High-technology Sectors Research Articles

Digital development for a progressive networked society

Digital development for a progressive networked society

Innovation efficiency in European high-tech industries: Evidence from a Bayesian stochastic frontier approach

Innovation output is key to the long run business success in high-technology markets. Since research is costly, the absorption of external knowledge might be a powerful device for improving innovation processes. Considering four high-technology sectors in Europe, we examine to what extent local networking, competitive spillovers, or (unobserved) locational advantages influence innovation processes at the firm level. Since high-technology markets require strong innovative capacity, we specifically investigate the effectiveness of patent blocking as a promising strategy to exclude competition and to improve own competitiveness. We model innovation processes empirically by means of a recent Bayesian stochastic frontier approach that allows for spatial dependence and spillover effects. Our results indicate that growing pressures to innovate could create vicious levels of innovation competition. Moreover, the access to local networks boosts the pursuit of innovation and enhances innovativeness.

Environmental performance assessment of manufacturing sectors

This study addresses to rank the environmental performance of manufacturing sectors using Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) method which is a widely used multi-criteria decision making method for environmental management. The study focuses on 24 manufacturing sectors and 5 criteria—water usage, environmental expenditure, environmental employment, waste recover and waste density—to rank the environmental performance of the manufacturing sectors. Rankings of the manufacturing sectors are made using PROMETHEE II, which is a developed version of PROMETHEE, with three scenarios (base scenario, environmental scenario, economic scenario) obtained by different weightings of the criteria. In the analysis stage, manufacturing sectors are ranked and then environmental performance of the sectors is compared in terms of four technology levels (low technology, medium–low technology, medium–high technology and high technology) proposed by OECD. According to the results, manufacture of tobacco products is the best performing sector and manufacture of chemicals and chemical products is the worst performing sector in each scenario. Furthermore, high-technology and medium–high-technology sectors have better environmental performance than medium–low-technology and low-technology sectors in each scenario. After that, Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid planes were used to understand the weak and strong points of the manufacturing sectors. Better performing sectors are good at water usage, waste recover and waste density criteria, but bad at environmental expenditure and environmental employment criteria. This study closes the gap as the first study on the environmental performance of Turkish manufacturing sectors using a multi-criteria decision making method, and we hope that this study will be beneficial for the researchers in this area.

High-tech Entrepreneurship and Total Factor Productivity: the Case of Innovation-Driven Economies

This article aims to shed light on the relationship between total factor productivity (TFP) growth and high-tech entrepreneurship in a group of innovation-driven economies during the period 2007–2014. In this regard, we outline a panel data analysis method. For measuring high-tech entrepreneurship, we consider proportion of early-stage entrepreneurs and established business owners in high or medium technology sectors provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Based on the Global Competitiveness Report 2014–2015, business sophistication and innovation are considered control variables. Our findings reveal a non-linear high-tech entrepreneurship-TFP growth relationship in an innovation-driven context after the inclusion of control variables. A disappointing finding is that business sophistication and innovation exert negative impacts on TFP growth. Policy makers should put in place a whole new policy approach accordingly. Policies facilitating innovative start-ups are an important tool to enhance knowledge diffusion and stimulate productivity growth.

THE EFFECT OF POPULATION DYNAMICS ON GDP GROWTH IN INDIA

The aim of the paper is to study the impact of population dynamics on gross domestic product GDP growth in India. During last two decades India has been showing phenomenal economic development. One of its main reasons is economic and social policy has been provided by government. Since 1990-s India has deregulated several industries, has privatized many state-owned enterprises, and contributed to foreign direct investment. The Indian middle class, that is almost a quarter of its total population amount, has been driving economic growth in India. High level of education and English-speaking population in urban areas attract foreign investments and provide fertile ground for an intensive development of the country's high-technology sector. Economic views on the relationship of population and economic growth are divided into two areas: one that argues that population growth contributes to the nation's economy by stimulating economic growth and development, and the other argues that population growth may be detrimental to the nation's economy. Results of this research are consistent with the first theory. The study revealed that in 1961—2018 population dynamics (ages 15—64) was associated with GDP growth (per capita) in India positively, and strength of the relationship was moderate that means there are many factors push economic growth in India and population dynamics is only one of them. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test has been used to check population and GDP growth series to identify if they are stationary and can be used for Granger causality test. It has shown that population and GDP growth series are stationary and Granger causality test can be performed to identify the direction of causality for these series. Granger causality test has shown that population dynamics Granger causes GDP growth in India. Correlation coefficient R=0,54 demonstrates that population dynamics has been playing important but not a single role in stimulating economic development in India. Therefore population dynamics can be effective driver of economic development of the state being combined with other policy measures.

Effectiveness of fiscal incentives for innovation: Evidence from meta‐regression analysis

This article examines the microeconometric evidence on the impact of government support for R&D and innovation. Our meta‐regression analysis uses a dataset of empirical evidence on the effects of government R&D policies on innovation and investigates the factors that may explain the differences in the estimated effects. The meta‐analysis is structured to include both the direct and indirect government support for R&D and innovation. The estimated results reveal the heterogeneity of empirical studies with respect to the type of incentive, data, and econometric methodology used. The results indicate that the output additionality effect is on average stronger for R&D tax incentives than subsidies. Studies that use the subsample of high technology sector show a stronger additionality effect of fiscal incentives on innovation. Moreover, small and medium enterprises have a stronger input additionality effect. The results also suggest that studies considered endogeneity issues have on average stronger additionality effect.

The S-Commerce usage and acceptance modelling in Malaysia

The evolution of technology acceptance theories and models have started since the beginning of the 20th century and it is still evolving. This evolution is happened in different theoretical perspectives, such as: cognitive, affective, motivational, and behavioral intentions and reactions for individuals. Nowadays, understanding the reason of accepting or rejecting any new technology by users has become one of the most important areas in the IT field. The social media applications are benefited and enhanced the E-Commerce, Electronic Marketing (E-Marketing), and Electronic Shopping (E-Shopping) usage behaviors to get any information of any offered commodity in the easiest, fastest, and most familiar way, that will increase the retail profit as well. Social Commerce (S-Commerce) has become one of the most important fields and one of the fastest growing areas of the high technology sector development, especially in the trading and commercial environments. In this scope, it is presenting here the theories and models which were developed to study the acceptance by users and their adoption for new technology. this study adheres to the methodology of quantitative research, which offers a numerical measurement and analysis of the factors that determine adoption for samples 30 as a pilot study in Malaysia as a limit of this research specifically among 2 Malaysian Universities, that will lead to distribute the updated survey around 484 samples later. That results a high ratio of questionnaire validity and the effectiveness of the research hypothesis also found that the new model identifies the factors affecting S-Commerce usage behavior and continued usage intention, find the relationship between education and S-Commerce usage behavior and found such relationship between age and S- Commerce usage behavior

Local R&D Capacity Building Strategies in the Two Decades Prior to the Great Recession of 2008: The Case of ICTs in Spain

This article analyses the standardisation of business R&D in a technologically dependent country -Spain-, in a high technology sector -telecommunications and electronics -and in a key stage of its journey, marked by a double process of rapid technological change and intense liberalisation. Focused on the key telecommunications company - CTNE/Telefónica - but attentive to the general framework, its purpose is to explore from a business perspective whether the semi-public telecommunications monopoly company -Telefónica- strengthened the predominant R&D model in Spain or contributed to correct it, in a context of modernization and growth of the Spanish economy and with an eye on the foreign market. It seeks to explore, in this way, the effects of strategies to boost local R&D capabilities in telecommunications and in some of the explanatory causes of the difficulties encountered. The article, with a clear interdisciplinary approach and descriptive orientation, is based primarily on exceptional primary sources, which allow both to verify results and reveal the gestation of policies.

High Technology Sectors’ Participation in Downstream GVC: Case of Baltic Region

High Technology Sectors’ Participation in Downstream GVC: Case of Baltic Region

Diversification of the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in EU

Abstract The high-technology sector has a particular importance in the development of modern national economies. It affects both the level of competitiveness and innovation. This was a prerequisite for the study to assess the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the European Union (EU) countries. The starting point of the discussion was the definition of the concept of competitiveness, the competitive position of the advanced technology industry, and the classification of the high-tech sector. Based on the selected indicators, the competitive position and the rank of countries have been established. As for this, the indicators of the export share of the advanced technology sector in the intra-export market, the profitability of the high-tech sector, and the degree of export–import coverage were used. Based on the adopted indicators, a synthetic indicator of a competitive position has also been calculated which enabled determination of the most competitive country in the EU in reference to the industry. This enabled the identification of factors influencing the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the EU member countries.

Internationalisation Processes Developing Sector of High Technology in the European Union: Cluster Analysis

The author of the paper aims at discovering the main patterns evaluating the impact of the process of internationalisation developing sector of high technology in the context of social, economic and technological progress, and to create and suggest a methodology that could be in use in order to assess the importance of specific social, economic and technological changes in the process of the high technology development. The theoretical suggestion to use combination of human development index with other economical factors in order to measure a country’s potential in high technology sector development in context of the European Union is discussed and examined by using cluster and multifactor analyses here. As a result, the author determines main aspects defining the assessment of the importance of certain processes of internationalisations on industrial, business, national and international levels of the process of high technology development.

International entrepreneurial culture, innovation differentiation strategy and early internationalisation: evidence from Indian born globals

This study examines the phenomenon of early internationalisation in born globals from emerging markets. While the domain has gained attention in recent years, the literature is still in its infancy as to how born globals from emerging markets compete in high technology sectors. This study draws on the dynamic capabilities view (DCV) to empirically examine how international entrepreneurial culture (IEC) shapes innovation differentiation strategy, and how each drive early internationalisation under varying levels of market turbulence. AMOS is used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and estimate a structural model, using a sample of 286 high technology born globals from India. The findings indicate that IEC supports innovation differentiation and early internationalisation. The findings also confirm the usefulness of IEC toward early internationalisation when entering turbulent markets. These findings offer meaningful implications for the dynamic capabilities literature as born globals harness an IEC to accelerate their internationalisation activities.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Technological Innovation and Firm Wages: Firm-level Evidence from OECD Economies

This paper investigates the impact of technological innovation associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on firm wage levels using longitudinal firm-patent data for 27 OECD countries. The study finds that 4IR technological innovations raise firm wage levels, and this wage-boosting effect is stronger than that generated by non-4IR innovations. We also find evidence that the wage-boosting effect only appears amongst firms in high technology sectors and firms innovating in core technologies.JEL classification: O31, O33.

Employment in high-technology industries in the european union and job satisfaction - case study Czech Republic and Poland

The significance and position of high-technology industries within the economy is often considered to be an attribute of the company's maturity. The aim of this study is to compare employment in the high-technology sector in selected European Union and OECD countries and to analyse university-educated workers’ job satisfaction in the Czech Republic and Poland. The work will use available data concerning employment and data mining will be carried out. Job satisfaction will be examined through a questionnaire survey. From these results some dependence between employment and job satisfaction could be observed. The employment rate in the Czech Republic is slightly higher and the level of job satisfaction is also slightly higher than in Poland. It can be assumed that the importance of high-technology industries will continue to grow because it is in the interest of the companies themselves to be competitive. At the same time, this is needed for further economic growth and productivity gains, so these directions should be further developed and supported.

Exploring Urban High-Tech Landscapes to Overcome Standard Industrial Classification: A Cross-Industry Network Analysis in Paris and Toronto

Despite periodic updating, conventional administrative datasets and industry codes often fail to provide classifications for services and the emerging industries of the twenty-first century. For researchers, these data challenges present particular barriers to understanding the nature of business activities. For policymakers, these information gaps feed through into policy gaps, which can limit the ability to design effective interventions to encourage local entrepreneurship and innovation in high-technology sectors. The present paper worked with non-traditional data sources to avoid current classification systems. Using metadata about high-tech firms from CrunchBase, this paper studied the structure of cross-industry landscape, individual network characteristics, and major technological complementarities of high-tech industry networks. We investigate two of the most promising high-tech hubs, Paris and Toronto, to explore the potential of such approach. Results shed light on the complex networks of cross-sectoral horizontal and vertical linkages that characterize the two hubs and help policy makers and venture capitalists to deeply understand the business landscape of high-tech local companies.

The competitive potential of the advanced technology sector

The increasing use of advanced technologies by enterprises increases the importance of the advanced technology sector in national economies. For this reason, the purpose of the research presented in the study was to determine the competitive potential of the advanced technology sector on the intra-EU market in recent years. The evaluation was conducted using the labour productivity index, labour costs and the share of the number of high technology sector enterprises in the total number of enterprises in the EU sector. Based on partial indicators, a synthetic indicator was built which allowed for the precise determination of the potential of each of the countries studied. Enterprises in countries with a strong and stable economy have higher potential, are more developed and more easily tackle the new challenges that occur in the economy. Enterprises with low competitive potential are located primarily in smaller countries with smaller support possibilities. The decisive factor was, above all, the high productivity of work.

The issue of a competitive national innovative system formation in Uzbekistan

The target article analyzed some issues of the formation of a modern competitive national innovative system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The effective and methodical tools of the research are based on the application, in the framework of a systematic approach of general scientific research methods: logical and situational analysis, expert assessments, questionnaires, observation, interviewing, groupings, and comparison. The article specified and supplemented the theoretical and methodological provisions of the theory of the formation of the innovative national model. The authors proved that the existing mechanism for managing the scientific-research and innovative activity in the country does not meet the requirements of competitiveness based on the systematic analysis of the NIS elements of Uzbekistan and innovative development and its relationships. It is crucial to formulate an entirely universal and effective national innovative system that is adequate to the growing demand for innovations necessary for areas of the national economy, offering support for the innovative activity at each phases of the innovative cycle. Anticipated increase in demand and cost escalation of innovations, incorporating extra actions to encourage foreign direct investments, will stimulate the processes of structural change of the economy in the domain of high-technological sectors increase.

National innovation system of India: genesis and key performance indicators

The article discusses the formation of the India’s national innovation system (NIS), which passes through the phases of protectionism, liberalism and duality. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the India’s innovation system based on efficiency indicators, such as gross domestic expenditures on research and development, exports of high-tech products, as well as foreign direct investment in high technology sector. The paper notes that India is one of the most attractive countries for investing in the innovation sector. The author also highlights the negative aspects of NIS development in India, such as imbalances in income and wages, low literacy and high levels of poverty, uneven inflow of foreign investment in different regions, lack of innovation culture in manufactured products, etc. The article especially notes that India after the start of the process of economic liberalization has grown economically in terms of GDP, exports, employment, investment, the inflow of foreign technology and investment, the ICT industry, and the internationalization of investment in research and development sphere.

The study of high-tech companies’ growth specifics applying the parametric approach

The economic literature have not unequivocally answered the question whether Russian high-technology companies possess some growth advantages compared to others. The paper studies the growth specifics of companies in high-technology sector that distinguish them from medium- and low-technology companies. Methodologically, the researcher relies on theoretical concepts of technological development, Schumpeterian theories of endogenous growthbased on the notion that technological development is linked equally with emergence of the new and evolution of the old technologies. The study applies panel and comparative parametric analysis methods. The factor productivity is taken as an absolute indicator of technological growth. The empirical evidence of the research is a sample of companies from the high-technology sector, two medium-technology industries, and one low-technology industry (6811 companies in total). The findings demonstrate that high- and medium-technology companies are comparable according to the selected parameters, but differ significantly from low-technology companies. Companies’ concentration in the industrial market also matters, defined in the form of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. In addition, a significant number of inefficient companies are found in the high-technology industry of aircraft manufacturing, which also features the most fragmented environment and vast gaps in factor productivity. Intangible assets ratios are higher for companies with maximum values of factor productivity, the lowest values belong to the lowtechnology industry of primary metal products. The author concludes about the relevance of assessing the potential of technological growth for manufacturing industries on the basis of their ability to grow and timely get rid of unproductive companies blocking its resources.

Innovation systems and entrepreneurial ecosystems: Implications for policy and practice in Latin America

This paper examines the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the more established concept of systems of innovation and considers their application in Latin America, where many countries are currently experiencing political and economic upheaval. The paper finds that current entrepreneurial ecosystem literature is not directly applicable to most of Latin America, as it takes for granted features of an advanced economy, while the innovation system literature favours studies of well-functioning economies and innovation in high-technology sectors. Findings suggest that network and institutional perspectives may enrich both concepts in theoretical and analytical term and complementary innovation system and entrepreneurial ecosystem perspectives appear well suited in further defining the needs and demands of local production structures and existing resource and knowledge capabilities. The paper suggests the need for measurable transformations in Latin American production and support structures that include embracing social, organisational, and interactional innovation and socially oriented entrepreneurial activity. The paper encourages further research to identify the drivers and economic consequences of distinctive Latin American entrepreneurial ecosystems and for researchers to adopt an evolutionary perspective that acknowledges historical trajectories in different regions, where local social, political, and economic regimes will influence the trajectory and success of future innovation policy initiatives.