High Sugar Levels Research Articles

Dynamic changes in physicochemical and transcriptional expression profiles of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit during ripening

Mulberry fruit is in increasingly demand as a healthy natural product. Research into the compositional characteristics of mulberries at different stages of ripening could help maximise their use and minimise wastage, but knowledge in this area is limited. This study investigated the physicochemical and transcriptional expression profiles of mulberries at different maturity stages. The results showed that the nutrients of mulberries generally accumulate during ripening. Ripe mulberries contained high levels of total sugars (129.88 ± 1.09 mg/g), total phenolics (3.08 ± 0.16 mg/g), and anthocyanin compounds, making them a good source of dietary supplements and medicines for the population. Interestingly, unripe mulberries had a high content of minerals and organic acids, showing their potential value as a derivative product. Especially, the highest content of potassium (2237.00 ± 86.56 μg/g), magnesium (707.04 ± 24.29 μg/g), calcium (2371.20 ± 364.09 μg/g), phosphorus (545.90 ± 3.13 μg/g), citric acid (45.96 ± 0.65 mg/g) were detected in the unripe mulberry. Transcriptome sequencing revealed high transcript levels of UDP-glucosyltransferase 29 and bHLH 151 in ripe mulberries. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is a key pathway throughout the ripening process, and the high expression levels of CHS, CHI, F3H, F3′H, DFR, and ANS may contribute to flavonoid accumulation. By understanding and exploiting the characteristics of mulberries at different stages of ripening, it will help to efficiently develop nutrient-enriched mulberry derived products.

Phenotypic and metabolomic characteristics of mouse models of metabolic associated steatohepatitis

BackgroundMetabolic associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is metabolic disease that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mouse models of diet-induced MASH, which is characterized by the high levels of fats, sugars, and cholesterol in diets, are commonly used in research. However, mouse models accurately reflecting the progression of MASH in humans remain to be established. Studies have explored the potential use of serological metabolites as biomarkers of MASH severity in relation to human MASH.MethodsWe performed a comparative analysis of three mouse models of diet-induced MASH in terms of phenotypic and metabolomic characteristics; MASH was induced using different diets: a high-fat diet; a Western diet; and a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Liver cirrhosis was diagnosed using standard clinical approaches (e.g., METAVIR score, hyaluronan level, and collagen deposition level). Mouse serum samples were subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy–based metabolomic profiling followed by bioinformatic analyses. Metabolomic analysis of a retrospective cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was performed; the corresponding cirrhosis scores were also evaluated.ResultsUsing clinically relevant quantitative diagnostic methods, the severity of MASH was evaluated. Regarding metabolomics, the number of lipoprotein metabolites increased with both diet and MASH progression. Notably, the levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly increased with fibrosis progression. During the development of diet-induced MASH in mice, the strongest upregulation of expression was noted for VLDL receptor. Metabolomic analysis of a retrospective cohort of patients with cirrhosis indicated lipoproteins (e.g., VLDL and LDL) as predominant biomarkers of cirrhosis.ConclusionsOur findings provide insight into the pathophysiology and metabolomics of experimental MASH and its relevance to human MASH. The observed upregulation of lipoprotein expression reveals a feedforward mechanism for MASH development that may be targeted for the development of noninvasive diagnosis.

Metabolomics Reveals Rubiadin Accumulation and the Effects of Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation in Damnacanthus major Calli.

Callus suspension techniques have been considered attractive for improving bioactive metabolite productivity; methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a widely used elicitor for stimulating synthetic pathways. In this study, a multivariate analysis-based metabolomics approach was employed to investigate the primary and specialized metabolites in the leaves, unelicited calli, and 100 or 200 μM MeJA elicited calli of Damnacanthus major. Rubiadin, a powerful anthraquinone with various therapeutic properties, was only identified in D. major calli, accumulating in a MeJA elicitation concentration-dependent manner. Callus cultures also contained high levels of amino acids, sugars, and phenolic compounds, indicating energy metabolism and metabolic adaptation responses for proliferation and stabilization. Regarding MeJA application, elicited calli contained higher amounts of quinic acid, kaempferol, and glucose with lower amounts of sucrose and raffinose than those in the unelicited control, which were closely related to protective mechanisms against MeJA. Moreover, excessive elicitation increased the asparagine, fructose, and raffinose levels and decreased the glucose and sucrose levels, which was ascribed to increased activation of the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway and wider utilization of glucose than of fructose after sucrose degradation. These results will be useful for optimizing plant cell culture techniques to achieve high production rates for valuable specialized metabolites.

Impact of Maturity Stage on Postharvest Quality of Strawberries Cold Stored for Fresh Consumption

Strawberries, being a non-climacteric fruit is usually harvested near maturity for optimal flavour and quality. However, this could also lead to a limited shelf life being highly perishable. However, the ripening stages could be a possible solution to minimizing the losses of post-harvest. Therefore, a current study was performed to evaluate the influences of ripening stages affecting the quality of strawberry fruit. Strawberry fruit was picked at four ripening stages unripe, semi-ripe, fully ripe and over-ripe maturity stages and stored at 5°C and were evaluated every alternate day for changes in fruit quality. The results concluded that red ripe fruits retained maximum fresh fruit weight and only 10%of fruit was un-marketable after 10 days of storage period. On the contrary, the highest decay rate was observed in over-ripe fruits and 50% of the fruit was unmarketable after 10 days of storage. Moreover, red ripe fruits were organoleptically more acceptable and retained higher total soluble solids whereas unripe and semi-ripe achieved low organoleptic scores due to higher total titratable acids. High levels of sugar in over-ripe fruits favoured a high incidence of pathogen attack. From this experiment, we can suggest that if fruits are picked at the red ripe stage will have optimal quality, moisture level, TSS, pH, TSS/acid ratio, TA, and good organoleptic score. Therefore, strawberry fruits for fresh eating should be picked at the red ripe maturity stage.

The effect of active range of motion exercise on foot sensitivity in type II diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that can be characterized by the presence of high sugar levels in the blood, resulting in an imbalance between insulin demand and production in the human body. One of the complications is peripheral neuropathy nerve damage, which causes diabetic ulcers, so there is a risk of decreased sensitivity to diabetics. Active Range of Motion (ROM) exercises are one effort to overcome this. The objective is to determine whether the active ROM of the lower extremities affects foot sensitivity in type II DM patients.
 Methods: The research used a pre-experimental quantitative research design with the one-group pre-test and post-test method. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with 22 respondents.
 Results: The analysis using the Wilcoxon test obtained a p-value <0.005. This indicates an increase in foot sensitivity in type II DM patients.
 Conclusion: There is an effect of active foot ROM on foot sensitivity in type II DM patients.

Exogenous methylglyoxal alleviates drought-induced 'plant diabetes' and leaf senescence in maize.

Drought-induced leaf senescence is associated with high sugar levels, which bears some resemblance to the syndrome of diabetes in humans; however, the underlying mechanisms of such 'plant diabetes' on carbon imbalance and the corresponding detoxification strategy are not well understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of exogenous methylglyoxal (MG) on 'plant diabetes' in maize plants under drought stress applied via foliar spraying during the grain-filling stage. Exogenous MG delayed leaf senescence and promoted photoassimilation, thereby reducing the yield loss induced by drought by 14%. Transcriptome and metabolite analyses revealed that drought increased sugar accumulation in leaves through inhibition of sugar transporters that facilitate phloem loading. This led to disequilibrium of glycolysis and overaccumulation of endogenous MG. Application of exogenous MG up-regulated glycolytic flux and the glyoxalase system that catabolyses endogenous MG and glycation end-products, ultimately alleviating 'plant diabetes'. In addition, the expression of genes facilitating anabolism and catabolism of trehalose-6-phosphate was promoted and suppressed by drought, respectively, and exogenous MG reversed this effect, implying that trehalose-6-phosphate signaling in the mediation of 'plant diabetes'. Furthermore, exogenous MG activated the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, promoting the production of lignin and phenolic compounds, which are associated with drought tolerance. Overall, our findings indicate that exogenous MG activates defense-related pathways to alleviate the toxicity derived from 'plant diabetes', thereby helping to maintain leaf function and yield production under drought.

FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KONSUMSI FAST FOOD PADA MURID SMA BUDHI WARMAN 1 JAKARTA TIMUR

Fast Food is a type of practical food that contains high levels of fat, sodium, sugar, and energy. However, it’s low in vitamins and fiber. The aim of research is to determine the factors associated with fast food consumption among students at SMA Budhi Warman 1 East Jakarta in 2023. The research location at Budhi Warman 1 High School, East Jakarta. The research time in August 2023. This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional research design. The research population is 180 students with a total sample of 137 samples. The sampling technique uses stratified random sampling. Sources and types of primary and secondary data. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with the chi square test. Univariate results: frequent fast food frequency 65%, lack of nutritional knowledge 62,8%, peer influence 62,8%, negative attitude 70,1%. Meanwhile, the bivariate results showed that there was a relationship between nutritional knowledge, peer influence, and attitudes towards fast food consumption (p value <0,001). This research recommends that can better understand about snacks and healthy foods that are good for consumption.

Early detection of diabetes potential using cataract image processing approach

Diabetes is a disease characterized by a high level of sugar in the blood. The disease occurs because of a disruption in the metabolic system when insulin is not produced effectively and functions properly. High blood sugar levels, for an extended period of time, can harm a few organ systems, including the heart and kidneys. Moreover, it may cause blindness or death if it is not carefully monitored. Because diabetes symptoms are rarely seen, one of the factors that may cause diabetes is self-awareness. Thus, with Artificial Intelligence, this problem can be solved. Artificial intelligence studies how machines can function like humans. This study implemented a Convolutional Neural Network algorithm with (1) input layer, (2) feature learning layer, (3) classification layer, and (4) output layer as the architecture for AI. The accuracy of the developed AI model was measured from its precision, recall, and f1-score. The results show that the model obtained 90% precision, recall, and f1-score for real-world cases found in two hospitals located in Solo and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. According to the results of the tests, 9 out of 10 patients were correctly predicted as having a high risk of diabetes based on their eye images.

Identification of Some Specific Hematological Indicators as Bladder Cancer Risk Factors

Background: Our study’s objectives were measuring the levels of blood glucose BG, blood pressure BP, glomerular filtration rate GFR, body mass index BMI and creatinine in the blood of patients with bladder cancer in order to control the development of a relationship between those hematological parameters in the case of bladder cancer BC.
 Methods and Results: Blood samples were collected during the application of this work on 155 participants diagnosed with BC were admitted to medical –Baghdad city and Al-Kindey teaching hospital. All the participants were with the age ranged (25-70 years).There are many people who have been excluded because of their young age under 20 years old and those who have any type of common cancer, which was outlined as any malignant neoplasm, including those with hematological or lymphoid origin and other tissues associated with them. All the participants wearing light clothing and no shoes in order to measure their height and weight. BP was recorded using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer after an average of 2 readings taken with a 10 min interval. Creatinine and GFR and DM also were measured meanwhile.
 It was noticed through the results that there is a high percentage of patients who are of advanced ages about 67(43.2%) with age ≥65 years, and those with high weights BMI ≥ 30 were 64(41.3%). After conducting pathological analyzes of blood samples, it was found that patients were having high levels of sugar, especially those with long duration of diabetics type 2, as well as high blood pressure, creatinine levels, and low GFR levels, and it was clear that males outperformed females in the height of all measurements, which is the dominant characteristic in this research.

MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE SEVERITY: INSIGHTS FROM A CASE-CONTROL ANALYSIS

Atherosclerotic coronary disease stands as a leading cause of both mortality and morbidity globally. The well-documented risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) include abnormal lipid levels, obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes. The established association between these cardiovascular risk factors and ischemic heart disease is widely recognized. However, the correlation between risk factors for ischemic heart disease and the severity of CAD on coronary angiography remains less explored, with varying findings across studies. Our research involved a total of 200 patients aged 30 to 70 years, comprising 100 cases diagnosed with severe CAD and 100 controls with insignificant CAD. Factors contributing to CAD, such as smoking, high sugar levels, high blood pressure, lipid profiles, family history of CAD, and obesity, were assessed in all patients. Statistical analysis, employing the chi-square test, was conducted, and a significant association was considered when the odds ratio value exceeded 1. The mean age in our study population was 51.01 ± 7.76 years, with 159 (79.50%) being male. Among the patients, 99 (49.50%) were obese, 90 (45.0%) were diabetic, 94 (47.0%) were hypertensive, 77 (38.5%) were smokers, 53 (26.5%) had a positive family history, and 17 (8.5%) were dyslipidemic. In evaluating the association of cardiovascular risk factors with CAD severity, smoking (odds ratio 1.73, p-value 0.04), hypertension (odds ratio 1.6, p-value 0.05), diabetes (odds ratio 1.6, p-value 0.05), and obesity (odds ratio 1.98, p-value 0.016) emerged as independent factors significantly linked to the severity of CAD. Our findings underscore the independent roles of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity as risk factors contributing to the severity of ischemic heart disease.

Benchmarking the nutrient composition and labelling practices of commercially produced ready-to-eat purées and meals for older infants and young children across seven Southeast Asian countries.

Commercially produced complementary foods (CPCF), including ready-to-eat CPCF purées and meals, are gaining popularity among caregivers of older infants and young children (IYC) as a convenient alternative to home-prepared foods in low and middle-income countries. However, there is growing concern regarding the suitability of these products for older IYC, as they can contain high levels of sugar and/or sodium. Given the rapidly evolving market in Southeast Asia, it is crucial to monitor the appropriate composition and promotion of CPCF in the region. This study examined the nutrient composition and labelling practices of CPCF purées and meals sold in 2021 in the capital cities of seven Southeast Asian countries: Phnom Penh (Cambodia), Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila (Philippines), Bangkok (Thailand), Vientiane (Lao PDR), Hanoi (Viet Nam), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The study adapted a nutrient profiling model from the WHO Regional Office for Europe to determine the proportion of products suitable for promotion for older IYC. The proportion of CPCF purées and meals that would require a high sugar front-of-pack warning based on the percentage energy from total sugar was also determined. Of the 459 CPCF purées/meals assessed, only 37.7% of the products met all nutrient composition requirements and none met all labelling requirements. In addition, most CPCF purées and meals were identified as having high total sugar content. To ensure that older IYC consume appropriate CPCF products, Southeast Asian countries need to implement and enforce regulations concerning the nutrient composition and labelling practices of CPCF purées and meals.

Correlation Between Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1c) Levels and Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Jambi City

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease of metabolic disorder characterized by blood sugar levels that increase from normal limits. It is necessary to prevent diabetes with control by monitoring metabolic status. The method that can be used in controlling blood sugar in patients with diabetes mellitus by measuring Hemoglobin-glycation (HbA1c). HbA1c measurement is the most accurate way to determine high blood sugar levels over the past 2 - 3 months. HbA1c is an examination to assess the risk of tissue damage caused by high sugar levels. The aimed of this study is to analyze the correlation between HbA1c levels ​​and blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.
 Method: This study used descriptive methods with an analytical descriptive study with a cross-sectional among of 100 samples, based on the criteria of respondents who checked HbA1c and fasting blood sugar. Data analysis used the Speartam correlation test which was previously carried out by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test.
 Result: The results of this study showed that the average HbA1c level was 3.9% while the average fasting blood sugar level was 82 mg/dl. There is a significant correlation between HbA1c concentration and fasting blood sugar with p (0.000) < (0.05). According to the test results, the value r = 0.666 means the correlation is very strong (0.51-0.75).
 Conclusion: In conclusion, there is a strong correlation between HbA1c levels and fasting blood sugar level, the correlation happens to be positive, meaning there is a one-way relationship if HbA1c levels increases (High), fasting blood sugar levels will also increase (High). If the HbA1c levels is reduced (low), then the fasting blood sugar level is also reduced (low), and if the HbA1c level is normal, the blood sugar level is also normal.

Plain language summary of the EMPEROR-Preserved study looking at the effect of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, with and without diabetes.

The EMPEROR-Preserved study looked at the effects of empagliflozin in participants with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This is when the lower left part of the heart (left ventricle) squeezes normally or near normally but does not fill with enough blood between heartbeats. Therefore, not enough blood is pumped around the body. For this study, HFpEF was defined as a condition in which more than 40% of blood in the left ventricle was pumped around the body. When researchers started the EMPEROR-Preserved study, there was no treatment for HFpEF. Also, researchers did not know if empagliflozin was more or less effective in people with and without diabetes, a condition where there are high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. This study included participants with HFpEF with and without diabetes to see if empagliflozin had a positive effect on the heart compared with a placebo (a pill that looked like empagliflozin but did not contain any active medication). Nearly 50% of participants had diabetes. The researchers looked at: How many people needed to be hospitalized for heart failure (HF) or died from conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease) If peoples' kidneys worked less over time (the decline in kidney function) The side effects of empagliflozin. Empagliflozin reduced the risk of either being hospitalized for HF or dying from cardiovascular disease. The decrease in this risk was due to fewer hospitalizations for HF. This was true regardless of whether or not participants had diabetes. Empagliflozin also slowed the decline in kidney function, regardless of whether the participant had diabetes, but the effect was larger in participants with diabetes. There were no differences in side effects in participants taking empagliflozin or placebo, and the results were similar regardless of whether or not participants had diabetes. The results showed that treatment with empagliflozin reduced the risk of hospitalization for HF and there were no major side effects in participants with HFpEF, regardless of whether or not they had diabetes.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Nanas (Ananas Comosus L. Merr) Sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Sirup Bernilai Ekonomi

Riau is one of the provinces which is the largest producer of pineapples in Indonesia, reaching 214,277 tons in 2020. Only 53% of pineapples are consumed by the public, and the rest is thrown away. The contents of pineapple skin are water (86.7%) and carbohydrates (10.54%). Pineapple skin also contains quite high levels of sugar and carbohydrates. This can be used for further processing of pineapple skin, so that with a touch of technology and innovation pineapple skin can be converted into processed food products with economic value. One use of pineapple skin is as the main ingredient in making pineapple skin syrup. Pineapple skin syrup produced from processed pineapple skin has a fresh aroma and taste. The aim of this service is to increase the knowledge of SMKS Islamic Inayah Ujungbatu students in utilizing pineapple peels so that pineapple peels, which are usually wasted when processing the fruit flesh, can be used into innovative products with high economic value. The results of the service showed that more than 90% of participants stated that the training provided was very useful for improving their competence and could be used as a reference for independent entrepreneurship.

Effects of gamma-radiation on microbial, nutritional, and functional properties of Katimon mango peels: A combined biochemical and in silico studies

Gamma radiation has notable impacts on the flesh of mangoes. In this research, Katimon mangoes were subjected to different levels of irradiation (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kGy) using a60Co irradiator. The results showed that irradiation significantly reduced the microbial population in the mango peels, with the 1.5 kGy dose showing the most significant reduction. Irradiation also delayed ripening and extended the shelf life of the mango peels. The total fat, protein, ash, moisture, and sugar content of the mango peels were all affected by irradiation. The total protein content, ash content and moisture content increased after irradiation, while the fat content remained relatively unchanged. The sugar content increased in all samples after storage, but the non-irradiated samples had higher sugar levels than the irradiated ones. The dietary fiber content of the mango peels was not significantly affected by irradiation. The vitamin C content decreased in all samples after storage. The titratable acidity and total soluble solids content of the mango peels increased after storage, but there were no significant differences between the irradiated and non-irradiated samples. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity assessment highlighted the antioxidant potential and reduced toxicity of irradiated samples. Additionally, the antimicrobial effectiveness of irradiated mango peels was evaluated. The most substantial inhibitory zones (measuring 16.90 ± 0.35) against Pseudomonas sp. were observed at a radiation dose of 1.5 kGy with 150 μg/disc. To identify potential antimicrobial agents, the volatile components of mangoes irradiated with 1.5 kGy were analyzed through GC-MS. Subsequently, these compounds were subjected to in silico studies against a viable protein, TgpA, of Pseudomonas sp. (PDB ID: 6G49). Based on molecular dynamic simulations and ADMET properties, (−)-Carvone (−6.2), p-Cymene (−6.1), and Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester (−6.1) were identified as promising compounds for controlling Pseudomonas sp.

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHY LOW-SUGAR FOODS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS WITH THE PERCEPTRON METHOD

With tecnology, the figuring system has become simpler. Tecnology are utilized to demonstrate the organic nerves of the human mind, Tecnology are prepared and shown the proper behavior like human nerve cells that can perceive basic examples. Counterfeit brain networks can perceive input examples and will give yield that matches the objective to be accomplished. In this review, the Perceptron technique was utilized to distinguish input designs as sound, low-cholesterol food varieties. This technique works by changing the contribution to the objective and changing the loads until no more mistakes are tracked down in every age. This side effect of serving a low-sugar diet shows that meat, fresh fish, and vegetables are food sources that contain high levels of sugar. Keyword: neural networks, perceptron, sugar.

Introduced resistant grape variety Frontenac Blanc

Th e paper presents a variety trial and technological evaluation of the wine material from Frontenac Blanc grape, isolated as a color mutation in Canada plantations of the Frontenac Gris variety in 2006. Th e study was carried out in 2020–2022 in compliance with vitiviniculture recognized methodology in soil and climatic conditions of Potapenko All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking, a branch of Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientifi c Centre, Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, Russia. Vineyards are open-earth, rainfed, graft ed, with Kober 5BB rootstock, 3.0×1.5 m planting scheme, shaping: double-shouldered low (40 cm) horizontal cordon, short pruning on knots. Agricultural technology is standard, generally recognized. Frontenac Blanc is found to obtain high winter hardiness, promising for open-earth cultivation. Th e variety has good resistance to infections: to mildew (2.0 score), oidium (2.5 score); grey rot has not been observed. Th erefore, frequent use of pesticides is not required and vineyard maintenance is simplifi ed. Th e high level of sugars (248 g/dm3) and t itratable acids (10.4 g/dm3) in t h e juice ensures a harmonious wine with well-balanced acidity. Due to such characteristics, the variety is considered to be promising for the production of diff erent wine styles, including dry still, semi-dry, as well as sparkling and liqueur wines. Th e wine material from Frontenac Blanc presents a distinguishing character, bright fruit aromas, rich structured fl avor, and lingering fi nish. Th e average tasting score of the wine material comprises 8.6 points (on a 1–10 scale). Th e variety has a high yield (16 tonnes/ha), which does not adversely aff ect the quality of products. Frontenac Blanc is resistant to cold and early ripening period (120 days) and can be eff ectively grown in regions with previously limited production due to extreme climatic conditions. Considering that, an innovative development of the wine industry in areas with cool and uncertain climate possesses a high potential.

Comparison Of The C.45 And Naive Bayes Algorithms To Predict Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is an urgent global health problem and has a major impact on people around the world. This disease is characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood due to disturbances in the production or use of the hormone insulin by the body. This study aims to carry out accurate early detection of diabetics so that they can be treated as soon as possible to reduce the risk of death and to compare the two algorithms that have the best level of accuracy. The algorithms used in this study are the C4.5 and Naïve Bayes Decision Tree Algorithms. The results of the experiments carried out in this study the Decision Tree Algorithm C4.5 and Naïve Bayes can be used in modeling the early detection of diabetes. The highest average accuracy results were obtained at 90.835% using the Decision Tree C4.5 Algorithm. As for the Naïve Bayes Algorithm, an average accuracy rate of 90.745% is obtained. The pruning process was carried out using the Decision Tree Algorithm C4.5, the accuracy performance increased to 91.30%. There were 18 patterns or rules for the early detection of diabetics from the built model. The determination of attributes, the number of attribute dimensions, and the number of samples greatly affect the performance of the model built.

Dyslipidemia poses a significant risk of many complications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Article Review.

Abstract: The most prevalent chronic illnesses to be identified and treated collectively are dyslipidemias. They are typically identified by triglycerides serum, cholesterol, or both, Atypical levels of related lipoprotein species, including high of very low density lipoproteins VLDL, low HDL cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, and a predominance of small dense LDL particles, are also present. are all signs of diabetic dyslipidemia. Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) alone may result in dyslipidemia due to disruption of lipids metabolism. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance may exacerbate dyslipidemia in diabetic patients with CKD. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus bear a disproportionately high burden of cardiovascular disease , the primary global origin of morbidity and mortality, with the proportion of CVD attributed to diabetes rising in the general population . A significant microvascular consequence of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR). among developed countries, it is the most frequent cause of blindness among people of working age. The most prevalent neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, has a variety of clinical symptoms connected with it. After the age of 50, it typically occurs, and people with long-term diabetes mellitus are more likely to experience it. However, macrovascular pathogenesis is also involved. It begins with microvascular damage to the tiny blood arteries that nourish the nerves. The aim of writing this article is that the imbalance of fats and their high concentrations in the human body of a patient with type 2 diabetes generates many complications, which over time are dangerous complications that threaten the life of a diabetic patient and lead to his death if these complications are not controlled because the high levels of sugar and fat in the human body It plays an important role in the development of the patient's condition.

Chemical Profile of Turnip According to the Plant Part and the Cultivar: A Multivariate Approach.

Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) is a cruciferous plant cultivated worldwide that serves as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Most turnip studies have focused on a few compounds or on part of the plant. The establishment of a complete chemical profile of different plant parts would facilitate its use for nutritional and medicinal purposes. In the current study, mineral elements, soluble sugars, free amino acids (FAA), total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and glucosinolates (GS) were quantified in the leaves, stems, and roots. Results were compared for 20 strains of turnip. The outcomes showed significant differences between parts of the plant and strains. The leaves exhibited the highest TF, TP, indispensable FAA, and microelement levels, and they showed a higher GS. Moreover, the stems had a high content of GS and macroelements. Furthermore, the roots showed high levels of free sugars and total FAA. The findings of this work provide the basis for utilizing each part of the turnip plant based on its chemical composition.