High Sedentary Activity Research Articles

P1136 Relationship between occupation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease’s activity in newly diagnosed patients

Abstract Background It is well known that occupational activity can affect health. The association between type of work and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) has been studied previously, but the studies on the topic are scarce and they do not have studied the relationship with clinical activity of the disease. The aim of this study is to elucidate if the type of work is a risk factor for the disease activity and severity in recently diagnosed IBD patients. Methods An observational prospective study including incident cases of patients with IBD diagnosed between June 2020 and September 2022 in the area of Santiago de Compostela was developed. Type of work, divided into white collar and blue-collar, sedentariness at work divided into high activity, moderate activity and sedentary activity according to the classification of occupational activity categories using accelerometry, and place of work divided into indoor and outdoor, time at work and contact with animals at work was recorded. All cases were followed-up through one year to assess the evolution of the disease. Endoscopic index at one year from the diagnosis, analytic parameters, hospitalizations related with the disease during the period, treatments administered, and number and severity of flares (measured by Partial Mayo Score and Harvey- Bradshaw) were collected. To analyze the results, a logistic regression was used. Results 136 patients were included and followed their activity for a year. 68 (50%) were females. 78 (57.4%) had ulcerative colitis, 52 (38.2%) Crohn’s disease and 6 (4.4%) unclassified colitis. 30 patients (22.1%) had at least one flare during this time (23 had 1 flare, 5 two and 2 three), and 4 patients were primary non responders. 7 patients (5.2%) were hospitalized. Neither the type of job (white or blue collar), time at work (working hours per week), physical activity at work (sedentary work, moderate activity or high activity), working outdoor vs. indoor nor contact with animals at work were associated with hospitalization (all p>0.05). When contact with chemicals, solvents and dusts were analyzed, no statistically significant difference was found (p>0.05). Regarding the appearance of flares, high activity at work and working outside were protective factors of the appearance of a flare, with OR 0.1 (0.0 – 0.7) and 0.2 (0.1 – 0.8) respectively (Table 1).After stratifying results according to type of IBD, there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusion High activity jobs and working outside are protective factors for a flare appearance in patients with recent diagnosis of IBD. Type of job it is not related with risk of hospitalization.

Measurment Of Youth Physical Fitness In Pontianak City Using TKPN Instruments

The current rate of development and shift in human activity today demands to be in high sedentary activity. Departing from the high inactivity in children, the authors need to measure the physical fitness level. This study used the latest fitness instrument, TKPN. So that a portrait of physical fitness for students at the secondary school level also needs to be implemented. This research is a descriptive study using a cross sectional survey method, data collection techniques using tests and measurements, then for data collection tools using the Equator Physical Fitness Test instrument. The sample used in this study were students at the senior high school level in Pontianak, with a total of 35 samples. The results showed a trend that was not very good, as many as 34% of students were in the very poor category, followed by 17% in the less category, 26% were in the sufficient category, 23% were in the good category, and no one student fall into the very good category. The conclusion of this study is that the description of the physical fitness of students in the city of Pontianak at the high school level still shows an unfavorable trend. Intervention of physical activity through physical education subjects and motivational encouragement from parents is highly recommended.

The Association between Knowledge and Attitude of Ergonomic Sitting Position to Sitting Posture and Duration among Medical Students

Introduction: Medical students may spend more time sitting and learning. However, ignorance of the ergonomic sitting position and long sitting duration can lead them to an incorrect sitting position and high sedentary activity. Thus, this study investigated the association between knowledge and attitude towards ergonomic sitting position to sitting duration and posture among medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 30 students of the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. Data were obtained using a questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to participants and consisted of 2 parts, the first part included personal data, while the second part contained knowledge, attitude, and practice (sitting duration and posture). Fisher’s exact test and Fisher-Freeman-Halton were applied. The confidence interval was 95%, and the significance level (alpha) was 0.05. Results: 23.3% of the participants have good knowledge about ergonomics sitting position, 40% have adequate knowledge, and 56.7% have a positive attitude towards ergonomics sitting position. 60% of the participants spent sitting time more than 8 hours a day, and 43.3% of the participants had a straight sitting posture. Fisher’s test showed no significant association between ergonomic knowledge and chair sitting duration (p= 0.933) and ergonomic attitude and chair sitting duration (p= 0.711). Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test showed no significant association between ergonomic knowledge and sitting posture on a chair (p= 0.699) and ergonomics attitude and chair sitting posture (p= 1.000). Conclusions: There was no association between knowledge of ergonomics sitting position with sitting duration and sitting posture and attitude of ergonomics sitting position with sitting duration and sitting posture. Keywords: knowledge – attitude - sitting duration - sitting posture - sitting ergonomics

Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban Nepal

BackgroundChildhood overweight/obesity has become a major public health concern globally because of its adverse health consequences and escalating prevalence. The factors underlying the disease conditions manifested during adulthood commonly originate in childhood. Nepal is going through a transition where under-nutrition co-exists with obesity; however, there is a lack of well-documented information on childhood overweight or obesity in Nepal. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among urban primary school children.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to October of 2017. Behavioral data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire with parents of children aged 6–13 years old in grades 1–5 studying in private schools of Lalitpur district in Nepal. Study participants were selected using two-stage cluster random sampling from 10 private schools. Height and weight measurements of 575 children were taken and BMI-for-age-sex was calculated using WHO AnthroPlus. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Associated factors were examined using Chi-square tests followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe study found that out of 575 students, 107 (18.6%) were overweight and 41 (7.1%) were obese. Among 328 male children, 62 (19.0%) were overweight and 35 (10.6%) were obese. Likewise, among 247 female children, 45 (18.2%) were overweight and 6 (2.4%) were obese. Male children (aOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.38–3.53), children of mothers with a high school (aOR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.39–7.12) or university level of education (aOR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.23–7.70) and children of mothers in a professional field (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.02–4.05) had a greater likelihood of being overweight/obese. Likewise, students consuming energy-dense less nutrient food (aOR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.66–5.12), lacking active travel to and from school (aOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.12–4.79) and those having sedentary behaviors (aOR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.20–7.29) were likely to be overweight/obese.ConclusionsMore than one-quarter of the children in urban Lalitpur were found to be overweight/obese. High junk food consumption and sedentary activity were found to be significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. School health and awareness programs aiming to reduce the intake of energy-dense foods and promote an active lifestyle including active transportation to school among children are imperative. Future studies to objectively measure the type and amount of food intake and physical activity of students are recommended.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Students in Pantnagar Area of Northern India

The cross sectional community based study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and its associated factors among college going girls (20-30 years) residing in hostels of U.S. Nagar district of Northern India. The data on 250 subjects was obtained using self-designed pre-tested questionnaires during March to June 2018. Information was collected on menstrual and clinical history, dietary history, physical activity parameters and general information of subjects. The data was presented in percentages; chi square analysis, correlation analysis and rate ratio was also used to analyze the association between dependent and independent variables. The results showed that the prevalence of PCOS was 6% as evaluated by clinical diagnostic tool used in the questionnaire. A total of 18.4% subjects reported variable or long menstrual cycles, 6% subjects reported less than 9 menses annually and 7.2% subjects reported irregular menses with weight gain. A significant association was found between PCOS and high body mass index values and sedentary physical activity level. It was found that overweight and obese subjects have seven times higher risk of developing PCOS as compared to underweight and normal individuals. Also subjects with sedentary physical activity level have eight times higher risk of developing PCOS as compared to their counterparts with moderate physical activity. No strong association was found between PCOS and fast food consumption. The study concluded that body mass index and physical activity level of subjects were associated with poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using rate ratio as a tool. The study results indicate the need to conduct large study on PCOS in India.

High Sedentary Activity and Low Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables as Important Risk Factors in Increasing Obesity of Indonesian Adult People (P04-176-19)

ObjectivesSedentary behaviors and unhealthy diets are reported to be risk factors of obesity. The present study aims to examine the role of high sedentary activity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables in increasing obesity in Indonesian adult people. MethodsThe analysis presented in this study was based on the data from a population-based, cross-sectional, nationally representative, Indonesian Basic Health Research 2013. In total, 222,650 men and 248,590 women aged 19–55 years were enrolled. A validated questionnaire, physical activity card, and food card were used for assessment. ResultsThe results showed that prevalence of obesity (body mass index of ≥27.5 kg/m2) was higher in women (18.71%) than in men (8.67%). The prevalence was higher in those with high (≥ 6 hours/day) sedentary activity (17.3%) than in those with low sedentary activity (14.5%). Furthermore, the prevalence was higher in those with low consumption of fruits and vegetables (20.6%) than in those with adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables (15.0%). Overall, people with high sedentary activity were 1.2 times (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.16–1.21) more likely to be obese than those with low sedentary activity, and people with low consumption of fruits and vegetables were 1.5 times (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.22–1.87) more likely to be obese than those with adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables after adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. The excess odds of being obese attributable to high sedentary activity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables was higher in men than in women. ConclusionsThe present study suggests that promoting physical activity and healthy diets especially adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables could be the keys in preventing obesity in Indonesia. Funding SourcesIndonesian Ministry of Health, The University of Alma Ata, Taipei Medical University.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors on Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents (P16-010-19)

ObjectivesThe prevalence of overweight among Chinese children and adolescent increased steadily in the past two decades. Few studies exist even on long-term trends in physical activity in children or adolescents and very few long-term longitudinal studies have examined the association between physical activity or sedentary activity and the risk of overweight and obesity globally. MethodsWe used longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 2004 to 2015 to examine the relationship among 4520 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years old. We collected detailed seven-day data on physical activity and sedentary activity, including sports and exercise, commute mode, household chores, screen time, homework, and other activities and converted them into metabolic equivalents (MET) values. We used the hybrid approach on the random-effects models to estimate the association between physical activity, sedentary activity and the risk of overweight and obesity. ResultsThe child and adolescent prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 5.8% in 2004 to 16.5% in 2015, while physical activity decreased from 60.9 to 49.1 METs hour/week and sedentary activity increased from 26.9 to 22.9 hours/week during the same period. Controlled for age, gender, urbanization index, income, energy intake, mother’s BMI and education, and survey year, the results showed that physical activity significantly decreased the risk of overweight and obesity among girls [for 6–11 years old girls, OR = 0.37(95% CI 0.20 – 0.67); for 12–18 years old girls, OR = 0.46 (95% CI: 0.25 – 0.85)]. Sedentary activity significantly increased the risk of overweight and obesity among older girls only [OR = 1.96 (95% CI: 1.09 – 3.54)]. The association was not significant among boys. ConclusionsLow physical activity and high sedentary activity increased the risk of overweight and obesity among Chinese girls, particularly teenage girls. More studies are needed among boys. Funding SourcesThe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH; The Fogarty International Center, NIH; Department of Nutrition & Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Daily sedentary time and physical activity as assessed by accelerometry and their correlates in older adults

BackgroundHigher physical activity is associated with lower chronic disease risk among older adults. However, less is known about the optimal balance between daily physical activity and sedentary time and their correlates among older adults. We described objectively measured physical activity patterns using 7 day hip-accelerometry and assessed its correlates in a large cross-sectional sample of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a population-based cohort of older Dutch adults. In addition, we examined different combined profiles of sedentary time and physical activity across strata of sex, age, education and BMI groups.ResultsMean age was 71 (SD 8) years and 51% (n = 615) were women. The majority of wear time was spent sedentary (65%) followed by light (33%), and MVPA (2%). Higher age and higher BMI were related to more time spent sedentary, while female sex and lower education were related lower sedentary time. The combination of high sedentary time (≥65.4% of waking time) and low physical activity (< 9.1% of waking time) was significantly associated with higher age, higher BMI, and slower walking speed compared to the combination of low sedentary time and high physical activity P < 0.001.ConclusionsDutch older adults spend on average 65% of their waking time sedentary. Older adults’ sedentary time differs by age, sex, education and BMI groups. The combination of high sedentary time and low physical was associated with higher age, higher BMI, and slower walking speed compared to the combination of low sedentary time and high MVPA. This suggests that increasing light activity might be an effective and feasible strategy in older persons to reduce sedentary time. Future studies should assess whether low- sedentary and high-light physical activity are associated with improved long-term health outcomes (also independent of MVPA).

The Role of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Explaining the Association Between Acculturation and Obesity Among Mexican-American Adults.

We investigated associations of acculturation with various types of activity (moderate-vigorous leisure-time physical activity [LTPA], moderate-vigorous work- and transportation-related physical activity, and sedentary activity), and whether these activities mediated the acculturation-obesity association among Mexican-Americans. Cross-sectional. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Mexican-American NHANES participants aged ≥20 years (n = 1902). Demographic characteristics, physical activity, sedentary behavior, acculturation, and body mass index. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate associations of acculturation with categories of self-reported activity. Path analysis was used to test whether the activity measures mediated acculturation-obesity associations. In adjusted models, compared to U.S.-born Mexican-Americans, foreign-born Mexican-Americans living in the United States for less than 10 years were significantly less likely to be in the highest LTPA and sedentary activity categories, and more likely to be in the highest total and transportation activity categories. Foreign-born Mexican-Americans living in the United States for 10 years or more were significantly less likely to engage in high sedentary activity but more likely to engage in high transportation activity. Sedentary behavior was the strongest mediator of the acculturation-obesity association, accounting for 40.7% and 57.1% of the total effect of acculturation on obesity among foreign-born Mexican-Americans living in the United States for less than 10 years and for 10 years or more, respectively, compared to U.S.-born Mexican-Americans. Reducing sedentary behavior may lower the negative impact of acculturation on obesity.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in union territory of Dadra Nagar and Haveli children and adolescents: Impact of diet, physical activity, and socioeconomic status

Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the children and adolescents and association of different factors such as dietary intake, physical activity, duration of sleep, and socioeconomic status with obesity. Methods: Study Design - It was a cross-sectional randomized epidemiological study among school children and adolescent in urban and rural areas of the Union Territory of Dadra Nagar and Haveli (U.T. of D.N.H), India in the year 2013–2014. Informed consent: The consent was taken from the Education Department of U.T. of D.N.H and the Head of the Institute before their inclusion in the study. Participants: Consenting male and female children and adolescents were included in the study. Questionnaire: Five-minute long interviews were conducted with each student involved in the study. A pilot questionnaire was developed and it was divided in demographic information, anthropometry information, physical activity, dietary intake, and socioeconomic status. Results: In this study, the prevalence of obesity and overweight was found to between 3.82% and 7.14%, respectively. The combined prevalence of overweight and obese children was slightly high in the age-group of adolescents (11.56%) as compared to children (10.66%). According to waist circumference (WC) analysis, 5.99% of male and 11.3% of female subjects are abdominally obese. Conclusion: The prevalence of childhood obesity in U.T. of D.N.H. is not very high as compared to other reports from different regions of the country, but the prevalence of underweight is high in U.T. of D.N.H. children and adolescents. The low degrees of physical activity and higher sedentary activity, consuming high-calorie food, less sleep duration, higher socioeconomic status are associated with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Energy expenditure in individuals with spinal cord injury quantified by doubly labeled water and a multi-sensor armband.

The objective of this study was to determine whether doubly labeled water (DLW) and a multi-sensor armband (SWA) could detect the variation in energy expenditure incurred by a period of increased exercise (EXE) versus a period of high sedentary activity (SED), in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Eight participants with SCI were submitted to 2 testing periods of energy expenditure assessment: 1) a 14-day phase during which sedentary living conditions were imposed and 2) a 14-day phase during which an exercise training intervention was employed. For each phase, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) were measured by DLW and SWA. Mean TDEE assessed by DLW, was significantly higher during EXE versus SED (11,605 ± 2151 kJ·day⁻¹ and 10,069 ± 2310 kJ·day⁻¹). PAEE predicted by DLW was also significantly higher during EXE versus SED (5422 ± 2240 kJ·day⁻¹ and 3855 ± 2496 kJ·day⁻¹). SWA-predicted PAEE significantly underestimated PAEE measured by the DLW during SED and EXE. DLW is sensitive to detect variation in within-individual energy expenditure during voluntary increase in physical activity in individuals with SCI. SWA failed to detect statistically significant variations in energy expenditure between periods of high versus low activity in SCI.

Abstract MP96: High Sedentary Activity Mediates the Association of Acculturation and Obesity in Mexican-American Adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010

Background: Higher levels of acculturation are associated with both higher leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and higher obesity rates. However, few studies have examined associations of acculturation with other types of activity. Moreover, the extent to which these activities mediate relationships between acculturation and obesity is unknown. We examined associations of acculturation with four types of activity (moderate-vigorous LTPA, moderate-vigorous work- and transportation-related physical activity, and sedentary activity), and we tested whether these types of activity mediate the acculturation-obesity association among Mexican-American (MA) adults. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 1,982 NHANES 2007-2010 MA participants aged 20+ years. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) models were used to estimate associations of acculturation (based on nativity and length of residence in the US) with type of activity. Structural equation modeling was used to quantify the extent to which the four types of activity mediate the association of acculturation with obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ). Results: Foreign-born (FB) MAs had lower mean minutes per week of LTPA and sedentary activity but higher mean minutes of work and transportation activity, compared to US-born MAs. After adjusting for age, age 2 , gender, education and employment status in the MLR analyses, FB MAs living in the US &lt; 10 years were significantly less likely to perform recommended levels of LTPA (≥150 minutes/week) (Relative Risk Ratio (RRR): 0.67; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.49, 0.92), but they were less likely to be sedentary (RRR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.26) and more likely to engage in high transportation- (RRR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.22) and work-related activities (RRR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.40) than US-born MAs. Adjusted MLR analyses also showed that FB MAs living in the US ≥ 10 years were more likely to perform high transportation activity (RRR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.81) and less likely to engage in high sedentary activity (RRR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.35) than US-born MAs. FB MAs living in the US &lt; 10 years and ≥ 10 years were both less likely to be obese compared to US-born MAs in sociodemographic-adjusted models. Sedentary activity was the strongest mediator of the acculturation-obesity association, accounting for 19.2% and 31.3% of the total effect of acculturation on obesity among FB MAs living in the US &lt;10 years and ≥10 years, respectively, compared to US-born MAs. The direct effect of acculturation on obesity (i.e., independent of all measured mediators and confounders) remained significant for both FB MAs living in the US &lt;10 years and those living in the US ≥10 years, compared with US-born MAs. Conclusions: These findings suggest higher sedentary activity may account for a substantial portion of the negative impact of acculturation on obesity. However, the mediation results suggest other factors also play a role.

Financial motivation undermines potential enjoyment in an intensive diet and activity intervention

The use of material incentives in healthy lifestyle interventions is becoming widespread. However, self-determination theory (SDT) posits that when material incentives are perceived as controlling, they undermine intrinsic motivation. We analyzed data from the Make Better Choices trial-a trial testing strategies for improving four risk behaviors: low fruit-vegetable intake, high saturated fat intake, low physical activity, and high sedentary activity. At baseline, participants reported the degree to which financial incentives were an important motivator (financial motivation); self-reported enjoyment of each behavior was assessed before and after the 3-week incentivization phase. Consistent with SDT, after controlling for general motivation and group assignment, lower financial motivation predicted more adaptive changes in enjoyment. Whereas participants low in financial motivation experienced adaptive changes, adaptive changes were suppressed among those high in financial motivation.

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in French primary-school children.

To determine the prevalence of, and identify associated factors with, overweight and obesity in two samples of French children. We conducted two cross-sectional studies among two samples of children. Weight status, eating behaviour, sedentary activity, physical activity and parents' socio-economic status (SES) were collected using questionnaires filled by doctors during school health check-ups. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points of the International Obesity Taskforce. Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was used to identify independent factors associated with overweight including obesity and obesity alone. Aquitaine region (south-west France). Analyses were conducted among children aged 5-7 years (n 4048) and 7-11 years (n 3619). Overweight prevalence was 9·5 % including 2·2 % of obesity in 5-7-year-old children and 15·6 % including 2·9 % of obesity in 7-11-year-old children. In both samples, overweight and obesity prevalence were higher in children whose parents had low or medium SES (P < 0·05). Factors associated significantly (P < 0·05) and independently with higher overweight or obesity prevalence were female gender, low or medium parental SES, never or sometimes having breakfast, never eating at the school canteen, never having a morning snack, never or sometimes having a light afternoon meal and having high sedentary activity. Our data confirm that low SES, absence of breakfast and high sedentary activity are associated with a higher risk of being overweight or obese, but also highlight original potential protective factors such as eating at the canteen and high meal frequency.

Epidemiology of what to eat in the 21st century.

Many epidemiologic studies of disease causation include food intake and nutrition variables (1, 2). Epidemiologic research is also an established component of nutrition and food science endeavors to identify optimal dietary patterns and to improve the quality and potential health benefits of the food supply (4). Manipulation of eating patterns and/or food content is a core health promotion and disease control strategy. However, the process of translating nutritional epidemiologic study findings into health advice or policy is quite complex. There is much debate on diet and health issues; however, the general inference that modern eating and physical activity patterns are ill-suited to the huntergatherer genetic predispositions of our species is sound (5, 6). Given the limits of our biologic adaptability, diet and physical activity are thought to be critical determinants of the major causes of death and disability—cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity—worldwide (4, 7-13). Studies carried out in diverse populations have converged to suggest that avoiding or moving away from the high fat, low fiber, and high salt diets and sedentary activity patterns typical in western societies will usually decrease the occurrence of chronic diseases (4). Food is a universal and indispensable human exposure, and the foods we eat are deeply rooted in and defended by cultural beliefs and practices (14-16). Therefore, the study findings suggesting a need to change dietary patterns have a unique salience and sense of urgency for policy-makers, clinicians, and consumers. It is commonly understood that a synthesis of such studies, as well as their reconciliation with laboratory and animal evidence, is needed. However, the social relevance of such studies often motivates excessive media attention at the moment of publication,