High-speed Transportation System Research Articles

The future and technique challenges of high-speed ground effect vehicle enrolled in maritime transportation

This paper presents a high-speed ground effect vehicle (HS-GEV) used specifically for maritime transportation. Given the limitations of current vessels, including various types of watercraft and high-speed boats, in fulfilling of needs in different maritime transportation scenarios, the HS-GEV emerges as a promising solution to address unmet requirements. To efficiently accomplish maritime transportation missions with quickness and safety, several critical features are emphasized, including short take-off on water, flight maneuverability and flight stability. The key techniques required to achieve these features, as well as recent progress highlights, are introduced. Following and promoting these crucial techniques is also suggested as a future step to improve HS-GEV performance. With its predominant features, the HS-GEV holds immense application value in enhancing a high-speed maritime transportation system that aligns with the evolving needs of the real world.

Very strong levitation force and stability achieved with a large MgB2 superconductor disc

This rapid communication highlights a remarkable achievement obtained with a 120 mm diameter large cylindrical MgB2 bulk: the measurement of magnetic levitation forces up to 700 N at 20 K, levitation being stable up to levitation forces exceeding 400 N. The investigated sample, which has one of the largest dimensions reported in the literature, was fabricated using the unconventional spark plasma sintering technique. This method is known as one of the most efficient methods for producing dense MgB2 samples. This breakthrough holds significant potential for advancing high-performance levitation systems and superconducting applications, including high-speed transportation systems and magnetic bearings.

Formation of alternative routes for passenger trains in the event of non-standard situations

Railway passenger transportation has always had a significant place in the economic, material and technical development of Ukraine. The current conditions are no exception, when in connection with the beginning of a full-scale military invasion of our country, passenger transport assumed responsibility for the timely evacuation of people and their safe relocation to other regions of the country or abroad. Due to the fact that railway transport is of strategic importance for Ukraine, its infrastructure has increased risks of destruction. Each destruction of the railway infrastructure has serious consequences for the organization of the movement of passenger trains, in particular high-speed trains. Therefore, with the aim of reducing the possible costs of organizing the movement of high-speed passenger trains in the event of the destruction of the railway infrastructure and increasing the reliability of the functioning of the high-speed railway passenger transport system in Ukraine, an automated technology for providing an alternative route for the trains of the branch “Ukrainian Railway High-Speed Company” (UZShK) is proposed. The formation of this technology is considered on the example of the most popular passenger direction, namely - Kyiv-Lviv, the topology of which is represented by a weighted graph, where the vertices are railway stations, and the edges are railway sections with a weight in the form of a tuple (time to overcome each section, presence of electrification, bandwidth). The proposed technology also provides for the possibility of attracting additional “shuttle” trains or road transport, in cases where it is necessary to significantly reduce the travel time by an alternative route or the possibility of the arrival of railway transport to the station where it is necessary to board/disembark passengers is excluded. The formalization of this process was carried out by forming an optimization mathematical model according to the criterion of minimum operating costs. The formation of a set of alternative routes was carried out using the adjacency matrix of the graph representing the Kyiv-Lviv transportation direction. The developed technology is proposed to be integrated in the form of a software product for automated workplaces (AWP) of operative personnel in the form of a decision support system (DSP), the algorithm of which is also given in this publication.

A Review of Modeling, Design and Performance Assessment of Linear Electromagnetic Motors for High-Speed Transportation Systems

A Review of Modeling, Design and Performance Assessment of Linear Electromagnetic Motors for High-Speed Transportation Systems

Innovative technologies in the development of high-speed ground transport

Aim: is a comparative analysis of the technical and economic characteristics of various types of land rail transport.
 Methods: comparative analysis, structuring of high-speed traffic processes, logical analysis of the cause-and-effect organization of the high-speed highways, made it possible to formalize the technical advantages of maglev transport technology in comparison with the construction of high-speed highways.
 Results: A key trend has been identified to increase traffic speeds, requiring the convergence of various transport systems. The main criteria for innovative high-speed ground transport systems are classified. It is substantiated that increasing the level of technical characteristics of innovative technologies in the development of high-speed ground transport will allow maglev transport to become a key link in multimodal transport corridors. A comparison of the technical and economic characteristics of various types of land railway transport confirms that the introduction of MLTT into the transport complex will be able to significantly influence the matrix of the transport industry and accumulate both the passenger flow of air and rail traffic, as well as part of the containerized cargo, and become a key link in the multimodal transport corridors of the Russian Federation.
 Conclusion: The conclusions are based on a representative sample of data on the innovative, technological and economic parameters of two high-speed rail construction technologies: wheel-rail and magnetic levitation.

Linear generator for power supply to on-board consumers of high-speed magnetically levitated carriages

Background: Maglev transport is a promising mode of transport that can provide passenger and freight transportation at speeds of up to 400-500 km/h, and in the longer term – up to 1000 km/h. Active research in this area is being conducted in China, Japan, and the USA. Currently, in China and Japan, speeds of 450-500 km/h have been achieved for commercial transportation, and promising programs have been adopted for the construction of high-speed maglev tracks and the creation of rolling stock. At such speeds, one of the pressing problems is the problem of contactless energy transfer for on-board consumers located on the carriage, because it is very difficult to ensure reliable contact current collection at speeds of 450-500 km/h and above.
 Aim: development of the design, calculation and analysis of the characteristics of a linear generator of electrical energy for contactless power transfer to the moving crew of high-speed magnetically levitated transport.
 Materials and methods: to calculate the external magnetic field of the linear generator inductor and the EMF induced in the receiving coil of the crew, methods of electromagnetic field theory and electrical circuit theory were used; calculation algorithms are implemented in the Visual Basic for Applications software environment.
 Results: a design was proposed and the calculation of the external magnetic field of an inductor with transposition of conductors was performed; to increase the EMF induced in the receiving coil of the crew, it is proposed to give the receiving coil a double 8-shape; the most rational inter-circuit distance of the linear generator inductor has been established; the nature of the change in the magnetic flux penetrating the receiving coil when the vehicle moves, and the magnitude of the emf induced in the receiving coil are determined.
 Conclusion: the results can be used in the development of rolling stock for promising high-speed maglev transport systems.

Evolutionary Game Model of Civil Aviation and High-Speed Rail Interaction Strategies Based on the Passenger Ticket and Carbon Trading Prices

This study elaborated an evolutionary game model to optimize the decision-making process on the interaction between civil aviation and high-speed rail under alternative passenger ticket prices (PTPs) and carbon trading prices (CTPs). First, a logit model was used to calculate the passenger flow distribution rate in civil aviation and HSR, and their revenue loss function was determined according to varying PTPs and CTPs. Second, an evolutionary game model with incomplete information was developed to assess the respective revenues. Third, the stable strategy solution of the game model was derived from replicator dynamics, and an investigation of stable conditions under variable cases was performed. Finally, the simulation of a case study on the Beijing–Shanghai corridor was conducted to validate the proposed model’s feasibility. The additional revenue is shown to be the key influencing factor, mainly controlling the strategic decisions of airport and high-speed rail companies. Besides, the final strategy was strongly influenced by the alteration of PTPs and CTPs: higher PTPs promoted civil aviation and high-speed rail collaboration, while increased CTPs forced their competing behavior. The results obtained are instrumental in outlining the optimal strategy range for passenger ticket and carbon trading prices, encouraging high-speed transportation system growth.

Vibration analysis of a hyperloop pod with a novel hybrid levitation in accelerating and braking maneuvers

Hyperloop, a very high-speed transportation system including a pod transporting the passengers in a tube, forms the core debate in numerous recent investigations. The present paper, furthering the current advanced findings, proposes a novel hybrid levitation including Electro-Dynamic Suspension (EDS) and air cushions for the pod in the hyperloop system. It also presents a vibrational model for the hybrid levitation pod to predict the vibration behavior of the pod in accelerating and braking maneuvers. In this regard, an industrial pod is designed conceptually by performing preliminary calculations. Via CFD simulations in Ansys Fluent software, we hold forth a nonlinear dynamic model for the air cushions. Then, the paper analyzes a 3-DOF vibration model of the pod and verifies it by comparing the related results with obtained ones from the MSc ADAMS software. Afterward, the mentioned vibration model is developed into a 7-DOF model to predict the vibration behavior of the pod in accelerating and braking maneuvers. Also, the governing dynamic equations of the system are derived and numerically solved. Finally, the vibration behavior of the pod in different accelerating and braking conditions is investigated.

초고속 자기부상열차용 다중 무선충전장치에서 차폐 장벽조건에 따른 동작특성 조사

We have developed a wireless power charging(WPC) unit for the high-speed superconducting magnetic levitation train to improve the transfer efficiency and stability given that the WPC system can supply electric power without overhead wire power lines of pantographs. Various multi charging units have been required in the super high-speed transportation systems given that their utilization can improve the charging capability and reduce the construction cost of pantographs. Practically, the antenna (Tx) is installed adjacent to the shielding barriers. This way affects the transferred power considering that the Tx and multi-receiver (Rx) coils are intrinsically sensitive to impedance variation due to the external shielding barriers. Thus, the investigations of electric field (E) and magnetic field (B) between Tx and Rx coils should be conducted to control the charging rates. In this study, the authors present the intensities of electric and magnetic fields, as well as the thermal distributions and transfer efficiency between Tx and Rx coils using an RF generator of 370 kHz and 250 W.

A Big Data-Driven Risk Assessment Method Using Machine Learning for Supply Chains in Airport Economic Promotion Areas

With the rapid development of economic globalization, population, capital and information are rapidly flowing and clustering between regions. As the most important transportation mode in the high-speed transportation systems, airports are playing an increasingly important role in promoting regional economic development, yielding a number of airport economic promotion areas. To boost effective development management of these areas, accurate risk assessment through data analysis is quite important. Thus in this paper, the idea of ensemble learning is utilized to propose a big data-driven assessment model for supply chains in airport economic promotion areas. In particular, we combine two aspects of data from different sources: (1) national economic statistics and enterprise registration data from the Bureau of Industry and Commerce; (2) data from the Civil Aviation Administration of China and other multi-source data. On this basis, an integrated ensemble learning method is constructed to quantitatively analyze the supply chain security characteristics in domestic airport economic area, providing important support for the security of supply chains in airport economic area. Finally, some experiments are conducted on synthetic data to evaluate the method investigated in this paper, which has proved its efficiency and practice.

Special issue on all‐electric and hybrid‐electric flight

Special issue on all‐electric and hybrid‐electric flight

Solving the transport problem as a basis for preserving the ecology of the popular resorts of the Black Sea coast

The ecological situation in the resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Crimea cannot but cause concerns. Once these resorts were positioned as climatic ones with a strongly marked therapeutic and health-improving climate. Today, we are no longer talking about the healing properties of the climate of these regions. But it is possible to preserve these regions for future generations as centers of medical and health tourism. One of the factors negatively affecting the ecology of the Black Sea resort areas is the expansion of vehicles with internal combustion engines. Waste exhaust gases from running engines of a huge number of motor vehicles that have appeared in recent years on the Black Sea coast (and not only in the summer holiday season) cause irreparable harm to the ecology of popular resort areas. Substantiation of the possibility of creating a zone free of vehicles with internal combustion engines in the resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Crimea and the Caucasus. To achieve this goal, theoretical methods of scientific research were used: analysis, synthesis and forecasting. The analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the study of the possibility of introducing a high-speed transport system for public and freight transport hyperloop (hyperloop - Eng.) is carried out. A conceptual project for solving the transport problem of the resort regions of the Southern coast of the Crimea is proposed.

Future tourism development based on the knowledge of preferential choice of HSR

Abstract The paper contributes to the extensive knowledge on the impacts of high-speed transport systems on transport-related human behaviour. The paper presents the case of the Czech Republic – a small transit country in Central Europe where the government plans to build high-speed transport systems to improve transport connectivity within Europe. This step will certainly be met with a response. So, the aim of the paper is to find out how high-speed rail (HSR) influences tourism development in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the paper focuses on behaviour of travellers and analyses its intention to switch from a certain mode of transport to HSR. In order to predict future tourism development, determinants of transport mode choice are analysed and tested to learn more about travellers’ preferences and their potential change in their behaviour. The findings reveal that HSR would stimulate international tourism and for certain circumstances it would help to recover MICE tourism.

Study on Interior Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics of the High-Speed Maglev Train in the Low Vacuum Tube

As the next-generation high-speed transportation system, the low vacuum tube high-speed maglev system combines the tube with a certain degree of vacuum with the high-speed maglev train, which can realize high-speed operation under low aerodynamic resistance and noise mode. In order to study the interior aerodynamic noise characteristics of the high-speed maglev train in the low vacuum tube, a computational model of the external flow field of the high-speed maglev train in a low vacuum tube was established, and the computational model of the interior aerodynamic noise of the high-speed maglev train was established using the statistical energy analysis method; then the interior aerodynamic noise characteristics of the high-speed maglev train in the low vacuum tube were studied. The research results show that in the low vacuum tube, the distribution of the interior aerodynamic noise of the high-speed maglev train shows the characteristics of large head car and tail car and small middle car, and the aerodynamic noise on the top of the car is smaller than that on the floor. With the increase in frequency, the sound pressure level of the interior aerodynamic noise of the high-speed maglev train has the tendency of increasing first and then decreasing, and the main energy of the interior aerodynamic noise is distributed in the range of 200–1000 Hz. From the perspective of the total sound pressure level of the interior aerodynamic noise, the interior aerodynamic noise of the tail car is the greatest, followed by the head car, and the interior aerodynamic noise of the middle car is the smallest. As the direction of the travel of the maglev train will change, the optimization design of the interior aerodynamic noise of the head and tail cars should be emphasized.

Simulation of the maglev suspension dynamic characteristics during movement, acceleration and deceleration

Background: When developing high-speed transport systems based on the magnetic levitation phenomenon, it is necessary to take into account a huge number of factors that affect the characteristics and stability of this type systems. One of the simplest and most convenient methods for achieving these goals is numerical simulation.
 Aim: simulation of the dynamic characteristics of a magnetic suspension based on a high-temperature superconductor during movement, acceleration and deceleration.
 Methods: numerical analysis of the magnetic levitation system was performed by the finite element method in the Comsol Multiphysics engineering simulation software.
 Results: during straight motion, lateral vibrations do not exceed 15 %, and the suspension speed and mass increase does not have a significant effect on the vibrations amplitude. In the case of vertical oscillations, the platform mass and speed increase leads to an increase in the vibration resistance of the system. With an increase in the turning radius of the track, the maximum possible speed of entering the turn without detaching the suspension from the magnetic track increases non-linearly.
 Conclusion: The developed numerical model makes it possible to predict the dynamic characteristics of levitation transport and can be applied to systems of various scales.

Effect and Influence of Double Resonance Couplings With Dual Resonance Frequencies for Wireless Power Multi-Charging Module in Superconducting MAGLEV Train

The wireless power charging (WPC) system based on the resonance coupling method, which is composed of separate coils with same resonance frequency, is feasible for exchanging electric energy within 2 m. We have been developed the WPC unit for high speed superconducting magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) train to improve the transfer efficiency and stability since the WPC system can supply electric power without overhead wire power lines of pantographs. Practically, the various WPC units have been required in the super high speed transportation systems since it can reduce the construction cost of pantographs as well as multi charging units to inside and outside of traveling train. From this point of view, authors proposed the enhanced WPC system using multi antenna (Tx) coils with dual-resonance frequencies to expand the practical way. As the multi Tx and multi-receiver (Rx) coils of WPC unit are intrinsically sensitive to impedance variation from external factors such as double resonance coupling coils and the electromagnetic propagations, the effect and influence of charging characteristics for double resonance coupling coils with dual-resonance frequencies should be exanimated. In this paper, the effect and influence of charging characteristics and thermal distributions were investigated under the different resonance coupling modeling with 370 and 750 kHz power sources. In addition, the effect of reflected power at Tx coils was investigated under double resonance coupling coils.

Forecasting the economic impact of a vacuum tube high-speed transport system in Poland: An input-output approach

The aim of this paper is to specify the multiplier effects that are induced in the national economy in reference to the construction of Hyperloop lines in Poland using tunnel and trestle technology. In particular, we calculate the added value and employment growth for several industries that will contribute to the construction process. We use an input-output analysis that enables us to take the detailed structure of inter-industry linkages in Poland into account. According to our results, constructing a Hyperloop infrastructure in Poland would have the greatest stimulating impact on several sectors of the Polish economy, including crude oil and natural gas, metal ores, other mining products, building objects and construction work, products from other non-metallic raw materials, finished metal products, land and pipeline transport, and wholesale trade. However, this impact will be affected by the choice of construction technology (tunnel versus trestle). In addition, our calculations relate to particular routes of the potential Hyperloop network. This study contributes to the body of literature on transport infrastructures and public investments as well as Hyperloop technology development. Additionally, it contributes to the econometric methodology by employing an input-output analysis for forecasting the multiplier effects of constructing a Hyperloop system. This study has practical implications for the decision-making process on Hyperloop network development in the future.

Liquid Metals Heat-Pipe solution for hypersonic air-intake leading edge: Conceptual design, numerical analysis and verification

Embedded propulsion systems will allow future hypersonic aircraft to reach amazing levels of performance. However, their peculiar small-radius air-intake leading edges pose serious challenges from the aerothermodynamic, design, integration, and manufacturing standpoints. This paper discloses the methodology developed in the framework of the H2020 STRATOFLY project and specifically tailored to support the conceptual and preliminary design phases of future high-speed transportation systems. The methodology implements an incremental approach which includes multi-fidelity design, modelling and simulation techniques. The specific application to the MR3, a Mach 8 waverider configuration with an embedded dorsal mounted propulsive subsystem, is reported. Different alternative solutions have been thoroughly analysed, including five liquid metals as fluids (Mercury, Caesium, Potassium, Sodium and Lithium) and relative wick and case materials (Steel, Titanium, Nickel, Inconel® and Tungsten) and three leading-edges materials (CMC, Tungsten with low emissivity painting and Tungsten with high emissivity painting). The analysis of the heat transfer limits (the capillary, entrainment, viscosity, chocking and boiling limits) carried out for all five fluids and relative compatible materials, together with a more accurate FEM analysis, suggest the adoption of a Nickel–Potassium liquid metal heat pipe completely integrated in a platelet air-intake leading edge made of CMC material. Ultimately, the effectiveness of the adopted solution throughout all mission phases has been verified with a detailed numerical model, built upon an electrical analogy.

Fuzzy Programming Approach for the Electric Multiple Unit Circulation Planning Problem Using Simulated Annealing

Circulation planning for electric multiple units (EMUs) is regarded as one of the key operation issues for a high-speed railway transportation system. The EMU circulation plan consists of determining the connections of trains while accomplishing the passengers’ demands. EMUs need regular maintenance at a certain interval of kilometers or minutes for safety reasons. Consequently, the circulation plan must ensure that EMU trains can reach the maintenance depots in time for their required maintenance. This paper proposes a 0-1 integer programming model for the EMU circulation plan with the aim of minimizing the total costs of the mileage losses of the EMUs, which is incurred when they undergo a maintenance check before the corresponding travel mileage reaches the limit of the cycle. Given that the accumulated travel mileage of EMUs is allowed to be 10% above the standard mileage cycle in practice, an ingenious fuzzy maintenance constraint is presented to tackle the mileage cycle constraint with a certain elasticity. The exterior penalty function is employed to deal with the fuzzy constraint and a simulated annealing (SA) heuristic is employed to solve the model. The modeling and solving approach are applied to a practical instance in the context of China’s high-speed railway system. Compared with the average travel mileage of EMU trains using the manual solution, with the SA solution an increase of 293 km was observed. It can be then concluded that the optimization method presented in this paper can effectively improve the quality of the EMU circulation plan.

Demand for Passenger Capsules for Hyperloop High-Speed Transportation System—Case Study From Poland

The innovative concept of the vacuum railway—high-speed transportation system has for many years aroused great interest of people dealing with the issues of modern and effective transport systems. Transport scientists and engineers see this technology as a great opportunity for modern societies, at the same time, struggling with many difficult and still unsolved problems. This article presents partial results of the research carried out to assess the feasibility and legitimacy of implementing this technology in Poland. Particular attention was paid to the research methodology for estimating the demand for passenger capsules used for the transport of people in hyperloop (HP) technology. The authors also presented the results of using this methodology to determine the investment outlays for HP capsules intended to handle passenger traffic on selected routes planned in Poland. The authors’ contribution is an innovative approach to determining the demand for passenger capsules, the investment outlays, and the maximum capacity depending on parameters such as, for example, the sequence time or travel time of capsules on one of the future HP routes in Poland.