High Scientific Potential Research Articles

Development and characterization of tobacco suspension cell chassis NBS-1

Plant synthetic biology has significant theoretical advantages in exploration and production of plant natural products. However, its contribution to the field of biosynthesis is currently limited due to the lack of efficient chassis systems and related enabling technologies. Synthetic biologists often avoid tobacco as a chassis system because of its long operation cycle, difficulties in genetic and metabolic modification, complex metabolism and purification background, nicotine toxicity, and challenges in accurately controlling for agricultural production. Nevertheless, the tobacco suspension cell chassis system offers a viable solution to these challenges. The objective of this research was to develop a tobacco suspension cell chassis with high scientific and industrial potential. This chassis should exhibit rapid growth, high biomass, excellent dispersion, high transformation efficiency, and minimal nicotine content. Nicotiana benthamiana, which has high applicability in molecular technology, was used to induce suspension cells. The induced suspension cells, named NBS-1, exhibited rapid growth, excellent dispersion, and high biomass, reaching a maximum biomass of 476.39 g/L (fresh weight), which was significantly higher than that of BY-2. The transformation efficiency of the widely utilized pEAQ-HT transient expression system in NBS-1 reached 81%, which was substantially elevated compared to BY-2. The metabolic characteristics and bias of BY-2 and NBS-1 were analyzed using transcriptome data. It was found that the gene expression of pathways related to biosynthesis of flavonoids and their derivatives in NBS-1 was significantly higher, while the pathways related to alkaloid biosynthesis were significantly lower compared to BY-2. These findings were further validated by the total content of flavonoid and alkaloid. In summary, our research demonstrates NBS-1 possesses minimal nicotine content and provides valuable guidance for selecting appropriate chassis for specific products. In conclusion, this study developed NBS-1, a tobacco suspension cell chassis with excellent growth and transformation, high flavonoid content and minimal nicotine content, which has important guiding significance for the development of tobacco suspension cell chassis.

ENSURING HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC VOTING IN UKRAINE: PERSPECTIVES AND RISKS

Introduction. The article focuses on the advantages of e-voting and the insufficient study of human rights aspects in this process. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify public policy strategies for the successful implementation of e-voting in Ukraine, taking into account international experience and ensuring human rights and freedoms in the electoral process. Summary of the main research results. The main findings of the study point to the relevance of introducing e-voting in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and other challenges. An e-voting system can ensure compliance with international electoral and human rights standards, such as privacy, accessibility, non-discrimination, information, and verification of votes. The experience of foreign countries, in particular Estonia, confirms the success and benefits of e-voting, the analysis of which is important for other countries, including Ukraine, in implementing their e-voting systems. Switzerland, the United States, Norway, Sweden, India, and Brazil have also used e-voting, with varying degrees of success and challenges related to security and privacy. For example, in Switzerland, e-voting was used experimentally in some cantons but faced significant security issues, while in India, EVMs have become standard in most polling stations, increasing public confidence in the electoral process. However, recent events in Brazil and the United States show that unscrupulous politicians can challenge the operation of any electronic voting system, which can lead to mass protests and unrest. The Council of Europe and the Venice Commission have formulated principles and standards for the use of information and communication technologies in electoral processes, which include security, transparency, and respect for fundamental human rights. Ukraine is actively preparing for the introduction of electronic voting, as evidenced by the large number of draft laws that have been registered in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine but have not yet been adopted, although this indicates an awareness of the need to use digital technologies to ensure citizens' voting rights. Conclusions. The experience of foreign countries confirms the popularity of e-voting due to the development of information and communication technologies. Ukraine, with its high scientific and technical potential, has prospects for introducing e-voting. However, the successful application requires comprehensive preparation, including software certification, pilot projects, personal data protection, strengthening cybersecurity, and the adoption of a special law on the use of e-voting at various levels and the introduction of e-voting as an alternative method along with traditional voting.

РАЗРАБОТКА БАЗОВЫХ ПОДХОДОВ К ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЮ И УДЕРЖАНИЮ КАДРОВ В ГОРОДАХ НАУКИ И ВЫСОКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

In modern Russia, the problem of technological sovereignty and import substitution of high-tech products is acute. To solve the problems set by the Russian government, it is necessary to launch the production of a wide range of high-tech products as soon as possible. The implementation of the plans is impossible without solving the key tasks of introducing modern technological equipment and increasing human resources. At the moment, a prompt solution to these problems is required, and the previously developed and adopted territorial development strategies assume a long-term perspective. The main scientific organizations and high-tech businesses are located in large regional centers, as well as in small towns with high scientific and technological potential. In large regional centers, a scientific and technological ecosystem has historically been formed, allowing for the creation of conditions for the development of high technologies and scientific research. The situation is more complex in small core cities with pronounced scientific and technological specialization in centers of scientific and technological leadership. At the present stage, the main problem in the development of such cities is attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel. It is necessary to take into account the fact that attracting and retaining specialists are two related processes, but different in essence. The first is characterized by the migration activity of the population, the second - by satisfaction with living in the territory and working conditions. Most often, the factors influencing these processes have common directions, but differ from each other in their characteristics and content. When deciding on a place of work, a specialist evaluates the proposed conditions that are related to his expectations. When retaining specialists, realities are compared with the expectations that were when hired. If they do not comply, the specialist leaves the place of work. In this regard, it is important for the management of the territory and organizations to minimize the differences between expectations and the actual state of the labor and urban environment in order to retain high-level specialists. The work examines the main factors influencing and allowing to solve the problems of attracting and retaining talented youth and highly professional specialists in cities with high scientific and technological potential, taking into account modern realities and requirements. Research shows that the main factor ensuring the attraction of talented youth is the availability of high wages. It is a necessary but not sufficient condition for their retention. Additional factors play an important role in retaining specialists, including modern sociocultural and comfortable urban space, which includes various aspects of the lives of specialists and their families.

State Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Activity Results in Socially Significant Industries

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the leaders in terms of the intensity of commercialization of the intellectual activity results (IAR). Its development as a socially significant industry is a priority in the state policy of countries with developing economies, in particular, the countries of the Latin American region (LA). A number of economic conditions for the development of commercialization of the IAR in these countries are similar to the Russian economy. Common barriers to development include dependence on imported substances, inefficient interaction between science and business, lack of public and private investment in R&D, and insufficient development of the intellectual property (IP) institution. At the same time, it is possible to identify common growth drivers: the growth potential of the consumer market, unique natural resources, relatively high scientific potential, and the concentration of R&D in research institutes and universities. The similarity of the conditions helps to suggest that it is possible to adapt the best practices of IAR commercialization formed in the LA, to the Russian economy. The research method used in this article include analyzing published legislative and statistical materials on financial institutions of the LA countries in order to identify problems and experience in overcoming them in the field of commercialization of intellectual property. The analysis of state support for imitation, closed and open models of commercialization of IAR used by pharmaceutical companies in developing economies made it possible to identify successful support mechanisms, as well as positive and negative results of the application of each model. On this basis, as the results of the research recommendations for state support for the commercialization in socially significant industries of the Russian economy are suggested.

Innovations in the Russian and Belarusian Economies: Comparative Aspect, Cross Points and Growth

The international authors’ crew has recorded the weaknesses and strengths of the innovative development of the economies of the Russian Federation (RF) and the Republic of Belarus (RB), the points of their real intersection and the existing reserves of cooperation, that are relevant for the current situation having used analytical tools. The results of analysis in these materials helped define similar features of the two economies as a high scientific and educational potential. The study aimed to identify areas where the advantages of one economy under study are clear. The authors found that the RF economy excels in investments and the market environment, while RB excels in infocommunication technologies and the optimality of the branches’ economics. The research will continue to develop and clarifying ways for further cooperation between the two countries. The experience exchange and higher engineering education, high-tech sector and R&D will enable RF to use the positive experience of Belarusian partners today.

A potential new biomarker in HNSCC: metastasis suppressor protein 1 (MTSS1)

ObjectiveMetastasis suppressor protein 1 (MTSS1) is a prognostic tumour marker in different malignant epithelial tumour entities and previously mainly the MTSS1 expression was analyzed. This study evaluated the best analysis method as a prognosis and aggressiveness tumour marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Study DesignMTSS1 expression, MTSS1 intensity, interpretation MTSS1 score and MTSS1 edging score were analysed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue slices of 60 patients with proven HNSCC and correlated with clinical and pathological outcome parameters. ResultsA lack of MTSS1 expression showed tumour aggressiveness, but surprisingly, mainly MTSS1 intensity was correlated with a worse patient outcome. There was a significant correlation between higher MTSS1 intensity and an increased risk for lymph node metastasis (p = 0.027) and a significant increased risk for extracapsular growth (p = 0.016). Furthermore, disease-specific survival was worse in cases with higher MTSS1 intensity (p = 0.001). ConclusionMTSS1 intensity has a high scientific potential for further studies and could potentially be used as a prognostic marker in diagnostic and therapeutic decision making.

Directions and mechanisms for intensifying the development of Russian territories with high scientific potential (ZATOs, science cities, Innopolises)

Directions and mechanisms for intensifying the development of Russian territories with high scientific potential (ZATOs, science cities, Innopolises)

Технологическое развитие и производительность труда: региональная проекция

Taking into account the current economic agenda, returning to a path of sustainable growth is a fundamentally relevant issue. One of the key drivers may be increased labor productivity. However, regional differences in the dynamics of scientific and technological potential may hinder the achievement of this goal. The article provides a comparative analysis of the dynamics of labor productivity and the models of technological development demonstrated by Russian regions for the period 2010–2020. To take into account regional heterogeneity, the country’s regions were grouped into four groups according to two dimensions – the level oflabor productivity and the level of scientific and technological development. It was found that the growth of labor productivity in different groups of regions was accompanied by different combinations of capital-labor dynamics, changes in innovative and absorptive abilities, and production efficiency. The results of the study also indicate the priorities of regional scientific, technical and industrial policy: 1) support for the growth of capital-labor ratio in developed and developing regions; 2) for developing regions with high scientific and technical potential – priority areas of support should be related to increasing innovative capabilities, and for low ones – with stimulating increased production efficiency.

STRATEGY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTITY OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY BASED ON THE EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCE AND MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL

The directions of the strategy of sustainable development of the subject of economic activity based on the effective use of resource and management potential have been studied. It is substantiated that the strategic concept of sustainable development of the development of the subject of economic activity is implemented in practice with the help of an effective selection of goals and means of their achievement, a set of rules of conduct in the markets of production factors, partners and ways of optimizing resource consumption, as well as the selection of a competitive advantage in the country and on world market. The basic principles of forming a strategy for the sustainable development of an economic entity based on the effective use of resource and management potential are proposed. The proposed conceptual basis of the resource and management potential of the development of the business entity, which creates certain prerequisites for achieving the appropriate level and set of costs associated with the implementation of the business entity's goals and objectives. The application of the market and resource approach in the formation of the strategy of sustainable development of the subject of economic activity is proposed. The conceptual basis of the model of the process of strategic analysis and planning of the activity of the subject of economic activity in the conditions of global challenges has been developed. It is proven that the integration of resource and market approaches allows to improve the analysis of the actual strategic position of the entity of economic activity and ensures decision-making regarding excess capacity based on a broader information base. An effective tool for ensuring the sustainable development of a business entity is a systematic methodology for analyzing its resource and management potential, which allows to ensure its compliance with the strategic goals of the business entity and the methods of their achievement. In the conditions of global challenges, the resource-market approach to a greater extent ensures the compliance of the economic entity with the parameters of the market environment. The assessment of the state of the economic potential of most business entities visualized that the main threats to the opportunities of business entities are the physical and moral aging of non-current assets, insufficient investment in fixed capital; deterioration of the financial condition of economic entities; destruction of economic relations and military aggression. The strategic direction of sustainable development of the country should be considered the scientific and technical rearmament of industry based on the restoration of the production potential of enterprises using, first of all, domestic innovative technologies. The main principles of functioning and post-war development of economic potential are: preservation and development of high scientific and technical potential; expansion of investment potential, primarily through the use of internal sources; structural changes in the national economy; development of intellectual potential and digitization of economic processes.

Развитие наукоградов России: мониторинг проблем

The article is intended to raise the issue of Russian cities with the official status of “science city” according to the Federal Law “On the Status of Science City of the Russian Federation” dated April 7, 1999 № 70-FZ. The rele-vance is due to the strategic importance of innovation, education and science in the context of new external challenges to Russian society on the one hand, and the importance of science cities as cities with high scien-tific, technical and intellectual potential, a kind of centers for the development of innovative products, on the other. The institutional foundations of science cities’ activity are considered. It reveals a number of legal and managerial issues. In particular, there are problems in the mechanism of assignment/confirmation of the sci-ence city status, the terms of its prolongation, as well as difficulties associated with the development, approval and implementation of strategies for socio-economic development of science cities, limited municipal powers hampering socio-economic development. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the inconsistency of science city managerial processes leads to the fact that the socio-economic effect from the implementation of strategies does not have such a noticeable impact on the social infrastructure of science cities and the well-being of the population.

IMP3 Expression as a Potential Tumour Marker in High-Risk Localisations of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: IMP3 in Metastatic cSCC.

High IMP3 expression is correlated with a worse outcome. Until now, there have been no data about IMP3 expression and clinical outcome for high-risk localisation of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (cSCC). One-hundred twenty-two patients with cSCC of the lip and ear were included, and IMP3 expression in the tumours was immunohistochemically assessed in different evaluation approaches. Subsequently, subgroups were analysed in a matched pair approach and correlated with clinical pathologic parameters. In the following, different IMP3 analysis methods were tested for clinical suitability. We found a significant correlation between IMP3 expression and risk for lymph node metastasis, local relapse, and progression-free survival. On basis of our data, we suggest a prognostic benefit cutoff value for high (>50%) and low (<50%) IMP3 expression. Thus, IMP3 expression has a high scientific potential for further studies and could potentially be used as a prognostic marker in diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making.

Динамика численности и социокультурный статус российских соотечественников в Абхазии и Армении

The article presents some analytical materials obtained during the ethnographic expedition “Modern ethnoworld. Horizons of the Caucasus” on the territory of Abkhazia and Armenia. The problems of ethnic Russians - compatriots living in the countries of Transcaucasia in the post-Soviet space are considered. Studies have shown that the Russian population in Abkhazia and Armenia reached its largest number in the 80s before perestroika. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the first major wave of migration of compatriots to Russia took place, the cause of the second migration wave was military conflicts, natural disasters and the subsequent economic recession. According to the results of the population census on the territory of the former Soviet republics, the number of compatriots as a whole has halved. Historically, the Russian population is concentrated in the capital and other central cities with developed industry and high educational, scientific and cultural potential. In Armenia, the places of compact residence of Russians in 11 villages located in the north-east of the country are widespread, among them are Lermontovo and Fioletovo, in which the descendants of the Old Believers of the imperial period, the Molokans, have been preserved. In Abkhazia, the Russian population lives in Sukhum and the Gagra region, there are practically no places of compact residence. In Abkhazia and Armenia, there is a high degree of socio-cultural adaptation of Russians to the titular majority. In Abkhazia, along with the state Abkhazian, Russian is recognized as the language of state and other institutions, and plays an important administrative role. In Armenia, the Russian language does not have an official status and serves as the language of interethnic communication. In both countries, the Russian language is represented in the media, and television channels are broadcast in Russian. Despite the difficulties faced by compatriots, they managed to maintain their national identity. A major role in this was played by the Russian state policy to support compatriots abroad and the efforts of the authorities of Abkhazia and Armenia

APPLICATION OF METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES IN REPAIR AND RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ICE VALVE)

Traditional technologies for building restorative coatings have exhausted their resource and their use does not provide the required economic indicators. Therefore, the issues of finding innovative approaches in repair production remain relevant and require a fundamental approach. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the possibilities of using thin metal matrix composites in repair and restoration coatings. (Materials and methods) Used a metal composition based on a metal matrix - nickel, additionally reinforced with boron carbide and zirconium oxide and applied to the working surface of the valve plate of the internal combustion engine. For the first time, the technology of selective laser sintering was used in the formation of thin reducing coatings under conditions of short-pulse laser reflow of powder media. To assess the heat resistance of the analyzed coating, we have developed a method for testing the temperature resistance of valves, simulating the operation of the valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine. Tribological indicators of coatings were studied using modern techniques and instrumentation to study anti-wear properties. (Results and discussion) Confirmed the possibility of practical implementation of restorative coatings based on metal composite compounds. The restorative coatings studied on the surface of the valve plates of internal combustion engines showed an increase in the wear resistance of the interfaces up to 480 percent. Higher temperature resistance and bully resistance of the contacting surfaces were observed under conditions of oil starvation and dry friction. It was revealed that the decrease in the wear resistance of coatings is determined by a decrease in the coefficient of friction due to the action of tribofilms formed as a result of high temperatures in the friction zone and resistant to dynamic and kinematic loading. (Conclusions) The presented research results have high scientific potential and practical significance. Their use will increase the reliability and durability of machine parts in the conditions of repair and machine-building production.

Unified Power Systems Engineering of Mobile Technical Objects

Currently, the focus on the integration of technical objects is one of the recognized trends in the development of most areas of technical sciences. The ideas of horizontal and vertical integration tested in shipbuilding are considered. In particular, the ideas laid down in the concept of electric propulsion, a unified power systems engineering and an electric ship, which have a high scientific potential and should become a theoretical and practical basis for improving the power systems engineering of various mobile technical objects. Taking into account political realities and market conditions, first of all, it is suggested to use the expressed proposals for creation and improvement of on-board power systems engineering for a line of unmanned uninhabited objects (in the future covering the needs of aircraft, marine underwater and surface vehicles).

The circular economy model and the role of solvates in regional innovative development (the case of Russian regions)

Relevance. Recent practice has convincingly tested the fact that the transition to a circular economy is an important goal for society and individual companies, especially in resource-intensive manufacturing industries. Research objective. The purpose of the study is to develop a theoretical and methodological basis for the creation of innovative solvates in regional industry, based on the concept of circular economy. Data and methods. The research methodology is represented by the convergence of system-synergetic, resource-efficient and cluster approaches, which makes it possible to identify regions where integrating industrial enterprises and related fields of activity form conditions and produce values in the concept of the circular economy. Results. The theoretical and methodological basis for the creation of new structures for the innovative development of regional industry on the platform of circularity, principles of inclusiveness, resilience and environmental friendliness has been formed; a new concept - innovative solvates has been introduced into scientific circulation. Based on the cluster analysis, the zones of localization of innovative solvates in the regions of Russia were identified. This made it possible to single out a cluster group with a high scientific and innovative potential, as well as a cluster of regions with the potential to localize innovative solvates, which included regions of industrial and resource specialization. Conclusions. The article presents the directions of solving the problem of achieving the conditions imposed by the circular economy in the innovative solvates of the industrial sector of the region. The study is motivated by several considerations. The first is the formation of an integral conceptual and terminological apparatus, theoretical and methodological basis of research. The second is the establishment of partnerships necessary for the implementation of circularity conditions in an innovative solvate, and the analysis of ways in which a solvate can switch to a circular economy.

DIAGNOSTICS AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Knowledge-intensive organizations with advanced technologies and high scientific and technical potential are called upon to play a special strategic role in ensuring a new quality and pace of development of the country's economy. The basis for the development of innovative susceptibility in the science-intensive field is the existing scientific and technical complex, which is a set of organizations that carry out scientific, technical and educational activities, and a technological complex, represented by existing production organizations. The innovative potential of organizations is a decisive factor determining the direction and intensity of development of the innovative component of scientific and technical entrepreneurship. In this regard, the question arises of choosing the most effective tool for diagnosing the level of an organization's innovative potential at a given moment and assessing its dynamics for the purpose of further development, which makes it possible to quickly determine internal capabilities, identify development reserves of the organization in order to increase its investment attractiveness and market value.

Classification of the Effort Index and Biomechanical Overload in Natural Trails of UNESCO Global Geoparks-A Network Perspective of Trails of the Araripe UGG (NE Brazil).

Natural trails in UNESCO Global Geopark territories show strong salutogenic, inclusive and interactive characteristics as potentials and opportunities for ecosystem health. It is essential to provide information to inform the hiker as to the characteristics of the environment and the attractions and challenges of the route. Based on a network analysis methodology we aimed to identify the indicators of centrality and strength of connection in order to classify the effort index and biomechanical overload of the Araripe UNESCO Global Geopark trails in Brazil. The results showed strong connection and centrality of the variables related to the biomechanical overload in the effort index. In the trail of Pontal de Cruz the altimetric variation and the surface of the ground are highlighted in the biomechanical overload that presented a horizontal course equivalent 2.6 times larger than the presented distance. In Sítio Fundão trail, the surface of the ground also stood out, increasing the exposure in 36% of the presented distance. On the Missão Velha Waterfall trail, the variable that stood out was the biomechanical overload on the knee, equivalent to a horizontal increase of 28% of the measured distance. The methodology presented sought to optimise the mapping, management and consolidation of a network of natural trails aggregated to a high geotouristic, scientific, educational, cultural and well-being potential as presented in the Araripe UGG territory.

Innovative scientific and technological centers as a promising tool for regional development of science and technology leadership

Subject. This article discusses the role of scientific research in the development of the modern economy and the forms of State support for regions with high scientific and technological potential. Objectives. The article aims to develop new tools for State support of scientific activities. Methods. For the study, I used general scientific research methods. Results. The article describes the features of the development of innovative scientific and technological centers and their differences from innovation and research and education centers. The article also presents practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of innovative research and education centers. Conclusions. The effective development of science and technology in Russia requires adjusting the methods of supporting innovative projects depending on the stage of their implementation.

Innovative air purification by separation of gas-dust heterogeneous systems

The article analyzes the anomalous phenomena of nature, which are largely associated with the growing destructive, sometimes criminal in relation to nature, activity of "man" in the interests of irrepressible personal enrichment, through predatory extraction of all types of natural resources. Attention is drawn to the need to assess the activities of hundreds of thousands of facilities around the world that generate discharges into reservoirs and emissions into the atmosphere of various harmful inclusions in their production processes. Examples of recognized world leaders in the field of filtration technologies with vast experience, high scientific and technical potential of engineering staff and management are given. The design and technological features of existing modern filters are considered in detail. The requirements for the properties of filters of new generations and their cleaning capabilities are formulated. The distinctive aerodynamic properties of gases and dispersed inclusions used in FAD-G filters are considered in detail, the aerodynamics of gas media in them is considered and the results of research and testing of these models are analyzed. In conclusion, the signs and properties of new generations of FAD-G are analyzed, the world novelty of the invention and possible applications in our country are noted. Any abbreviations are prohibited. The abstract should reflect not only the relevance of the topic, but also contain a summary of the article material. Please focus on this. Use the expressions "The author is represented by...", "In the article...", etc. The abstract should be at least 200 words long

Assessment of the predictive potential of international Sovietology

Aim. The work aimed to review and analyze the opinions of international Sovietologists regarding the ways of the Soviet economy development of the late socialist period, as well as to identify problems of the prognostic potential of international Sovietology.Tasks. The work was performed to study scenarios for the development of the pre-perestroika Soviet economic model and problems in their prediction by international analysts.Methods. The object of study was the international historiography of the USSR economic history in the pre-perestroika period. The sources of information were official statistics and the works of international analysts. The authors of this article used general scientific research methods, as well as methods of historical and economic analysis.Results. An analysis of international studies shows that the hypothetical scenarios for the development of the Soviet Union put forward by Sovietologists before perestroika were based on prognosis of previous years, conflicting statistical data and scientific methods tested under the conditions of the capitalist economic model. Meanwhile, the Soviet planned socialist model represented a different type of economy, which had not previously been tried to be implemented on a national scale (the situation remains the same in the period considered). According to the position of international researchers, despite the low growth values of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the main leader of the economy, the industrial sector (taking into account the fall in oil revenues and stiffening of sanctions against the USSR in the early 1980s), the economy remained stable. Due to large margins of safety in the form of developed industry, agriculture, infrastructure, high scientific potential, and a huge stock of natural resources, the further existence of the USSR was not in doubt.Conclusion. Many Sovietologists have written about the need for fundamental changes in the Soviet planned economic system. At the same time, they took into account the significant difficulties and risks associated with possible reforms, believing that the consequences of the radical introduction of the market into the planned economy could be significant disturbances. This is one of the reasons why, in the pre-perestroika period, few Western analysts admitted the possibility of large-scale reforms in the near future.