High-speed Array Research Articles

Improved spatial filtering velocimetry and its application in granular flow measurement**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11902190), the Construction Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging (Grant No. 18DZ2260400), and the Fund from the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, China (Class II Plateau Disciplinary Construction Program of Medical Technology of SUMHS, 2018-2020).

Spatial filtering velocimetry (SFV) has the advantages of simple structure, good stability, and wide applications. However, the traditional linear CCD-based SFV method requires an accurate angle between the direction of linear CCD and the direction of moving object, so it is not suitable for measuring a complex flow field or two-dimensional speed in a granular media. In this paper, a new extension of spatial filtering method (SFM) based on high speed array CCD camera is proposed as simple and effective technique for measuring two-dimensional speed field of granular media. In particular, we analyzed the resolution and range of array CCD-based SFV so that the reader can clarify the application scene of this method. This method has a particular advantage for using orthogonal measurement to avoid the angle measurement, which were problematic when using linear CCD to measure the movement. Finally, the end-wall effects of the granular flow in rotating drum is studied with different experimental conditions by using this improved technique.

СЕЙСМИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА ЗЕМНОЙ КОРЫ В КОЛЛИЗИОННОЙ ЗОНЕ СИБИРСКОГО КРАТОНА И ВЕРХОЯНО-КОЛЫМСКОЙ СКЛАДЧАТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ (ПРОФИЛЬ 3-ДВ)

The signs of the collisional structure are expressed in the upper crust by the advanced Priverhoyansk forland and local hinterland basins is separated by a high-speed array, most likely of magmatic origin. The boundary of the craton at an angle of about 15 ° is submerged under the crust of the folded system, where the characteristic layer of the craton lower crust at velocity of 6,7–6,9 km /s is absent and the velocity in a whole crust is reduced, as well as along the Moho from 8,3 to 7,9-8,0 km / s.

A COMS High-Speed Array Multiplier Based on (2,2,3) Counters

A COMS High-Speed Array Multiplier Based on (2,2,3) Counters

Liquid Biopsy in the OMICS Era of Tumor Medicine

Liquid biopsy uses noninvasive blood test to assess tumor heterogeneity and evolution in real time. It looks for tumor components in the blood circulation, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), to provide tumor-specific information. By detecting multiplex tumor biomarkers, including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and other tumor-derived substances, liquid biopsy helps with early tumor diagnosis, tumor evolution monitoring, and prognosis prediction. With the development of high-throughput OMICS tools like carbohydrate microarray and high-speed fiber-optic array scanning technology (FAST scan), it is now practical to identify glycan markers of CTCs and cancer stem cells (CSCs), especially those that are cell-surface exposed and readily accessible for immune recognition and targeting. Potential of this class of biomarkers in tumor subtyping and targeted immunotherapy is yet to be explored.

Real-Time Controller Based on FPGA and DSP for Solar Ground Layer Adaptive Optics Prototype System at 1-m NVST

Solar ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO), containing a large field of view (FOV) wavefront sensor (WFS) and one deformable mirror (DM), can be used to reduce and stabilize the seeing effectively over a wide FOV. As the brain of the GLAO system, the real-time controller (RTC) computes the commands to drive the DM according to the average wavefront errors measured by the multi-direction correlating Shack–Hartmann WFS, which is a time-consuming process. A customized RTC based on a high-speed field programming gate array and a multi-core digital signal processor was developed for the solar GLAO prototype system at the 1-m New Vacuum Solar Telescope. Several parallel acceleration techniques are used to reduce the computation time of the RTC. Compared with the previous RTCs, our RTC architecture has nearly no timing jitter. In this paper, the design of the RTC for our solar GLAO prototype will be introduced. The test results of the RTC are also presented. Moreover, the on-sky Sun observational results of the solar GLAO prototype are shown.

Line-field swept-source optical coherence tomography system for near infrared spectral region

Subject of Research. The system for line-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) for near infrared spectral range is considered. In this connection, for tomograms visualization, frequency of signal acquisition not less than 20 kHz is needed. It is inaccessible for 2D photo sensitive arrays. In order to solve this problem, it has been proposed to use the line array of photo detectors, which frame registration frequency reaches tens of kilohertz. Method. Peculiarity of the method consists in using illumination of an object under investigation by light intensity distribution in the form of line for providing maximum energy efficiency of optical system. In addition, it becomes possible to obtain B-scans without a need in lateral object scanning that increases the rate of formation and imaging of tomograms. Main Results. The OCT optical system using a high-speed array of photodetectors has been developed; aberration analysis has been carried out. Experimental investigations based on Linnik micro interferometer optical scheme has been carried out. Tomograms of different samples have been obtained. Practical Relevance. Тhe obtained results can be accepted as a basis for creation of compact high performance OCT system without lateral mechanical scanning.

Abstract LB-C08: Exploring glycan markers for immunotyping and precision-targeting of breast circulating tumor cells (CTCs)

Abstract Recognition of abnormal glycosylation in virtually every cancer type has raised great interest in exploration of the tumor glycome for biomarker discovery. Identifying glycan markers of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represents a new development in tumor biomarker discovery. The aim of this study was to establish an experimental approach to enable rapid screening of CTCs for glycan marker identification and characterization. We applied carbohydrate microarrays and a high-speed fiber-optic array scanning technology (FASTcell) to explore potential glycan markers of breast CTCs (bCTCs) and targeting antibodies. An anti-tumor monoclonal antibody, HAE3-C1 (C1), was identified as a key immunological probe in this study. In our carbohydrate microarray analysis, C1 was found to be highly specific for an O-glycan cryptic epitope, gpC1. Using FASTcell technology, we established a procedure to quantify expression levels of gpC1 in tumor cells. In blood samples from five Stage IV metastatic breast cancer patients, the gpC1 positive CTCs were detected in all subjects; approximately 40% of bCTCs were strongly gpC1 positive. Interestingly, the CTCs from a triple-negative breast cancer patient with multiple sites of metastasis were predominantly gpC1 positive (92.5%, 37/40 CTCs). Taken together, we present here a practical approach to examine rare cell expression of glycan markers. Using this approach, we identified an O-core glyco-determinant gpC1 as a potential immunological target of bCTCs. Given its bCTC-expression profile, this target warrants an extended investigation in a larger cohort of breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Lidia C. Sambucetti, Xiaohe Liu, Ben Hsieh, Richard Bruce, George Somlo, Jiaoti Huang, Denong Wang. Exploring glycan markers for immunotyping and precision-targeting of breast circulating tumor cells (CTCs). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr LB-C08.

Image monitoring of pharmaceutical blending processes and the determination of an end point by using a portable near-infrared imaging device based on a polychromator-type near-infrared spectrometer with a high-speed and high-resolution photo diode array detector.

In the present study we have developed a new version (ND-NIRs) of a polychromator-type near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer with a high-resolution photo diode array detector, which we built before (D-NIRs). The new version has four 5 W halogen lamps compared with the three lamps for the older version. The new version also has a condenser lens with a shorter focal point length. The increase in the number of the lamps and the shortening of the focal point of the condenser lens realize high signal-to-noise ratio and high-speed NIR imaging measurement. By using the ND-NIRs we carried out the in-line monitoring of pharmaceutical blending and determined an end point of the blending process. Moreover, to determinate a more accurate end point, a NIR image of the blending sample was acquired by means of a portable NIR imaging device based on ND-NIRs. The imaging result has demonstrated that the mixing time of 8 min is enough for homogeneous mixing. In this way the present study has demonstrated that ND-NIRs and the imaging system based on a ND-NIRs hold considerable promise for process analysis.

Remote Data Recorder Design Based on Embedded Linux

Radar, aerospace and wireless communications have a lot of demand for high-speed data acquisition and storage, in these applications, there is a need to control data collection and storage remotely, so researching safe, reliable, real-time remote data recorder is very meaningful. Based on Compact PCI IPC, putting ADC and data acquisition front-end into the chassis, using a dedicated PCI bus interface chip, to transmit data via Compact PCI backplane and record data to high-speed disk array. The platform use embedded Linux operating system to control high-speed and data acquisition. Users can manage data remotely by developing the data acquisition card driver and application software.

Fabrication method of low f-number microlens arrays by using surface coating and epoxy dispensing technology

We describe a fabrication method for arrays of microlenses of low f-number by using a surface coating and dispensing technology. We demonstrate how to achieve a low f-number by selectively changing the surface wettability, as well as how to precisely control the f-number through control of the dispensing time. This advance enables the fabrication of arrays of microlenses with diameters varying from 400 to 1400 μm, f-number as low as 0.95. In addition, the optical performance tests indicate that this method is suitable for high performance microlens array fabrication. This dispensing technology may be low cost and allow fast fabrication of high-speed microlens arrays, and may thus be particularly useful for biologically inspired advanced optical systems.

低曝光条件下遥感相机微振动量检测

To deal with the effect of flutter of carrying platform on remote sensing camera,motion estimation algorithm can be used to the image sequences taken by auxiliary high-speed array CCD camera during exposure to estimate the vibration. Pixel binnng is proposed to compensate the time of exposure and to improve the brightness and contrast as well as SNR of the images. And a region selection algorithm is used to select the image region by which we can estimate the displacement using gray projection algorithm. The experiment results show that the error is 1 pixel by utilizing the improved algorithm,which greatly enhance the accuracy and stability.

The Study of Production Process System of New Multi-Feature Continuous Reel Soft Pack Trademarks

Continuous reel low weight and multi-color soft pack trademarks are used in the high-speed large-volume packaging production process during some new production process. However, most of the existing equipments in the factory are discrete single production machine. Therefore the production process of multi-feature continuous reel soft pack trademarks is needed to be solved urgently. Multi-feature continuous reel soft pack trademark set printing color clarity, color graded accuracy, trademarks pattern and text position accuracy in one. Disposable multi-point high-precision positioning technology, flat local heat transfer technology and digital intermittent control technology are used to achieve continuous reel trademarks high-precision double location synchronization hot stamping. That is, multiple convex word and laser holographic anti-counterfeit pattern intermittent synchronization hot stamping. Machine vision inspection system scan each pixel of trademark with high-speed CCD array and collect it into a computer database for comparison with the standard sample. The defects are recorded by electronic coordinates, building electron stripping system and removing unqualified trademarks, a set of production process system of new continuous reel soft pack trademarks is achieved. This research provides a theoretical basis for technological transformation of enterprises and products the new packaging production, completes its corresponding transformation and crafts integration. It could help enterprise form a new production process system.

Optimization of an Optoelectronics-Based Plant Real-Time Discrimination Sensor for Precision Agriculture

We present a novel design for an optoelectronics- based real-time plant discrimination sensor, which enables a high signal-to-noise ratio, and hence a low false positive rate, to be attained. The sensor employs graded thin film coatings and a high-speed photodetector array in conjunction with a solar spectral filter and 3-wavelength sequentially driven laser module to generate multiple uniformly distributed laser spots of uniform optical power distribution. Plant discrimination is achieved through the measurements of the slope of the spectral response at discrete wavelengths as well as the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The maximisation of the optical signal to noise ratio achieved by employing a custom designed optical band-pass filter minimises the daylight background noise saturating the photodetectors, thus enabling plant identification to be carried out with a background light intensity as high as 10,000 lux without implementing any shade construction.

Designs of Low-Power High-Speed Array Multiplier Based on MOS Current Mode Logic

Designs of Low-Power High-Speed Array Multiplier Based on MOS Current Mode Logic

Metal Oxide Thin Film Phototransistor for Remote Touch Interactive Displays

The photoresponse characteristics of metal-oxide (MeO) semiconductor photosensors have been studied. Compared to the amorphous-Si-based photo-TFT, the MeO photo-TFT demonstrates superior EQE and responsivity. However, due to its inherent slow recovery to the dark state after the illumination is stopped, a unique sensing scheme suitable for the high-speed array operation is used, yet maintaining a simple array architecture as a solution for large-area interactive displays.

A novel method for spatially complex diffraction‐limited photoactivation and photobleaching in living cells

Photoactivated probes have gained interest as experimental tools to study intracellular signalling pathways all the way to the molecular level. However technical limitations of the means to activate such compounds have put constraints on their use in spatially highly restricted subcellular areas. The Mosaic digital illumination system uses a high-speed array of individually addressable, tiltable micromirrors to direct continuous-wave laser light onto a specimen with diffraction-limited precision. The system, integrated into a Nikon A1R confocal microscope, was used to uncage Ca²⁺ or IP3 and conduct photobleaching experiments from multiple geometrically complex subcellular regions while simultaneously measuring [Ca²⁺]i with high-speed confocal imaging.

Spatially Complex Diffraction-Limited Photolysis of Caged Calcium and IP3 Combined with High-Speed Confocal Imaging

The novel Mosaic digital illumination system (Photonic Instruments/Andor Group) integrated into a Nikon A1R confocal microscope was used to uncage Ca (DM-nitrophen, NP-EGTA) or IP3 from multiple geometrically complex (Fig.) diffraction-limited subcellular regions and simultaneously measure [Ca]i with high-speed 2-dimensional confocal imaging (430 fps). The Mosaic System uses a computer controlled spatial light modulator to map a diffraction limited mask onto the specimen plane. A Digital Micromirror Device, consisting of a high speed array of hinge-mounted individually addressable, tiltable microscopic mirrors, directs continuous wave laser light (405 nm) onto the image plane according the user-defined diffraction limited mask. Local uncaging of Ca from multiple small regions of interest (0.63 micrometer diameter) generated artificial Ca sparks outside the cell and produced CICR inside permeabilized cardiac myocytes. Uncaging Ca from a 0.63x10 micrometer region triggered CICR and propagating Ca waves. Subsarcolemmal uncaging of IP3 initiated propagating Ca waves that originated within the region of uncaging, and caused increased peak amplitude of electrically evoked Ca transients and Ca alternans, suggesting that in cardiac myocytes Ca release from IP3 recpetors primes ryanodine receptor Ca release channels and enhances CICR.

InP-Based Long-Wavelength VCSELs and VCSEL Arrays

Long-wavelength, InP-based, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with buried tunnel junction (LW-BTJ-VCSELs) and VCSEL arrays are presented. Emitting at the telecommunications wavelengths around 1.3 and 1.55 mum, these devices show high modulation bandwidth in excess of 10 GHz over a wide temperature range. Small-signal equivalent circuits for the parasitic and intrinsic response are given. Various data-transmission experiments are performed with data rates up to 12.5 Gb/s over different fiber channels. 1-D LW-BTJ-VCSEL arrays can be used in wavelength-division multiplexing systems for high bandwidth per fiber channel. 2-D high-speed arrays with 64 individually addressable channels are presented that are particularly suited for optical ultrabroadband interconnects. Furthermore, large-scale arrays are investigated for high-power applications. In a detailed investigation, we derive scaling rules considering the influence of aperture, array size, and pitch on laser power. At room temperature, optical output powers in the watt regime have been realized at 1.55 mum. Divergence angles are as low as 13deg-17deg full-width at half-maximum. Wall plug efficiencies in excess of 20% over a wide current range and high-temperature operation up to 80degC are obtained.

Ray Tracing of CMP Antenna Array GPR System

There is much interest in vehicle mounted array GPR systems for landmine detec- tion and work is being carried out on various national, because high speed array GPR systems can sweep a large area in a relatively short time to improve performance and e-ciency. We devel- oped the vehicle mounted stepped-frequency (SF) CMP antenna array GPR system. The system has three pairs of Vivaldi antennas that conflgure a symmetrical CMP antenna array. Based on this conflguration, multi-ofiset CMP data gather can be acquired at every measurement posi- tion. Migration is an important signal processing method that can improve signal-clutter ratio and reconstruct subsurface image. Difiraction stacking migration and Kirchhofi migration sum amplitudes along the migration trajectory that generally is hyperbolic. But when the ground surface varies acutely, we have to modify the migration trajectory by the technique of ray tracing. We compute the travel time between transmitter, receiver and each subsurface scattering point, and search the propagation ray depending on the Fermat's principle. The method is tested by an experiment data acquired by the SF CMP antenna array GPR system. The target is a metal ball that is buried under a sand mound. A nice result of ray tracing is shown in the case.

A SEMI-PHYSICAL SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR DBF TRANSMITTER ARRAY ON LEO SATELLITE

This paper presents a semi-physical simulation system for 61-channel DBF array transmitter antenna on LEO satellite. It consists of a hardware platform for digital beamfoming network (BFN) and a software simulation system for DBF array. The background and wideband input interface are described, and the signal process of digital beamforming network is discussed in detail. General DFT fllter bank, distributed arithmetic (DA) algorithm and Hartley image rejection structure are adopted to design the digital BFN, which make the calculation of BFN reduced by 98.41% and get the multiplier consumption decreased to 7.11%, compared with conventional algorithms. A novel digital BFN hardware platform with distributed structure is designed, which can complete the high speed array signal processing with maximum throughput of 32.025Gbps. Ultimately, the measurements of semi-physical simulation system show good agreement with the ideal simulation result. The derivation of radiation pattern from energy distribution of earth's surface demonstrates that the DBF array has good performance on beam coverage with equal ∞ux density and satisfles the application in mobile satellite communication.