High-speed Diesel Engine Research Articles

The effect of the use of natural gas on the emissivity of a flame in a cylinder of an automobile diesel engine

The issues and features of heat transfer in the cylinder of a high-speed diesel engine of 4CHN 11,0/12,5 dimension when working on diesel and gas engine fuel (gas-diesel process) are considered. The spectral and integrated radiation characteristics of soot particles in the cylinder of the 4CHN 11,0/12,5 gas diesel engine were calculated depending on the angle of rotation of the crankshaft.

Thermal load analysis and control of four-stroke high speed diesel engine

Aiming at the thermal load problem of the four-stroke high-speed Diesel engine piston, a piston thermal fluid-solid coupling model based on the combustion thermal boundary and the two-phase flow oscillation cooling thermal boundary is established. The model considers the problem that the piston cannot fill the cooling cavity due to the reciprocating motion. The effects of different engine speeds and the injection speed on the filling rate are studied. The variation curves of the filling rate of the oil in the cooling cavity are simulated, and the transient heat transfer coefficient and temperature of each crank angle are obtained. The average value is then analyzed by thermal flow-solid coupling method, and the influence of the filling rate of the piston cavity on the temperature field of the piston is obtained. Through the comparison of the experimental results of the hardness plug measurement method, the calculation of the model is accurate and can be well used for the simulation of the piston temperature field and the evaluation of the thermal load at the critical position. Based on this model, the regularity analysis of the influencing factors of the piston thermal load is carried out. The influencing factors include the filling rate of the cavity, the air-fuel ratio, the injection timing, etc., and finally the engine operating range that meets the heat load requirements is obtained.

Study of diesel operation using diesel fuel and methyl fluid

The obtained processing of the results of research in the field of science shows that domestic and foreign researchers have developed the prerequisites, conducted a series of experimental works using high-precision measuring equipment to study the working process of a diesel engine. There are studies on the possibility of using methyl fluid in diesel engines as a motor fuel. At the same time, it should be noted that studies on the use of methyl fluid as a motor fuel were carried out without studying the complex effect on environmental, effective indicators and the performance of the working process in a diesel cylinder. There is little work on the use of methyl-fluid with separate feed in high-speed small-sized diesel engines with air cooling.

Genesis of autotractor diesel engineering and first diesel tractors

Agriculture needed a simple engine running on cheap fuel to switch to mechanical traction. Due to its simplicity and ability to work on oil, colorization engines have become widespread, including in agriculture. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying the key issues that influenced the creation of diesel engines with divided combustion chamber: indirect, pre-chamber, as well as studying the story of the creation of the indirect diesel, the first diesel tractors. (Materials and methods) The article notes the importance of the International Congress of figures involved in the construction and use of internal combustion engines, and the exhibition organized at the same time. The exhibition presents 95 engines, 23 of them were created at Russian factories. The holding of the international event and the wide participation of domestic engine manufacturers in it testified to the development of engine design in Russia. (Results and discussion) The article notes that despite the success of the world engine building, the problem of creating a lightweight diesel of high specific power, suitable for installation on automotive equipment, has not been solved yet. The article consideres the history of creation of a high-speed turbocharged diesel engine with a "soft" flow of the working stroke. (Conclusions) A two-cylinder pre-chamber diesel engine with a capacity of 18 kilowatts (25 horsepower) at 800 rpm by P. L'Orange was produced by Benz & Cie in 1922 and intended for agricultural machinery. The Benz-Sendling S6 motor plow with the Benz & Cie diesel was launched in March 1923. In addition to three-wheeled tractors and motor plows, since 1923, Benz and Sendling have offered a four-wheeled model of the BK diesel tractor. The first serial diesel tractor in Europe is considered to be the Deutz tractor. Produced in 1927, the MTH 222 tractor was equipped with a 14-horsepower single-cylinder engine with an additional chamber.

Calculation and identification of the coordinate of oil jet ejection from the gap of a rotating connecting rod bearing

The development of a modern high-speed, energy-efficient and reliable diesel engine requires high-quality lubrication of all friction parts in general and parts of the cylinder-piston group (CPG) in particular. The relevance of this research is due to the insufficient study of the process of oil jet supply of CPG parts, implemented in combined lubrication systems of modern high-speed four-stroke engines and significantly affecting the processes of friction, wear and scuffing of parts of this group. The analysis of previously performed works in this area has shown the feasibility of not only setting up an experiment, but also using computational modeling in order to increase the informativity of the results obtained. The aim of the study was to determine the coordinates of the point of ejection of the oil jet from the gap of the rotating connecting rod bearing. According to the accepted working hypothesis, the point of ejection of the oil jet was the geometric place of the maximum gap in the connecting rod bearing. To calculate the angular coordinate of this point, we used the method of composing and solving equations of plane motion of a solid body. As a result of the research, an analytical expression of the desired coordinate was obtained and its value was calculated during the working cycle for the conditions of the nominal operating mode of the research object - a high-speed universal air-cooled diesel engine 1CH 8.5/8.0 (TMZ-450D). Ensuring the reliability and increasing the accuracy of the results of the study is confirmed by comparison with the calculated data obtained by the method of classical dynamics of piston engines. The array of calculated values of the coordinate of the oil jet ejection point from the gap of the rotating connecting rod bearing of the diesel engine, defined in this paper, will be used for debugging the developed tool for calculating modeling of the oil jet feed process and subsequent optimization of the conditions of lubrication, friction and wear of CPG parts on this basis.

Experimental and Performance of Water Hyacinth with Cow Dung using High Speed Diesel Engine

Bio-gasoline is a type of vitality created when natural materials, for example, creature fertilizer or objects which might be left over from horticulture are matured successfully and requiring little to no attempt. The upside of biogas is that it replaces other energy assets like charcoal, kindling, power, fluid oil gas and oil. In our present examination an endeavor has been made to create Biogas from Bio Methanationof water hyacinths and cowdungandtestingtheperformanceofgasanddieselusinghighspee ddieselengine.

Improvements of a Failure Database for Marine Diesel Engines Using the RCM and Simulations

Diesel engines are widely used in marine transportation as a direct connection to the propeller and as electrical principal or auxiliary generator sets. The engine is the most critical piece of equipment on a vessel platform; therefore, the engine’s reliability is paramount in order to optimize safety, life cycle costs, and energy of the boat, and hence, vessel availability. In this paper, the improvements of a failure database used for a four-stroke high-speed marine diesel engine are discussed. This type of engine is normally used in military and civil vessels as the main engine of small patrols and yachts and as an auxiliary generator set (GENSET) for larger vessels. This database was assembled by considering “failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA),” as well as an analysis of the symptoms obtained in an engine failure simulator. The FMECA was performed following the methodology of reliability-centered maintenance (RCM), while the engine response against failures was obtained from a failure simulator based on a thermodynamic one-dimensional model created by the authors, which was adjusted and validated with experimental data. The novelty of this work is the methodology applied, which combines expert knowledge of the asset, the RCM methodology, and the failure simulation to obtain an accurate and reliable database for the prediction of failures, which serves as a key element of a diesel engine failure diagnosis system.

Research of high-speed diesel engines of small dimension on biofuel

The paper substantiates the need for the use of biofuels in diesel engines. It is shown that the choice for diesel alternative biofuel with a perspective should be carried out in accordance with the design features of the engine and during its primary tests. The paper studies such eco-friendly energy sources as methanol, ethanol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil. Methanol, ethanol and methyl ester of rapeseed oil potentially lead to some solutions to environmental problems, as for their production, there are quite abundant resources and these energy sources are characterized by relatively low emissions of harmful substances when burning. The ways of bioethanol production from various raw materials and the process of rapeseed oil methanolysis are considered. Experimental studies of biodiesel operating on alcohol-fuel emulsions, methanol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil were carried out.

ABOUT PREDICTION METHOD FOR WORK RESOURCE OF COMBUSTION CAMERAS SHIPS OF FORCED HIGH-SPEED DIESELS PISTONS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ENGINE OPERATION MODEL

The paper analyzes the existing methods for predicting the long-term strength of high-speed diesel engines pistons, taking into account fatigue, creep and their complex effect. It is shown that the material creep process is significantly affected by the duration of the material loading cycle in real piston structures. It is noted that at an arbitrary time the material creep rate also depends on the previously accumulated creep deformation. The material loading parameters will change from cycle to cycle. It has been substantiated that the prediction of the long-term and heat-fatigue strength of the forced high-speed diesel engines pistons should be carried out taking into account the complex effect of fatigue and creep on the damage accumulation process. A method has been developed for estimating the long-term and thermal fatigue strength of the piston, taking into account the noted complex effect of these processes. The analysis is carried out the loading history influence of a high-speed diesel piston on the combustion chamber edge durability. A technique has been developed that makes it possible to predict the time to destruction of the of the combustion chamber edge at the initial stages of engine design, taking into account the model of its operation.

Research on the Possibility of Increasing the Power Output of a High - Speed Diesel Engine by Adding Compressed Natural Gas

The paper presents studies on a high-speed diesel engine driven by added CNG (compressed natural gas) in order to increase its power. The effects of the amount of CNG added on the engine performance have been studied. Throughout the tests the effective performance and pollution emission indicators of ICE (Internal Combustion Engine), the cylinder pressure, etc. were measured. Under all operating conditions the diesel fuel consumption per hour and the rotation speed have remained constant. The amount of CNG added is variable. As a result of the research, relations have been established concerning the overall efficiency, the air to fuel ratio for steady-state performance and smoke opacity. An increase in CO, NOx and HC emissions has been recorded and at the same time the amount of CO2 released has decreased. Both the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber and the pressure rise rate increase which results in rising the engine performance harshness. When CNG has been added in quantity about 47% of the total amount of fuel, the peak value is achieved. The influence of the amount of added gas fuel on the calculated gross heat release rate has been determined. The maximum heat release rate does not change significantly. The nature of the combustion process does not change either. In conclusion, findings validate the possibility to achieve up to 30 % higher maximum rated power by adding 56% CNG mass fraction of the total amount of fuel. Provided the amount of CNG is up to 48% of the total amount of fuel, the ICE ecological indicators have not been deteriorated, furthermore the power has been increased by up to 20%.

ANALYSIS AND CHOICE OF DESCRIPTION METHODS FOR PROCESSES OF FATIGUE, CREEP AND LONG TERM STRENGTH FORECASTING FOR HIGH-SPEED FORCED DIESELS PISTONS

The work is devoted to the analysis and choice of description methods for processes of fatigue, creep and long-term strength forecasting of high-speed forced diesel pistons at the initial design stages. The existing description methods for the process of the combustion chamber parts fatigue of high-speed diesel engine are analyzed from the point of view of their use efficiency, especially at the initial design stages. The description methods are also considered for creep process in the material of high-speed engine combustion chamber parts. A method is proposed for estimating of accumulated damage in a piston material under conditions of low-frequency cyclic creep action. The forecasting method is presented for the long-term strength of the piston combustion chamber edge based on the operating model of a high-speed diesel engine, which takes into account the combined effect of low-frequency fatigue and creep on the damage accumulation process. It is proved that it is advisable to use the deformation criteria of fatigue strength to predict durability in the field of low-cycle fatigue.

Characteristics of Bending Stress with Whirling at the Rear End of a Crankshaft in an Inline 4-Cylinder High Speed Diesel Engine

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">As engines become lighter and achieve higher output to meet carbon dioxide emissions targets, it becomes more challenging to design a crankshaft that is both lighter and capable of handling higher loads. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of forces imposed on the crankshaft, and the mechanisms by which stresses are created in the crankshaft. This paper describes the characteristics of bending stresses measured on the rearmost crank pin fillet of a crankshaft. Two basic crankshaft resonant modes are described. Forward crankshaft whirl then has the effect of increasing the system natural frequencies by the stiffening effect, while reverse whirl reduces the system natural frequencies by the softening effect. The effect of whirl grows with increasing engine speed. This results in what appears to be four crankshaft natural frequencies rather than two. The four resonances appear at all non-zero engine speeds. The influence of flywheel mass on the stresses and natural frequencies is also described. It is shown that the bending stress in the crank fillet is proportional to the radial force acting on the crank pin. It is also shown that the direction of whirl affects the amplitude of stress imposed by the radial crank pin force, and that the effect of whirl becomes larger as the flywheel inertia is increased. Because increasing engine speed causes more whirl force and moment, engine speed has an influence on bending stress amplitude. Finally, the paper explains why the ratio of crank stress amplitude to radial force varies as a function of the rotational direction of whirl.</div></div>

A Study on the Modeling Consideration Dynamic Properties of Vibration Damper Rubber Parts

In this paper, we first describe the dynamic characteristics of damper rubber parts that are necessary for the modeling of torsional vibration. Secondly, we describe an experiment in which two crankshaft pulleys with a torsional rubber damper are fitted to a 6-cylinder, high-speed diesel engine. The torsional waveforms of the damper inertia ring and the pulley are measured by means of phase-shift torsiograph equipment. The measured waveforms are harmonically analyzed and the dynamic characteristics of the stiffness and the damping are investigated from an experimental viewpoint. As a result of comparisons with experimental data, certain dynamic characteristics of pulleys with a torsional rubber damper have been clarified.

Cycle-to-Cycle NO and NOx Emissions From a HSDI Diesel Engine

Engine-out NOx emissions from diesel engines continue to be a major topic of research interest. While substantial understanding has been obtained of engine-out (i.e., before any aftertreatment) NOx formation and reduction techniques, not least exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) which is now well established and fitted to production vehicles, much less data are available on cycle resolved NOx emissions. In this work, crank-angle resolved NO and NOx measurements have been taken from a high-speed light duty diesel engine at test conditions both with and without EGR. These have been combined with 1D data of exhaust flow, and this used to form a mass average of NO and NOx emissions per cycle. These results have been compared with combustion data and other emissions. The results show that there is a very strong correlation (R2 > 0.95) between the NOx emitted per cycle and the peak cylinder pressure of that cycle. In addition, the crank-angle resolved NO and NOx measurements also reveal that there is a difference in NO : NO2 ratio (where NO2 is assumed to be the difference between NO and NOx) during the exhaust period, with proportionally more NO2 being emitted during the blowdown period compared to the rest of the exhaust stroke.

Analysis and Simulation Study on Economy of Biodiesel Engine

Reducing harmful diesel emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency has always been hot research point in diesel technology field. The combining CAE technology and testing methods has been adopted for a small high-speed turbocharged CR diesel engine, one dimensional models were established in order to explore and analyse the effects of biodiesel on engine power performance and economic performance. The one dimensional calculation process of biodiesel engine indicates that calculation performance indexes of the established model can agree with the testing data, and the model is accurate. The one dimensional calculation process of biodiesel engine indicates BSFC is higher than that of diesel, but the BSEC is lower than the case. Biodiesel has superior economic performance. The results and approaches can give a theory and application value for the development of biodiesel engine.

Cyclic NO2:NOx ratio from a diesel engine undergoing transient load steps

As the control of real driving emissions continues to increase in importance, the importance of understanding emission formation mechanisms during engine transients similarly increases. Knowledge of the NO2/NOx ratio emitted from a diesel engine is necessary, particularly for ensuring optimum performance of NOx aftertreatment systems. In this work, cycle-to-cycle NO and NOx emissions have been measured using a Cambustion CLD500, and the cyclic NO2/NOx ratio calculated as a high-speed light-duty diesel engine undergoes transient steps in load, while all other engine parameters are held constant across a wide range of operating conditions with and without exhaust gas recirculation. The results show that changes in NO and NOx, and hence NO2/NOx ratio, are instantaneous upon a step change in engine load. NO2/NOx ratios have been observed in line with previously reported results, although at the lightest engine loads and at high levels of exhaust gas recirculation, higher levels of NO2 than have been previously reported in the literature are observed.

A core correlation of spray characteristics, deposit formation, and combustion of a high-speed diesel engine fueled with Jatropha oil and diesel fuel

The benefits and advantages of bio-based fuels according to the research results of scientists and researchers related to the stable maintenance and sustainable development for the purpose of harmonizing the environment and life is an indisputable fact. Experimental studies on the use of bio-based fuels for engines in the long term should be thus thoroughly conducted to obtain the fullest results of economic-technical features and emissions, to name just a few. In this paper, a state-of-the-art analysis on the core correlation based on the trilateral relationship of spray characteristics, combustion, and emissions of a high-speed four-stroke diesel engine running on Jatropha oil (JO) in two cases of preheated and unpreheated in comparison to diesel fuel was investigated and carried out. Tests included two phases: (i)-tests of spray characteristics, analysis of combustion and emissions for engine fueled with preheated JO, unpreheated JO, and DF at the first hour and after 300 h of endurance test for engine, (ii)-analysis of formed deposits in the nozzle orifices and piston crown after 300 h of operation. As a result, huge deposits formed in the injector orifices and piston crown based on optical observation by SEM in case of using unpreheated JO as fuel were found, followed by preheated JO and DF. In addition, a sharp increase in spray penetration length and a significant decrease of cone angle for unpreheated JO compared to preheated JO and DF were also indicated, whereas thermal efficiency of the test engine for preheated JO, unpreheated JO, and DF was reduced by respectively 1.68%, 4.38%, and 0.98% after 300 h of operation. For emission data, negative changes such as a more reduction of NOx along with a higher augment of CO, HC, and smoke with unpreheated JO than those of preheated JO and DF were reported. In closing, core correlation as well as trilateral impacts of accumulated deposits, spray characteristics, and combustion were thoroughly demonstrated and deeply analyzed.

Effects of alternative marine diesel fuels on the exhaust particle size distributions of an off-road diesel engine

The main objective of this study was to find out how alternative fuels affect the exhaust gas particle size distribution. The fuels are later intended for marine applications. Along with low-sulfur marine light fuel oil (LFO), a high-speed off-road diesel engine was fueled by circulation-origin marine gas oil (MGO), rapeseed methyl ester (RME), crude tall oil derived renewable diesel (HVO), the 20/80 vol.-% blend of renewable naphtha and marine LFO, and kerosene. Particle size distributions were measured by means of an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS), but soot, gaseous emissions and the basic engine performance were also determined. During the measurements, the 4-cylinder, turbocharged, intercooled engine was run according to the non-road steady cycle complemented by an additional load point. The engine control parameters were kept constant, and any parameter optimization was not made with the studied fuels. Relative to baseline LFO, both naphtha-LFO blend and RME reduced particle numbers above the size range of 50 nm. Circulation-origin MGO and kerosene generated a high total particle number (TPN), most likely due to their higher sulfur contents. MGO and RME were beneficial in terms of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions while nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were the highest with RME. The differences in smoke emission were negligible.

Experimental recording of unsteady temperatures in the piston of a high-speed diesel engine under transient conditions

Unsteady thermal loads on combustion chamber parts in a supercharged diesel engine dictate their service life. In practice, it is crucial to know the dynamic behaviour of temperatures and their gradients for automobile and tractor diesels that often change their operating conditions during running. Most reliable information can be obtained by experimental recording of temperatures on a test bench during engine tests. This information is used for mathematical modelling of temperature fields and temperature stresses. The objective of this research effort is the experimental recording of unsteady piston temperatures when the diesel load is increased and reduced rapidly. Thermocouples were chosen, and their thermal response was evaluated to increase the accuracy of recording piston temperatures. In addition, locations for installing thermocouples were chosen. A continuous-type current sensor was developed and refined to connect the hot junctions of the thermocouples with the recording instrumentation. The unsteady temperatures of the piston (aluminium alloy AL 25) in a high-speed diesel engine were recorded experimentally. Piston temperatures were recorded for cases when the load was increased and reduced rapidly. Treatment of experimental data has yielded the basic dynamic characteristics of the temperature fields in the diesel piston).

Experimental recording of unsteady temperatures in the piston of a high-speed diesel engine under transient conditions

Unsteady thermal loads on combustion chamber parts in a supercharged diesel engine dictate their service life. In practice, it is crucial to know the dynamic behaviour of temperatures and their gradients for automobile and tractor diesels that often change their operating conditions during running. Most reliable information can be obtained by experimental recording of temperatures on a test bench during engine tests. This information is used for mathematical modelling of temperature fields and temperature stresses. The objective of this research effort is the experimental recording of unsteady piston temperatures when the diesel load is increased and reduced rapidly. Thermocouples were chosen, and their thermal response was evaluated to increase the accuracy of recording piston temperatures. In addition, locations for installing thermocouples were chosen. A continuous-type current sensor was developed and refined to connect the hot junctions of the thermocouples with the recording instrumentation. The unsteady temperatures of the piston (aluminium alloy AL 25) in a high-speed diesel engine were recorded experimentally. Piston temperatures were recorded for cases when the load was increased and reduced rapidly. Treatment of experimental data has yielded the basic dynamic characteristics of the temperature fields in the diesel piston).