High-speed Motor Research Articles

Thermal Dissipation of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Multi-field Coupling: Simulation Application and Experiment Realization

Thermal Dissipation of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Multi-field Coupling: Simulation Application and Experiment Realization

Stability Analysis of LC-Equipped High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor System Considering Stator Resistance

Stability Analysis of LC-Equipped High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor System Considering Stator Resistance

Evaluation of Adhesion Strength of Coils of a High-Speed Motor Applying Welding-Less Coils

Evaluation of Adhesion Strength of Coils of a High-Speed Motor Applying Welding-Less Coils

Badania przyczyn niepożądanej synchronizacji prędkości obrotowej silnika z częstotliwością modulacji PWM w układzie napędowym PM BLDC

In a drive system comprising a high-speed PM BLDC motor and an inverter implementing motor phases commutation and phase voltages PWM modulation, a spontaneous synchronisation between the PWM modulation frequency and the motor rotational speed may occur. The drive behaves like an unintended phase-locked loop. The effect distorts mechanical characteristic of the drive by introducing flat segments where the rotational speed remains constant despite changing load torque. It makes the speed-torque relationship discontinuous, nonlinear, and non-unique. The phenomenon is closely related to the problem of phase current and motor torque ripples. The paper presents experimental results recorded with a laboratory test bench for drives for electric power tools where the phenomenon of the parasitic speed locking has been observed. A root cause of this effect is discussed, and the mechanism of unwanted synchronisation is investigated. Several mitigation techniques are proposed and verified with computer simulations.

Closed-Loop Control and Plant Co-Design of a Hybrid Electric Unmanned Air Vehicle

Abstract Novel conceptual aircraft designs have been enabled by more electrified aircraft components providing enhanced capability and versatility. Through the advancement of multidisciplinary design optimization, control co-design methods have become a popular approach for system design conceptualization wherein the plant and control actions are designed simultaneously to account for the coupling between vehicle subsystems and power management systems. Many prior efforts have focused on open-loop control co-design that can later be adapted for a more realistic operating case. This work focuses on the development and scalability of closed-loop control co-design that would result in a physically realizable plant and closed-loop control law. The theoretical approach is demonstrated practically through the design of a hybrid electric unmanned air vehicle and two feedback controllers that operate the hybrid power split and propulsion system. The system is designed to complete a dynamic seven phase mission consisting of multiple cruise, dash, engage, dive, and climb segments as quickly as possible. Given the scale of the dynamic design problem, a convergence study is introduced that facilitates accurate and computationally tractable design optimization studies. The study is conducted for independent, sequential, and simultaneous design approaches. The results indicate high-speed motors, high voltage batteries, and responsive control gains result in a fast vehicle with high thrust-to-weight ratio. The simultaneous design solution had the best closed-loop performance, outclassing a baseline system design by over 30%.

Analysis of interior rotor for high-speed brushless DC motor using finite element method

<span lang="EN-US">The permanent magnet of brushless DC (BLDC) motor is ideally suited for high-speed application due to its superior performance and efficient as compared to other types of electrical motors. However, to operate in high-speed operation, the rotors that hold the magnet must be able to withstand high centrifugal force. Due to that, the main objective of this project is to design and develop the suitable rotor for high-speed BLDC motor through the finite element method (FEM) Ansys Maxwell modeling software. In addition, this project is also carried out to determine the ability of the modeled software to reach the high-speed performances in terms of cogging torque and induce voltage. In this project, the selected BLDC motor was fabricated and measured experimentally. The result showed that the designed rotor can achieve speed of almost 14,500 rpm.</span>

Application and thermal field analysis of multilayer thermal insulation in in-situ forming process of thermoplastic composites

The carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) composite material can achieve high efficiency and integrated assembly molding through in-situ consolidation, suitable for the preparation of high-speed motor rotor sleeves. However, the high forming temperature of CF/PEEK may cause demagnetization of the magnet once the temperature exceeds the curie temperature of the magnet. To address the insulation issues during the sleeve forming process, this study proposes using metal-containing multilayer thermal insulations (MTI) to prepare the insulation layer, which takes advantage of the heat transfer within the metal layer to achieve thickness-wise insulation. A finite element heat field model is established to analyze the effect of material thermal properties, layer structure, and thermal field conditions on the thermal insulation effect. The response surface methodology analysis shows that metal materials with high thermal conductivity and high volume-specific heat have better insulation performance. The highest temperature of the bottom surface of the copper-containing MTI is only 64% of that of the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GF/PP) layer MTI. Analysis of the layer structure shows that the closer the metal layer is to the heat source, the better the insulation effect. The sensitivity analysis of the thermal field conditions shows that the thermal conductivity of the inner layer has a greater impact on the insulation effect. Subsequently, the MTI containing copper was optimized in response to the specific insulation requirements of the motor rotor sleeve, providing a reference for the application of in-situ consolidated integrated assembly molding in thermoplastic composites.

Radiated noise analysis in high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors with rotor eccentricities

Radiated noise analysis in high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors with rotor eccentricities

Research Status of High-speed Permanent Magnet Motor Control System

In this paper, for the topology optimization design problem of low rotating iron consumption and high rotor strength high-speed permanent magnet motor and the high dynamic, high force-to-energy ratio and strong robust control problem of high-speed permanent magnet motor, we briefly introduce the research status of scholars at home and abroad on the two problems in order to realize the high-speed permanent magnet motor with low rotating iron consumption, high rotor strength, and fast dynamic response and to provide the basic conditions for further research.

Sensorless HSPMSM Control of an Improved SMC and EKF Based on Immune PSO

Here, for controlling a high-speed flywheel permanent magnet synchronous motor (HSPMSM), a position sensorless control method for estimation of motor rotor position and speed is proposed to address the problems faced by mechanical position sensors of high cost, large size, and poor interference immunity. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has difficulty obtaining the optimal covariance matrix when performing state estimation. Therefore, the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) with an immune mechanism is used to optimize the covariance matrix of the EKF. However, the EKF algorithm makes the system less robust due to its delay effect. Based on the traditional sliding mode control rate, the exponential convergence law is improved, and the continuous function sat(s) is used instead of the symbolic function sgn(s). This improves the convergence law and proves the asymptotic stability of the designed sliding mode variable structure controller based on Lyapunov’s stability theorem. Then, the novel control law is applied to the sliding mode surface (SMS). An ordinary sliding mode controller (OSMC) using a linear sliding mode controller (LSMC), a global sliding mode controller (GSMC) using a global sliding mode surface (GSMS), and an integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) using an integral sliding mode surface (ISMS) are designed for improving control. Joint simulation in MATLAB and Simulink verifies that the optimized EKF based on the immune PSO can improve precision and accuracy for controlling the electronic rotor position and speed. Comparing the new sliding mode controller with a traditional PI controller reveals that the proposed system has stronger resistance to load disturbance and better robustness.

Investigation on the Influence of Eccentricity on the AC Copper Loss of High-Speed Slotless Permanent Magnet Motor

The armature winding of slotless motor is directly exposed to the air gap magnetic field. During high speed operation, the effective part of the armature winding cuts the flux lines directly, which would inevitably cause large AC copper loss. Moreover, when the rotor is eccentric, appreciable distortions would be appeared in the air gap flux density. The additional flux density would aggravate the AC copper loss. In this paper, the mechanism of AC copper loss of high speed slotless motors is explained firstly. Then the influence of eccentricity on AC copper loss is evaluated. Finally, the difference in the effect of dynamic and static eccentricity on AC copper loss is compared.

Costoclavicular Brachial Plexus Block Facilitates Painless Upper Extremity Reduction: A Case Report.

The costoclavicular brachial plexus block (CCBPB) has emerged as a more effective approach to regional anesthesia of the upper extremity. The costoclavicular space is the anterior portion of the superior thoracic aperture, located between the clavicle and first rib. The brachial plexus cords traverse this space clustered together in a superficial location lateral to the axillary artery and share a consistent topographical relationship to one another. By targeting the brachial plexus at this specific anatomical location, the CCBPB offers a powerful, single-shot, sensorimotor block of the upper extremity below the shoulder. We present a novel application of the CCBPB to facilitate emergency department (ED) analgesia and closed reduction of an upper extremity fracture. A 25-year-old male presented to the ED with a traumatic Colles fracture sustained during a high-speed motor vehicle collision. Despite multimodal analgesia, the patient reported intractable severe pain with intolerance of radial manipulation. An ultrasound-guided CCBPB was performed to augment pain control and avoid procedural sedation, resulting in dense, surgical anesthesia of the upper extremity, and painless fracture reduction. Regional anesthesia is an effective component of multimodal pain management and another tool in the emergency physician's analgesic armamentarium. In acute orthopedic traumas necessitating emergent reduction, regional blocks serve as rescue pain control and can obviate the need for procedural sedation. In terms of targeted upper extremity analgesia, the CCBPB offers effective, single-shot, sensorimotor blockade below the shoulder, mitigating use of opioids and their deleterious side effects, while simultaneously avoiding incomplete blockade or phrenic nerve palsy associated with other approaches to brachial plexus blockade.

Influence of Interference Fit and Temperature on High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor

A high-speed permanent magnet motor is the core driving component of a centrifugal air compressor. The power of the centrifugal air compressor is output by the motor. Its safety and reliability are embodied in the stability of the rotor structure, which greatly affects the stability and working efficiency of the centrifugal air compressor. Much research has focused on the material strength, structural characteristics, and fit clearance of a high-speed rotor, whereas few research articles have focused on the influence of interference fit of high-speed and ultra-high-speed permanent magnet motors, and there is also little research on the thermal failure caused by temperature in high-speed motors. In this paper, the influence of the interference fit and temperature of the high-speed permanent magnet motor is studied. Using finite element analysis conducted by Ansys to obtain simulation data, the influencing factors of the strength of the interference are analyzed comprehensively in the centrifugal compressor rotor system. The interference value and rotational speed range are determined via numerical calculation. Under the condition of minimum interference, when the calculated speed reaches 137,628.82 rpm, the structure of the rotor is loose and fails, which is a mechanical failure caused by the relative sliding of the magnet and the sheath. The calculated speed value differs from the simulation result by about 1.2%. The simulation results show that the maximum stress of the structure can be reduced from 1186.1 MPa to 308.42 MPa by adding chamfer to the end covers in interference fit structure. The effects of interference value, rotational speed, temperature, and sheath thickness on the structure are also analyzed. From the perspective of temperature on structural reliability, the failure temperature of the structure decreases when the interference value increases. The lowest failure temperature is 182.3 °C when the interference value is 70 μm. After that, the interference value increases and the failure temperature increases. The reason for this is the interaction between radial stress and contact stress. These results are caused by the interaction between interference fit and temperature, which should be paid attention to when the structure of a high-speed permanent magnet motor is designed.

High-Frequency Harmonic Suppression Strategy and Modified Notch Filter-Based Active Damping for Low-Inductance HPMSM

The voltage inverters have the high-frequency switching characteristic, which will generate massive high-frequency harmonics in the motors. Especially, the inductance of the high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (HPMSM) is designed to be small, and the high-frequency harmonic content will be higher than that of ordinary motors, which adversely affects the system. To overcome this problem, this paper proposed a harmonic suppression method based on the LC filter and the adaptive notch filter for HPMSMs. The LC filter is connected between the inverter and the HPMSM to filter out high-frequency harmonics, however, at the cost of the system resonance. Therefore, the adaptive notch filter with the frequency tracking capability is designed to offset specific resonant peaks by constructing an antiresonant peak. The least mean square adaptive algorithm automatically adjusts the filter parameters according to the variation of the input signal to ensure accurate filtering in complex cases. Simulation and experiment results prove the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The harmonic contents of HPMSM are significantly reduced, and the dynamic response performance of the control system is improved.

Energy-Saving Design and Research of High-Speed Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motor Under the Development of Rare Earth Resources

Energy-Saving Design and Research of High-Speed Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motor Under the Development of Rare Earth Resources

Analysis of the technical level of hydraulic fluid power with motor-wheels

The analysis of the use of hydraulic fluid power of rotation of hydraulic motor-wheels for tracked and wheeled machines was carried out. The hydraulic principle schemes for the use of high-speed axial-piston hydraulic motors with planetary gearboxes and high-torque low-speed radial-piston hydraulic motors are considered, in particular, hydraulic devices for ensuring reliable movement in the event of obstacles from the road surface. The features of static and dynamic calculation methods using a mathematical model for the numerical solution of differential equations when calculating pressure fluctuations and the frequency of rotation of hydraulic motors depending on the tasks of changing the intensity of the pump supply and the working volume of the hydraulic motor, taking into account its efficiency, are shown. A comparative analysis of the technical level of hydraulic motor-wheels was carried out and a significant increase in the output parameters of high-torque radial piston hydraulic motors with respect to pressure, rotation frequency and mass-to-torque ratio was revealed. The article may be useful for engineers, scientists and master's students.

Costoclavicular Brachial Plexus Block Facilitates Painless Upper Extremity Reduction: A Case Report

Introduction: The costoclavicular brachial plexus block (CCBPB) has emerged as a more effective approach to regional anesthesia of the upper extremity. The costoclavicular space is the anterior portion of the superior thoracic aperture, located between the clavicle and first rib. The brachial plexus cords traverse this space clustered together in a superficial location lateral to the axillary artery and share a consistent topographical relationship to one another. By targeting the brachial plexus at this specific anatomical location, the CCBPB offers a powerful, single-shot, sensorimotor block of the upper extremity below the shoulder. We present a novel application of the CCBPB to facilitate emergency department (ED) analgesia and closed reduction of an upper extremity fracture.Case Report: A 25-year-old male presented to the ED with a traumatic Colles fracture sustained during a high-speed motor vehicle collision. Despite multimodal analgesia, the patient reported intractable severe pain with intolerance of radial manipulation. An ultrasound-guided CCBPB was performed to augment pain control and avoid procedural sedation, resulting in dense, surgical anesthesia of the upper extremity, and painless fracture reduction.Conclusion: Regional anesthesia is an effective component of multimodal pain management and another tool in the emergency physician’s analgesic armamentarium. In acute orthopedic traumas necessitating emergent reduction, regional blocks serve as rescue pain control and can obviate the need for procedural sedation. In terms of targeted upper extremity analgesia, the CCBPB offers effective, single-shot, sensorimotor blockade below the shoulder, mitigating use of opioids and their deleterious side effects, while simultaneously avoiding incomplete blockade or phrenic nerve palsy associated with other approaches to brachial plexus blockade.

Analysis of the Magneto-Thermal Bidirectional Coupling Strength of Macro and Micro Integration for Self-Starting Permanent Magnet Hysteresis Synchronous Motors

High-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are usually started with the hybrid low-speed open-loop and high-speed closed-loop control mode. However, low-speed open-loop control produces large starting current, or even current overload, resulting in demagnetization and motor damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor with self-starting ability at low speed, that is, a permanent magnet hysteresis motor (PMHM). This paper takes the permanent magnet ring hysteresis column rotor structure as the research object. Firstly, the performance of this type of rotor is improved using the micro level of effective layer material AlNiCo, and the mechanical properties of AlNiCo are calculated. Secondly, based on the thick-walled cylinder theory, the analytical model for calculating the strength of the composite rotor considering the temperature effect is deduced, and the tangential and radial stress distribution for each part of the rotor under no-load and load conditions are obtained. Then, the electromagnetic losses and temperature field distribution of the rotor are obtained using the magneto-thermal bidirectional coupling finite element method. Finally, strength of the thermal rotor is analyzed by substituting the temperature rise curve function and AlNiCo parameters at the operating temperature. The comparison of the stress calculation results of the semi-analytical solution and the finite element method showed that the error between both of them is less than 5%, which verified that the semi-analytical solution can accurately analyze the thermal stress distribution of the rotor during high-speed rotation.

Theoretical and experimental analysis of electric vehicle motor dynamics under the coupling of harmonic current and temperature excitation

The NVH performance of electric vehicles is crucial for human comfort, and the electric drive system is key to NVH performance. Permanent magnet synchronous motors experience high-temperature increases under high-speed operating conditions, resulting in motor structure deformation at high-temperatures. The radial deformation of the stator alters the airgap dimensions of the motor’s electromagnetic field. The airgap of the motor’s magnetic field has high-sensitivity to these changes aggravating the vibration and noise problems. Harmonic currents in high-speed vehicle motors add to these problems. Therefore, motor dynamics must be studied under the joint influences of airgap distortion and harmonic currents. We proposed a method of modeling permanent magnet synchronous motors under the joint effect of harmonic currents and temperature fields. And established an accurate multi-field coupled vibration response prediction model for permanent magnet synchronous motors. The accuracy of the vibration prediction model was subjected to a bench test. The vibration characteristics of the motor were studied using order and spectrum analyses. We found that the airgap magnetic-field distortion, due to the motor and stator thermal deformation, significantly affected the motor vibration characteristics. The main motor vibration noise was caused by the 24th and 48th order electromagnetic force waves. This provides a reference for establishing an accurate vibration prediction model for permanent magnet synchronous motors.

Multiphysical Design and Optimization of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Sinusoidal Segmented Permanent Magnet Structure

Multiphysical Design and Optimization of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Sinusoidal Segmented Permanent Magnet Structure