High-tech Equipment Research Articles

Practical skills in creating and conditions of a modern endoscopy department

Accumulated many years of experience in creating workrooms and functional endoscopy departments. Due to the fact that in our practice there are a lot of different regulatory documents in the field of construction: SNiP, codes of practice, practical design guidelines, as well as medical standards: SanPiN, sanitary rules, guidelines, various recommendations and orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, there is a huge resonance on the requirements of these documents for the creation of working conditions for flexible endoscopy of a certain profile in a medical organization. There are no standards for the development of models of a specific profile of endoscopy departments due to its widespread use in various medical practices. The development of a project for a new medical organization does not in any way concern sanitary standards, while newly built modern medical organizations are checked precisely according to sanitary standards and do not in any way concern building codes. Such an imbalance leads us to the harmonization of multi-profile documents, averaging of area requirements, engineering solutions, conditions for linking the operating requirements from the manufacturer of high-tech equipment. The creation of working groups and the development of individual planning solutions allows us to take into account all the nuances for proper operation, work out the equipment according to technical and dimensional characteristics and clearly formulate the requirements for the preparation of endoscopy workrooms.

A review on progress trends of machining of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics

In contemporary manufacturing industries, composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) have become indispensable, finding extensive applications in aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding, high-tech sports equipment, and more. The exceptional chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of CFRPs, including high corrosion resistance, superior strength-to-weight ratio, high fatigue strength, and oxidation resistance, make them highly sought after. However, these very advantages pose significant challenges during machining due to the abrasive nature of composites, anisotropic mechanical properties, and poor thermal conductivity, which collectively exacerbate tool wear. This review paper addresses the critical need for innovative solutions to improve the machinability of CFRPs, a subject of paramount importance for advancing manufacturing efficiency and product quality. It comprehensively examines the latest research progress, current practices, and emerging trends in machining techniques such as turning, drilling (including reaming and countersinking), milling and grinding. The review delves into the influence of various cutting conditions, environments, and tool geometries. It also examines tool textures, materials, and coatings. Additionally, advanced machining methods, including vibration, thermal, and hybrid-assisted machining, are discussed. These factors impact key performance metrics such as cutting forces and torques, tool wear and life, chip morphology, surface roughness, and the quality of machined surfaces, including defect analysis. By synthesizing a vast array of literature for the first time, this paper highlights the most effective strategies to enhance machinability while extending tool life and improving surface finish. Notably, it underscores the innovative use of dry and flood lubrication, minimum quantity lubrication, cryogenic lubrication, and high-pressure cooling. Additionally, it emphasizes optimizing cutting tool geometry, employing diamond tools, and coating tools with TiN and TiAlN, alongside the application of heat treatment and hybrid machining methods, particularly those incorporating vibration machining techniques. This review not only identifies the current challenges but also proposes cutting-edge solutions, making it an essential resource for researchers and practitioners aiming to push the boundaries of CFRP machining technology.

Identification and genotyping of Chikungunya virus using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods

INTRODUCTION. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) genotyping involves sequencing fractions of genes encoding E1, E2, and nsP1 proteins or the entire genome of the virus. Available reagent kits or polymerase chain reaction protocols cannot be used for CHIKV genotyping, and nucleic acid sequencing requires expensive equipment and materials, which are not always available. Therefore, it seems promising to use a simpler and more cost-effective restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method, which has not previously been used for CHIKV genotyping.AIM. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RFLP for CHIKV identification and genotyping.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The experimental study used RNA from CHIKV strains of four genotypes, including the Asian, West African (WAf), and East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotypes, and the Indian Ocean Lineage of the ECSA genotype (ECSA-IOL). The study used RT-PCR followed by DNA restriction and restriction fragment length analysis.RESULTS. The nsP2 gene fragment of 648 bp in length (positions 3806 to 4453) contains recognition sites for the restriction endonucleases PspEI, PvuII, and DraI. The presence or absence of these sites generates a different combination specific to each of the four CHIKV genotypes. The authors designed primers for amplification of the selected gene region and performed RTPCR and RFLP.CONCLUSIONS. The RFLP method can be used for rapid CHIKV identification and genotyping. The method provides results within a few hours and does not require high-tech equipment.

IMPROVING ORGANIZATIONAL PROCEDURES TRAINING FOR CNC MACHINE OPERATORS

The article is devoted to the issues of improving methodological tools and procedures for conducting organizational training of workers at primary sites in the conditions of modernization of production processes. The introduction of modern, high-tech equipment, digitalization of production, transition to new work standards, as well as optimization of the technological process create the need for a more rapid response to the requests of performers, in particular operators of numerically controlled machine tools. Based on the analysis of theoretical sources, the features of traditional and learning organizations are considered, their distinctive characteristics are presented, the factors influencing the need to invest in in-house training are studied, the sequence of stages in the implementation of in-house training of production workers is shown, and their brief characteristics are given. The study of the existing in-house training system at the enterprise made it possible to identify its shortcomings and propose a number of measures to improve the procedure and methodological tools. In particular, it is proposed to create a training sector on the basis of a mechanical assembly shop for operators of numerically controlled machine tools, which will minimize existing problems with organizational training for this category of workers and reduce the load on the training center, the personnel service of the enterprise, and also presents draft improved training program. The proposed activities will ultimately contribute to the fact that operators of machine tools with numerical control will receive deeper knowledge and skills related to the specifics of software and machining stages on new type equipment, as well as in the process of work will be able to more fully analyze the situation and select the best machining modes, taking into account the available tools.

The role of innovations in the development of modern sports games and its impact on physical activity and sports achievements

Scientific and technical progress is rapidly accelerating, therefore innovative technologies penetrate into all aspects of human life, in particular, into the sports sphere. They open new horizons, allow you to achieve positive results and offer high-tech equipment and equipment. The purpose of the article was to analyze the impact of innovations on physical activity in modern society and sports achievements. In the course of the study, it was found that innovations are innovative methods, technologies and approaches that are implemented to achieve new results, improve processes or solve problems in a certain field. Technological innovations such as virtual reality, innovative materials for sports equipment, artificial intelligence, digital technologies have affected all sports. The main examples of these technologies and their advantages of implementation in the sports industry were analyzed. So, for example, it is determined that the use of synthetic materials in poles for athletics increases their catapulting properties and sports achievements of athletes. Virtual reality technologies contribute to the effective training of cyclists, providing the opportunity to reproduce different weather conditions and types of routes, to test different strategies of speed and intensity of riding without any risks. Modern technologies, which allow to objectively evaluate the biomechanical parameters of the athlete's movements and to correct and improve them, contribute to a significant increase in the effectiveness of the athlete training system. The main groups of modern biomechanical technologies implemented in sports are analyzed. Significant technological updates in the field of sports are caused by the active implementation of digital technologies. Digital technologies help improve the national health care system by facilitating the collection, analysis and dissemination of data on health and physical activity. A key innovation in sports is also the use of fitness trackers and mobile applications that provide personalized training programs and nutritional recommendations.

The Effects of Integrated Proprioception Development Strategies in Increasing the Psycho-Neuro-Motor Level of Children

This research aims to evaluate the improvement of proprioception capacity in 24 male subjects, aged 10 years, by applying an intervention strategy and proposing a specific competence within the physical education school program for the 4th grade in Romania. An experimental group (EG, n=12) underwent an ameliorative intervention for 14 weeks, having two lessons per week, while a control group (CG, n=12) followed the usual football training program at the club sport. Both EG and CG subjects were evaluated, under similar conditions, using four tests: Body Sway, Flamingo, March in place – MIP and Circle, using scientific equipment OptoJump Next and GYko Microgate. The statistical analysis compared the results of the two groups, using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test to verify the normality of the distributions, and to verify the significance of the statistical differences, the Independent T-test and the Mann Whitney U-test were used. The results revealed statistically significant differences in three of the four applied tests, confirming the general efficiency of the experimental program. These findings support the possibility of optimizing the contents of the school physical education program to support the development of proprioception and body awareness in primary school children. The use of high-tech equipment, such as GyKo Microgate and OptoJump Next, can provide standardized data on neural processing of sensory information, thus contributing to a more accurate and efficient approach to school physical education.

Управление процессом обслуживания высокотехнологичного оборудования с использованием сетей Петри

The paper considers the management of the maintenance process of high-tech equipment. The mechanism of operation, maintenance and repair of equipment elements and the availability of highly qualified personnel capable of performing certain types of work are described. The functioning of the Petri net reflects the process of using and maintaining high-tech equipment. The Petri net explores events that correlate certain transitions. The conditions for triggering transitions are considered, and the connections between positions and transitions are described. Each position of the selected set corresponds to the types of high-tech equipment being analyzed, the routine maintenance work performed and the teams carrying out these works. To simulate the processes of functioning of the Petri net, a transition function is formed, which allows determining new network states obtained when a transition is triggered. The rules of operation of the Petri net are described. Allowed transitions are implemented, which have non-zero values in each position at the label input. The transition is triggered not necessarily at the nearest allowed time. The change in the state of the Petri net and its labeling during the implementation of various transitions and changes in the order of their implementation is investigated. When performing any transition, the labeling of the Petri net in question changes. The labels in each position at the input of the implemented transition are reduced by one, and in each output position they increase by one, and the addition of chips at the output positions and decrease at the input positions occur simultaneously. A matrix approach is used to describe the process of functioning of a Petri net. The equipment in question can be aircraft, vehicles, machine tools, etc. As a result, the mechanism of operation, maintenance and repair of equipment elements is considered in the form of parallel processes that occur in the system under consideration independently of each other.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ КОРОТКОВОЛНОВОЙ РАДИОСВЯЗИ В АРКТИЧЕСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ

The problems of shortwave radio communication organization are considered in the Arctic region. Possible ways to solve them are identified, as well as ways to develop this type of communication in the regions of the Far North and other hard-to-reach areas of the Russian Federation. A brief analysis of the results of monitoring and testing of new communication equipment was carried out within the framework of Interdepartmental experimental research exercises of the forces and Means of EMERCOM of Russia, which were held in 2023. Based on the results of the analysis, scientifically based recommendations on the use of communication equipment have been developed and the use of rescue units of EMERCOM of Russia in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Shortwave radio communication may be the only alternative when working in the Arctic region or in other hard-to-reach areas. As a result of the activities carried out in the Arctic integrated emergency rescue centers The EMERCOM of Russia began to receive modern high-tech communication equipment for operation.

A Reference Architecture for Reverse Logistics in the High-Tech Industry

With the pressing need to shift towards sustainable sociotechnical systems, high-tech equipment manufacturers are facing an increasing demand for accountability in reverse logistics. Implementation of reverse logistics introduces complexities, particularly in handling the unpredictability of product returns, coordination of the network, and communication among different stakeholders along the reverse chain. To navigate these complexities and facilitate decision-making, the objective of this paper is to design a reference architecture tailored to the high-tech manufacturing sector. The proposed reference architecture encompasses a variety of reverse logistics activities, ranging from installed base management to recovery processes, to achieve supply chain circularity, and couples these witha data-driven decision-making processes to enhance efficiency and reliability throughout the reverse chain. The reference architecture is instantiated in the context of a real company case published in the literature and evaluated by domain experts and practitioners in the target industry. Evaluation results from questionnaire analysis indicate very positive responses towards our proposed solution in terms of completeness, flexibility, integration, simplicity, understandability, and usability. Overall, the reference architecture supports reverse logistics practitioners in integrated decision-making, ranging from organisational to operational levels.

Consensus for Operating Room Multimodal Data Management: Identifying Research Priorities for Data-Driven Surgery.

This study aimed to identify research areas that demand attention in multimodal data-driven surgery for improving data management in minimally invasive surgery. New surgical procedures, high-tech equipment, and digital tools are increasingly being introduced, potentially benefiting patients and surgical teams. These innovations have resulted in operating rooms evolving into data-rich environments, which, in turn, requires a thorough understanding of the data pipeline for improved and more intelligent real-time data usage. As this new domain is vast, it is necessary to identify where efforts should be focused on developing seamless and practical data usage. A modified electronic Delphi approach was used; 53 investigators were divided into the following groups: a research group (n=9) for problem identification and a narrative literature review, a medical and technical expert group (n=14) for validation, and an invited panel (n=30) for two electronic survey rounds. Round 1 focused on a consensus regarding bottlenecks in surgical data science areas and research gaps, while round 2 prioritized the statements from round 1, and a roadmap was created based on the identified essential and very important research gaps. Consensus panelists have identified key research areas, including digitizing operating room (OR) activities, improving data streaming through advanced technologies, uniform protocols for handling multimodal data, and integrating AI for efficiency and safety. The roadmap prioritizes standardizing OR data formats, integrating OR data with patient information, ensuring regulatory compliance, standardizing surgical AI models, and securing data transfers in the next generation of wireless networks. This work is an international expert consensus regarding the current issues and key research targets in the promising field of data-driven surgery, highlighting the research needs of many operating room stakeholders with the aim of facilitating the implementation of novel patient care strategies in minimally invasive surgery.

New approaches to solving old problems: history lessons

The aim of this review was to demonstrate the significant successes of domestic neonatology, thanks to which infant mortality rates have dropped unprecedentedly, mostly due to a decrease in early neonatal and overall neonatal mortality in the last 3 decades. The noted achievements are primarily due to the implementation of the National Project “Health”. Within this project, a large number of perinatal centers were commissioned and a multi-level system of providing care to pregnant women from high-risk groups was introduced, equipped with high-quality diagnostic and treatment equipment and life-saving drugs.Conclusion. Over the past decades, significant successes have been noted by domestic manufacturers in the creation of high-tech medical equipment, consumables and medications used in neonatology, some of which are one-of-a-kind on the global arena.

Analysis of structures and movement parametres of self-climbing platforms and development prospects

Introduction. For high-rise building construction self-climbing platforms based on hydraulic drive are used, lifting the formwork for monolithic structures. These lifting mechanisms differ in structures, characteristics and parameters. There is a need to introduce high-tech equipment in the industry. To create self-climbing platforms for high-rise construction, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of operation of lifting vehicles.Materials and methods. Platforms based on climbing profile for the analysis were used. The design features of the specified type of platforms were considered. The main parameters were speed of lifting, maximum lifting height and load capacity.Results. Graphical data on the main structural elements and the lifting process were obtained the specified type of platforms. Graphical data on hydraulic system is provided and the mechanism of movement is considered in detail. The basic formulas for determining the platform lifting speed and maximum load capacity required for the choosing of specified lifting vehicles.Discussion and conclusion. Existence of factors affecting the lifting speed of platforms and their maximum load capacity provides grounds for the development of a method for calculating and designing the considered transport and technological equipment in Russian Federation. One of the ways to develop this lifting equipment is integration of accessory mechanisms into their structure for fulfilling additional works during the construction of high-rise buildings, in this way forming a single transport and technological complex.

Production of ceramic bricks using nickel slags as contribution to decarbonization

PurposeThe study suggests that the high concentration of mining and metallurgical enterprises on the territory of the Russian Ural region determines the need to consider industrial waste, including nickel slag, as a possible raw material for the production of ceramic bricks. The article describes the properties of clays and nickel slag obtained at metallurgical enterprises in the Orenburg region and the features of their use as components in the composition of ceramic bricks.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this purpose, such tasks as determining the technological parameters of production, conducting the X-ray phase and microstructural analysis of the obtained samples were solved.FindingsCompositions of ceramic mass using clay from the Khalilovsky deposit (Orenburg region) with the addition of nickel slag (20 and 40% by weight) have been developed, and their physical and mechanical properties (compressive strength, bending strength, water absorption and density) have been determined. With the help of modern research methods involving high-tech equipment, the microstructure is considered and the phase composition of the finished samples is determined. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the composition of the selected clay and nickel slag in the obtained rational composition ensures the production of ceramic bricks of grades M175 and M200.Originality/valueThis is the first study on the use of nickel slag for the production of ceramic bricks. The results relate primarily to Russian feedstocks, but a methodology is presented that can be applied to other countries as well as to other silica-containing feedstocks.

Modes of occurrence of organically-associated arsenic in Ge-rich coal deposits

A significant proportion of germanium (Ge), a critical metal for manufacturing chips and other high-tech equipment, is globally extracted from Ge-rich coal deposits. The hazardous trace element arsenic (As) is also abnormally enriched in the world-class Wulantuga and Lincang coal-hosted Ge deposits. However, the modes of occurrence of As in the Ge-rich coal remain unclear, although it is mainly incorporated in crystalline structures in other Ge deposits. In this study, the coordination and local structure of organically-associated As in coals are systematically investigated by applying the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This approach provides an insightful comprehension of the modes of occurrence of As and benefits the cleaner utilization of the germanium coal deposits. Based on experimental indications, model compounds of hydroxyl- (phenol, catechol, ethanol, acetic acid, and benzoic acid) and sulfydryl- (methyl mercaptan, ethanethiol, phenyl mercaptan, benzene-1,2-dithiol, and thiobenzoic acid) containing groups are investigated. The data indicate that As can exist in coal organics in various forms of As-O (hydroxyls) and As-S (thiols) complexes. To achieve best stabilization, arsenic can bind with five molecules of phenol (binding energy −7.19 eV), four molecules of ethanol/benzoic acid (−8.45 eV/−9.70 eV), or three molecules of catechol/acetic acid (−5.79 eV/−8.91 eV). Similarly, arsenic can bind with three sulfydryl-containing molecules to form most stable structures (−6.18 eV to −7.44 eV). Additionally, organic sulfur structures in coal that lack S–H bond are less likely to be the bonding sites for As due to significantly lower binding energies (−0.90 eV to −1.77 eV when As is bonded to one molecule of model compound). Hence, destroying O/S-bridged complexes is a promising method to remove organically-associated As from the coals in the Ge ore deposits, as well as other coals enriched in organic As.

Ключевые аспекты рисков в профессиональной деятельности медицинских работников

At present, the greatest challenge associated with risks in healthcare is the lack of research on occupational diseases associated with healthcare workers’ activities. Despite all achievements of the modern medicine and use of high-tech equipment, occupational health risks remain high in healthcare organizations. Few available literature sources assume that the level of actual occupational morbidity among healthcare workers is considerably higher than the official figures. This does not allow us to fully assess its prevalence. No unified approaches to investigating morbidity among healthcare workers have been developed yet. Analysis of available literature sources has revealed that most studies with their focus on peculiarities of working conditions and health of healthcare workers as well as associated risk factors are rather fragmentary and do not fully encompass all relevant aspects. At present, there is no unified organizational system for occupational safety that includes, among other things, scientific study of the issue. It is advisable to create a concept of occupational health risks in order to provide effective substantiation for selecting managerial decisions on regulation of effects produced by risk factors on personnel employed by healthcare organizations. The methodology for occupational health risk analysis is eligible for becoming an instrument that can ensure an effective policy aimed at protecting and promoting health of healthcare workers.

Key aspects of occupational risks for healthcare workers

At present, the greatest challenge associated with risks in healthcare is the lack of research on occupational diseases associated with healthcare workers’ activities. Despite all achievements of the modern medicine and use of high-tech equipment, occupational health risks remain high in healthcare organizations. Few available literature sources assume that the level of actual occupational morbidity among healthcare workers is considerably higher than the official figures. This does not allow us to fully assess its prevalence. No unified approaches to investigating morbidity among healthcare workers have been developed yet. Analysis of available literature sources has revealed that most studies with their focus on peculiarities of working conditions and health of healthcare workers as well as associated risk factors are rather fragmentary and do not fully encompass all relevant aspects. At present, there is no unified organizational system for occupational safety that includes, among other things, scientific study of the issue. It is advisable to create a concept of occupational health risks in order to provide effective substantiation for selecting managerial decisions on regulation of effects produced by risk factors on personnel employed by healthcare organizations. The methodology for occupational health risk analysis is eligible for becoming an instrument that can ensure an effective policy aimed at protecting and promoting health of healthcare workers.

METALLURGMASH – opportunities for import substitution

The article is devoted to the analysis of various aspects of import substitution of metallurgical equipment and the activities of enterprises that are members of the International Union of Metallurgical Equipment Manufacturers to create competitive high-tech equipment for the main metallurgical processes and various sectors of the economy. Information is provided on the latest developments and supplies of high-tech equipment by enterprises that are members of the International Union of Metallurgical Equipment Manufacturers for blast furnace, steelmaking and rolling production, as well as for various industries

FULLY AUTOMATED SOLAR GRASS CUTTER

In present world grass cutter machines are becoming very popular . Rapid growth of different high-tech tools and equipment makes our jobs much easier . Nowadays we are facing issues of pollution and power failures in our daily life . As we know pollution is manmade, so there are solutions for this problems too .Earlier grass cutters contains IC engine and hence because of its environmental impact, pollution level rises .IC engines are costly and hence the grass cutter is also costly.This was one of the main disadvantage of old model grass cutters. Maintenance cost of this conventional machine is also high.In order to overcome these drawbacks , we have thought about the device, which performs its functions without causing such problems.The project aims at implementing a grass cutting machine system which runs on solar energy .This model is economical compared to the previous one .Solar power doesn’t release any green house gases.Hence it is safe and environmentally friendly. Also use of solar power reduces use of electricity .General principle of mowing were used in the designinig and developing of solar powered grass cutter .The designing of the project consists of solar panel,DC motor,motor driver,arduinoUNO,cutting blade,ultrasonic sensor.Arduino is used to control the entire system and hence the device is automated.Ultrasonic sensor is used for avoiding obstacles and the working of the same is also controlled by the microcontroller.The battery recharges by the solar charging controller and also less energy is required for cutting the grass.Hence the performance is more efficient than the conventional machine.Levelling of grasses in playgrounds,gardens etc.can be achieved by using this machine.The cutted grass left behind will also be collected along with the cutting operation by using grass collection technique.This is additionally inbuilted on the device.Since the device is fully automated no man power is needed and also skilled labourers are not neeeded to operate the device.Hence normal people can use this automated grass cutter without much efforts. Keywords-Solar,Grass cutter,Levelling,Economical,Pollution- Free

Superior interface adhesion and protective mechanism of room-temperature-curable polymer composite coating on engineering substrates with lower roughness

In view of the technology bottleneck of the adhesion failure of traditional functional protective coatings on the smoother surface of precise parts served in the marine atmosphere, a room-temperature-curable fluoropolymer/polyurethane (denoted as RFP) polymer composite coating of 20–30 μm is prepared on the metal substrates. Static pull-off and dynamic friction test methods are used to evaluate the interface adhesion of the coating. The coating shows superior adhesive strength of 18–24 MPa on a variety of metal substrates with a wide range of surface roughness (Ra = 0.1–1.6 μm). The friction coefficient of the coating surface is about 0.05–0.08, and the wear life is up to 9–12 km/μm. Furthermore, the adhesion strength of the coating remains 12–14 MPa after 1600 h of salt spray while the wear life of the coating keeps 3–9 km/μm after 720 h of salt spray. The influences of surface roughness (Ra), surface free energy (γOxide), surface potential (φOxide) of the metal substrates and the bonding force at substrate-coating interface on the adhesive energy (Eadh.) are discussed, and the mechanism of "physical-chemical-surface" synergetic enhanced interface adhesion is proposed. The RFP coating is used as the intermediate layer for traditional PU and EP coatings to improve their adhesion on smooth aluminum substrate from 1.39 MPa to 17.5 MPa (increased by 1260 %). Thus, the polymer coating has the potential to provide technical support for the development of long-term anticorrosive coating technology for precision components of marine high-tech equipment.

Implementation of import substitution of high-tech equipment for the concrete industry at the enterprise

The article presents a description of the stages of work and technical innovations of a domestic equipment manufacturer in the concrete industry under sanctions. The need to create our own equipment and components allowed production to reach a new level.