High-tech Industrial Development Zone Research Articles

Location-Oriented Policies in China: Establishment of State-Level Development Zones and Enterprise Innovation Behaviors

The impact of state-level development zones on company innovation behaviors—specifically, innovation input, output, and quality—is examined in this research. This study utilizes the establishment of state-level development zones as a quasi-natural experiment and employs a Staggered Difference-In-Difference model to systematically evaluate the actual effects. Furthermore, this research focuses on the heterogeneous effects of state-level development zones on enterprise innovation, taking into account different functional positionings, such as the Economic and Technological Development Zone (ETDZ), the High-Tech Industrial Development Zone (HIDZ), and the Special Customs Supervision Zone (SCSZ). The results of previous research indicate that the establishment of state-level development zones may effectively foster company innovation and have a noteworthy effect on the input, output, and quality of innovation. The establishment of ETDZs and HIDZs can significantly encourage enterprises to increase their investment in innovation. The innovation incentive effect of HIDZs is stronger than that of ETDZs. On the other hand, the establishment of SCSZs is more beneficial for improving the output and quality of innovation in enterprises. ETDZs can promote innovation output by adjusting industry agglomeration in the region. HIDZs can encourage enterprises to increase their innovation input by intensifying tax preferences and reducing the level of industry agglomeration. SCSZs can effectively promote the innovation input, innovation output, and innovation quality of enterprises by increasing government subsidies and the intensity of tax preferences.

Impact of financial development on innovation efficiency of high-tech industrial development zones in Chinese cities

Since 1988, China's high-tech industrial development zones (HIDZ) have achieved remarkable success in economic construction, playing a crucial role in both national and local economic growth. The development and innovation within HIDZ are intricately linked to external financial support. This study empirically examines the influence of financial development (FD) on the innovation efficiency of HIDZ (IEH) based on panel data from various Chinese cities spanning the years 2007–2020. The findings reveal the following: (1) Overall, enhancements in both financial scale (FS) and financial efficiency (FE) significantly contribute to the improvement of IEH. (2) The paper introduces industrial structure rationalization (ISR) as an intermediary variable and utilizes the Mediating Effect Model. The results show that the mediating effect of ISR on FS and FE is approximately 0.0164 and 0.0150, respectively. (3) Heterogeneity analysis of samples across different regions and periods indicates that the impact of FS on IEH follows a pattern of ‘western region > eastern region > central region’. Similarly, the impact of FE shows a trend of ‘central region > western region > eastern region’. Furthermore, the influence of FD during the period 2007–2012 is more pronounced than that of 2013–2020.

A Study of the Application of Guided Discovery Method in English Grammar Teaching in Junior High School

Grammar is an important part of language. However, in actual grammar teaching, teachers directly impart grammar rules and students passively accept them. This has led to students’ disinterest in English grammar lessons and unsatisfactory grammar learning results. In order to promote students’ grammar learning, in recent years, some experts and scholars have begun to explore the application of guided discovery method in grammar classrooms. Guided discovery method is a teaching method that emphasizes guidance and focuses on discovery. Through setting up a situation, the teacher guides students to engage in the discovery activity of grammar rules by communicating with each other.This thesis uses questionnaire survey and interviews to analyze the application of guided discovery method in junior high school English grammar classrooms, as well as to analyze the positive effects of junior high school English teachers’ use of the guided discovery method on students’ grammar learning. Based on Bruner’s Discovery Learning Theory and Piaget’s Constructivism Learning Theory, this thesis takes Nanning High-tech Industrial Development Zone Minda Middle School as an example. It was found that under the guidance of guided discovery method, students’ interest and motivation in learning grammar have improved. Also, students’ autonomous learning abilities have been enhanced. Finally, students’ grammar learning strategies were cultivated through guided discovery method. Students can summarize grammar knowledge and solve grammar problems by reasoning and inducting. However, there are a small number of students who still do not have that strong learning ability cannot understand the tasks assigned by the teacher in class, so they do not learn grammar efficiently.

Retraction: Analyzing the regional economic changes in a high-tech industrial development zone using machine learning algorithms.

Retraction: Analyzing the regional economic changes in a high-tech industrial development zone using machine learning algorithms.

Strategic Policy Innovation of Regional Development Strategy Transformation in the New Era Based on Progressive Differential Model

Abstract In the new era, the national high-tech industrial development Zone is a powerful platform for implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and promoting China’s high-level development. An empirical study of panel data from 285 county-level cities in China during 2001-2022 was conducted using the binary difference method. The results show that high-tech enterprises have a noticeable promoting effect on improving the quantity of industrial structure. The transformation and upgrading of our industrial design by high-tech enterprises have significant cyclical heterogeneity. It has significantly enhanced the industrial system compared with the “growth type” and “mature type” national high-tech development zones. There is no apparent regional difference in the quality effect of high-tech enterprises on industrial structure upgrading. Still, there is an evident regional difference in the quantity and rationality of industrial structure height.

Do the High-Tech Industrial Development Zones Foster Urban Innovation? A Case Study of China

China’s high-tech industrial development zones (HIDZs) is a key “place-based” policy targeting national innovation-driven development. Despite the extensive research on HIDZs, it remains unclear whether and to what extent the policy has fostered cities’ innovation output and quality. Basing our research on panel data of Chinese cities from 2001 to 2019, we employed the PSM-DID model to examine the impact of HIDZs policy on their host cities’ innovation output and quality. The empirical results show that: (1) In general, the establishment of HIDZs has a more significant positive effect on fostering urban innovation output compared to its role in promoting urban innovation quality. However, (2) the effect on urban innovation output and quality varies across different cities. For cities with more advantageous locations and policies, HIDZ policy plays a more instrumental role in promoting the quality of urban innovation, while the establishment of HIDZs in other cities is more conducive to increasing the output of urban innovation. Ultimately, we argue that authorities must recognize the importance of integrated development of HIDZs and their host cities and incorporating HIDZs’ impact on the host cities into the HIDZ evaluation. It is necessary to understand that HIDZs have multiple development modes due to their specific local conditions. Hence, differentiated guidance must be carried out rather than directly replicating the experience from developed regions.

The necessity of others: Entrepreneurial self-efficacy, TMT collective efficacy, CEO-TMT interface, and entrepreneurial orientation.

Entrepreneurial orientation is the key factor for enterprises to obtain competitive advantages in dynamic circumstances. Thus, prior studies established the effect of psychological factors, for instance, entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial orientation using social cognitive theory. However, prior studies presented two main opposite views consisting of a positive and negative relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation as well as providing no alleyway to enrich this relationship. We join the conversation on the positive linkage and argue on the essence of exploring the black box mechanisms to strengthen enterprises' entrepreneurial orientation. We employed the social cognitive theory and collected 220 valid responses from CEOs and TMTs from 10 enterprises in the high-tech industrial development zones of nine provinces in China to clarify the effect of top management team (TMT) collective efficacy, and CEO-TMT interface on the link between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation. Our findings show that entrepreneurial self-efficacy positively affects entrepreneurial orientation. In addition, we found that a higher level of TMT collective efficacy strengthens the positive relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, we discovered differential moderating effects. First, CEO-TMT interface positively affects entrepreneurial orientation when it interacts with TMT collective efficacy and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Second, CEO-TMT interface has a significant negative indirect effect on entrepreneurial orientation, when it only interacts with TMT collective efficacy. Our study enriches the entrepreneurial orientation literature by positioning TMT collective efficacy and CEO-TMT interface as social cognitive mechanisms underlying the development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation nexus. Thus, we open a window of opportunities for CEOs and decision-makers to maintain a sustainable position in the market, grasping more opportunities in uncertain conditions via timely entries into new markets and maintaining pre-existing ones.

Development zone policy and urban carbon emissions: empirical evidence from the construction of national high-tech industrial development zones in China.

As a key strategy to promote system reform, improve the investment environment, and encourage industrial agglomeration, the national high-tech industrial development zone (NHTDZ) policy in China can not only reduce energy consumption through the scale effect but also improve energy efficiency by modernizing industrial structure and fostering technological innovation, thereby alleviating environmental pollution. Existing studies, however, focus solely on the effects of NHTDZ policy on social and economic development, ignoring their impact on the ecological environment, especially carbon (CO2) emissions that contribute to global warming. Thus, this article analyzes a panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2003 to 2019 to assess the influence of NHTDZ policy on CO2 emissions, treating the NHTDZ construction since 1988 as a quasi-natural experiment. The results indicate that the NHTDZ policy would mitigate urban carbon emissions, particularly in middle, southeastern, medium-sized, resource-based (RB), non-key environmental protection (non-KEP), and non-two control zone (non-TCZ) cities. In addition, the mediation mechanism test demonstrates that the environmental benefits of the NHTDZ policy in China are attributable to the scale effect, the structural upgrading effect, and the technology innovation effect. The NHTDZ policy would lower per capita CO2 emissions by reducing energy consumption, upgrading industrial structure, and promoting green technology innovation.

How Do China’s Development Zones Affect Environmental Pollution under Government Domination

Environmental pollution has recently become a serious economic issue, and finding ways to reduce pollution in economic development is an urgent task for developing countries, especially China. In this paper, we aim to document the policy role of development zones (DZs) in promoting China’s economic development on environmental pollution and consider the establishment of DZs as a quasi-natural experiment. Specifically, we identify the establishment of DZs on pollution emissions based on the staggered difference-in-difference (DID) approach by setting a dummy variable for DZ policies. Furthermore, we examine the heterogeneity of provincial and national (high-tech and economic development zones) DZs on pollution to detect the government domination effect. Finally, in order to deal with the potential spatial spillover effects of DZs, this paper applies the spatial difference-in-difference (SDID) method to explore the spatial reallocation effects of DZs. The results indicate that the provincial DZs can aggravate China’s pollution intensity, but they will no longer play the same role for national-level policies. Moreover, we find that national high-tech industrial DZs (HTZs) can reduce pollution intensity. In particular, the national DZs can bring about the reallocation of pollution among cities working as a selective place-based policy. That means that the national HTZs will not only reduce the local pollution intensity, but also reduce that of surrounding areas. Our empirical results highlight that cities should be encouraged to set up national HTZs in order to achieve an environmentally friendly high-quality development goal.

The Dynamic Value of China’s High-Tech Zones: Direct and Indirect Influence on Urban Ecological Innovation

China’s High-tech Industrial Development Zones (HTZ) are industrial agglomeration areas established by the local government to foster economic innovation. As springboards for cities to implement innovation-driven development strategies, HTZs have significant spillover and driving effects on urban ecological innovation. Based on panel data taken from 215 cities between 2003 and 2016, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of HTZ construction and its mechanisms as they pertain to urban ecological innovation. This analysis is framed by the double difference model and the intermediary effect model. It found that HTZ construction can effectively enhance urban ecological innovation, and formidably promote ecological innovation in central and eastern cities, as well as cities with superior scientific and educational resources. The intermediary mechanism analysis revealed that HTZs result in a policy depression effect, which may promote the agglomeration of urban innovation factors (including high-quality talents and investment), thereby bolstering urban ecological innovation. Moreover, HTZs’ investment agglomeration effect is primarily responsible for driving urban ecological innovation. Indeed, the HTZ construction may not only promote the local ecological innovation, but also have a significant spillover effect on the ecological innovation activities of other cities in the province.

Analyzing the regional economic changes in a high-tech industrial development zone using machine learning algorithms.

The aims are to improve the efficiency in analyzing the regional economic changes in China’s high-tech industrial development zones (IDZs), ensure the industrial structural integrity, and comprehensively understand the roles of capital, technology, and talents in regional economic structural changes. According to previous works, the economic efficiency and impact mechanism of China’s high-tech IDZ are analyzed profoundly. The machine learning (ML)-based Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index measurement algorithms are adopted to analyze the dynamic and static characteristics of high-tech IDZ’s economic data from 2009 to 2019. Furthermore, a high-tech IDZ economic efficiency influencing factor model is built. Based on the detailed data of a high-tech IDZ, the regional economic changes are analyzed from the following dimensions: economic environment, economic structure, number of talents, capital investment, and high-tech IDZ’s regional scale, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model further. Results demonstrate that the comprehensive economic efficiency of all national high-tech IDZs in China is relatively high. However, there are huge differences among different regions. The economic efficiency of the eastern region is significantly lower than the national average. The economic structure, number of talents, capital investment, and economic efficiency of the high-tech IDZs show a significant positive correlation. The economic changes in high-tech IDZs can be improved through the secondary industry, employee value, and funding input. The ML technology applied can make data processing more efficient, providing proper suggestions for developing China’s high-tech industrial parks.

The influence of corporate networks on competitive advantage: the mediating effect of ambidextrous innovation

ABSTRACT Corporate networksare important channels through which external resources can be acquired, but the effect of corporate networks on competitive advantage remainsunclear. Therefore, weuse a structural equation model to examinethe relationship betweencorporate networks, ambidextrous innovation, and competitive advantage with a sample of 384 high-tech enterprises gathered from Zhongguancunin Beijing and Shenzhen High-tech Industrial Development Zone. The results show that both corporate networks and ambidextrous innovationhadpositive effects on competitive advantage; moreover, the relationship between corporate networks and competitive advantage was mediated only by ambidextrous combination. The results of the multi-group analysis also show corporate networks had a stronger effect on manufacturers’ competitive advantage andambidextrous combinationthan that of service enterprises; while the ambidextrous combination had a greater effect on competitive advantages of service enterprises. These findings suggest that enterprise executives should pay more attention toambidextrous combinationsto increase the efficiency of corporate networks,and alsosuggest that the Chinese Government should use manufacturing companies in pilot schemes for innovative reform due to their resource advantage.

A Study of the Impact of Cloud Computing Alignment on the Enterprise Technological Capability Based on Environmental Turbulence

One of the most current concerns in the field of information system is whether cloud computing technology can deliver the desired improvement of capability and value to enterprises. This paper studied the enterprise technology development capability of the enterprises in Beijing Zhongguancun Technology Park, the first national high-tech industrial development zone in China, from the perspective of the breadth and depth of the alignment of cloud computing and enterprise. It proposed a theoretical model to study how the breadth and depth of alignment affects the enterprise technology development capability in a turbulent environment and considers the intermediary role of the enterprise technology absorption capability and the moderation role of environmental turbulence in it. The model was tested empirically by questionnaires and structural equation model (SEM). Empirical results showed that both the deep and wide alignment of cloud computing can enhance the enterprise technology development capability by improving the enterprise technology absorption capability.

The effects of National High-tech Industrial Development Zones on economic development and environmental pollution in China during 2003-2018.

Utilizing National High-tech Industrial Development Zones (NHIDZs) as a quasi-natural experiment, this study has adopted 285 prefecture and above cities from 2003 to 2018 in China as the research samples and constructed the difference-in-differences (DID) and spatial difference-in-differences (SDID) models to investigate the effects of NHIDZs on economic development and environmental pollution at national, regional, and administrative levels. The results show that NHIDZs have basically achieved a win-win situation in promoting economic development and reducing environmental pollution at the national level. However, spatial heterogeneity is supported at regional and administrative levels. Specifically, "the law of diminishing marginal effect" of NHIDZs is proved in the eastern cities and key cities, which reveals the uneven development pattern of government leading in China, and highlights the importance and necessary of making policy according to local conditions and governing environmental pollution by classification.

Effect of grain boundary energy anisotropy on grain growth in ZK60 alloy using a 3D phase-field modeling* *Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFB0701204), the 111 Project, China (Grant No. B20029), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant Nos. N2002017 and N2007011), the National Natural Science Foundation of China

A three-dimensional (3D) multiple phase field model, which takes into account the grain boundary (GB) energy anisotropy caused by texture, is established based on real grain orientations and Read–Shockley model. The model is applied to the grain growth process of polycrystalline Mg (ZK60) alloy to investigate the evolution characteristics in different systems with varying proportions of low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) caused by different texture levels. It is found that the GB energy anisotropy can cause the grain growth kinetics to change, namely, higher texture levels (also means higher LAGB proportion) result in lower kinetics, and vice versa. The simulation results also show that the topological characteristics, such as LAGB proportion and distribution of grain size, undergo different evolution characteristics in different systems, and a more serious grain size fluctuation can be caused by a higher texture level. The mechanism is mainly the slower evolution of textured grains in their accumulation area and the faster coarsening rate of non-textured grains. Therefore, weakening the texture level is an effective way for implementing a desired homogenized microstructure in ZK60 Mg alloy. The rules revealed by the simulation results should be of great significance for revealing how the GB anisotropy affects the evolution of polycrystalline during the grain growth after recrystallization and offer the ideas for processing the alloy and optimizing the microstructure.

Pilot governance and the rise of China's innovation

This paper provides empirical evidence for the significant role of pilot governance for the rise of innovation in China. Using patent data of Chinese cities between 1984 and 2010, the high-tech industrial development zone (HIDZ) pilot governance effect on innovation was examined. The results show that HIDZ pilot governance significantly improved the innovation output of cities. Furthermore, pilot governance was found to promote enterprise-university-research cooperations and attract an increasing number of enterprises to gather in HIDZs, which results in increasing innovation for pilot cities. Moreover, the HIDZ pilot governance conveys spillover effects to neighboring cities. This paper provides evidence to a growing body of theoretical literature, further emphasizing the role of pilot governance for promoting the development of local innovation.

Source identification, spatial distribution pattern, risk assessment and influencing factors for soil heavy metal pollution in a high-tech industrial development zone in Central China

We determined the spatial distribution pattern, source, risk level and influencing factor of heavy metal pollution in a typical high-tech industrial development zone of Changsha, China. A total of 123 topsoil samples were excavated from 11 different land-uses. Quite strong pollution (Nemerow) occurred in the whole zone. The Igeo pollution levels were from slight to strong for these elements. Four primary components were extracted from PCA with 79.36% of total variance explained. It could be deduced from the primary components that Cu, Co, Ni normally resulted from electronic industry; As and Cr were affected by both industrial and natural source; Pb and Zn were originated from traffic activities; and Cd was correlated with the activities of General equipment manufacturing industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The concentrations of Pb and Zn decreased from densely populated areas to suburbs, while the high concentrations of the other six elements were mainly found in the industrial lands. Heavy metal concentration was in weak relationship with green cover ratio (GCR) and built time, inferring that increase of GCR might not be contributed to improvement of the heavy metal pollution. While a reasonable spatial planning of land use had positive effects on controlling heavy metal pollution.

Changing imbalance: Spatial production of national high-tech industrial development zones in China (1988-2018)

Science parks are popular in most countries of the world. In China they have taken the form of National High-Tech Industrial Development Zones (NHTIDZs), which have demonstrated special spatiotemporal characteristics over the past thirty years. NHTIDZs, as exclusive spaces, epitomize the close relationship between governmental power and urbanization, and have become an organizational form of the production of space. However, little research has been carried out into the spatial production of China’s NHTIDZs. Based on the theory of the production of space, this article designs a framework for identifying the interactions between governmental power, NHTIDZs, and urbanization. We find there are two main characteristics of the changing imbalance between time and space: a rapid and unstable centralizing trend and an extremely uneven spatial distribution. The NHTIDZ, as a spatial organization pattern of urbanization, is dominated by governmental power. Because of rapid spatial expansion and great policy privileges, national-level NHTIDZs have become targets for governments at all levels. The purpose of the central government is to promote urbanization by expanding high-technology zones nationwide; therefore, urbanization in China is becoming a process of spatial production. To help China achieve a better urban-rural integration and sustainable development, policy suggestions for NHTIDZs are recommended.

The NLS-based nonlinear grey Bernoulli model with an application to employee demand prediction of high-tech enterprises in China

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new method based on nonlinear least squares (NLS) for solving the parameters of nonlinear grey Bernoulli model (NGBM(1,1)) and to verify the proposed model using the case of employee demand prediction of high-tech enterprises in China.Design/methodology/approachFirst of all, minimising the square sum of fitting error of grey differential equation of NGBM(1,1) is taken as the optimisation target and the parameters of classic grey model (GM(1,1)) are set as the initial value of parameter vector. Afterwards, the structural parameters and power exponents are solved by using the Gauss-Newton iteration algorithm so as to calculate the parameters of NGBM(1,1) under given rules for ceasing the algorithm. Finally, by taking the employee demand of high-tech enterprises in the state-level high-tech industrial development zone in China as examples, the validity of the new method is verified.FindingsThe results show that the parameter estimation algorithm based on the NLS method can effectively identify the power exponents of NGBM(1,1) and therefore can favourably adapt to the nonlinear fluctuations of sequences. In addition, the algorithm is superior to the GM(1,1) model, grey Verhulst model, and Quadratic-Exponential smoothing algorithm in terms of the simulation and prediction accuracy.Research limitations/implicationsUnder the framework of solving parameters based on NLS, various aspects of NGBM(1,1) remain to be further investigated including background value, initial condition and variable structural modelling methods.Practical implicationsThe parameter estimation algorithm based on NLS can effectively identify the power exponent of NGBM(1,1) and therefore it can favourably adapt to the nonlinear fluctuation of sequences.Originality/valueAccording to the basic principle of NLS, a new method for solving the parameters of NGBM(1,1) is proposed by using the Gauss-Newton iteration algorithm. Moreover, by conducting the modelling case about employees demand in high-tech enterprises in China, the effectiveness and superiority of the new method are verified.

A Study of the Influence of Learning Organization on Organizational Creativity and Organizational Communication in High Tech Technology

The value of a high-tech industry no longer lies in the number of plants, equipment, and products but the intellectual property, customer confidence, capability of collaborating with business partners, telecommunication infrastructure, and the creativity potential and skills of its employees. This study is motivated by investigating the way of constructing an environmental atmosphere for employees to enjoy their works and create, learn, communicate, and share their knowledge for a high-tech industry. It is also expected to provide guidance for an employee to integrate his/her personal goal with the organization’s so that he/she can keep contributing to the organization. The management levels and employees at the Weihai Huoju High-Tech Industrial Development Zone were selected as the research subjects in this study. A total of 500 questionnaire copies were dispatched and the number of valid questionnaire copies being returned was 376 with a rate of response as 75%. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The influence of a learning organization on organizational communications is positively significant. 2. The influence of organizational communications on organizational creativity is positively significant. 3. The influence of a learning organization on organizational creativity is positive. Conclusions and recommendations are proposed in study based on the research results with the expectation to turn a high tech industry into a learning organization and provide guidance for organizational communication and organizational creativity.