High Security Performance Research Articles

Design and DSP implementation of a fractional-order detuned laser hyperchaotic circuit with applications in image encryption

In this paper, a fractional-order hyperchaotic detuned laser system (FHDLS) is proposed, and a novel image cryptosystem with high-security performance is designed by combining FHDLS, improved shuffling algorithm, and DNA mutation diffusion algorithm. Firstly, the complex dynamics of FHDLS is researched by phase diagram, bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponential spectrum, and spectral entropy (SE) complexity. The attractor coexistence phenomenon of the system is analyzed from different initial values for given parameters. Meanwhile, the randomness of the proposed FHDLS is verified by the correlation. Then, the FHDLS is implemented by the analog circuit and the digital hardware (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), respectively. Finally, make use of these excellent characteristics, and perturb the initial values and chaotic state of the system through Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA-256). Then the pixel-level and bit-level replacement and transformation operations are performed on the image respectively, to implement a chaos-based image cryptosystem. The regimen performs one scrambled and diffusion together and one diffusion operation to achieve maximum confusion and diffusion. To demonstrate the safety performance of the proposed image cryptographic regimen, standard security analyses is adopted, including histogram, correlation, information entropy, security key, anti-differential attack, robustness, etc., and it is compared with the existing advanced algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the regimen works well in encryption and can resist various attacks effectively, and the FHDLS has wide application prospects in image encryption.

Image lossless encoding and encryption method of SPECK based on 1D chaotic map

In order to satisfy the requirements of high quality and security during image transmission and storage, this paper proposes an image lossless compression encryption algorithm based on 1D chaotic map and Set Partitioned Embedded block encoder (SPECK). Initially, this paper proposes a new 1D chaotic map, and applies the chaotic sequences generated by it to each stage of the compression encryption algorithm. In addition, according to the feature that the degree of energy concentration in the wavelet coefficient matrix gradually decreases from low frequency to high frequency, this paper proposes a wavelet coefficient encryption algorithm, which can balance security and compression performance. Furthermore, multiple encryption points are introduced in the SPECK encoding process, and a secure SPECK encoding algorithm is proposed. Finally, theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is close to the theoretical value in terms of information entropy, correlation coefficient, mean square error of reconstructed image and other related indicators. Therefore, the algorithm has high security and lossless compression performance.

Holographic encryption algorithm based on bit-plane decomposition and hyperchaotic Lorenz system

In recent years, many encryption algorithms based on chaotic systems have developed rapidly, and most of them only have simple confusion-diffusion structures, which only work on plaintext images. However, these algorithms will result in low encryption and small key space. This paper proposes a holographic encryption algorithm based on hyperchaotic Lorenz systems and bit-plane decomposition. Firstly, the plaintext image is converted into a phase-only hologram (also called kinoform) through an improved Gerchberg-Saxton(GS) algorithm. Secondly, perform bit-plane decomposition on the hologram, and perform Arnold scrambling on some of the decomposed sub-images; Finally, the sub-images are synthesized by bit-plane theory and XOR diffusion is taken to obtain the final encrypted image. The hyperchaotic Lorenz system generates the chaotic sequences acting on the scrambling and diffusion, and its key stream is related to the plaintext image through the SHA-256 hash function. Simulation results and performance analysis indicate that the encryption algorithm proposed in this paper has higher security performance and can resist different attacks efficiently.

Integrating high ionic conductive PDOL solid/gel composite electrolyte for enhancement of interface combination and lithium dentrite inhibition of solid-state lithium battery

High interface impedance, slow ion transmission, and easy growth of lithium dendrites in solid-state lithium battery are main obstacles to its development and application. Good interface combination and compatibility between electrolyte and electrodes is an important way to solve these problems. In this work, we successfully combined a high ionic conductive polymerized 1,3-dioxolane (PDOL) solid-state electrolyte and a PDOL gel-state electrolyte to form a rigid-flexible composite structural electrolyte and realized the gelation modification of solid electrolyte/electrode interface. This “PDOL SE + PDOL Gel” composite structure not only improves the electrode/electrolyte interfacial contact, reduces the interfacial impedance, but also inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites in the interface between lithium anode and electrolyte by forming an uniform Li-Zr-O and LiF composite protection layer. This composite electrolyte has high ionic conductivity of 5.96 × 10−4 S/cm and wide electrochemical stability window of 5.0 V. The Li/PDOL SE + PDOL Gel/Li cells can be cycled stably for nearly 400 h at a current density of 1.0 mA/cm2. The assembled LiCoO2/PDOL SE + PDOL Gel/Li cells can be cycled for 250 cycles at 0.5 C with a capacity retention of 80%. This PDOL solid/gel composite electrolyte shows high promising commercial application prospect due to its high security performance, excellent interfacial properties and dendrite inhibition ability.

Non-Cooperative Game Forwarding Leveraging User Trustworthiness in Mobile Edge Networks

Given frequent changes of network topology caused by limited computing power, strong mobility and weak reliability of most nodes in mobile edge computing (MEC) networks, a Non-Cooperative Game forwarding strategy based on user Trustworthiness (NCGT) is proposed to deal with low security and efficiency of data transmission. NCGT firstly considers device residual energy ratio, contact probability, service degree and link stability between devices to measure the reliability of nodes. Then, leverages Entropy Weight (EW) method and Golden Section Ratio (GSR) to develop a security optimal neighbors screening model based on multi-attribute decision-making, which ensures that high-performance security nodes are selected as forwarding game objects. Third, NCGT takes forwarding and non-forwarding as the policy set, designs the benefit function, and gets forwarding probability of nodes through Nash equilibrium, to reduce a large number of redundancy, competition and conflict in forwarding requests and improve its broadcasting efficiency. The simulation results show, NCGT is more effective against black hole and witch attacks than S-MODEST and AODV+FDG when there exists malicious nodes. Meanwhile, with the increasing of network load, NCGT with or without GSR always performs best in the terms of data delivery rate, delay, transmission energy consumption and system throughput in MEC environment.

A new fractional-order chaos system of Hopfield neural network and its application in image encryption

In this work, we propose a new fractional-order chaotic system based on the model of 4-neurons-based Hopfield Neural Network (HNN). By using Adomain decomposition method, the proposed fractional-order chaotic system is solved. With the orders changing, the proposed fractional-order system shows rich dynamical characteristics. Then, based on the pseudo-random numbers (PRNs) generated by the proposed system, a new construction method of multiple hash index chain is designed. And a new image encryption algorithm is designed according to the multiple hash index chain. The safety test results show that the design encryption algorithm has higher security performance. Finally, the 4-neurons-based HNN fractional-order system is implemented by Multisim circuit simulation. The experimental results show the feasibility of the theoretical analysis.

A cancelable biometric identification scheme based on bloom filter and format-preserving encryption

Biometric based authentication systems are being prominently used everywhere. The biometric data, popularly known as a biometric template, is generally stored on the database server in its unprotected form. Unlike passwords, once compromised, biometric data can never be recovered. An ideal biometric system should provide accessibility, acceptability, availability, high security, and high biometric performance to the user. Current deployments generally relax in one or more requirements, resulting in lingering concerns about the privacy and security of individuals’ biometric data. Our proposed work introduces a cancelable biometric template protection scheme based on the format-preserving encryption and Bloom filters. The format-preserving encryption encrypts the biometric template, which then maps to the Bloom filter based template that represents the cancelable template. The use of format-preserving encryption along with Bloom filters helps to achieve the security of the input biometric template and identification with good recognition performance. We achieve 0.2% FRR at 0.01% FAR for IITD-CASIA virtual dataset in the uni-biometric scenario. A comparison with the existing schemes shows that our proposed scheme exhibits high recognition performance for both uni-biometric and multi-biometric datasets, while simultaneously, the security of the overall system is preserved.

A Blockchain-Assisted Electronic Medical Records by Using Proxy Reencryption and Multisignature

Electronic medical records (EMR) have been commonly used in medical institutions in recent years. In particular, the combination of EMR and the cloud server has significantly improved the work efficiency and therapeutic level of the hospital. It also raises some security concerns, e.g., the information leaks. Blockchain has features including decentralization, traceability, openness, and tamper resistance. Therefore, the technology may be used to overcome the above flaws. In this paper, we introduce a new blockchain-assisted EMR in the cloud environment by using proxy reencryption and sequential multisignature. Firstly, blockchain makes the scheme have high-security performance without a trusty center. Secondly, we use proxy reencryption to protect personal medical data while helping doctors to access patients’ historical medical records. Moreover, the doctors have used a sequential multisignature, which is practical and can effectively improve security performance. The analysis results show that the proposed scheme can satisfy various security features of EMR and has an ideal computational and communication cost. Finally, the scheme is implemented to show its performance.

Clustering with a high-performance secure routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

Clustering with a high-performance secure routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

A Sensitive Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a Higher-Dimensional Chaotic Map and Steganography

Chaotic maps have been widely used in image encryption due to their complexity, pseudorandomness and high sensitivity to initial values. In this paper, an image encryption algorithm based on a 4D chaotic map and steganography is proposed. The algorithm consists of two rounds of encryption and one operation of embedding hash. In the first round of encryption, the hash value of plaintext image is used to control the generation of chaotic sequences, which makes the encryption algorithm highly relevant to the content of the image. Then, the hash value is embedded into the intermediate image according to the idea of steganography. In the second round of encryption, the image is encrypted under the control of another set of chaotic sequences to hide the hash value and further enhance the security of the algorithm. Different from other algorithms, our algorithm does not need to additionally transmit the hash value to the decryptor through a special channel. It has good availability and adaptability. Experimental results and security analysis demonstrate that the algorithm has high security performance and can resist various attacks.

Analysis of electronic bill authentication and security storage performance utilising machine learning algorithm

The study aims to ensure the security and authentication efficiency of the bill image, and the encryption and decryption methods and security protection of the electronic bill are studied in the experiment. First, aiming at the not high traditional electronic bill security performance, a method is proposed, namely, embedding a watermark into a binary image with edge information. Second, aiming at the weak compression robust character of electronic bill image, the method of chaotic encryption of digital watermark through wavelet coefficient matrix algorithm is proposed to be combined with the binary sequence. Finally, the deep learning algorithm combined with the convolution algorithm can detect the quality of electronic bill watermark images. The results show that the method of embedding watermark with edge information effectively has improved the confidentiality of electronic bills. The method of chaotic encryption of digital watermarks by wavelet coefficient matrix algorithm combined with binary sequence has improved the anti-compression ability of digital watermarks. The multi-watermark encryption method has enhanced the tamper-proof ability of electronic bills and has improved the security performance of bills, and the deep convolution algorithm has improved the security and efficiency of electronic bill processing.

Digital twins to fight against COVID-19 pandemic

This study is aimed to explore the anti-epidemic effect of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms such as digital twins on the COVID-2019 (novel coronavirus disease 2019), so that the information security and prediction accuracy of epidemic prevention and control (P & C) in smart cities can be further improved. It addresses the problems in the current public affairs governance strategy for the outbreak of the COVID-2019 epidemic, and uses digital twins technology to map the epidemic P & C situation in the real space to the virtual space. Then, the blockchain technology and deep learning algorithms are introduced to construct a digital twins model of the COVID-2019 epidemic (the COVID-DT model) based on blockchain combined with BiLSTM (Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory). In addition, performance of the constructed COVID-DT model is analyzed through simulation. Analysis of network data security transmission performance reveals that the constructed COVID-DT model shows a lower average delay, its data message delivery rate (DMDR) is basically stable at 80%, and the data message disclosure rate (DMDCR) is basically stable at about 10%. The analysis on network communication cost suggests that the cost of this study does not exceed 700 bytes, and the prediction error does not exceed 10%. Therefore, the COVID-DT model constructed shows high network security performance while ensuring low latency performance, enabling more efficient and accurate interaction of information, which can provide experimental basis for information security and development trends of epidemic P & C in smart cities.

Layered Co doped MnO2 with abundant oxygen defects to boost aqueous zinc-ion storage

Zinc Manganese oxide (Zn/MnO2)-based aqueous battery is favored due to their high specific capacity, security and cost performance. Nevertheless, they usually problems of unstable cyclic structure and slow diffusion kinetics, restricting their practical application. Here, we have successfully synthesized a Co doped MnO2 cathode material with abundant defects on a carbon cloth substrate. Through a simple hydrothermal method, the Co element can be lightly intercalated in the two-dimensional (2D) layered α-MnO2 nanowires, inhibiting the structural transformation during the cycle and improve the stability of the material. Meanwhile, plasma technology facilitates the formation of oxygen vacancies in the electrode material, which not only accelerate electron diffusion but also improve the conductivity. Therefore, Zn/Co-MnO2 battery can reach a specific capacity of 511 mAh g−1 at 0.5A g−1 and the retention rate accomplish 98% at high current density. This research puts forward a strategy of element doping and physical preparation of oxygen vacancies, which provides the possibility to develop reversible Zn/MnO2-based aqueous battery cathode materials with high-performance.

An Extremely Simple Multiwing Chaotic System: Dynamics Analysis, Encryption Application, and Hardware Implementation

Polynomial functions have been the main barrier restricting the circuit realization and engineering application of multiwing chaotic systems (MWCSs). To eliminate this bottleneck, we construct a simple MWCS without polynomial functions by introducing a sinusoidal function in a Sprott C system. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the MWCS can not only generate multibutterfly attractors with an arbitrary number of butterflies, but also adjust the number of the butterflies by multiple ways including self-oscillating time, control parameters, and initial states. To further explore the advantage of the proposed MWCS, we realize its analog circuit using commercially available electronic elements. The results demonstrate that in comparison to traditional MWCSs, our circuit implementation greatly reduces the consumption of electronic components. This makes the MWCS more suitable for many chaos-based engineering applications. Furthermore, we propose an application of the MWCS to chaotic image encryption. Histogram, correlation, information entropy, and key sensitivity show that the simple image encryption scheme has a high security and reliable encryption performance. Finally, we develop a field-programmable gate array test platform to implement the MWCS-based image cryptosystem. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the feasibility and availability of the proposed MWCS.

Speculative taint tracking (STT)

Speculative execution attacks present an enormous security threat, capable of reading arbitrary program data under malicious speculation, and later exfiltrating that data over microarchitectural covert channels. This paper proposes speculative taint tracking (STT), a high security and high performance hardware mechanism to block these attacks. The main idea is that it is safe to execute and selectively forward the results of speculative instructions that read secrets, as long as we can prove that the forwarded results do not reach potential covert channels. The technical core of the paper is a new abstraction to help identify all micro-architectural covert channels, and an architecture to quickly identify when a covert channel is no longer a threat. We further conduct a detailed formal analysis on the scheme in a companion document. When evaluated on SPEC06 workloads, STT incurs 8.5% or 14.5% performance overhead relative to an insecure machine.

An efficient multimedia compression-encryption scheme using latin squares for securing Internet-of-things networks

The security of multimedia content and its applications have become a a very important task in digital communication technology. The extensive use of multimedia content over wireless networks makes the network applications exposed to different types of attacks. Cryptography is one of the main technologies that provide security and confidentiality to prevent unauthorised data access. A suitable design of an encryption system must be chosen to fully secure and maintain the privacy of data. On the other hand, the large size of data will be the prominent issue. In order to maintain a better performance of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, an appropriate compression-encryption scheme has to be used to ensure security and high speed without increasing the cryptosystem complexity in order to achieve a large communication capacity. Therefore, this paper presents a hybrid scheme of H.264/MVC compression and encryption process based on Latin Square Cipher (LSC) using symmetric keys. The Latin Square Whitening and Latin Square Substitution and Permutation operations are included in the encryption algorithm. The simulation results and analysis on different RGB video frames using MATLAB show that the proposed scheme achieves high protection, integrity, and security performance for different transmitted video frames. In addition, high robustness against different network attacks is achieved compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.

Security and Privacy Aware Communication in Body Area Networks Using Blockchain Technology

With the adoption of assorted gadgets and technology loaded devices, there is need to work on security and privacy while using such platforms. Now, the focus of concern has turned to the overwhelming secrecy, the high performance security, and integrity of the transactions in the cyber space. In relation to a chain of records which is interlinked and highly encrypted due to the involving hashing and encryption each process, it is known as a blockchain. The blockchain removes the possibility of a fraudulent or accidental tampering with the framework. Blockchain has the ability to store sensor data, as well as the capacity to thwart data falsification. IoT deployment plans are usually complex, and the distributed ledger is particularly well-suited for Internet of Things (IoT) discovery, authentication, and recording of information. Wireless body networks are set to be published here on the use trends of Blockchain deployment using advanced scripting and embedded technology the included incorporation of effectual effects gives the final results as well as opposed to the conventional cryptography approach to security.

Security Analysis of Image Scrambling Cipher Based on Compound Chaotic Equation

As digital image has become one of the most important forms of expression in multimedia information, the security of digital image has become a concern. Because of its large amount of data and high redundancy, there are many security hidden dangers in ordinary image encryption methods. Aiming at the problems of low flexibility and poor anti-interference of traditional image scrambling technology, this paper proposes to select the scrambling diffusion encryption structure in the process of chaotic digital image encryption, which can produce relatively better encryption performance than single scrambling and diffusion scrambling. The composite chaotic operation used in this paper masks the distribution characteristics of chaotic subsequences. Based on the composite chaotic mapping model, the image scrambling password under the two-dimensional chaotic equation is established by scrambling the image in space and frequency domain. Several rounds of experiments show that the algorithm has a large scrambling scheme, further expands the key space of Arnold algorithm, and effectively resists the common computer brute force attack cracking and image decryption cracking methods such as exhaustive, differential attack and known plaintext attack. The improved encryption algorithm can realize the key avalanche effect, is very sensitive to the initial key and has high key security performance, and solves the security problem in the process of image transmission. Several performance syntheses show that the algorithm has high security performance and is suitable for image encryption scheme.

Joint Lossless Image Compression and Encryption Scheme Based on CALIC and Hyperchaotic System.

For efficiency and security of image transmission and storage, the joint image compression and encryption method that performs compression and encryption in a single step is a promising solution due to better security. Moreover, on some important occasions, it is necessary to save images in high quality by lossless compression. Thus, a joint lossless image compression and encryption scheme based on a context-based adaptive lossless image codec (CALIC) and hyperchaotic system is proposed to achieve lossless image encryption and compression simultaneously. Making use of the characteristics of CALIC, four encryption locations are designed to realize joint image compression and encryption: encryption for the predicted values of pixels based on gradient-adjusted prediction (GAP), encryption for the final prediction error, encryption for two lines of pixel values needed by prediction mode and encryption for the entropy coding file. Moreover, a new four-dimensional hyperchaotic system and plaintext-related encryption based on table lookup are all used to enhance the security. The security tests show information entropy, correlation and key sensitivity of the proposed methods reach 7.997, 0.01 and 0.4998, respectively. This indicates that the proposed methods have good security. Meanwhile, compared to original CALIC without security, the proposed methods increase the security and reduce the compression ratio by only 6.3%. The test results indicate that the proposed methods have high security and good lossless compression performance.

High-Performance Data Compression-Based Design for Dynamic IoT Security Systems

IoT technology is evolving at a quick pace and is becoming an important part of everyday life. Consequently, IoT systems hold large amounts of data related to the user of the system that is vulnerable to security breaches. Thus, data collected by IoT systems need to be secured efficiently without affecting the IoT systems’ performance and without compromising security as well. In this paper, a high-performance dynamic security system is introduced. The system makes use of the ZedBoard’s dynamic partial reconfiguration capability to shift between three distinct cipher algorithms: AEGIS, ASCON, and DEOXYS-II. The switching between the three algorithms is performed using two different techniques: the algorithm hopping technique or the power adaptive technique. The choice of which technique to be used is dependent on whether the system needs to be focused on performance or power saving. The ciphers used are the CAESAR competition finalists that achieved the greatest results in each of the three competition categories, where each cipher algorithm has its own set of significant characteristics. The proposed design seeks to reduce the FPGA reconfiguration time by the application of LZ4 (Lempel-Ziv4) compression and decompression techniques on the ciphers’ bitstream files. The reconfiguration time decreased by a minimum of 38% in comparison to the state-of-the-art design, while the resource utilization increased by approximately 2%.