High-technology Industries Research Articles

PEDOGENESIS OF LATERITIC SOILS AND THE ENRICHMENT OF CRITICAL METALS: A STUDY FROM SOUTHEAST SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Lateritic soil is a prospective source of metals termed critical or strategic metals due to their use in high-technology industries. Critical metals include rare earth elements (REEs). In this study, two profiles of lateritic outcrops from the Ni-producing area of Southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia were sampled for magnetic susceptibility as well µ-XRF analyses to identify how the concentration of critical metals changed during pedogenesis. The results show that there are three different patterns from the bottom layer up. The first pattern is enrichment experienced by Sc, La, Cr, and Ti. The second pattern is depletion experienced by Ni, Nd, and Ho. The third pattern is the localization of high concentration at a certain depth, as experienced by Co, Ce, and V. The concentration of certain critical metals correlates either positively or negatively with magnetic susceptibility, inferring that magnetic susceptibility might be used as a proxy indicator for critical metal concentration in lateritic soil.

ERP Implementation and Foreign Ownership in High-Tech Industry to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals

This research aims to identify how ERP implementation can benefit the high-tech industry and achieve sustainable development goals. This research also examines how foreign ownership can affect the performance of the high-technology industry. High technology has been widely used in any industry, especially manufacturing. The research method used in this study was Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The steps taken from this research method start with research planning, implementation, and reporting. This study’s evident in how much previous research has discussed ERP implementation in high-tech industries and how to achieve sustainable development goals. The ERP implementation in the high-tech industry will benefit the company as it will make it easier for its departments to carry out its business processes, and the knowledge and expertise of foreign investors will influence the high-tech industry. This research is urgently needed to achieve sustainable development goals, as implementing ERP in high-tech industries can increase operational efficiency and corporate productivity. ERP implementation research can be used to explore how ERP can be used to support sustainable product development. Foreign ownership has an essential impact on the high-tech industry to understand the implications of sustainable development goals. For further research, you can conduct a more in-depth analysis of how important it is for the high-technology industry to achieve sustainable development goals.

Israeli environmental policy as role in reducing gases pollutants in parallel with improving economic performance

The rise in environmental awareness characterizes most governments and institutions in the Western world. In addition, integration into the European market and trade with OECD countries requires compliance with stringent environmental standards. The markets that Israel exports require that the supply chain meets high standards. Increased awareness of global environmental risks and increased enforcement and demands from world market firms have led to rapid growth of tech clean markets (Israeli companies offering alternative energy technologies, such as Ormat and Solel companies) are experiencing rapid economic growth. As a country with a lot of human capital and an innovative high technology industry, Israel has the ability to innovate and lead in finding solutions to environmental problems in the world. There is a real business advantage for market leaders operating at the forefront of technology and development, and preferably, the state will assist the business sector to realize this advantage.

Characteristics of High-Technology Industry Migration within Metropolitan Areas—A Case Study of Beijing Metropolitan Area

Industrial migration is a hot topic in economic geography. This study traces the migratory process of key high-tech enterprises in Beijing during 2008–2016, revealing the migratory characteristics and patterns of high-tech enterprises within the metropolitan area by using spatial analysis methods and mathematical statistics. The results show that: (1) Migrating enterprises are mainly mixed-ownership and foreign-funded or privately-owned enterprises. Medium-sized enterprises are more likely to relocate than small and large enterprises, especially in lucrative sectors. (2) The migration of high-tech enterprises is mainly based on proximity migration. More than 77.19% of enterprises tend to move to agglomerations or agglomeration expansion areas such as Jiuxianqiao and the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (BDA) in Daxing District. In addition, 33 enterprises experience varying degrees of scale expansion after relocation. (3) Most high-tech manufacturing enterprises are in the growth stage of their life cycle. They initially relocate between 7 and 16 years after their establishment, which means that there is roughly a 7-year adaptation or development period for firms within a region after their establishment. During the adaptation period, companies do not tend to relocate; afterwards, as they grow, they need to find other spaces in which to do so. For reasons such as familiarity with the environment, enterprises give priority to finding new locations within the agglomeration and the surrounding area. These results deepen the understanding of the temporal and spatial characteristics of the migration of enterprises within the city from the microscopic perspective and provide a scientific basis for the optimization of industrial space in a metropolis.

Strategic Alliances between Foreign-Owned Firms and Local Firms: The Role of Partner and Industry Types

ABSTRACT This article investigates how a firm’s foreign equity share affects its likelihood of strategic alliances with local firms, discussing the benefits and costs of such strategic alliances. Analysing a panel dataset of Korean firms, we find the inverted U-shaped relationship between foreign equity share and the likelihood of alliance involvement. We also find that the relationship depends on the types of alliance partner and industry. This relationship is relatively steeper when the foreign-owned firm collaborates with a local firm in a different industry. The negative effect of foreign equity share on the likelihood of strategic alliances dominates in high-technology industries.

FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND FLEXIBILITY OF THINKING AS PRIORITIES OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION FOR TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGH

The article substantiates the need for a radical review of approaches to the training of managers in high technological industries, whose professional activity context is defined by continuous crises, growing uncertainty, dynamic trends, the massive emergence of the newest technical, organizational, and IT solutions, and a profound transformation of markets. Building upon their own research, analysis of expert opinions from top managers, university professors and the best practices of the world's leading universities, the authors identify trends indicating the growing role of the fundamental knowledge possessed by managers, who are capable of raising up to the challenges of an unstable environment. Links are determined between fundamental training and the flexibility of managerial thinking. A conceptual vision is presented of the peculiarities of managerial thinking and of conditions for developing its flexibility in the educational process.The scientific novelty of the article includes arguments substantiating the need for stepping up fundamental training in line with objective demand for changes in the content of managerial functions. Such training is based on three components: methodology of anticipatory management; scientific and technological foundations of production and technologies of the future; a vision of professional activity and changes that will be brought about by the introduction of new technologies. On the applied side, the authors have designed a concrete structure of fundamental training and a mix of training methods that promote flexibility of thinking and have proved effective as part of Masters in Management programs.

Characterization and Iron Removal Enhancement of El-Zaafarana White Sand

Iron is a key detrimental impurity in silica sands that determines their contribution to high-technology industries. Herein, a simple ecologically sound approach is investigated for iron removal from a silica sand sample obtained from the El-Zaafarana area-Egypt. The sample was subjected to a detailed microscopic mineralogical study supported by XRD and XRF characterization. The sample was beneficiated using distilled water attrition scrubbing and screening over a 25 μm sieve followed by leaching using a mixture of equal amounts of phosphoric and oxalic acids. Leaching experiments were designed and analyzed using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) methodology. A model was developed and evaluated using the analysis of variance technique to map the relationship between the residual iron oxide in the produced concentrate and selected variables such as leaching temperature, oxalic acid, and phosphoric acid concentrations. XRD and mineralogical analysis reveal that quartz is the most dominant constituent of the studied sand and other minerals such as kaolinite, iron oxide, rutile, and zircon exist in trace amounts. The head sample shows a silica and iron oxide content of 95.69% and 2379 ppm, respectively. Attrition and separation over a 25 μm sieve increase the silica content to 97.05% and decreases the residual iron oxide to 455 ppm. The final product after leaching under optimized conditions shows 99.82% silica and 55 ppm iron oxide.

Large‐scale preparation of nano‐sized carbides and metal whiskers via mechanochemical decomposition of MAX phases

AbstractNano‐sized transition metal carbide powder is usually synthesized by chemical methods such as chemical vapor deposition, while its large‐scale synthesis is a long‐standing challenge due to high energy consumption and low yield; metal nanowires (NWs) (mainly noble metals) are usually prepared by wet chemistry, and more compositions and greener preparation routes for metal NWs are urgent to meet the needs of the high technology industry. Herein, MAX phases are mechanochemically decomposed, resulting in the fine corresponding binary M‐X carbides and the A‐site metal whiskers. This implies a feasible top‐down route for efficiently preparing fine carbides and high‐quality metal whiskers on large scale. Several example MAX phases (both 312 and 211) are selected to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. The carbides and metal whiskers are characterized by X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy to identify their morphology, composition, and phase. The compositional diversity of MAX phases bodes that this would be a promising alternative avenue to preparing various nano‐sized carbides and single‐crystal metal whiskers.

Greening manufacturing: Technology intensity and carbon dioxide emissions in developing countries

Industrialisation is an important engine of growth and ‘catch up’, but also associated with harmful carbon dioxide emissions and hence with climate change. This poses a challenge for sustainable industrial development, particularly for late industrialisers on how to industrialise while also mitigating carbon dioxide emissions. This paper investigates the effect of technology intensity across manufacturing industries on carbon dioxide emissions: are medium- and high-technology manufacturing industries less emissions-intensive than low-technology manufacturing industries in developing countries? The paper analyses this relationship for a panel of 68 developing and emerging economies over the period 1990–2016, by adapting the environmental Kuznets curve and the stochastic effect by regression on population, affluence and technology approaches. Using two alternative measures of emissions and estimating generalised method of moments model, the results show that medium- and high-technology manufacturing industries are associated with lower carbon dioxide emissions than low-technology manufacturing industries. The results also show that these differences vary by the income levels of countries. These findings have important policy implications, suggesting that a shift towards more technology-intensive manufacturing production processes may be a more environmentally sustainable industrialisation path for developing countries.

An empirical analysis of the impact of higher education on economic growth: The case of China.

China's domestic labor market has limited demand for tertiary graduates due to an unbalanced industrial structure, with a weak contribution to economic performance over the past decade. This study estimates the asymmetric effects of higher education progress (highly educated employed workforce), higher education utilization (highly educated unemployed workforce), and the separate effects of higher education utilization interactions with high-tech industries on economic growth in China from 1980 to 2020. Using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model, this study finds that the expansion of higher education progress (the employed workforce with higher education) promotes economic growth, while contraction of higher education progress (employed workforce with higher education) reduces economic growth. Likewise, an increase in higher education utilization (the unemployed labor force with higher education) suppresses economic growth, while a decline in the higher education utilization (the unemployed labor force with higher education) promotes economic growth. The study also found that the expansion of high-tech industries and government spending on education significantly stimulate economic growth. The moderating role of higher education utilization (unemployed labor force with higher education) in the impact of high-tech industries on economic growth is significantly positive. This study strategically proposes that China's higher-educated unemployed labor force can be adjusted to high-tech industries, which need to be developed equally in all regions. Moreover, the country is required to invest more in higher education and the development of high technological industries across all regions, thus may lead to higher economic growth.

The role of network relations and previous knowledge in the ACAP of low-tech intensity clusters

PurposeThe mainstream research on knowledge transfer and absorptive capacity (ACAP) in clusters was conducted in high-technology industries in developing countries. However, low technology intensity clusters present a different scenario that might affect this external knowledge transfer and ACAP. This study aims to understand the role of network relations and previous knowledge in the ACAP of a low-technology intensity cluster.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyzed companies from a low-technology industry in an emerging country. The authors collected 109 questionnaires from companies in the Brazilian footwear manufacturing cluster. Factor analysis led the independent variables to be regrouped into eight variables. This data set was analyzed using regression techniques.FindingsIn a low-tech cluster prevalently populated by small companies, companies have access to novelties and knowledge that influence their products and production through the frequency and stability of the network’s relational ties with the supplier. The quality of relationships with clients may provide access to products, materials, technologies and learning. Small companies consider intra-cluster competition because of limitations in accessing external competition. Although low-tech companies need to exchange knowledge and technology with suppliers and clients outside the cluster, most companies are limited in size because of liabilities. In a low-tech cluster dominated by small companies, access to better purchasing costs, new technologies or innovations is an expected weakness. Intra- and extra-cluster ties positively influenced ACAP, as did organizational capabilities, whereas employees’ skills did not.Originality/valueIndividual skills are not related to ACAP in low-technology intensity clusters. The level of ACAP in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can be explained by the scope of individuals’ knowledge and other individual capabilities.

When degree of integration mediates level of acquired ownership and post-acquisition innovation performance: evidence from cross-border technological acquisitions

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test a model for cross-border technological acquisitions (CBTAs) focusing on the level of ownership acquired in the target firm and the acquiring firm's post-acquisition innovation performance (PAIP), with the degree of integration as a mediator, based on the dynamic capability perspective of the resource-based view. This study further concludes the role of the country-of-origin effect (COE) (when emerging economies' acquiring firms purchase technological resources from developed economies' target firms) on the success of the acquiring firms in CBTAs.Design/methodology/approachData on CBTAs initiated by 542 acquiring firms was quantified from four high technology industries from 1995 to 2015 for the empirical investigation of the research hypotheses. Hierarchical fixed year effect negative binomial regression technique was used to analyze the proposed model for the success of CBTAs.FindingsThe analysis of the CBTAs confirmed that acquiring firms who opt for a higher level of acquired ownership strategy increase the degree of integration of the target firm's technological resource stock. The level of acquired ownership improves the PAIP of the acquiring firms; however, the degree of integration positively accelerates the relationship between the acquired ownership and the PAIP. Considering the COE, acquiring firms that initiated CBTAs from emerging economies to purchase technological resources from developed economies' targets have firm-specific technological capability holes to execute the integration, which negatively impacts the emerging economies acquiring firm's PAIP.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the CBTAs literature by exploring the enabling role of the degree of integration between the level of acquired ownership and the PAIP of the acquiring firms. Further, this study put forward empirics on the COE of the acquiring firms for their integrative capability to integrate the target firm's resource stock and subsequent innovation performance.

Dynamics of innovation activity and carbon emission: an empirical analysis from Korean manufacturing industries

ABSTRACT This study investigates the causal relationship between technology innovation and carbon emissions based on data from firms participating in the Korean Emission Trading Scheme (KETS). It is considered that the dynamics of firm innovation and environmental performance vary by industry group because each industry utilizes a different production process and carbon reduction ability. Therefore, in this study, the causal relationships between innovation and emissions are analyzed and compared by industry based on the panel vector error correction model (VECM) and the fully modified OLS procedures (FMOLS). The results show that innovation activities play an important role in promoting the environmental performance of firms at the 5% significance level in the long -run. On the other hand, a firm’s sales that represent production activities increase carbon emissions both in the long and short-run. Comparative analysis between industries confirms that the dynamics vary by industry. R&D investments have a significant effect on carbon emissions reduction in the energy industry in the short run, but in the high technology industries such as semiconductors and electronics, environmental regulation plays an important role in inducing technological progress in the short run.

Effect of Drilling Penetration Angle on Delamination for One-Shot Drilling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP)

Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic is prominent with superb specific mechanical properties that contribute to its application in high technology industries, such as aircraft and automobiles' mechanical structures. These materials are considered hard to cut. The delamination issues frequently arise due to their anisotropy and inhomogeneity. In aircraft manufacturing, thousands of holes are required to assemble the structural parts. Hole perpendicularity issues undoubtedly might happen during manual drilling. The main purpose of this work is to study the effects of various minor slant drilling angles on thrust force generation and delamination by using a special drill reamer. From the investigation, the drilling penetration angle significantly impacted the delamination. The delamination factor for the entry and exit sides of holes relatively decreased from 1.042 and 1.087 to 1.027 and 1.049, respectively, as the thrust force declined from 114.8 N to 106.5 N from 5° to 0° drilling angle.

A Dynamic Analysis of the Asymmetric Effects of the Vocational Education and Training on Economic Growth, Evidence From China.

Since 2010, China's economic growth has stagnated due to an unbalanced regional industrial structure and lack of sufficient qualified technical personnel. A nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model has been used in this study to examine the asymmetric effects of secondary vocational education and training (SVET) and higher vocational education and training (HVET) and their interaction with high-tech industries on economic growth over the period 1980–2020. The findings show that an increase in secondary vocational education and training (SVET) significantly boosts long-term economic growth, while a decrease in secondary vocational education and training (SVET) insignificantly reduces long-term China economic growth. Likewise, the upward change in higher vocational education and training (HVET) promotes and the downward fluctuation in higher vocational education and training (HVET) significantly reduces China's long-term economic growth. The moderating role of secondary vocational education in the impact of high-tech industries on China's economic growth is positive, but not significant. However, higher vocational education plays a significant positive moderating role in high technology industries impact on economic growth. Strategically, the study analysis suggests that economic transition prosperity can be achieved by encouraging higher vocational education and the equal development of high-tech industries in all regions. In addition, this study also proposes to cultivate high-quality talents related to high-tech development and modern industrial innovation and upgrading through higher vocational education, improve productivity, and promote the country's intensive development.

Internal and outsourced research and development: are they complements or substitutes?

ABSTRACT A theoretically ambiguous relationship exists between internal and outsourced research and development (R&D). Along these lines, previous empirical studies report mixed results regarding the nexus between these two broad forms of R&D activity. Using a firm-level unbalanced panel dataset from South Korea for the period 2006–2018, this study investigates the relationship between internal and outsourced R&D while considering the sunk cost of internal R&D activity and the technology level of firms. We find that the relationship between internal and outsourced R&D depends on the level of industry technology and the size of firms. A complementarity exists between internal and external R&D for larger firms in high-technology industries, while a substitutive relationship is discovered for small and medium-sized firms in medium- and low-technology industries. The results suggest that the complementary or substitutive nature of the relationship between internal and external R&D depends on the industry’s technology level and firm size.

Determinants of equity financing: a demand-side analysis of Irish indigenous technology-based firms

Abstract Successful high-technology industries enhance productivity, competition, and consumer choice. To support their innovating activities, these firms need access to finance. Given the uncertain nature of innovation, along with the high associated cost, many firms turn to equity financing. Using novel survey data for 153 indigenous equity and 141 indigenous non-equity financed high-tech firms, we examine what determines how these firms raise equity finance (i.e., independent and corporate venture capital, business angel, government-sponsored) and non-equity finance (i.e., personal investment, family and friend investment, debt finance). We find that debt finance is negatively associated with equity financing in high-tech firms. Moreover, in our sample of high-tech firms, we find that innovating firms, export-oriented firms operating in niche markets, and firms with high levels of human capital have a greater probability of being equity financed.

ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION AND TRANSPORT IMPACT ON THE TERRITORIAL INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL FORMATIONS CREATION IN THE CITY

The issues of new territorial formations building typology that pay an important role in the innovation process in Ukrainian cities and megalopolises are considered. The existing ideas about the development factors of high-tech industries concentration areas are generalized. These are new elements in economic territorial structure. The main features of technological development centers different types in cities and megalopolises are described, which are created as a result of scientific technical and innovation policy. Terminology variety used in different countries was put in order.
 It is shown that the innovation process support has acquired special significance as a way for national and rational economy survival in the conditions of world markets dynamism, high technology and intensification of competition between the world’s leading powers. There are two fundamentally different genesis types of centers and areas that perform creative functions in the innovation process: naturally occurring and artificially created. Identifying their ratio, location and development factors of the formers and viability and dynamics assessment of others, their diversity reduction to generalized models that can be compared − an important research problem, which is partially solved in this article.
 In defining of “high technology industry” in this study used three criteria: 1) scientific and technical personnel number in the industry; 2) costs for research and development; 3) manufactured goods specifics. According to the authors of this work, one of the most important criteria are the costs for research and development. In this case the group of high-tech will include industries in which the share of research costs is above average for the entire industry. These are − pharmaceuticals, control equipment production and informatics, telecommunications, electronic components production, mechatronic control systems, aircraft construction, shipbuilding, rocket and space technology, robotics.
 The role of information and transport infrastructure on the technological regions location and development in cities and megalopolises is relieved in the work.

Selective adsorption and recovery of scandium from red mud leachate by using phosphoric acid pre-treated pitaya peel biochar

In recent years, the global demand for scandium has increased due to its essential role in the high-technology industry. Red mud leachates constitute a significant source of scandium and an efficient and environmentally friendly approach that attracted considerable interest. In this study, H3PO4 activated biochar (P40s) is manufactured from pitaya peel (PP) as a novel material to be used for scandium adsorption and recovery from red mud leachates. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XRF), zeta potential, and element analysis (such as C, H, O, N and P) to characterize adsorbents. The results indicated that the phosphorus-containing functional groups were successfully introduced to improve the physicochemical properties of biochar. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fit experimental data, verifying that the scandium adsorption by activated biochar is dominated by chemisorption and belongs to multilayer sorption. The maximal adsorption capacity of 750 °C calcinated H3PO4 activated biochar (P40-750) was 20.77 mg/g. Notably, the adsorbent was better for selective recovery of Sc3+ from Al3+, Fe3+, Dy3+, Y3+ coexistence ions. The separation coefficients (SF) of scandium for aluminum, iron, dysprosium, and yttrium are 137.03, 27.04, 77.74, and 208.25 times respectively, at pH3. Importantly, scandium is efficiently extracted from the leaching solution of red mud with an 83% recovery rate. Meanwhile, P40-750 exhibited a stable scandium adsorption capacity after 5 adsorption/desorption cycles. Overall, P40-750 could be considered a low-cost and environment-friendly biosorbent for recovering scandium from red mud leaching solution.

Coordination of manufacturing and engineering activities during product transitions

AbstractProduct transitions involve the replacement of products currently being produced and distributed by a firm with new products throughout the firm's supply chain. In high technology industries effective management of product transitions is crucial to long‐term success, and involves the coordination of multiple product development units and a manufacturing unit by a product division serving a particular market. Since the different units are organizationally autonomous, and the product division does not have access to their detailed technological constraints and internal operating policies, a decentralized solution is required. We develop a price‐based coordination framework using the subadditive dual of a mixed‐integer linear program that seeks to maximize the number of units whose proposed plans are included in the final solution. The proposed approach yields superior solutions to a linear‐programming‐based branch‐and‐price approach within the same computing budget. We discuss the broader applicability of this integer column generation approach, and suggest directions for future work.