PA level and screen-time mode. The variation in these findings suggest the need to investigate the context of screen-time use and the screen-time activity engaged with. These results suggest that not all screen-time is detrimental and some, in moderation, may be beneficial for mental health. Future research should investigate longitudinal associations between screen-time, PA, and mental health. Support/Funding Source N/A

The effect intraoperative positive end expiratory pressure and tidal volume on postoperative acute kidney injury after orthopedic surgery.

To test whether higher intraoperative PEEP levels and/or higher TV levels are associated with higher incidence of postoperative AKI within the first postoperative week, in adult patients having orthopedic surgeries under general anesthesia. We conducted a sub analysis of a non-randomized alternating intervention cross over study performed in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. We included four different combinations of PEEP (5 or 8 cm H2 O) and TV (6 or 10 mL/kg of PBW) that alternated each week in the six orthopedic operating rooms. Our primary outcome was postoperative AKI defined by the KDIGO criteria with baseline creatinine as the closest preoperative value to the time of surgery obtained within 30 days and postoperative value as the highest creatinine value within 7 days after surgery. Secondary outcome was the maximum postoperative in-hospital creatinine level within seven postoperative days. A total of 1933 patients were included in the analysis. The incidence of AKI was 6.8% in the study population and similar in high TV versus low TV group and high PEEP versus low PEEP group. Neither TV nor PEEP significantly impacted AKI incidence. The estimated odds ratio of AKI comparing TV = 6 mL/kg to TV = 10 mL/kg was 0.96 (97.5% CI: 0.63, 1.46; p = .811); while the estimated odds ratio of AKI comparing PEEP = 5cm H2 O to PEEP = 8cm H2 O was 0.92 (97.5% CI: 0.60, 1.39; p = .623). No interaction was found between TV and PEEP on AKI. Additionally, neither TV nor PEEP had a significant effect on the seven postoperative day creatinine levels. Higher levels of PEEP or TV during mechanical ventilation in adult patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries under general anesthesia do not increase the odds of developing postoperative AKI within the narrow limits studied.

Use of electronic devices in leisure time modifies the prevalence and factors associated with sedentary behavior derived exclusively from excessive television viewing among Brazilian adults

The growing interest in the study of sedentary behavior is justified by its increasing presence in people's daily lives, particularly in leisure time. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and factors associated with sedentary behavior derived exclusively from TV time and from its combination with the time spent using other electronic devices among Brazilian adults (n = 52,443). This cross-sectional study used data from the Vigitel survey (2019), which included subjects ≥ 18 years old who resided in the capitals of the 26 Brazilian states and Federal District. High TV time (≥ 4 h/day), and its combination with computer, tablet, or cell phone use (≥ 4 h/day), as well as sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics were self-reported. Adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The prevalence of high sedentary behavior almost tripled when TV viewing was added to the time spent using other electronic devices (from 12.2%; 95%CI: 11.6; 12.8, to 34.7%; 95%CI: 33.8; 35.6), notably among the youngest (32.0 percentage points). Individuals living without a partner, who smoked, consumed alcohol and processed foods excessively, were physically inactive, and had hypertension were more likely to have both outcomes than their counterparts. Older and less educated individuals were more likely to spend excessive time watching TV and less likely to have high use of other electronic devices in addition to TV viewing than their peers. Including computer, tablet, or cell phone led to an increase in the prevalence of high sedentary behavior. The magnitude and direction of the associations of age and education with high sedentary behavior varied according to the method how high sedentary behavior was defined. Projects, programs, and policies must consider the different indicators of sedentary behavior in monitoring and promoting a healthier lifestyle.

Association of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior with carotid atherosclerosis morphology: The ARIC carotid-MRI study

ObjectiveWe evaluated the prospective association of midlife leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and sedentary behavior (SB), and their temporal patterns, with MRI-measured carotid atherosclerotic morphology. MethodsParticipants enrolled in the Carotid MRI substudy (2004–2006) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and with self-reported assessments of LTPA and SB at visits 1 (1987–1989) and 3 (1993–1995) were included in this study. LTPA was ascertained using the ARIC/Baecke physical activity questionnaire and categorized according to the American Heart Association's metric of poor, intermediate, or ideal physical activity. SB, measured as TV viewing frequency, was categorized as high, medium, and low. We used multivariable adjusted linear and logistic regression models to examine the associations between midlife (visit 3 only) and persistent (visit 1 to 3) LTPA and TV viewing with carotid artery plaque burden and components. ResultsAmong the 1,582 (mean age: 59 years, 43% male, 18% Black) participants, 45.7%, 21.7%, and 32.6% reported ideal, intermediate, or poor LTPA, respectively. High TV viewing was reported in 33.8% of participants, with 46.4% and 19.8% reporting medium or low TV viewing, respectively. Compared to poor LTPA, ideal LTPA in midlife was not associated with total wall volume (ß=0.01, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.03), maximum carotid wall thickness (ß=0.06, 95% CI: -0.08, 0.21), normalized wall index (ß=-0.01, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.01), or maximum stenosis (ß=-0.11, 95% CI: -1.98, 1.76). Low or middle, compared to high, TV viewing was also not associated with carotid artery measures of plaque burden. Compared to poor LTPA or high TV viewing, ideal LTPA (odds ratio (OR): 0.82, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.23) and low TV viewing (OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.56, 1.44) was not associated with odds of lipid core presence, respectively. ConclusionOverall, this study does not provide strong evidence for an association between LTPA and SB with carotid plaque measures.

The effects of myostatin mutation on the tibia bone quality in female Japanese quail before and after sexual maturation

In the modern layer industry, improvement of bone quality is one of the prior tasks to solve from economic and welfare standpoints. In addition to nutritional and environmental factors, genetic factors have been considered major factors regulating bone quality in layers but are yet to be fully investigated due to limitations on available animal models. Initially, the myostatin (MSTN) gene was genetically edited in quail to investigate the effect of MSTN mutation on economic traits in meat producing poultry species. In the current study, the function of the MSTN gene on regulation of bone quality in layers was investigated using MSTN mutant female quail as an animal model. Tibia bones were collected from wild-type (WT) and MSTN mutant female quail at 5 wk old and 4 mo old, representing prelaying and actively laying stages, respectively. Left tibia bones were analyzed by microcomputed tomography scanning to evaluate the architectural characteristics, while bone breaking strength (BBS) was measured using right tibia bones. At 5 wk of age, MSTN mutant female quail showed higher BBS and values on parameters related to bone quality such as bone mineral contents (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV), and/or trabecular bone thickness in whole diaphysis, whole metaphysis, and metaphyseal trabecular bone, compared to WT female quail. Although BBS and BMD became similar between the 2 groups at 4 mo of age, higher TV and TS in whole metaphysis and higher BMC and TV in whole diaphysis of MSTN mutant group compared to those of WT group suggested that the improved tibia bone quality by MSTN mutation before sexual maturation lasted to a certain degree even after sexual maturation. The use of the MSTN mutant female model provided new insights into genetic regulation on female quail bone quality depending on physiological changes.

Combustion dynamics of high Mach number scramjet under different inflow thermal nonequilibrium conditions

To characterize the impact of thermal nonequilibrium conditions in shock-induced combustion in high Mach number scramjet engines, a comparative numerical investigation has been performed. The combustor configuration was based on the HyShot II scramjet while the total enthalpy is 3.3 MJ/kg which resembles Mach 8 flight condition. The improved delay detached eddy simulation with Park two-temperature approach in combination with the vibration-chemical coupling model was employed in the nonequilibrium simulations. It is shown that under thermal nonequilibrium inflow conditions, noticeable stratification in the thermal state exists in the circumferential direction both in the combustor section and exhaust nozzle. In the inner core where the fuel mixes with the mainstream, flow deceleration caused by the heat release leads to a sufficient transformation of energy between the vibrational and translational-rotational modes approaching the thermal equilibrium state. However, the τv,mix is quite large in the supersonic mainstream, whereby the thermal nonequilibrium dominates. For the case with higher Tv in the inflow, the fuel jet's penetration height is lower while the local viscosity is higher which results in poor mixing between the fuel and air stream. Nevertheless, a 400 K increase in inflow Tv gives a higher effective temperature, which promotes the dissociation reactions, shortens the ignition distance and yields an 8% increase in the overall combustion efficiency. With better combustion performance, an additional 6% deceleration in the supersonic mainstream and the energy exchange rate between vibrational and translational-rotational modes becomes almost four times faster at the combustor outlet, which promotes the restoration of the thermal equilibrium state. Furthermore, under higher inflow vibrational temperature, the shock-induced combustion in supersonic crossflow becomes less stable with noticeable fluctuations in combustion heat release and local static pressure.

Comparative Study on The Business Models of the Chinese and British Football Super League

As one of the top football leagues in the world, the Premier League's business model is established according to the operation and management of modern enterprises. China's professional football league was officially launched in 1993, and its business model is still relatively low. Through a comparative study of the business models of the Chinese and British Premier League, it is found that the maturity of the Premier League's business model is inseparable from its nearly 100-year football professionalization process. The British Premier League has much autonomy in the management of the league. It is a monopoly organization with clear property rights over the league and strong independence in operation and management. At the same time, the league’s profits mainly come from high TV broadcast income and considerable advertising and sponsorship income. The entire business model of the Premier League has a side worthy of our country's learning and reference. The Chinese Football Association should minimize its intervention in the Chinese Super League, especially in commercial operations, and give full play to the market's regulatory role. At the same time, the Chinese Football Association should also imitate the management mechanism of the English Football Association, reduce administrative intervention in the Chinese Super League in terms of functions, and shift the focus of work from the overall management of the Chinese Super League to the construction of Chinese national teams and football echelons at all levels. Gradually fade out of the overall control of the Chinese Super League.

Individual, interpersonal and environmental correlates of sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Sedentary behaviours have adverse health outcomes and adults with intellectual disabilities are at a higher risk of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. The lack of knowledge relating to sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities has impeded the development of effective interventions. This study aimed to investigate individual, interpersonal and environmental correlates that are associated with sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities. A secondary analysis of data from The UK Household Longitudinal Study (Understanding Society; collected 2011-2013) was conducted. Twenty-two predictor variables were included in a stepwise logistic regression, with TV hours during weekdays (≤3 and >3h/day) used as a proxy for sedentary behaviours. A sample of 266 adults, with mean age of 37.9 and range from 18 to 49years old, with intellectual disabilities were identified. Because 63.9% were female, 62.4% had children and 28.2% were employed, the sample is likely to be most representative of more able adults with intellectual disabilities. A significant interaction term between having children and neighbourhood status was found in the initial model so separate models for good and poor-quality neighbourhoods are reported. Having children only had a significant effect to lower the odds of high TV time among participants living in good quality neighbourhoods (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03, 0.25). However, for people living in poor quality neighbourhoods it was better quality leisure services that was associated with lower odds of high TV time (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23, 0.90). Being employed only significantly reduced the odds of high TV time in the good quality neighbourhood model (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12, 0.78). These effects highlight the importance of environmental effects on lifestyle behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities. Future research should aim to expand our understanding of environmental effects on the sedentary behaviours and other lifestyle behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities.

Feel at home [Broadcast special - consumer tech

The BBC has helped shape the way we consume media for the last century, but what do the coming years hold? We picked out some technologies that could change your home entertainment experience. Here are some of the specific technologies covered: high quality 8k TVs using technologies like QNED, Nanocell and QLED; LED lights; 3D audio; a new media format of Multi-Vantage-Video named ViiVids; and an olfactometer that makes it possible for gamers to smell in VR environments.

The joint associations of physical activity and TV viewing time with COVID-19 mortality: An analysis of UK Biobank

ABSTRACT We used logistic regression to investigate the joint associations of physical activity level (high: ≥3000 MET-min/week, moderate: ≥600 MET-min/week, low: not meeting either criteria) and TV viewing time (low: ≤1 h/day, moderate: 2–3 h/day, high: ≥4 h/day) with COVID-19 mortality risk in UK Biobank. Additional models were performed with adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Within the 373, 523 included participants, there were 940 COVID-19 deaths between 16 March 2020 and 12 November 2021. Compared to highly active individuals with a low TV viewing time, highly active individuals with a high TV viewing time were at significantly higher risk of COVID-19 mortality (odds ratio = 1.54, 95% confidence interval = 1.11–2.15). However, the greatest risk was observed for the combination of a low physical activity level and a high TV viewing time (2.29, 1.63–3.21). After adjusting for either BMI or waist circumference, only this latter combination remained at a significantly higher risk, although the effect estimate was attenuated by 43% and 48%, respectively. In sum, a high TV viewing time may be a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality even amongst highly active individuals. Higher adiposity appears to partly explain the elevated risk associated with a low physical activity level and a high TV viewing time.

Physicochemical, Morphological, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Native Starches Isolated from Four Cultivars of Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) Tuber.

Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn) is a potentially important source of starch and an underutilized root and tuber crop indigenous to Ethiopia. In this study, the physicochemical, morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of native starches isolated from four cultivars of anchote tubers were studied and compared to potato and cassava starches, which were considered as references. The amylose content of anchote starches varied from 15.8–22.3%. The anchote cultivars showed different granule sizes, but all revealed a B-type crystalline structure, identical to potato starch. The phosphorus content of anchote starches ranged from 82–93 mg/100 g and was much higher than that of potato and cassava (60.3 and 5.8 mg/100 g, respectively). This characteristic could govern several functional properties of anchote starches, making them suitable for applications in different types of noodles, glucose syrups, and viscous products. The gelatinization temperature and enthalpy of anchote starches, which ranged from 60.97 °C to 69.33 °C and 16.87 to 18.38 J/g, respectively, were considerably different compared to potato and cassava starches. Significant variations were also observed among the pasting properties of starches from anchote cultivars. They showed a higher stability to heating and shearing, having higher TV (2046 to 2280 mPa·s) and lower BV (248 to 487 mPa·s) values, and a higher final viscosity (3409 to 3686 mPa·s) than potato and cassava, which are important characteristics in food processing and when high gel viscosity is required after cooling. Anchote starch gels exhibited rheological characteristics of true gels, showing much lower (tan δ)1 values and significantly higher viscoelastic moduli than those found in cassava and potato gels. The present study revealed significant differences among the physicochemical properties of anchote starches, depending on the cultivar, and demonstrated their promising potential in food product development and other industrial applications.

A Case Study of How Netflix Adapts Its Development Strategy to the Media System in Canada

In recent years, streaming media services such as Netflix, Spotify, and YouTube have been widely used. Netflix, as a representative platform, is a powerful cultural force rising with the emergence of streaming media technology. Streaming media platforms abandon the linear mode of traditional TV and adopt the new mode of multi-channel interaction and digital production, continuing to contribute its unique advantages to high TV ratings. Netflix, headquartered in the United States, has started its global expansion and entered Canada, France, and other countries. In the process of its expansion, Netflix designed its unique global expansion strategy and obtained high-quality target consumers in various streaming media markets. This study will critically explore how Netflix adapts its development strategy to fit into Canadian media systems and policies. This study argues that in order to meet the requirements of the Canadian government, Netflix has made two prominent changes in its development strategy at the content level. First, Netflix has increased the production of local content in Canada and presented some original content in French. Secondly, Netflix is striving to improve its degree of globalization and breaking geographical restrictions to achieve subscribers’ access to equivalent content around the world.

Simultaneous consideration of relative density, energy consumption, and build time for selective laser melting of Inconel 718: A multi-objective optimization study on process parameter selection

Additive manufacturing (AM) is regarded as sustainability friendly thanks to its significantly reduced production steps and simplified supply chain at the system level, but it is often not energy efficient at the process level. In this study, we propose that the optimization of AM process parameters should not only maximize build quality, but also minimize environmental impact and build time. A multi-objective optimization problem of maximizing relative density (RD), minimizing energy consumption and build time per unit volume (ev and tv respectively) is formulated and solved for selective laser melting (SLM) of Inconel 718 alloy. A high accuracy RD prediction model with R2 of 93.23% is obtained by fitting SLM experiment data from wide ranges of laser power (P), scanning speed (SS), hatch spacing (HS), and layer thickness (LT). The ev and tv models are created considering printing area utilization rate (U) based on laser scanning and powder coating process. The two approaches of Pareto front and global criterion method are adopted for solving the multi-objective optimization problem. It is found that the highest RD of close to 100% can be obtained at the expense of high ev and tv of close to 500 J/mm3 and 0.3 s/mm3, respectively, and about three times ev and tv are needed to increase RD from about 95% to 100% than from 85% to 95%. At the same U level, the solutions obtained from prioritizing ev and tv are consistent, while those from prioritizing RD show smaller process parameter values. The multi-objective optimization formulation provides an enabling tool for industry to obtain high quality SLM-ed parts with improved sustainability and efficiency at the process level. The methodology developed is applicable to selective laser melting of other materials, and such consideration can be readily expanded to other AM processes as well.

34‐6: Invited Paper: High Image Quality of 8K TV LCDs with Negative LC

ADS display mode with positive LC mixture has been widely used in TV and other large size LCD products. After years of technical iterations, positive LC mixture have approached the material limit in terms of transmittance, contrast ratio and so on. In order to improve image quality continuously, especially for high end 8K TV products, we have developed a total negative LC (N‐LC) solution with rubbing alignment process. This total solution includes high CR negative LC material, rubbing PI material and process, and high‐transparent pixel ITO design. Based on this total solutions, TR has been increased by 30% for 8K LCDs. CR has been increased from 1400 to 2500:1 for 8K and 3000:1 for 4K LCDs. Meanwhile, this solution keep response time (RT) and reliability of image sticking (I/S) can meet the regular specifications.

Joint associations of physical activity and sedentary time with adiposity during adolescence: ALSPAC.

BackgroundIn developing evidence-based physical activity (PA) guidelines for youth, a knowledge gap exists regarding the health effects of sedentary time (SED). The aim of this study was to determine the joint associations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) and SED with adiposity during adolescence.MethodsThe study sample was 2619 non-obese participants (56.7% female) from the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Accelerometer-measured MVPA and SED at age 11, 13, 15 years and self-reported TV viewing at age 13 and 16 years were used to create two exposure variables: six MVPA&SED combinations based on two MVPA patterns [≥60 (active) and <60 min/day (inactive)] and three SED patterns [≈25 (low), ≈30 (middle) and ≈35 min/h (high)] and six MVPA&TV combinations based on two MVPA patterns and three TV viewing patterns [<1–2 (low), 1–2 (middle) and >1–2 h/day (high)]. Adiposity was evaluated using fat mass index (FMI) at age 17 years.ResultsSED was not significantly associated with FMI in either active or inactive adolescents. However, higher TV viewing was associated with higher FMI in both active [adjusted FMI = 4.53 vs. 5.09 (95% CI = 4.87, 5.33) for low TV vs. high TV] and inactive adolescents [adjusted FMI = 4.91 vs. 5.21 (95% CI = 5.02, 5.39) for low TV vs. high TV].ConclusionsHigher TV viewing time, but not total SED, was prospectively associated with higher adiposity among both active and inactive adolescents, suggesting a specific sedentary behavior target for public health.