High-technology Economy Research Articles

UKRAINE’S EUROPEAN INTEGRATION IN THE FIELD OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION: STATE, CHALLENGES, ACCELERATION MEASURES

Unprecedented complexity of the modern challenges requires the international community to strengthen cooperation in science, technology and innovation to better seize the opportunities and reap the benefits of the new reality, as well as search for new solutions to problems humanity is faced with. The paper investigates the influence of European integration on the economy and innovation ecosystem of Ukraine. It is established that the innovative component of the national economy has contracted over 2015-2020. With each year, it is becoming more primitive and de-industrialized, which necessitates a revision of the Association Agreement with the EU aimed at enhancing its positive impact on innovation processes in the national economy. Conducted analysis allows for comparisons between Ukraine’s involvement in the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, which remains low, and that of EU member states and other associated members. Ukraine’s predicament is explained by, among other reasons, a weak national innovation ecosystem and a lack of close contact and professional ties between Ukrainian institutions and their European counterparts. The paper offers suggested solutions to these problems, namely a set of organizational and institutional measures that will broaden Ukraine’s access to EU funding and accelerate integration into European Research Area. The author emphasizes the need for planned systemic reforms in order to overcome the structural weakness of the national economy. «Natural» development of science and technology, revitalization of the industries though introduction of latest technologies, preservation and balanced development of human capital will all ensure Ukraine’s advancement through development of a competitive high-technology economy.

Transition to the knowledge and high technology economy in pandemic conditions: experience in Russia

The economy of knowledge and high technology has become one of the priority areas of innovativedevelopment of countries. A similar benchmark was set for the Russian government. However,global challenges have challenged its implementation. The purpose of the article is to assess the stateof the scientific sphere of Russia on the basis of statistical analysis, to highlight promising areas of itsdevelopment. An analysis of the development of the R & D sector revealed a number of problems: thelow share of the industry in the country’s GDP, the outflow of specialists abroad, the insufficient levelof business inclusion in scientific developments and, as a result, the low degree of commercializationof scientific developments. At the same time, the pandemic of 2019 became an impulse for thedevelopment of Russian science. In the context of the pandemic, Russia can take a strong positionon the world stage to diagnose and combat it, as well as supply other promising non-resource goodsand services to the world community in key sectors of modern science. These areas can become asolid basis for creating scientific international consortia and entering the world arena of Russian enterprises,which means accelerating the process of transition to the economy of knowledge and newtechnologies.Keywords: economics of knowledge and new technologies, state of scientific sphere, directionsof development, pandemic.

Non-formal education resources for the “professions of the future”

This article reveals the opportunities and limitations of non-formal education for mastering professions of the future. The authors note that the transition to high-technology economy is accompanied by the rapid development of new areas of work. The dynamics of the modern world requires a quick response, the need for constant updating of knowledge and skills is growing, the importance of formal diplomas in the labor market is decreasing (inflation of credentialism), and the role of non-formal education is increasing. The purpose of the research presented in this article is to identify promising areas of professional activity in a high-tech economy and the potential of non-formal education for mastering the professions of the future. The authors conducted a qualitative content analysis of job search sites, illustrating the indicators of demand for the professions of the future in different countries, the key skills required for these professions, the resources of formal and non-formal education for mastering these professions. An empirical study was carried out using the survey method (N = 1388, the age of the respondents was from 18 to 80 years old, data analysis was made by using SPSS), conducted in Russia, revealing involvement in non-formal education. The novelty of the study derives from the role of non-formal education, which prevails in mastering the professions of the future: the absolute majority (85%) use non-formal education for retraining, gaining knowledge in related fields. According to the results of the study, it was found that the range of professions of the future reflects uneven post-industrial transition in different countries, in Russia the role of non-formal education as an element of life-long learning is rising. The authors conclude that the labor market, where the professions of the future are represented, will not be characterized by credentialism; individual learning paths based on non-formal education will dominate in mastering these professions.

The Market for Tomatoes: Market Breakdown in the High Technology Economy

The Market for Tomatoes: Market Breakdown in the High Technology Economy

New Capabilities to Allow us to Prosper

New Capabilities to Allow us to Prosper

Scientific Labour Markets, Networks and Regional Innovation Systems

Lawton Smith H. and Waters R. Scientific labour markets, networks and regional innovation systems, Regional Studies. While quality of the labour force in a locality is the single most important component of local competitiveness, the regional innovation systems literature has relatively neglected processes of labour force development. This paper addresses two questions: What is the role of labour markets in the making of regions as innovative systems? and What is the role of labour markets in regional innovation systems? The labour market and specifically the networks that exist between highly skilled workers are positioned at the centre of the analysis, using evidence from the UK high-technology economies of Cambridgeshire and Oxfordshire. Lawton Smith H. and Waters R. 高技术劳动力市场、网络以及区域创新系统，区域研究。 一个地区劳动力质量高低是决定地方竞争力的唯一重要因素，区域创新系统的相关文献却忽略了劳动力的发展过程。本文强调两个问题：劳动力市场在促使区域成为创新系统的过程中起到什么作用？劳动力市场在区域创新系统中起到什么作用？研究分析的核心定位在劳动力市场，尤其是存在于高技术劳动力之间的网络关系；相关证据来自英国剑桥郡以及牛津郡高技术经济体。 高技术劳动力市场 区域创新系统 牛津郡与剑桥郡 Lawton Smith H. et Waters R. Les marchés du travail, les réseaux et les systèmes régionaux d'innovation scientifiques, Regional Studies. Tandis que la qualité de la main d'oeuvre au sein d'une région constitue le facteur sine qua non de la compétitivité locale, la documentation à propos des sytèmes régionaux d'innovation n'a pas tenu compte toutes proportions gardées du processus du développement de la main-d'oeuvre. Cet article cherche à aborder deux questions: primo, Qu'est-ce que c'est le rôle des marchés du travail pour ce qui concerne la construction des régions en tant que systèmes d'innovation? et secundo, Qu'est-ce que c'est le rôle des marchés du travail dans les systèmes régionaux d'innovation? Employant des données provenant des économies à la pointe de la technologie situées dans le Cambridgeshire et dans l'Oxfordshire, au Royaume-Uni, on positionne au coeur de l'analyse le marché du travail et, plus particulièrement, les réseaux de travailleurs hautement qualifiés. Marchés du travail scientifiques Systèmes régionaux d'innovation Oxfordshire et Cambridgeshire Lawton Smith H. und Waters R. Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsmärkte, Netzwerke und regionale Innovationssysteme, Regional Studies. Die Qualität der Arbeitskräfte an einem Ort ist die wichtigste Einzelkomponente der lokalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, doch die Prozesse bei der Weiterbildung von Arbeitskräften wurden in der Literatur über regionale Innovationssysteme bisher eher vernachlässigt. In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Fragen untersucht: (i) welche Rolle spielen die Arbeitsmärkte bei der Gestaltung von Regionen als innovativen Systemen und (ii) welche Rolle spielen die Arbeitsmärkte in regionalen Innovationssystemen. Im Mittelpunkt der Analyse stehen der Arbeitsmarkt und insbesondere die Netzwerke zwischen hochqualifizierten Arbeitnehmern; hierfür nutzen wir Belege aus den britischen Hochtechnologie-Wirtschaften von Cambridgeshire und Oxfordshire. Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsmärkte Regionale Innovationssysteme Oxfordshire und Cambridgeshire Lawton Smith H. y Waters R. Mercados laborales en el campo científico, redes y sistemas de innovación regional, Regional Studies. Aunque la calidad de la población activa en una comunidad es el componente único y más importante de la competitividad local, la literatura sobre los sistemas de innovación regional tiende a ignorar los procesos del desarrollo de la fuerza de trabajo. En este artículo planteamos dos cuestiones: ¿Cuál es la función de los mercados laborales en convertir a las regiones en sistemas innovadores? y ¿cuál es la función de los mercados laborales en los sistemas de innovación regional? La base de este análisis son el mercado laboral y en concreto las redes que existen entre trabajadores altamente cualificados con ayuda de ejemplos de las economías británicas de alta tecnología en los condados de Cambridge y Oxford. Mercados laborales científicos Sistemas de innovación regional Condados de Oxford y Cambridge

The Determinants of Bilateral FDI: Is Asia Different?

Intra-Asian foreign direct investment (FDI) is dominated by flows from high technology economies to medium technology economies, while FDI elsewhere primarily consists of flows among high technology economies. This distinctive pattern is not due simply to differences in the relative distribution of Asian FDI recipients by technology, or to systematic differences in Asia’s technology characteristics. A gravity model analysis is used to explore whether Asian FDI patterns differ significantly from those elsewhere, and if so, in what ways. The results show that Asian FDI flows, in contrast to other FDI flows, systematically favor hosts with relatively low technology achievement and relatively strong intellectual property rights regimes. This type of “Asian exceptionalism” is consistent with “flying geese” theories that have argued that Asian development is the result of technology flows among economies that occupy nearby rungs of the technology ladder.

The determinants of bilateral FDI: Is Asia different?

Intra-Asian foreign direct investment (FDI) is dominated by flows from high technology economies to medium technology economies, while FDI elsewhere primarily consists of flows among high technology economies. This distinctive pattern is not due simply to differences in the relative distribution of Asian FDI recipients by technology, or to systematic differences in Asia's technology characteristics. A gravity model analysis is used to explore whether Asian FDI patterns differ significantly from those elsewhere, and if so, in what ways. The results show that Asian FDI flows, in contrast to other FDI flows, systematically favor hosts with relatively low technology achievement and relatively strong intellectual property rights regimes. This type of “Asian exceptionalism” is consistent with “flying geese” theories that have argued that Asian development is the result of technology flows among economies that occupy nearby rungs of the technology ladder.

New Economy: Using National Accounting Architecture to Estimate the Size of the High-Technology Economy

This paper illustrates how the statistical architecture of Canada's System of National Accounts can be utilized to study the size and composition of a specific economic sector. For illustrative purposes, the analysis focuses on the information and communications technology (ICT) sector, and hence, on the set of technology-producing industries and technology outputs most commonly associated with what is often termed the high-technology economy. Using supply and use tables from the input-output accounts, we develop integrated ICT industry and commodity classifications that link domestic technology producers to their principal commodity outputs. We then use these classifications to generate a series of descriptive statistics that examine the size of Canada's high-technology economy along with its underlying composition. In our view, these integrated ICT classifications can be used to develop a richer profile of the high-technology economy than one obtains from examining its industry or commodity dimensions in isolation.

Нанотехнологии — фундамент новой наукоемкой экономики. Новые возможности СНГ в XXI веке

Нанотехнологии — фундамент новой наукоемкой экономики. Новые возможности СНГ в XXI веке

What is the Role of Universities in High-tech Economic Development? The Case of Portland, Oregon, and Washington, DC

This paper focuses on two regions in the United States that have emerged as high-technology regions in the absence of major research universities. The case of Portland's Silicon Forest is compared to Washington, DC. In both regions, high-technology economies grew because of industrial restructuring processes. The paper argues that in both regions other actors—such as firms and government laboratories—spurred the development of knowledge-based economies and catalysed the engagement of higher education institutions in economic development. The paper confirms and advances the triple helix model of university–government–industry relationships and posits that future studies have to examine degrees of university-region engagement.

Economic Policies for Growth and Employment

Turning Europe into a leading `global knowledge-based` economy has become something of an obsession for policy-makers in the EU. From the integrated guidelines of the Lisbon Agenda to the July 2005 announcement of a new scientific European Research Council, considerable effort has been directed towards selling a vision of Europe as a high-skilled, high-technology economy. However, this focus on the `New` economy mistakes the EU`s strengths, weaknesses and their causes. In reality, an improvement in its growth and employment prospects may lie with the decidedly unglamorous economics of labour market reforms and with the parts of the `Old` economy, which still comprises the main engine of growth. Innovation and the knowledge base are important, but these should not dominate the thoughts of policy-makers at the expense of other, equally important, factors. Systematic reform of the budet, progress on trade reform, along with a better investment climate, offer the opportunity to reallocate resources on the basis of the EU`s great strength: its skilled and competent people.

Caring Capitalism: A New Middle Class Base for the Welfare State

Preface: Why 'Caring' Capitalism? Prologue: The Productive Miracle and the Specific Pattern of Social Problems Engendered by it The High Technology Economy of Abundance: Goods vs. Services The Specific Pattern of Social Problems Linked to the New Middle Class The Working Class Divided: New Middle Class Mobility vs. Underclass Decline The Specific Pattern of Social Problems Engulfing the Global Underclass The Social Problems of the New Upper Class The Welfare State for the Rich The Welfare State: Expansions, Cutbacks, and Co-Payments The Rising Cost of Services in High Tech Societies and Revenue Generating Mechanisms Why Transfer Payments are Necessary in High Tech Industrial Capitalist Societies The Free Market and Morality Religious and Secular Curbs on the Selfishness and Amorality of the Market Why Care? Notes Index

Regional competence and economic recovery: divergent growth paths in Boston's high technology economy

Since the 1960s, the growth of high technology industries in Boston's Route 128 region has attracted the attention of academics, planners and politicians. What was especially remarkable about the region was the capability of its economic base to recover from major structural crises. Owing to this ability, the region is often looked at as being an American example of an industrial district. In contrast to Silicon Valley, however, Boston does not readily fit into the definition of an industrial district because of the dominance of large, vertically-integrated producers and the proprietary nature of high technology production. In the late 1980s, Boston was hit by an additional structural crisis when the minicomputer industry lost its competitive basis and defence expenditures were drastically reduced. As a result, almost 50000 high technology manufacturing jobs were cut between 1987 and 1997. This paper aims to identify the forces behind the region's economic recovery in the mid-1990s and relate these findings to the discussion of the importance of collective learning processes in industrial production and the development of localized competencies. In the literature, it is argued that firm-specific competencies and learning processes can lead to a regional competitive advantage if they are based on localized capabilities (e.g. specialized resources, skills, conventions and institutions). The author will demonstrate in an explorative way that the economic recovery of the Boston region is related to a number of specific forces that differ greatly between the subsectors of the high technology economy. I will also provide tentative evidence of how the willingness to co-operate and engage in interactive learning processes has encouraged economic recovery.

Венчурные фонды в экономике высоких технологий (пример Канады)

Венчурные фонды в экономике высоких технологий (пример Канады)

The Federal Urban Policy Agenda: Recent Past and New Realities

After reviewing changes in housing policy and the impact of U.S. metropolitan decentralization on jobs and the demand for transportation, the authors examine the role of the new high-technology economy in urbanization. Specifically, they suggest that the patterns of public and private metropolitan infrastructure investments continue to support decentralized expansion. Using the Washington, D.C., region as an example, they explore the increased separation of suburbs and core cities in metropolitan regions. They explore the different policy perspectives of economic dependency versus specialized economic functions in an interdependent metropolitan region. They argue that present federal urban policy reflects the former but that new urban regional dynamics are driven by the realities of the latter.

European Union Sets Competitiveness Vision For The 21st Century

The European Union—formerly the European Community—has issued a new and comprehensive industrial competitiveness policy aimed at bringing that 12-nation partnership (soon likely to be 16) to parity with the high-technology economies of the U.S. and Japan. Called An Industrial Competitiveness Policy for the European Union, the document provides a frank assessment of the EU's problems and lays out a plan for bringing its institutions into an era in which sustainable development, biotechnology, environmental technologies, energy and transportation systems, and information and telecommunications are seen as inevitable sources of employment and economic growth. The plan lays out actions needed in four priority areas if the EU is to become competitive in high-technology products. These areas are promotion of intangible investments in such areas as research, worker training, and environmental quality; development of new models for industrial cooperation; fairer competition inside the EU as well as at an inte...

From coal mining to a high technology economy? the case of an innovation centre in South Yorkshire

The deep coal mining industry was in rapid decline in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s. In many localities formerly associated with the industry, there was a need to encourage diversification and innovation as a means of economic regeneration. The activities of one project which aimed at this are examined here.

Identity of and Need for Undergraduate Materials Science and Engineering Education

A litany has recently emerged which proclaims materials science and engineering a primary enabling technology for most aspects of a modern high technology economy. More materials engineers have been called for, but employers and academia have not yet agreed on what job description or curricula should define a materials engineer. While the research or science aspects of materials science have been functioning well, manpower availability and industrial materials technology for commercial, military, environmental, and other societal needs lag behind our worldwide competitors.to nucleate the growth of a consensus and to create awareness and understanding of materials science and engineering begs an answer. In the absence of a consensus to help focus curriculum and increase awareness of materials science and engineering, the current diverse educational practices will remain, and a rare opportunity for professional development will be lost.

Positive Feedbacks in the Economy

An important new theory about how small chance events early in the history of an industry or technology can tilt, forever, its competitive balance Economic theory still rests on century-old notions of equilibrium, diminishing returns, and the single optimal outcome -- concepts that were useful in the bulk manufacturing and agrarian economy of the 1800s, but that fail to illuminate the dynamics of today's technology-intensive industries. Writing originally in Scientific American, W. Brian Arthur, Dean and Virginia Morrison Professor of Population Studies and Economics at Stanford University and Citibank Professor at the Santa Fe Institute in New Mexico, describes an alternative economics based on increasing returns, which can significantly affect the way today's companies are organized and operated. CONVENTIONAL ECONOMIC THEORY is built on the assumption of diminishing returns. Economic actions engender a negative feedback that leads to a predictable equilibrium for prices and market shares. Such feedback tends to stabilize the economy because any major changes will be offset by the very reactions they generate. The high oil prices of the 1970s encouraged energy conservation and increased oil exploration, precipitating a predictable drop in prices by the early 1980s. According to conventional theory, the equilibrium marks the "best" outcome possible under the circumstances: the most efficient use and allocation of resources. Such an agreeable picture often does violence to reality. In many parts of the economy, stabilizing forces appear not to operate. Instead, positive feedback magnifies the effects of small economic shifts; the economic models that describe such effects differ vastly from the conventional ones. Diminishing returns imply a single equilibrium point for the economy, but positive feedback -- increasing returns -- makes for many possible equilibrium points. There is no guarantee that the particular economic outcome selected from among the many alternatives will be the "best" one. Furthermore, once random economic events select a particular path, the choice may become locked in, regardless of the advantages of the alternative. If one product or nation in a competitive marketplace gets ahead by "chance," it tends to stay ahead and even increase its lead. Predictable, shared markets are no longer guaranteed. A new theory During the past few years, I and other economic theorists at Stanford University, the Santa Fe institute in New Mexico, and elsewhere have been developing a view of the economy based on positive feedback. Increasing-returns economics has roots that go back 70 years or more, but its application to the economy as a whole is largely new. The theory has strong parallels with modern nonlinear physics (instead of the pre-20th-century physical models that underlie conventional economics). It requires new and challenging mathematical techniques, and it appears to be the appropriate theory for understanding modern high-technology economies. The history of the videocassette recorder furnishes a simple example of positive feedback. The VCR market started out with two competing formats selling at about the same price: VHS and Beta. Each format could realize increasing returns as its market share increased: large numbers of VHS recorders would encourage video outlets to stock more prerecorded tapes in VHS format, thereby enhancing the value of owning a VHS recorder and leading more people to buy one. (The same would, of course, be true for Beta-format players.) In this way, a small gain in market share would improve the competitive position of one system and help it to further increase its lead. Such a market is initially unstable. Both systems were introduced at about the same time and so began with roughly equal market shares; those shares fluctuated early on because of external circumstance, "luck," and corporate maneuvering. Increasing returns on early gains eventually tilted the competition toward VHS: it accumulated enough of an advantage to take virtually the entire VCR market. …