Higher Survival Research Articles

Establishment and Evaluation of a Mouse Model of Experimental Ulcerative Colitis Induced by the Gavage Administration of Dextran Sulfate Sodium.

Given the critical role of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mouse models in the appraisal of associated therapeutic drugs, the optimization of the administration method and dosages is of paramount importance. Therefore, UC was induced in mice through the gavage administration of a DSS solution instead of free drinking water. The effects of varying daily dosages (2, 4, 6, and 8 g/kg) and frequencies (once or twice) of administration on the body weight and survival rate of the model mice were evaluated. Concurrently, the inflammatory indicators and tissue sections of the model mice were thoroughly evaluated. The results revealed that when the daily dosage reached 8 g/kg, the dosage exhibited a high level of toxicity, resulting in a high mortality rate among the mice. The DSS administration of 6 g/kg*2 not only elicited conspicuous symptoms, significant weight loss, substantial shortening of the colon, and significant changes in various inflammatory indicators, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH), but it also maintained a high survival rate in the UC mice. The findings from this experiment lay a solid experimental foundation for future research on drugs intended for the treatment of UC.

Age Influence on Total Ankle Arthroplasty Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Total ankle arthroplasty has gained popularity as advancing technology has resulted in higher survivorship and lower complication rates. In the past, total ankle replacement candidates have been reserved for patients greater than 50 years old with low physical demands and minimal deformity. However, with newer designs, surgeons have begun to expand their patient inclusion criteria. The purpose of this study was to analyze current literature comparing patient outcomes among total ankle replacement patients over and under age 50. A systematic review of the literature was performed comparing the impact of age to total ankle replacement outcomes. 159 articles were reviewed. Seven studies met our inclusion criteria and therefore were included in the synthesis. No statistically significant difference in outcomes was determined for the younger and older age groups in regard to reoperation, complications, and implant survivorship (p = .412, .955, .155, respectively). However, the statistical model is underpowered given the limited number of studies. While the findings of this study infer that total ankle replacement outcomes are not significantly different among older and younger age groups, further research in this area is needed.

Variation in immune response in the generalist herbivore fall webworm across four common host plants

AbstractDietary generalist herbivorous insects are widespread and often occur in a variety of environments. Across their geographic range, herbivorous insects may encounter variable plant traits as they feed on high‐quality or low‐quality plants. Herbivorous insect larvae experience both bottom‐up (host plant) and top‐down (parasitoid) factors that affect survival. Host plant quality may affect larval growth and survival in that larvae feeding on low‐quality plants often suffer reduced fitness. However, herbivores on different host plants are also subject to different levels of parasitism. High‐quality plants confer stronger larval performance (higher survival, more offspring), but larvae may also face higher parasitism. In some herbivore species, diet mediates larval immune response. The generalist insect herbivore fall webworm (FW), Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a moth native to North America, and its larvae have considerable variance in their performance when reared on different host plants. We investigated whether diet affects the immune response in FW larvae when they are reared on different host plant species known to vary in food quality. We measured immune response by melanization of a nylon filament. We found significant differences in immune response across host plants, indicating that diet mediates immune response in FW larvae. Our study helps elucidate the factors that cause variation in immune response in a generalist herbivore.

Dupilumab treatment in paediatric atopic dermatitis (2 to 18 years): Spanish multicentre retrospective real-life study.

Moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) can be difficult to manage in paediatric patients, with few licensed treatments in this age group. Dupilumab is approved for AD in children older than 6 months. To assess the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in a real-life cohort of paediatric AD patients in Spain. A multicentre, retrospective real-life study on the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in patients aged 2 to 18 years old with moderate-to-severe AD was conducted. Demographic and clinical characteristics were analysed, and effectiveness (EASI, IGA, DLQI, NRS itch), safety, and drug survival measures were assessed. A comparison of our results with other real-world outcomes and with clinical trials was made. Data from 243 patients from 19 centres was collected, with a mean follow-up of 85 weeks. Dupilumab exhibited significant effectiveness, with marked reductions in severity scores from week 4. By week 16, 79.4% of patients reached EASI75 and 40.5% reached EASI90. Mean percentage reduction in EASI was 79.7%. Increasing improvements were observed until week 52, with 85.8% and 49.6% achieving EASI75 and EASI90, respectively. Forty-three patients developed adverse events (AE) (43/243, 17.7%), being the most frequent ocular surface diseases (20/243, 8.2%), injection site reactions (8/243, 3.3%) and facial redness (7/243, 2.9%). Drug survival was high (96.9% and 93.1% after 1 and 2 years of follow-up, respectively), with only 19 (19/243, 7.8%) patients interrupting treatment: 7 (7/243, 2.9%) due to AE, 2 (2/243, 0.82%) due to secondary failure, 5 (5/243, 2.1%) were lost to follow-up and 5 (5/243, 2.1%) entered remission and stopped treatment. Real-life use of dupilumab in paediatric AD showcased sustained effectiveness, high drug survival, and acceptable safety profiles. Longer-term studies are crucial for AE surveillance and how to manage disease remission.

Effect of stocking density on gonadal development, pigmentation and survival of Carassius carassius (Crucian carp) in a biofloc system

The present study was carried out to investigate the optimum stocking density for gonadal development, pigmentation, and survival of Carassius carassius stocked at varying stocking densities under a biofloc-based system. C. carassius (25 ± 0.15 g) were randomly distributed in sixteen tanks, each with 250 L water at the stocking densities viz. 1 kg/m3, 2 kg/m3, 3 kg/m3, 4 kg/m3 (10, 20, 30 and 40 fish/250 L). The carbon‑nitrogen ratio of 15:1 was maintained using wheat flour as a carbon source. The best gonad performance in terms of absolute fecundity (4449.98 ± 115.636), relative fecundity (114.67 ± 2.770), GSI (5.62 ± 0.018 and 2.93 ± 0.014 for females & males respectively), and advanced maturation stages (vitellogenic oocytes and seminiferous tubules with spermatozoa) was observed in the density treatment having 20 fish/250 L. The skin carotenoid content showed an increasing trend with maximum content (8.11 ± 0.018 μg/g)) recorded for the fish stocked at 20/250 L. The scales of the fish from the same treatment presented a higher concentration of yellow orange pigments giving an overall golden hue to the scales while as the density and dispersion of melanophores increased with an increase in stocking density giving an overall darker coloration to the fish, indicating a stressful condition at higher stocking density. The survival rate of fish showed no significant difference (p≥0.05) between the various density groups. The results of this experiment elucidate that Carassius carassius could be cultured with better gonad performance, increased carotenoid content, and high survival at a stocking density of 2 kg/m3 in a biofloc system.

Outcomes in Children Who Undergo Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Report From the STS-CHSD

BackgroundChildren who undergo cardiac surgery may require postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Although morbidities are considerable, our understanding of outcome determinants is limited. We evaluated associations between patient and perioperative factors with outcomes. MethodsThe Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database was queried for patients aged <18 years old who underwent postcardiotomy ECMO from January 2016 through June 2021. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. The secondary outcome was survival without neurologic injury. Logistic regression for binary outcomes and competing risk analysis for survival were used to identify the most important predictors. Variables were selected by stepwise procedure using entry level P = .35. Those with P ≤ .1 were kept in the final model. ResultsPostcardiotomy ECMO was used to support 3181 patients during the same hospitalization as cardiac surgery: (A) intraoperative initiation of ECMO, n = 1206; (B) early postoperative (≤48 hours), n = 936; and (C) late postoperative (>48 hours), n = 1039. The most common primary procedure of the index operation was the Norwood procedure. Of those with intraoperative ECMO, 57% survived to discharge vs 59% with early postoperative ECMO and 42% late postoperative ECMO (χ2(2) = 64, P < .0001, V = 0.14). In all groups, postoperative septicemia, cardiac arrest, and new neurologic injury had the strongest association with mortality, whereas postoperative reintubation and unplanned noncardiac reoperation were associated with higher survival. ConclusionsMultiple risk factors impact survival in children who undergo cardiac surgery and postcardiotomy ECMO. ECMO initiated >48 hours after surgery is associated with the poorest outcomes. This is the first step in creating a predictive tool to educate clinicians and families regarding expectations in this high-risk population.

Overall survival with non-proportional hazards in first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: Systematic review and network meta-analysis

This study aimed to identify the most effective first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer based on overall survival, identify the most commonly used treatment, and generate a meaningful ranking among all available treatments based on their relative effectiveness. Researchers used the ANOVA parametrization method to fit the second-order fractional polynomial network meta-analysis with a random-effect model. Using a non-proportional hazards network meta-analysis, 46 treatments were compared by considering a combination of direct and indirect evidence extracted from clinical trial studies. Included in the review were 46 trials involving 21350 patients. Between January 2000 and January 2023, researchers conducted a thorough search through Embase, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus. To undertake a secondary analysis of this data, we recreate individual patient data from published Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves and assess the accuracy of that reconstruction. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the pooled overall survival and hazard ratio with a 95 percent confidence interval. The predicted survival curves for the network meta-analysis showed that GOLFIG and FOLFOX + Cetuximab treatments have higher survival, respectively. Our results provide moderate quality evidence and comparative effective estimates for various available first-line treatments for metastasis colorectal cancer based on network meta-analysis.

B2 and B3 glenoid osteoarthirtis: outcomes of corrective and concentric (C2) reaming of the glenoid combined with pyrocarbon hemiarthroplasty

Posterior humeral subluxation (PHS) in B2/B3 glenoid is a cause of asymmetric long-term stress on the glenoid and the potential reason for glenoid loosening in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) and painful glenoid erosion in hemiarthroplasty with metallic heads (HA-Metal). We hypothesized that corrective and concentric reaming (CCR) of the glenoid associated with pyrocarbon hemiarthroplasty (HA-PYC) could improve the centering of the humeral head and decrease the risk of persistent painful glenoid erosion in young/active patients with B2/B3 glenoid. Between 2014 and 2020, 41shoulders (in 35 patients, mean age of 57.9 years) underwent HA-PYC combined with CCR reaming for B2 (n=30) or B3 (n=11) osteoarthritis. Patients were prospectively followed with computed tomography (CT) scans performed preoperatively, immediate postoperatively and at last follow-up (> 2 years). The primary outcomes were 3D-corrected CT-scan measurements of glenoid version, PHS, progression of glenoid erosion. Secondary outcomes included functional outcome scores, return to activities, and revision rate and complications. At a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (2 to 9.5 years), the prosthesis survival was 95% (39/41). No patient has been reoperated for painful glenoid erosion. The mean glenoid retroversion decreased from 17.1° ± 7.5 preoperatively to 8.3° ± 8.2 at last follow-up (p=0.001), and the mean PHS from 74% to 56.5% (p=0.001) based on the scapular plane and from 59.9% to 50.3% based on the glenoid plane. The humeral head was recentered in 97% according to the glenoid surface and 71% according to the scapular plane. Correction of PHS in the scapular plane was highly correlated to correction of glenoid retroversion (p<0.001). CT-scan measurements showed that the average total medialization was 3.7 ± 3.2 mm (2.0 ± 1.8 mm due to reaming and only 1.7 ± 2.4 mm due to erosion). The Adjusted Constant score increased from 43% ± 13 to 97% ± 16 and the Subjective Shoulder Value from 38% ± 14 to 84 % ± 12 (p<0.001). Overall, 84% of active patients returned to work and all patients returned to sports. In B2/B3 glenoid arthritis, corrective, concentric glenoid reaming combined with HA-PYC improves centering of the humeral head and shows a low risk of painful glenoid erosion at mid-term follow-up. The combined procedure results in excellent functional outcomes and high prosthesis survivorship at mid-term follow-up. HA-PYC and CCR is offering an alternative shoulder arthroplasty for young/active patients with B2/B3 glenoid osteoarthritis who want to return to work or sports practice.

Clinic Analysis and Effective Improvement Tips for Poor Eyebrow Transplantation.

Follicular unit hair transplantation has greatly elevated the results of eyebrow restoration. However, unnatural and unbeautiful-looking results are still often seen after the surgery. This study focused on poor eyebrow transplantation, discussed its possible reasons, and offered refined proposals. A retrospective analysis was performed on 100 patients who were dissatisfied with the results of eyebrow grafting and came to our department from 2011 to 2021. Demographic characteristics, primary disease, and clinical data were objectively summarized and analyzed for these patients. The patients' medical charts and photographs were analyzed and summarized into the following outcomes: Thirty-six patients (36%) had sparse eyebrows. Forty-one patients (41%) had eyebrows with inhomogeneous density and disordered growth direction. Eleven patients (11%) did not have single-hair grafting. Seven reconstructed eyebrows (7%) had a poor connection with the remaining eyebrows. Five new eyebrows (5%) had inconsistent hair characteristics with the original eyebrows. Lower hair survival rates, insufficient understanding of naturally beautiful eyebrows, and inadequate communication with patients were the main reasons for poor outcomes. Good reconstructed eyebrows should have a high hair survival rate, and hair growth direction and characteristics should also be consistent with the natural eyebrow to achieve ideal surgical effects. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Patients With Dysplasia Achieve Similar Outcomes and Survivorship to Nondysplastic Patients 10 Years After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement

To determine the long-term outcomes of hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in the presence of concomitant lateral rim dysplasia compared with a matched control group. Patients undergoing HA between January 2009 and October 2013 with minimum 10-year follow-up were reviewed. The inclusion criteria consisted of patients undergoing HA for FAI with evidence of lateral rim dysplasia (lateral-center edge angle [LCEA] < 25°). Patients with lateral rim dysplasia were matched to patients with an LCEA greater than 30° based on sex, Tönnis grade, and age. Outcomes included survival (avoidance of total hip replacement [THR]), repeated HA, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Survivorship was assessed using a Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank test, whereas revision rates between groups were assessed using χ2 analysis. Between- and within-group analyses of PROs were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test, respectively. The proportion of cases achieving the patient acceptable symptom state was compared between groups using χ2 analysis. This study comprised 46 dysplasia cases and 90 control cases. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in baseline metrics apart from the LCEA (P < .001), Sharp angle (P < .001), and Tönnis angle (P < .001). By 10 years postoperatively, 9% of dysplasia cases and 4% of control cases underwent conversion to THR. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in survival or revision rates. Both groups reported improvements in PROs, and there was no difference between PRO scores at either time point. Excluding cases that underwent THR, 84% and 83% of dysplasia and control cases, respectively, achieved the patient acceptable symptom state. HA for symptomatic FAI is a successful treatment in cases in which dysplasia is present. Low complication rates, comparable outcomes to cases without lateral rim dysplasia, and a high survivorship rate of 91% at minimum 10-year follow-up are observed. Increasing Tönnis angle preoperatively may increase the risk of THR conversion. Level IV, retrospective cohort study.

High Survival Rate and Satisfaction at More Than 11-Year Follow-Up After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: Impact of Preoperative Functional Scores, Osteoarthritis, and Chondrolabral Junction Damage on Failure

The purpose of the study was to investigate the survival and durability of clinical improvements following hip arthoscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) at a minimum of 10-year follow-up. The primary objective was to determine the long-term survival, defined as: lack of conversion to total hip replacement (THR) or subsequent hip joint preservation surgery (HJPS). The secondary objective was to determine which preoperative factors were predictive of failure. Data from patients who underwent HA for FAIS between March 2003 and May 2012 were collected and retrospectively reviewed. Patients who underwent evaluation at a minimum 10-year follow-up, assessed according to hip outcome score - activities of daily living (HOS-ADL) and sport-specific subscale (HOS-SSS), and non-arthritic hip score (NAHS) were included. Satisfaction ratings were collected. Statistical analysis assessed within-group differences and survival. 95 patients with an average follow-up of 11.8 years were included. Mean age was 39.5 ± 11.0 years. Overall THR conversion rate was 24.2%, with a mean time of 3.4 ± 3.2 years. 3.2% required HJPS revision at a mean 3.2 ± 3 years. Survivorship was 72.6% at ten years. 28 patients (73.6% and 75.6%) achieved the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for HOS-ADL and HOS-SSS, while 33 (84.6%) for NAHS. Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) was achieved by 42 (61.7%), 43 (65.1%) and 44 (64.7%) patients respectively. Comparative analysis between patients who preserved their hip and those who underwent HJPS revision or THR highlighted that Tönnis ≥ 2, chondrolabral junction damage, and lower preoperative scores are associated with failure. HA for FAIS demonstrated durable results, with an accepatable THR conversion rate and sustained clinical benefits. 91.3% of the patients who preserved their hip were satisfied. Tönnis 2, MRA signs of chondrolabral junction damage and lower preoperative functional status are strongly associated with failure.

Phenotypic variation in hypocotyl elongation among elite sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) lines.

Sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum), widely distributed in Central Arid Asia and prevalent in the sand dunes of northern China, presents a promising potential as a climate-resilient crop. The plasticity of hypocotyl growth is the key trait for sand rice to cope with wind erosion and sand burial, ensure seedling emergence, and determine plant architecture. In this study, we assessed the overall hypocotyl phenotype of six sand rice elite lines, which were collected from different regions of northern China, and selected by our group over past decade through common garden trials. Significant phenotypic variations were observed in thousand-seed weight (TSW), seedling emergence percentage, hypocotyl length and diameter, and seedling fresh weight among the lines. The elite line Aerxiang (AEX) exhibited excellent agronomic performance with superior and synchronous emergence, and high survival percentage, distinguishing itself as a prime candidate for further large-scale cultivation. Contrastingly, the lines from the arid regions showed markedly lower performance. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLSPM) was used to assess the impact of seed provenance climate factors, including annual mean temperature (AMT) and annual mean precipitation (AMP), on trait variability among lines. The findings indicate a significant correlation between climate factors and hypocotyl length, highlighting the intricate adaptation of sand rice to local climate. The comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind phenotypic variations offers valuable insights for sand rice de novo domestication and innovative germplasm resources, and lays the foundation for ecological restoration in sandy areas.

Does duckweed (Lemna minor) feed inclusion play a role on growth, feed conversion ratio and reproductive performance (fertilization, hatchability and survivability rates) in omnivorous fish? Evidence in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus‐Linnaeus, 1758)

AbstractFish feed production is fraught with high costs due to the inclusion of expensive fishmeal and animal proteins that can be sourced from aquatic macrophytes. Limited attempts have been made on use of the latter for fish feed production. Further, the quality of feed given to fish is known to affect its growth and reproductive performance. Role of feeds containing duckweed (Lemna minor) at 0%‐control feed, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% inclusion levels on growth and reproductive performance of Oreochromis niloticus of size 18 ± 1 g were evaluated for 12 weeks. The fish were fed twice daily at 10% body weight at 9.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. Length–weight measurements were done fortnightly using a measuring board and a weighing balance, respectively. Female mouth‐brooding fish were used to evaluate reproductive performance indicators, namely %: fertilization, hatchability and survivability. Data were subjected to one‐way analysis of variance followed by post hoc and polynomial orthogonal analysis to identify L. minor diets with significant differences (p &lt; 0.05). Fish fed on a diet containing 10% L. minor inclusion showed significantly better growth performance and feed conversion ratio than those fed on the control diet. All L. minor diets gave good fish condition factors above 1.0. Fish fed on a diet containing 10% L. minor and those fed on the control gave reasonably high survival rates of 85.55% and 83.33%, respectively, whereas those fed on 20% L. minor produced the same growth performance as control. Orthogonal polynomial analysis for the final weights across the L. minor diets – 0%–25% – showed a cubic polynomial model (p = 0.000), whereas final lengths portrayed a linear inverse significant relationship (p &lt; 0.05). Inclusion of L. minor in the diets resulted to slightly better fertilization, hatchability and survivability rates at 10%, 20% and 15%, respectively. In conclusion, inclusion of L. minor from 10% to 20% in fish feeds is recommended for enhancing growth and reproductive performance of O. niloticus.

Characterization of a ST137 multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni strain with a tet(O)-positive genomic island from a bloodstream infection patient

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a major cause of gastroenteritis and rarely cause bloodstream infection. Herein, we characterized a multidrug-resistant C. jejuni strain LZCJ isolated from a tumor patient with bloodstream infection. LZCJ was resistant to norfloxacin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. It showed high survival rate in serum and acidic environment. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed that strain LZCJ had a single chromosome of 1,629,078 bp (30.6 % G + C content) and belonged to the ST137 lineage. LZCJ shared the highest identity of 99.66 % with the chicken-derived C. jejuni MTVDSCj20. Four antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were detected, blaOXA-61, tet(O), gyrA (T86I), and cmeR (G144D and S207G). In addition, a 12,746 bp genomic island GI_LZCJ carrying 15 open reading frames (ORFs) including the resistance gene tet(O) was identified. Sequence analysis found that the GI_LZCJ was highly similar to the duck-derived C. jejuni ZS004, but with an additional ISChh1-like sequence. 137 non-synonymous mutations in motility related genes (flgF, fapR, flgS), capsular polysaccharide (CPS) coding genes (kpsE, kpsF, kpsM, kpsT), metabolism associated genes (nuoF, nuoG, epsJ, holB), and transporter related genes (comEA, gene0911) were confirmed in LZCJ compared with the best closed chicken-derived strain MTVDSCj20. Our study showed that C. jejuni strain LZCJ was highly similar to the chicken-derived strain MTVDSCj20 but with a lot of SNPs involved in motility, CPS and metabolism coding genes. This strain possessed a tet(O)-positive genomic island GI_LZCJ, which was closed to duck-derived C. jejuni ZS004, but with an additional ISChh1-like sequence. The above data indicated that the LZCJ strain may originate from foodborne bacteria on animals and the importance of continuous surveillance for the spread of foodborne bacteria.

The role of intraspecific trait variation in driving post-metamorphic survival: Implications for recruitment in open populations.

Most ecological studies attempting to understand causes of population dynamics and community structure disregard intraspecific trait variation. We quantified the importance of natural intra-cohort variation in body size and density of juveniles for recruitment of a sessile marine organism, the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides. Barnacles are representative of species organised in metapopulations, that is, as open local populations connected by larval dispersal. We tracked the individual growth and survival of a cohort of juvenile barnacles from two shores of North Wales. Barnacles settled as larvae in spring of 2002 on previously cleared rock. The density of these new recruits was experimentally manipulated in June and randomly selected individuals were monitored from June to October to evaluate the role of barnacle size and density in predicting survival. In doing so we characterised density at three spatial scales (quadrat: 25 cm2, cells within quadrats: 25 mm2 and neighbourhood: number of neighbours in physical contact with the target barnacle). At all scales, variations in juvenile body size exacerbated the effect of density-dependent mortality on population size. While density-dependent mortality was very intense in the small-sized individuals, large-sized individuals experienced very weak density-dependent mortality and showed high survival rates. Using the concept of 'Jensen inequality', we show that important biases in estimations of survival, based on population size only, occur at high barnacle densities, where survival is low. Our study highlights the role of body size variation in understanding dynamics of open populations.

Deep learning-based diagnosis and survival prediction of patients with renal cell carcinoma from primary whole slide images

There is an urgent clinical demand to explore novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We proposed deep learning-based artificial intelligence strategies. The study included 1752 whole slide images from multiple centres. Based on the pixel-level of RCC segmentation, the diagnosis diagnostic model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.977 (95% CI 0.969-0.984) in the external validation cohort. In addition, our diagnostic model exhibited excellent performance in the differential diagnosis of RCC from renal oncocytoma, which achieved an AUC of 0.951 (0.922-0.972). The graderisk for the recognition of high-grade tumour achieved AUCs of 0.840 (0.805-0.871) in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, 0.857 (0.813-0.894) in the Shanghai General Hospital (General) cohort, and 0.894 (0.842-0.933) in the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) cohort, for the recognition of high-grade tumour. The OSrisk for predicting 5-year survival status achieved an AUC of 0.784 (0.746-0.819) in the TCGA cohort, which was further verified in the independent general cohort and the CPTAC cohort, with AUCs of 0.774 (0.723-0.820) and 0.702 (0.632-0.765), respectively. Moreover, the competing-risk nomogram (CRN) showed its potential to be a prognostic indicator, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 5.664 (3.893-8.239, p<0.0001), outperforming other traditional clinical prognostic indicators. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis further illustrated that our CRN could significantly distinguish patients with high survival risk. Deep learning-based artificial intelligence could be a useful tool for clinicians to diagnose and predict the prognosis of RCC patients, thus improving the process of individualised treatment.

Optimizing avian translocation success: A systematic review of the effect of release age on survival, dispersal, and productivity

AbstractThe success of avian translocations depends on many factors. Release age is often cited as an influential factor that warrants further study, yet no general guidelines exist to improve the outcome of translocations. We conducted a systematic review of literature on captive‐reared or wild‐caught birds that incorporated &gt;1 age class in their analyses of post‐release survival, dispersal, or reproduction. Fifty‐two studies met our search criteria, and 39 were retained for an evaluation of post‐release survival. For studies reporting at least one trend, more reported higher post‐release survival when birds were translocated at younger ages (68%) than at older ages (32%). This pattern was most pronounced for wild‐caught birds and for captive‐reared birds released within their first year of life. Captive‐reared birds of prey were an exception, with birds released at older ages often having higher survival than birds released at younger ages. We review the authors' hypotheses for why birds released at younger ages are more likely to settle, survive, and breed. More research is needed on the potential effects of release age on dispersal and reproduction. We recommend that future studies incorporate age of release as a covariate and control for the effect of season of release in experiments.

Ecotoxicological Assessment of Ibayo River in Balanga City, Bataan using Water Fleas (Daphnia Magna): A Basis for Intervention

The water quality of surface waters is degrading tremendously due to human interventions and development. Especially in the Philippines, water pollution has become a prominent problem in urbanized areas. Thus, this study aims to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of the Ibayo River in Balanga City, Bataan using water fleas (daphnia magna), a type of zooplankton living in freshwater areas. Daphnids are used as indicators in toxicity testing, and in assessing water quality. The survival rate of water fleas is utilized to examine the properties of the examined. As the water fleas were subjected to the river water samples and their dilutions for a week, results showed a high survival rate in all samples. It also exhibited no significant difference in the sample places Meanwhile, laboratory analysis revealed that there is an organic pollution as an excessive amount of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and lesser dissolved oxygen from the sample places were found. Analysis for chlorine and pH level indicates a n ormal quantity. Overall, there are chemicals in the Ibayo river that may kill aquatic organisms residing in it, but the long-term survival of these species is still questionable.

Nanocomposite Hydrogel Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting of Tumor Models.

In vitro tumor models were successfully constructed by 3D bioprinting; however, bioinks with proper viscosity, good biocompatibility, and tunable biophysical and biochemical properties are highly desirable for tumor models that closely recapitulated the main features of native tumors. Here, we developed a nanocomposite hydrogel bioink that was used to construct ovarian and colon cancer models by 3D bioprinting. The nanocomposite bioink was composed of aldehyde-modified cellulose nanocrystals (aCNCs), aldehyde-modified hyaluronic acid (aHA), and gelatin. The hydrogels possessed tunable gelation time, mechanical properties, and printability by controlling the ratio between aCNCs and gelatin. In addition, ovarian and colorectal cancer cells embedded in hydrogels showed high survival rates and rapid growth. By the combination of 3D bioprinting, ovarian and colorectal tumor models were constructed in vitro and used for drug screening. The results showed that gemcitabine had therapeutic effects on ovarian tumor cells. However, the ovarian tumor model showed drug resistance for oxaliplatin treatment.

Динамика биологических показателей возвратных гибридов на основе кастера (калуга Huso dauricus × стерлядь Acipenser ruthenus) (Acipenseridae)

Due to the lack of conditions for industrial sturgeon fishing in the near future, the current artificial reproduction programs play a leading role in replenishing sturgeon populations and commercial sturgeon breeding. It may take a long time to bring the number of individuals and the total biomass of sturgeon fish species in different water basins into proper condition. It is important, along with the implementation of programs for the stocking of young sturgeons of various types of natural habitats, to develop commercial cultivation. Modern aquaculture is the use of environmental control systems, timely feed supply, rapid growth of juveniles with a minimum feed ratio, high survival rate at all stages of growth, greater yield of edible body parts during processing. The dynamics of size and mass indices and the Fulton fatness coefficient in recurrent hybrids of different ages (K × St) are considered × K, (K × St) × St, (St × K) × K and (St × K) × St. It is noted that the fastest growing hybrids turned out to be returnable hybrids based on K × St, and the hybrid (St × K) × St has the highest fatness coefficient with a slight growth rate of weight and length.