Higher Tear Strength Research Articles

Trans-1,4-poly(isoprene-co-butadiene) rubber enhances abrasion resistance in natural rubber and polybutadiene composites

This study investigates the integration of Trans-1,4-poly (isoprene-co-butadiene) rubber (TBIR) with natural rubber (NR) and cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber (BR) to enhance the abrasion resistance of rubber composites. The NR/BR blend, a significant material in the rubber industry, is limited by poor interfacial compatibility and non-uniform filler distribution, resulting in heightened abrasion and failure. The addition of TBIR, along with carbon black (CB) and graphene oxide (GO), aims to achieve synergistic reinforcement. The results show that with 20 phr TBIR, the DIN abrasion of the composites decreased by 13.8 %, meeting the ISO 10247 standard for high-abrasion conveyor belt cover rubber. The improvement in wear resistance is attributed to TBIR's crystalline nature, which enhances tear strength, hardness, and elongation at break. TBIR also acts as an interface compatibility agent, improving the network structure of the rubber and fillers, thus enhancing composite performance. Observations of Schallamach waves, abrasion surface, and debris morphology indicate that the primary surface abrasion mechanism for the NR/BR/TBIR composites is abrasive abrasion. Regression analysis reveals that the abrasion resistance of the NR/BR/TBIR composites correlates with their mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, with higher tear strength, hardness, and elongation at break correlating with reduced surface damage due to abrasive abrasion. This research provides valuable insights into the development of high-abrasion-resistant natural rubber composites and the investigation of abrasion resistance mechanisms in rubber composites.

Multi‐Solvent‐Induced Gradient Aggregation Rendered Superstrong, Tough, Stretchable, and Fatigue‐Resistant Lignin‐Based Supramolecular Hydrogels

AbstractA hydrogel that is expected as a biomedical load‐bearing material remains a substantial challenge. In this work, a multi‐solvent‐induced gradient aggregation state strategy is developed to construct lignin‐based supramolecular hydrogels that feature superstrong, tough, stretchable, and fatigue‐resistant properties. The multi‐solvent high‐temperature annealing induces the gradient crystallization of polyvinyl alcohol and the self‐assembly of lignin. The interior strong hydrogen‐binding and the external weak non‐covalent‐binding forms a gradient aggregation state microstructure and compact macrostructure, where lignin acts as an interfacial molecular bridge. By sharing interconnection points to collaboratively dissipate energy, the developed hydrogels demonstrate high modulus (74.4 MPa), toughness (90 MJ m−3), tear (34,000 J m−2), tensile (24.8 MPa), and compressive strength (60 MPa). Moreover, such lignin‐based supramolecular hydrogels also exhibit extraordinary fatigue resistance, biocompatibility, and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity. This gradient non‐covalent conjoined‐network caused by multi‐solvent high‐temperature annealing provides a new design strategy and potential for developing biomaterials that mimic biomedical load‐bearing materials (e.g., natural tendons and ligaments).

Tearing properties, crystallization behavior, microstructure, and morphology of LLDPE with different short branched chain distributions

Abstract The length and distribution of comonomers with short-chain branching (SCB) have a significant influence on the crystallization behavior and crystal structure of polymers, as well as the mechanical properties of the material. This study investigates the crystallization behavior and properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) samples with similar density, molecular weight, and branching degree but varying SCB distributions. The results show that LLDPE with butene as the comonomer has a stronger ability to suppress crystallization compared to LLDPE with hexene as the comonomer due to its more uniform SCB distribution. Additionally, among LLDPEs with comonomers of octene, hexene, and butene, the LLDPE with the most uniform SCB distribution exhibits the weakest crystallization ability. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate that LLDPE with more uniform distribution of SCB has smaller long-period and more regular lamellar structure. Therefore, LLDPE with more uniform SCB distribution exhibits weaker inhibition ability towards crystallization, leading to less agglomerated phases and weaker phase separation, resulting in higher tear strength.

Comparative Evaluation of Tear Strength and Tensile Strength of Different Types of Gingival Mask Materials: An In Vitro Study.

The implant-supported prosthetic treatment strategy is commonly chosen in modern dentistry to address tooth loss caused by a variety of conditions or dental defects. To achieve healthy and natural-looking results in implant dentistry, it is essential to replicate the peri-implant soft tissue.The gingival tissue that surrounds implants is quite accurately replicated by gingival masks. They facilitate more accurate prosthesis restoration design, enhance periodontal health, and promote oral cleanliness. Furthermore, gingival masks allow for the accurate observation of superstructure seating on implant analogs, which is essential for creating superstructures that fit perfectly. To evaluate the change in tear strength and tensile strength of three different gingival mask materials (esthetic mask auto mix, Gi-MaskandGingifast Rigid) available in the market at various time intervals. Total of 540 specimens were fabricated with 180 samples of each group. Changes in tensile strength and tear strength of three different gingival mask materials (esthetic mask auto mix, Gi-MaskandGingifast Rigid) at intervals of one day, three days, and seven days were measured by a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc test.We also performed correlation and regression analyses on tear and tensile strength. The null hypothesis, which is supported by these data, claims that there is no discernible variation in the tear strength and tensile strength of three distinct materials across various time intervals. Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected, and it was concluded that there was a significant change in the tear strength and tensile strength of these gingival mask materials at different time intervals. Esthetic mask auto mix has a high tear strength compared to Gi-Mask and gingifast rigid. Gi-Mask has the least tear strength among all three. Tensile strength decreases as time increases, but the Esthetic mask auto mixhas high strength compared to Gi-Mask and gingifast rigid. Selecting the right material for gingival masks is essential, taking into account the clinical scenario and the articulation time.Time influences gingival mask materials' tear strength and tensile strength, which impacts their performance and durability. Esthetic mask auto mix has a high tear and tensile strength compared to Gi-Mask and gingifast rigid.

Effect of spandex linear density and twist multiplier on the properties of core spun yarn and denim fabric

AbstractThe utilization of core‐spun yarns with spandex has achieved significant interest over the past decade because of their exceptional stretchability, resilience, and comfort features. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of changing the spandex denier and twist multiplier on the physio‐mechanical properties of 16 Ne core spun yarn and the produced denim fabric using these yarns as weft. Core‐spun yarns were produced from three different spandex deniers at various TM values, where cotton roving was used as the sheath. Fabrics were manufactured using an air‐jet weaving machine with the core spun yarn as weft and 100% ring cotton yarn as warp (12 Ne) following the identical 3/1 twill weave pattern. Results reveal that using different spandex percentages shows better results at different TM parameters. Both yarn and fabric were attained at a twist multiplier of 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 for 40, 70, and 105 D, respectively. Additionally, it was discovered that the yarn produced using lower spandex denier gives higher tenacity for yarn and fabric. However, the yarn produced using a higher spandex denier gives higher elongation percentage for yarn, higher tear strength, recovery, and lower growth percentage fabric.Highlights Influence of spandex denier and twist multiplier on the physio‐mechanical properties of core‐spun yarn and the resulting denim fabric. The higher spandex denier exhibited greater tear strength, better recovery, and lower fabric growth percentages. Increasing the twist multiplier initially increased the tenacity and elongation percentage of yarns and fabrics, followed by a decrease. Higher spandex percentages reduced hairiness and increased with higher twist levels. Higher spandex denier indicates the need for tailored TM settings based on spandex denier to achieve desired fabric properties.

Mechanical Properties, Workability, and Experiments of Reinforced Composite Beams with Alternative Binder and Aggregate

Arguably the most important element in the sustainability of concrete development is the discovery of an optimal sustainable binder and substitution for the increasingly depleted reserves of natural aggregates. Considerable interest has been shown in alkali-activated materials, which possess good characteristics and could be considered environmentally friendly because of their use of secondary materials in production. The aim of this study was the determination of the mechanical properties of three different mixtures based on the same locally accessible raw materials. The reference mixture contained Portland cement, the second mix contained a finely ground granulated blast furnace slag instead of cement, and the third mixture contained a portion of light artificial aggregate. The experiments focused on the testing and mutual comparison of the processability of the fresh mixture and mechanical characteristics (like compressive and flexural strength, as well as resistance to high temperatures and surface layer tear strength tests). Reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement and with three levels of reinforcement were also tested with a three-point bend test. The results show that, overall, the mechanical properties of all the tested mixtures were similar, but each had its own disadvantages. For example, the blast furnace slag-based mixture had a more vulnerable surface layer or a debatable loss of bulk density in the light aggregate mix at the expense of the mechanical properties. One of the main results of the research is that it was possible to technologically produce beams from the alkali-activated concrete (AAC) mixture. Then, the performed beam experiments verified the mechanism of damage, collapse, and load capacity. The obtained results are essential because they present the use of AAC not only in laboratory conditions but also for building elements. In beams without shear reinforcement, the typical tensile cracks caused by bending and shear cracks appeared under loading, where their character was affected depending on the degree of beam reinforcement and loading.

Determinación de parámetros tecnológicos en curtición vegetal de piel de paiche (Arapaima gigas) con extracto de quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) y mimosa (Acacia dealbata) para el aprovechamiento industrial ambientalmente sostenible

La crianza de paiche en la Amazonía peruana produce suficiente materia prima para la elaboración de cuero a base de piel de pescado; sin embargo, estas pieles representan un problema de contaminación debido a su limitado aprovechamiento. En esta investigación, se resalta la relevancia de emplear procedimientos tanto mecánicos como químicos con el fin de obtener cuero de excelente calidad. Para llevar a cabo este proceso, se utilizaron diferentes concentraciones de quebracho y mimosa. El cuero de piel de paiche resultante fue resistente y moldeable, con una capacidad de resistencia a la flexión que excede las 30 000 flexiones sin deformación, mayor resistencia al desgarro en T1 (146.23 N) y T5 (143.12 N) y mayor tracción en T4 (16.62 N/mm2). Además, presentó un contenido de cenizas inferior al 1%, humedad inferior al 9% y óxido de cromo inferior al 1.5%. Se trataron además los efluentes generados durante el proceso, los cuales presentaron valores aceptables de pH, conductividad y DQO.

Simultaneously achieving excellent heat aging resistance and grip performance in carbon black/glass flake/EPDM rubber composite for overhead line spacers

The preparation of wire clamp rubber with semiconductivity, low compression set (C-Set), high mechanical strength, heat aging resistance, and high grip strength is vital for overhead line spacers. This study delves into the formulation design of high-performance ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) composite materials for wire clamp rubber. The effects of the vulcanization system, carbon black type, and loading on the essential material properties of EPDM rubber were investigated. The results showed that a hybrid vulcanization system containing peroxide and sulfur simultaneously endowed EPDM rubber with high elasticity and tear strength. N330 carbon black-filled EPDM rubber had the advantages of semiconductivity and high tensile strength, and N774 carbon black-filled EPDM rubber exhibited low C-Set and high heat aging resistance. When EPDM rubber was reinforced with the mixture of 50 phr N330 and 20 phr N774 carbon black, the rubber synchronously exhibited semiconductivity (2.64×106 Ω·cm), high tensile strength (20.2 MPa), low C-Set (32.5%, 150°C×3d), and high heat aging resistance (maintaining 98% of its initial tensile strength after aging at 150°C for 3d). In addition, introducing a 10-phr glass flake into EPDM wire clamp rubber improved the grip force by 83%. The improvement mechanism may be attributed to the increased compression stress of wire clamp rubber on cable and the restricted slippage of rubber molecular chains.

Sustainable yarns and fabrics from tri-blends of banana, cotton and tencel fibres for textile applications

Millions of tons of banana pseudo-stem are readily available annually, making it a sustainable resource for banana fiber. Banana fibres possess inherent mechanical strength and anti-microbial properties, accompanied by stiffness and a harsh feel that undermine their full utilization in textiles. An effort was made in this study to create eco-friendly yarns and fabrics by combining banana fiber reclaimed from banana agro-waste with cotton and regenerated cellulosic (Tencel) fiber in varying blend ratios. The negative influence attached to banana fibre due to its chemical softening was overcome by boiling it in distilled water. The softened banana fibres were evaluated based on feel, strength, and weight loss. Three blend ratios, i.e., 10%, 20%, and 30% of banana fibre by weight, were selected to produce Banana: Cotton: Tencel blended yarns. Yarn characterizations revealed excellent mechanical properties as compared to the benchmark Cotton: Tencel 50:50 yarns. The yarn bundle strength and single yarn strength obtained in the case of 20% banana fibre blended yarn were approximately 11% and 8.62% higher than the Cotton: Tencel 50:50 blended yarns and 22.90% better in the yarn quality index analysis, respectively. Fabrics were formed using the said yarns on an industrial loom. Banana fibre blended fabrics exhibited a 6.61% higher tear strength, 18.8% more air permeability, 20% more elongation, and 12% higher tensile strength as compared to the Cotton: Tencel blended fabrics. The provided findings in this study propose that following this design approach during textile manufacturing will lead to more environmental and economic gains with high performance.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Butylene Sebacate-Co-Terephthalate) Copolyesters with Pentaerythritol as Branching Agent.

Poly(butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate) (PBSeT) copolyesters are prepared by melt polymerization via two-step transesterification and polycondensation using pentaerythritol (PE) as a branching agent. The effects of the incorporated PE on its chemical, thermal, mechanical, and degradation properties, along with the rheological properties of its melt, are investigated. The highest molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity along with the lowest melt flow index were achieved at a PE content of 0.2 mol%, with minimal reduction in the tensile strength and the highest tear strength. The addition of PE did not significantly influence the thermal behavior and stability of the PBSeT copolyesters; however, the elongation at break decreased with increasing PE content. The sample with 0.2 mol% PE exhibited a higher storage modulus and loss modulus as well as a lower loss angle tangent than the other samples, indicating improved melt elasticity. The incorporation of more than 0.2 mol% PE enhanced the enzymatic degradation of copolyesters. In summary, including within 0.2 mol%, PE effectively improved both the processability-related characteristics and degradation properties of PBSeT copolyesters, suggesting their potential suitability for use in agricultural and packaging materials.

Enhanced toughness and tear resistance of thin-walled High-Pressure Die-Cast aluminum alloys through Friction stir processing

In this study, we investigate the toughness and resistance to tear of thin-wall high-pressure die-cast (HPDC) aluminum alloys in two different orientations following the implementation of friction stir processing (FSP). The FSP technique was applied to two different HPDC Al-Si alloys: the recyclable-grade, high iron, A380 alloy and the premium-quality, low iron, Aural-5 alloy. Our findings reveal significant tear resistance and strength enhancements for both alloys after FSP modification. Specifically, FSPed A380 alloy requires 126% higher energy to tear, and it has 49% higher tear strength than the HPDC counterpart. Similarly, the tear energy and tear strength of the Aural-5 alloy witness enhancements of 69% and 21%, respectively. These findings emphasize the capability of FSP to improve the toughness of HPDC aluminum alloys, creating new possibilities for preventing cracks in a variety of engineering applications.

Novel fabrication of hydrophobic poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) paper with superior tear strength and high dielectric breakdown strength

Complicated manufacture of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) paper limits its wider application. In this study, the facile gelation process was proposed to fabricate PPTA paper by injecting spontaneous-gelling low molecular weight PPTA (LMW-PPTA) solution onto the surface of non-woven PPTA fabric composed of chopped PPTA fibers. Subsequently, the PPTA papers and hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) doped PPTA paper were eventually obtained by gelation, washing and pressing. The mechanical properties, electric insulation property and hydrophobicity of PPTA papers were apparently affected by the ratio of chopped PPTA fibers to LMW-PPTA polymers and the content of PVDF in the paper. Significantly, the facile-process and low-cost composite PPTA papers were proved with high tear strength, preeminent dielectric breakdown strength, great thermal stability and superior hydrophobicity, which shed light on a promising direction for developing high-performance insulating materials and honeycomb materials.

Mechanical behaviors of high-strength fabric composite membrane designed for cardiac valve prosthesis replacement

Bovine pericardium has been commonly used as leaflets in cardiac valve prosthesis replacement for decades because of its good short-term hemocompatibility and hemodynamic performance. However, fatigue, abrasion, permanent deformation, calcification, and many other failure modes have been reported as well. The degradation of the performance will have a serious impact on the function of valve prostheses, posing a risk to the patient's health. This study aimed to introduce a flexible fabric composite with better mechanical performance such that it can be employed as a substitute material for bioprosthetic valve leaflets. This composite has a multilayered thin film structure made of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membranes. The mechanical properties of three specifications with different design parameters were tested. The tensile strength, shear behavior, tear resistance, and bending stiffness of the composites were characterized and compared to those of bovine pericardium. A constitutive model was also established to describe the composites' mechanical behaviors and predict their strength. According to the results of the tests, the composite could maintain a flexible bending stiffness with high in-plane tensile strength and tear strength. Therefore, bioprosthetic valve made of this substitute material can withstand harsher loads in the blood flow environment than those made of bovine pericardium. Moreover, all these test results and constitutive models can be used in future research to evaluate hemodynamic performance and clinical applications of fabric composite valve prostheses.

Erucamide/thermoplastic polyurethane blend with low coefficient of friction, high elasticity and good mechanical properties for intelligent wearable devices

AbstractIn this study, erucamide as a non‐toxic and tasteless lubricant was melt blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to reduce the coefficient of friction (COF) of TPU and thus to improve the wearing comfort of intelligent wearable devices. The results show that when the content of erucamide reaches percolation, erucamide can migrate to the TPU surface, forming a layer of lubrication film, and thus significantly reduces the COF of TPU. In addition, erucamide with amide groups can form hydrogen bonds with carbamate groups from TPU chains and thus can disrupt the hydrogen bonds between two amide groups of TPU chains. With the introduction of erucamide, the chain mobility of TPU increases, the partial phase mixing of soft phase and hard phase of TPU occurs, and the interchain interaction between TPU chains decreases. Under the appropriate content of erucamide (0.5 wt%), both the elasticity and processability of TPU are also significantly improved, whereas the high tensile strength, tear strength and elongation at break of the TPU blend is still obtained, facilitating its practical application in intelligent wearable devices. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

Effect of disinfectants on the tear strength of addition silicone impression material - An in vitro study.

Addition silicone is a newer type of silicone impression material which has high dimensional stability, accuracy, and flexibility. They are mostly used for fixed restorations such as crowns and bridges. They have high tear strength; however, this strength may be altered upon disinfection. Disinfection of addition silicone prior use is important to reduce the microbial load. The aim of this study is to check whether there is any change in tear strength of addition silicone on disinfection with two commercially available disinfectants. Zhermack Elite HD + Putty material was tested in this study. Base and catalyst material was mixed and the material was cut into strips of dimension 70 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm. Five strips were immersed in sterillium and five strips were immersed in glutaraldehyde solution. These strips were then tested for their tear strength using Instron E3000 Universal Testing Machine. The values obtained were recorded in SPSS software version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) for analysis and the P was obtained. The mean tear strength of Group 1, addition silicone immersed in sterillium disinfecting solution was found to be 7.148 ± 2.654 kN/m. The mean tear strength of Group 2, addition silicone immersed in glutaraldehyde disinfectant solution was found to be 7.326 ± 4.062 kN/m. An unpaired Student's t-test was done and P was found to be 0.235. The tear strength values between the groups was statistically not significant. Hence the tear strength of addition silicone was found to be greater in the glutaraldehyde disinfectant solution group.

Progress of Polysaccharide-Contained Polyurethanes for Biomedical Applications.

Polyurethane (PU) has been widely examined and used for biomedical applications, such as catheters, blood oxygenators, stents, cardiac valves, drug delivery carriers, dialysis devices, wound dressings, adhesives, pacemaker, tissue engineering, and coatings for breast implants due to its mechanical flexibility, high tear strength, biocompatibility, and tailorable foams although bio-acceptability, biodegradability and controlled drug delivery to achieve the desired properties should be considered. Especially, during the last decade, the development of bio-based PUs has raised public awareness because of the concern with global plastic waste for creating more environmentally friended materials. Therefore, it is desirable to discuss polysaccharide (PS)-contained PU for the wound dressing and bone tissue engineering among bio-based PUs because PS has several advantages, such as biocompatibility, reproducibility from the natural resources, degradability, ease of incorporation of bioactive agents, ease of availability and cost-effectiveness, and structural feature of chemical modification to meet the desired needs to overcome the disadvantages of PU itself by containing the PS into the PU.

Anti-shrinkage, high-elastic, and strong thermoplastic polyester elastomer foams fabricated by microcellular foaming with CO2 & N2 as blowing agents

Thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) is a high-performance polymer with high tear strength and excellent abrasion resistance, and microcellular TPEE foams exhibit low density and special mechanical properties. Nevertheless, shrinkage behavior of the TPEE foam is still a critical challenge which greatly limits its industrial application, and further, the shrinkage mechanism is rarely figured out. Herein, a novel strategy of implementing mixed CO2 & N2 as blowing agents in microcellular foaming was developed to stabilize cell structure. Thanks to the modest permeability of mixed blowing agents, TPEE foams with high stable expansion ratio of higher than 17-fold and recovery ratio of up to 77 % were fabricated, and it found that the ratio of mixed blowing agents could modulate the shrinkage behavior of TPEE foams. Moreover, the correlation between the mechanical properties and TPEE foams with different shrinkage behaviors was investigated. For TPEE foams with similar stable expansion ratios, decreasing the shrinkage helped to increase the maximum compressive stress by 100 % and to reduce the energy loss coefficient by 43 %. Overall, the developed microcellular foaming prepared with the mixed CO2 & N2 as blowing agents shows great promise in fabricating advanced elastomer foams with high expansion ratio, stable cell morphology and outstanding mechanical properties.

Characterization of Silicone Rubber/MgO Nanocomposites for Grippers in Transmission Line Inspection Robots

The effect of addition of nanoparticles to silicone rubber is studied in this paper in the context of soft robotic applications to transmission line maintenance. Silicone rubber and polylactic acid (PLA) are used in the fabrication of these robotic structures. Desirable characteristics for the materials making the structure are (i) Low surface charge and space charge accumulation and (ii) High tensile and tear strength. To meet these requirements, addition of nano MgO to silicone rubber is proposed and studies pertaining to surface potential variation, space charge variation and dielectric parameters are performed. It is observed that 3wt% MgO added silicone rubber shows better performance than pure silicone rubber. Further, silicone rubber/MgO nanocomposite sandwiched PLA shows least space charge at the electrodes and at the interfaces of the sandwich. Moreover, the mechanical properties are also enhanced via the addition of nano MgO. In particular, 3wt% MgO added silicone rubber shows maximum tensile and tear strength. A direct correlation between tear strength and Shore A hardness is also observed. In addition, substantial improvement in viscoelastic properties of silicone rubber is observed with the addition of nano MgO.

Preparation of multiple-reactive-site and flexible crosslinking agent with transaconitic acid and acrylic acid and its application for three-dimensional crosslinking of cellulose

A novel multiple-reactive-site crosslinking agent, P(TAA‒AA), was developed from transaconitic acid and acrylic acid in this study. Cotton fabrics with durable wrinkle-resistant properties were obtained by crosslinking with P(TAA‒AA), which benefited from the multifunctional carboxyl groups of crosslinking agents and the three-dimensional crosslinking inside cotton fibers. The wrinkle-resistant properties of P(TAA‒AA)-modified fabrics were evaluated and compared with those of other polycarboxylic acid-treated fabrics, and the P(TAA‒AA)-modified fabrics showed a wrinkle recovery angle of 262° as high as the 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid-modified fabrics while maintaining nearly two-fold higher tearing strength retention (62.9%), and they showed a much higher value of whiteness index than the citric acid-modified fabrics. This demonstrated that the obtained P(TAA‒AA) is an ideal polycarboxylic acid already known to date simultaneously to realize the high wrinkle recovery angle and high tearing strength retention for treated cotton fabrics. The Raman depth mapping images and the scanning electron microscope images of P(TAA‒AA)-modified samples indicated that P(TAA‒AA) molecules can diffuse into the amorphous regions of the cellulose fibers and form crosslinking bridges between cellulose chains. The multiple reactive carboxyl groups in P(TAA‒AA) may form three or more ester bonds between the P(TAA‒AA) molecule and different cellulose chains, which were regarded as the main contribution to the high crosslinking effectiveness of the P(TAA‒AA)-modified fabrics.

APPROACHES TO CONTROLLING MICRO-ORGANISMS IN COTTON AND COTTON/ELASTANE CLOTHINGS

Antimicrobials are substances or mixtures of substances used to destroy or suppress the growth of harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi on inanimate objects and surfaces. In this study, an alternative method is presented using triclosan agents that can kill bacteria and viruses to help keep patient, operating, and emergency rooms free of germs. Samples were treated with triclosan to achieve antimicrobial/antiviral/antifungal properties for further designs to help comfort and bacteria, virus, fungi (BVF) resistantance during use. The physical, and mechanical properties of triclosan treated cotton and cotton/elastane fabrics in comparison with untreated control samples was investigated. The results showed that a small significant decrease was observed for tensile strength (strip and grab methods), tear strength and seam strength. Besides, statistically a small significant decrease was observed with the increase in triclosan concentration for all samples. The panama weaves showed the lowest tensile strength and the highest tear strength and statistically small significant decrease was observed for all treated samples. The antimicrobial tests showed that all treated samples have a very good antimicrobial activity which can also lead to antivirus protection by providing hygienic environment for the users during future designs.