High Self-esteem Research Articles

From job crafting to job quitting? Testing a wise proactivity perspective

PurposeThis study investigates when and for whom job crafting may turn into job quitting. The authors hypothesize that approach job crafting relates more positively to turnover intentions and subsequent voluntary job changes among employees with (a) high (vs low) need for career challenges and (b) those with high (vs low) self-esteem.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 575 employees of a large public organization in the Netherlands with two measurement moments three months apart. Hypotheses were tested using cross-lagged regression analyses and path modeling.FindingsSupporting the hypotheses, approach crafting related positively to an increase in turnover intentions only among employees with high need for challenge or high self-esteem. Moreover, via turnover intentions at Time 1, approach crafting related positively to the voluntary job change at Time 2 for employees with (a) high need for challenge, as well as those with (b) high self-esteem. These findings held after controlling for avoidance crafting.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has been conducted in a relatively homogenous sample. Future research may test the predictions in a more heterogeneous sample, including participants from different cultural and economic contexts.Practical implicationsThe authors advise human resource (HR) professionals to facilitate the job crafting efforts of employees with a high need for challenge and those with high self-esteem because these groups are particularly at risk of voluntarily quitting their jobs. Adopting insights from the wise proactivity model may help ensure that job crafting benefits both employees and employers.Originality/valueThis study brings clarity to the inconsistent relationships between job crafting and job quitting by using the wise proactivity model as an explanatory framework.

Characteristics of Adolescents in the Alpha (Digital) Generation Era Who Have High Self Esteem

The transition period of a teenager will show several changes marked by physical and psychological changes, free will from power, curiosity, finding self-identity, forming peer groups, and so on so adolescence is the period that most determines the development of self-esteem. Self-esteem is an individual's assessment of himself based on the individual's relationship with others. Characteristics of adolescents in the alpha (Digital) generation who have high self-esteem, namely being able to face adversity and adversity in life more steadfastly and being able to resist failure and despair, adolescents tend to be ambitious, tend to be more creative in work and suggestions for achieving success and have a greater likelihood of building relationships that looks and rejoices in the face of reality. Teenagers also know themselves with all their limitations and are not ashamed of these limitations, and make limitations a challenge to develop. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of adolescents in the era of the alpha (Digital) generation who have high Self-Esteem. The method used in this research is Library Research, namely research with a series of activities related to methods of collecting library data, reading, taking notes, and processing research materials. Research (Library Research) is research in which the object is sought with various library information such as books, scientific journals, newspapers, and documents. The process of collecting data through 3 important processes, namely editing, organizing, and finding.

The mediating role of preference for online interactions in the relationship between self-knowledge and problematic use of social networks

The present research investigated the relationships between two self-concept variables (i.e., discrepant self-esteem and low self-concept clarity) and problematic use of social networking sites (SNs). Based on earlier evidence, we expected that these relationships would be mediated by one’s preference for online interactions. A sample of 176 Italian teenagers (71% female, Mage = 16.81 years) completed self-reported questionnaires that assessed their implicit and explicit self-esteem, self-concept clarity, problematic SNs use, and loneliness (to statistically control for its influence). Our hypotheses were supported only in the case of low self-concept clarity, not in the case of discrepant self-esteem. We found problematic SNs use in the case of teens with low self-concept clarity and convergent high self-esteem (i.e., high implicit and high explicit self-esteem), and these relationships were mediated by the preference for online interactions. These results suggest that the preference for online interactions is an important mediator variable that should be considered as a change mechanism in the relationships between self-concept variables and problematic SNs usage.

Level of social adaptation in children with down syndrome depending on verbal communication ability

Down syndrome, like other syndromes associated with mental pathology that occur and develop in childhood and/or adolescence, often prevent the normal adaptation of the individual in society. Children with Down syndrome are often anxious, timid, misunderstand the intentions of others, and therefore misinterpret them and react inappropriately; social skills in such children are often underdeveloped. Detachment from peers and social isolation can reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs for children with Down syndrome and deepen cognitive and affective deficits in children with this disease. The aim of the study was to determine the level of social adaptation depending on the ability to verbal communication in children with Down syndrome. The research was carried out on the basis of the National Medical Center of ZOR, 97 children with Down's syndrome were thoroughly examined. The patients were divided into two groups according to the criterion of the ability to verbal communication: group 1 (G1) included 77 children capable of verbal communication, group 2 (G2) — 20 children who do not speak. As a result of the research, the level of social adaptation was determined depending on the ability to verbal communication in children with Down syndrome. Both in G1 and in G2, a normal level of adaptability, emotional comfort and manageability was revealed, which generally indicates a feeling of inner peace in a familiar environment and a high level of satisfaction with one's own microsocial environment. In G1 and G2, there was a decrease in the indicators of maladjustment, self-rejection, rejection of others, emotional discomfort, which can be interpreted as a decrease in the level of criticism of both oneself and others in both groups, regardless of the ability to speak. In G1, significantly higher levels of self-acceptance and internal control were found, which indicates higher self-esteem and the ability to independently solve difficult life situations in children with Down syndrome who are able to speak. In G2, a significant decrease in indicators of external control and escapism was established, which may be the result of a more gentle and careful attitude towards children with Down syndrome who are not capable of verbal communication. Key words: Down syndrome, social adaptation, social anxiety, psychocorrection, children psychiatry

Evaluation of Oral Health Related Quality of Life in a Group of Dental Students enrolled in Cairo University: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: The oral health affects every person’s emotional and social experience and physical functioning; therefore, even on the level of the undergraduate students those with better dental appearance and proper dental function have higher self-esteem and social acceptance than those with dental and/ or oral problems.
 Aim: This study aims to evaluate the Oral Health Related Quality of Life among a group of undergraduate dental students using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire.
 Methods: The short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14) was used to evaluate Oral Health Quality of Life on dental students. Oral and dental diseases’ experienced were also evaluated across the perceived quality of life to find out whether a correlation existed. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 26 for Windows. Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages and were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test.
 Results: Among the 346 participants 237 (68.5%) were females, and 109 (31.5%) were males. Their mean age was (20.83±1.83), and most of them were Egyptians 255 (73.7%). The mean of total OHIP-14 score for the studied sample was 12.95±9.80. The highest scores were found with physical pain (3.25±2.04), psychological discomfort (3.03±2.36) and psychological disability (2.04±2.00).
 Conclusion: The mean OHIP-14 total score is considered relatively higher than other populations. The most prevalent impact was reported in both the physical pain and psychological discomfort domains.
 Keywords Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Dental students. Oral Health Impact Profile-14.

The Significance of Digital Citizenship and Gender in the Relationship between Social Media Usage Time and Self-Esteem among Adolescents: A Secondary Analysis.

This study examined the significance of digital citizenship and gender in the relationship between social media usage time and self-esteem among adolescents. This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis using national data on 506 Korean adolescents acquired from the 2020 Korea Media Panel Survey. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro. We found that the moderated moderating effects of digital citizenship and gender on the relationship between social media usage time and self-esteem were significant. Both boys and girls had higher self-esteem in groups with higher digital citizenship than in groups with lower digital citizenship. The relationship between social media usage time and self-esteem for boys was positive in the high digital citizenship group and negative in the low digital citizenship group. Conversely, for girls, the relationship between social media usage time and self-esteem was positive in the low digital citizenship group and negative in the high digital citizenship group. It is important to take a differentiated approach that considers the relationship between digital citizenship and gender to promote healthy digital media use and positive self-esteem.

Description of Social Media Use and Self-Esteem of Adolescents in Makassar City

Adolescence is a crucial period of time and very challenging period. There is an increase concern on how social media use and mental health of teenagers. In Makassar City, there is a high number of mental health in adolescence yet still rare research has been conducted to investigates about social media use and self-esteem on teenagers. The aim of this study is to give a description on how adolescence behaviour on social media use and their level of self-esteem. This research uses a quantitative study with descriptive study design. The participant was selected based on some inclusion criteria such as teenagers’ age 16-18 years old, able to speak Bahasa, stay in Makassar City and willingly to become participant. The participant was determined by using non-probability sampling using convenience sampling method. There are 118 participants on this research. Three types of instruments were used; demography questionnaire, intensity of social media use and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. From 118 participants, 19 were male and 99 were female. There are 42 respondents spend more than 6 hours on social media, and 54 respondents spend 2-6 hours on social media per day. Most of the respondents use their social media for see feed (20%), give like (14%), stalking (9%), news sharing (9%) and give comment (6%). Most of the respondents have high social media use (70 respondents) and low self-esteem (66 respondents). Social media use is quite high among teenagers in Makassar City and the self-esteem is mostly low. Thus, it is important to investigate the relationship of social media use and self-esteem so that it can give a comprehensive understanding on adolescence’s mental health and wellbeing in Makassar City

A Mixed Method Exploration of Gender, Self-Esteem, Narcissistic Traits, and Aggression in a Youth Justice Sample

The relationship between gender, self-esteem, narcissistic traits, and aggression was evaluated in a sample of justice-impacted youth (JIY). Forty-two audio-recorded interviews ( n = 21 boys; n = 21 girls) with equal representation of low, moderate, and high self-esteem scoring JIY were selected. Narcissistic features could be reliably coded retrospectively; common features included: arrogance, interpersonal exploitation, and lack of empathy or shame. No gender differences emerged in feature frequency or type. Correlational analyses revealed that narcissistic traits were significantly correlated with self-report measures of aggression; only girls evidenced this relationship. A potential gendered relationship between narcissistic features and aggression merits further investigation.

Ordinal Conditional Entropy Displays Reveal Intrinsic Characteristics of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.

Individual subjects' ratings neither are metric nor have homogeneous meanings, consequently digital- labeled collections of subjects' ratings are intrinsically ordinal and categorical. However, in these situations, the literature privileges the use of measures conceived for numerical data. In this paper, we discuss the exploratory theme of employing conditional entropy to measure degrees of uncertainty in responding to self-rating questions and that of displaying the computed entropies along the ordinal axis for visible pattern recognition. We apply this theme to the study of an online dataset, which contains responses to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. We report three major findings. First, at the fine scale level, the resultant multiple ordinal-display of response-vs-covariate entropy measures reveals that the subjects on both extreme labels (high self-esteem and low self-esteem) show distinct degrees of uncertainty. Secondly, at the global scale level, in responding to positively posed questions, the degree of uncertainty decreases for increasing levels of self-esteem, while, in responding to negative questions, the degree of uncertainty increases. Thirdly, such entropy-based computed patterns are preserved across age groups. We provide a set of tools developed in R that are ready to implement for the analysis of rating data and for exploring pattern-based knowledge in related research.

“Will Active Learning Experience Make You Better?” The Effect of Active Learning on Generation Z’s Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, and Food Choice Wiseness at School

Reaching the age of adolescence, children need sufficient nutrients to grow rightly. Nevertheless, dietary habit in children has been extensively found to be ill-considered as many of them have not been able to distinguish nutritional ingredients in food. Mastering nutrition and growing a habit of healthy eating is imperative regarding their better future. This research aimed to examine whether a particular learning method (active vs. passive) would lead to wiser food choices, better self-efficacy, and higher self-esteem. The study case took the secondary students in LabSchool, Jakarta in 2018. Experimental research with a factorial design is employed in the research design. The experiment involved 227 samples of Generation Z. One group was assigned to a hands-on cooking class model (active learning) while the other half as the control group was assigned to a cooking demonstration (passive learning) class model. The result of this research implied that students who are exposed to hands-on cooking classes (active learning) show a healthier shift in their wiseness towards preferring healthy food. The limitation of the study was time and resources. It is suggested in that the future the researcher may extend the experiment’s duration and give more variations of samples to comprehend larger knowledge.

The Effect of Sports Activities on The Self-Esteem of Socially Excluded Men

Background. Self-esteem is one characteristic of personality, a construct of self-confidence, self-respect, and harmonious interaction with oneself (Breslin, Leavey, 2019). Research devoted to the analysis of men's self-esteem reveals that a positive self-evaluation of men requires an image of a physically active man, which the man could compare with other men who demonstrate physical strength (Conzelmann, Schmidt, 2019). A man's physical self-perception is part of the assessment of a physically healthy and strong person and an aspect that ensures his sociality (Crawford, 2017). Scientific research establishes clear links between a man's physical attractiveness (Anderson-Butcher, 2019), sociability and self-esteem (Anderson, White, 2017). Men who systematically engage in active physical activity are physically healthier and more attractive (Burrmann, 2018). They are also emotionally more stable, their emotional self-control is more focused and their self-confidence is higher (El Ghali, 2018).
 Aim of the research. To reveal the effect of sports activities on the self-esteem of men experiencing social exclusion.
 Methods. To determine men's self-esteem changes The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was chosen, and the Data were processed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), version 22.0.
 Results. A study in which men experiencing social exclusion participated in independent and team sports activities for half a year revealed a positive change in their self-esteem. When analyzing the changes in men's self-esteem before and after the activities, the distance between the estimates of the Rosenberg test before the experiment and 6 months after it ended is 1 standard deviation on the z-scale of the standard normal distribution. According to Cohen's concept of effective size, such a difference between standardized means can be considered as large. Despite the relatively small sample (N=30), the test met the very strict condition of statistical reliability (p≤0.001).
 Conclusion. The study revealed that when socially excluded men were included in sports activities held for half a year, their self-esteem changed from 15 points (low self-esteem) to 25-30 points (high self-esteem).
 Keywords: social exclusion, self-esteem, sports activities

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, SELF-ESTEEM, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN STOMATIZED PATIENTS

The prospective study of Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 2022 to January 2023 to assess the impact of intestinal stomas on patients' quality of life and nutritional status. Patients of both genders, aged > 18 years, having intestinal stoma, were included. A total of 100 participants were included in the study. A questionnaire including demographic details, information regarding the stoma, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale/UNIFESP-EPM quality of Life Scale was used to collect data.59 respondents had low self-esteem (<15), having a mean Score of 0.56; 11 had normal self-esteem with a mean value of 0.64, and 30 had high self-esteem (>25), having a mean of 0.62. A significant association and positive correlation existed between self-esteem and nutritional status (P= 0.04). Linear regression analysis showed a significant association between nutritional status and duration of stoma (P=0.011), type of stoma (P=0.05), monthly income (P=0.01), and number of meals/day (P=0.002). Moreover, there was a significant difference between median QoL – SeSi scores of urostomy patients (Mdn=18.5) compared to those who had a stoma (Mdn=16.5) or an inflamed appendix (16.0) (P= 0.04). Analysis of QoL-FF Score (relation with friends and family) showed urostomy patients (Mdn = 34.5) had substantially higher ratings than colostomy patients (median = 33.5, p = 0.02), and ileostomy patients (Mdn = 32.0, p = 0.025). There was no discernible difference between colostomy as well as ileostomy ratings. It was concluded that stoma patients' quality of life, self-esteem, and nutritional status are interconnected.

미래시간조망이 자아존중감에 미치는 영향: 한국 청년세대와 노년세대 간 비교를 중심으로

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of future time perspective on self-esteem among Korean young and
 older adults. The participants were young adults aged from 20 to 29 (n=157) and older adults aged 60 or older (n=150). Hierarchical regression
 analyses were conducted. After adjusting for covariates, the results showed that age group moderated the relationship between future time
 perspective and self-esteem. The test of a conditional effect of age group demonstrated that young and older adults who reported higher
 levels of future time perspective tended to have higher self-esteem. Our findings suggest that adopting an open-ended future time perspective
 could positively impact the self-esteem of both young and older adults in South Korea. In addition, based on our findings, we shed light
 on the role of future time perspective as a psychological intervention to enhance self-esteem among young and older adults in South Korea.

Self-esteem among Individuals with Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review.

Self-esteem is important for decision making, emotional health, and overall well-being. In individuals with hearing loss (HL), self-esteem may vary due to degree of HL, hearing devices, academic set-ups and communication strategies used by family members. This study aimed to systematically review the impact of hearing loss on self-esteem. A systematic search was conducted to identify the studies focusing on self-esteem of the individuals with HL. Four electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL, were used. Title screening and abstract reading were performed by two independent authors. Appropriate studies were considered for full-length reading. The references of the obtained articles were manually searched to identify eligible studies. A mixed-methods appraisal tool was used to critically appraise the included studies. Out of 1219, twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Individuals with HL exposed to total communication had a positive impact on self-esteem. Interestingly, hearing competence of parents and siblings was linked with their self-esteem. Children with HL have higher self-esteem than normal-hearing children. Children with HL attending mainstream schooling and using cochlear implants had positive and higher self-esteem. Further, higher education level, employment, and marital status were effectively associated with self-esteem. Positive self-esteem intensely improves mental and emotional well-being. Appropriate and timely provided rehabilitation accompanied by family support can induce healthier and more fulfilling social life. Additionally, healthy self-esteem can empower individuals with HL to engage in social activities diligently. To sum up, early intervention and family participation are required to improve overall quality of life.

The role of self-esteem on nomophobia with extraversion personality as a moderating variable

Nomophobia is an individual’s propensity to use smartphones excessively, resulting in feelings of anxiety and panic when away from their devices. Individuals with high self-esteem are typically affable and optimistic, and vice versa. Smartphones are used to escape their disdain for themselves or as a platform for expressing emotions directly or via social media. People who use smartphones excessively in every aspect of their lives will develop a physical dependence on them and become anxious and concerned when they cannot access them. This study examines the relationship between self-esteem and nomophobia using extraversion as a moderating variable. A total of 105 individuals between 18 and 24 were selected using the quota sampling method to participate in this study. The regression test results demonstrate the role of the two predictor variables in extraversion. Moreover, based on the PROCESS model 4 developed by Hayes, it was discovered that the extraversion personality variable had a minor potential to moderate the relationship between self-esteem and nomophobia, thereby providing a buffering effect despite this potential. The frequency of moderation is 0.102, or 10.20%. This indicates that extraversion moderates the impact of self-esteem on nomophobia by 10.20%

Self-esteem and Locus of Control as Predictors of Academic Achievement: A Study Among Graduate Students

Background Earlier researchers have explored the individual impacts of locus of control and self-esteem on academic as well as nonacademic success. But limited attention was given to their interplay within a university context. By integrating these variables into a unified framework, a more comprehensive understanding of the learning processes of university students can be achieved, which can further help in developing strategies to improve the overall learning outcome and come out as successful individuals. Purpose The aim of this study is to find out the contribution of locus of control and self-esteem toward academic achievement at graduation and across various demographic factors—socioeconomic status, family type, age, and different streams of graduation). Methods The sample consists of MBA students ( n = 200) coming from different graduation streams, both male and female, in the age group of 21–27 years. Data was collected through the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Rotter’s Locus of control. A descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results Sixty-two percent had an internal locus of control, and 38% had an external locus of control. Forty-one percent had low self-esteem, and 59% had high self-esteem. There was a significant correlation between self-esteem, locus of control, and academic achievement. Self-esteem and locus of control totally predicted 41% of the variation in academic achievement, with self-esteem and locus of control both being stronger factors to predict academic achievement. Area (rural, urban), family type (nuclear, joint), and academic scores have a strong correlation with locus of control and self-esteem. Conclusion MBA students are the future leaders. For them to be successful leaders, interventions can be designed to increase self-esteem, which would help them have faith in their abilities and achieve their objectives by taking responsibility for the outcome of challenging situations.

Influencing factors of sense of responsibility among undergraduate nursing students: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundNursing students are critical in responding to public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. Their ability to fulfill their responsibilities is influenced by their sense of responsibility, which holds profound cultural significance, particularly in traditional Chinese culture. However, limited research has specifically explored the sense of responsibility among undergraduate nursing students in China and globally. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the sense of responsibility among undergraduate nursing students and identify potential factors associated with it. Design, setting & participantsWe conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 526 nursing students from June to July 2022 in Guizhou province in southwest China. MethodsParticipants completed the General Information Questionnaire, Sense of Responsibility, and Self-esteem Scale. We analyzed the relationship between a sense of responsibility and self-esteem using Spearman correlation analysis. Then we determined factors that affect undergraduate nursing students' sense of responsibility using multiple linear stepwise regression. ResultsNursing students' total sense of responsibility scores were 96(84,106). The study found a positive association between self-esteem and a sense of responsibility (r = 0.433, P < 0.001) and its four dimensions: altruism (r = 0.381, P < 0.001), self-control (r = 0.378, P < 0.001), courage (r = 0.300, p < 0.001), and commitment (r = 0.361, P < 0.001). Self-esteem (β = 1.532, p < 0.001), personality (extroverted personality β = 7.263, P < 0.001; neutral personality β = 3.221, P = 0.029), and social practice experience (β = −3.156, P = 0.010) significantly influenced undergraduate nursing students' sense of responsibility (R2 = 0.268, F = 17.065, P < 0.001). ConclusionsThe study highlights the importance of nursing students' sense of responsibility and suggests room for improvement in its level. Higher self-esteem was associated with a stronger sense of responsibility. Additionally, self-esteem, personality, and social practice experience emerged as significant influencing factors. Nursing educators should prioritize students' sense of responsibility and explore targeted interventions, such as social practice activities, particularly for students with low self-esteem and introversion.

Medical Examinations of Children and Adolescents to Fulfill the Sports Standards of the “Ready for Labor and Defense” Complex

Introduction: The organization of medical support for the implementation of the standards of the All-Russian physical culture and sports complex “Ready for Labor and Defense” (“RLD”) in children’s clinics on the territory of the Republic of Komi (RK) is carried out in order to develop a physical culture among the population. Patients and methods: The analysis of the results of 2652 medical examinations of children and adolescents to comply with the standards of the “RLD” in the State budgetary healthcare institution of the Republic of Komi “Syktyvkar Children’s Clinic No. 3” (“SChCl No. 3”) in 2016-2022 was carried out. The significance of differences in quantitative characteristics between groups with a normal distribution of quantitative variables was calculated using Student’s t-tests for independent samples. The threshold value of the probability of error for statistically significant differences was set at a level equal to 0.05. The frequency ratio was calculated per 10,000-child population. The depth of the study was 7 years. Results: Among patients who applied for examination only 2604 people (98.85 ± 0.21%) were allowed to pass sports standards. The FC of those who applied was 138.44 per 10,000 children, and the FC of those admitted was 135.94. The proportion of patients of “SChCl No. 3”, who were assigned the main medical group for physical education ranged over the years from 87.37 ± 1.47% in 2017 to 98.86 ± 0.34% in 2019 and on average for 7 years amounted to 94.19 ± 0.45%. That is, almost 90% of those examined are children without health and physical development disorders, but with possible functional disorders that do not lag behind their peers in physical development and physical fitness. They are allowed to study in full according to the curriculum of physical education using preventive technologies, preparation, and passing tests of individual physical fitness. Conclusion: The average annual quantitative indicator of those who applied for certification to pass the standards of the “RLD” is a statistical tool, on the one hand, to determine the current and future workload of medical personnel and determine the forces and means of medical support, on the other hand, an indirect indicator of the interest of children and adolescents in systematic physical education and sports, instilling in schoolchildren the skills of a healthy lifestyle and the prospects for the physical development of the nation. The frequency of examinations per 10,000 of the child population should be considered as an indirect marker for assessing the physical development of children and adolescents since it is not the result of a continuous, but only selective (at the request of those who applied) research. The voluntary surrender of the “RLD” standards by children and adolescents should be approached as an indicator of physical readiness and high personal self-esteem, including psychological readiness for competitive relations in the school and adolescent environment and psychological maturity.

The Roles of Age-Morphing Technology in Enhancing Individuals’ Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Intentions: The Moderating Effects of Self-Esteem

This study examined whether exposing individuals to an age-morphed image of their future selves has positive impacts on physical activity and healthy eating intentions depending on the level of self-esteem. In this study, a 2 (type of future self: age-morphed image vs. simple imagination of future self) × 2 (self-esteem: low vs. high) experimental design was used, where the type of future self was manipulated while self-esteem was measured. The results suggested that individuals with high self-esteem exposed to future selves via age-morphing technology more concretely perceived their future selves and thus showed greater intention to engage in physical activity in the future than those who simply imagined their future selves. Meanwhile, the positive effects of an age-morphed image on future intention to engage in physical activity were not found for low self-esteem individuals. Moreover, the age-morphing technology did not impact individuals’ healthy eating intentions.

Self-esteem moderates the effect of acute stresses on individuals' trust behaviors

The current study examined the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between acute stress and individuals' trust behaviors. Specifically, one hundred and forty-seven participants were selected and randomly assigned to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or the control condition after which performing the trust game. The results showed that participants' exposure to acute stress exhibited less investment in the trust game than their counterparts under the control condition. Moreover, although the main effects of RSA reactivity to the speech or math task were not significant, the effect of RSA reactivity to the speech task on the amount of investment in trust game was significantly moderated by individuals' self-esteem. Specifically, comparted with individuals with high self-esteem, for individuals with low self-esteem, their high RSA reactivity to acute stresses exhibited less amount invested in trust game. Thus, the findings of the current study reveal the moderating factors of self-esteem in the relationship between acute psychological stress and trust behaviors and provide some new information about the underlying physical mechanisms.