Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has excellent toughness and durability, but its explosion resistance is insufficient at high temperatures. Moreover, UHPC may be subjected to dynamic impact loads, such as in bridges and nuclear power plants. Therefore, it is necessary to develop high-temperature resistant ultra-high performance concrete (HTRUHPC) and systematically study the dynamic mechanical properties under high temperatures. In this study, a new HTRUHPC was developed, and four types of HTRUHPC were designed and tested. Then, the Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to measure the dynamic impact mechanical properties and the stress-strain curves were obtained. Finally, the properties of UTRUHPC were studied including dynamic impact strength, dynamic increase factor (DIF), energy absorption capacity, and peak strain. The results show that HTRUHPC has the excellent high-temperature resistance and dynamic impact resistance at high temperature, and its impact strength still maintains 229.88 MPa at 500 °C, which is 46.4 % higher than that of ordinary UHPC. The dynamic impact strength and dynamic increase factor (DIF) of HTRUHPC show a significant strain rate effect. With the increase of strain rate, the dynamic impact strength of HTRUHPC increased by 36.7 % from 168.95 J to 230.94 J at room temperature. At room temperature, the DIF value of HTRUHPC increased by 45.2 % from 1.04 to 1.51 as the strain rate increased. HTRUHPC demonstrates a superior energy absorption performance under high temperatures. Under the high temperature of 500 °C, its energy absorption can still maintain at 3.94 J, which is 5.3 % higher than that of ordinary UHPC. The impact strength of HTRUHPC decreases as the steel fibers lose their bridging effect at high temperatures, but the rate of decrease is slower than that of ordinary UHPC. HTRUHPC is less damaged at 500 °C and still resists dynamic impact loading at 1000 °C. Finally, the stress-strain curves were fitted with the Zhu-Wang-Tang (Z-W-T) constitutive model.