High Saturation Research Articles

Effect of pore throats on the reservoir quality of tight sandstone: A case study of the Yanchang Formation in the Zhidan area, Ordos Basin

Abstract Due to the tight sandstone widespread development of nanoscale pore-throat systems, the microscopic pore-throat characteristics of tight reservoirs are the focus of research. Taking the main tight oil production province of the Ordos Basin in China as a case study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), pressure-controlled mercury injection (PMI), scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography (μCT) are used to analyze the characteristics of four types of tight sandstones with different pore throats. Furthermore, the effects of pore throats on movable fluid, connectivity, and reservoir physical properties are analyzed. The results show that the pore throats of the four types of tight sandstones are obviously different, but they are all dominated by nanoscale pore-throat systems. From types I to IV, the pore types of the tight sandstone change from residual intergranular pores to the coexistence of feldspar dissolved pores and residual intergranular pores and then to the coexistence of residual intergranular pores and intergranular micropores. The T 2 NMR spectrum changes from a double peak to a single peak, the pore-throat connectivity revealed by μCT decreases from 83.8% for type I to 13.1% for type IV, the pore-throat volume ratio revealed by PMI decreases from 2.09 to 0.43, and the NMR movable fluid saturation decreases from 38.91 to 12.39%. Tight sandstone with larger pores and a uniform distribution has high movable fluid saturation and good pore-throat connectivity. Although the tight sandstone with dissolved pores and intergranular pores may have a medium porosity, the pore–throat connectivity deteriorates compared with high porosity sandstone. Large pore throats, which account for less than 15% of all pore throats, contribute more than 90% of the permeability, while pore throats less than 0.8 μm in diameter are major contributors to the reservoir space, and both the porosity and permeability decrease as the pore-throat diameter decreases.

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Permo–Triassic Silicic Volcanic Rocks from the Circum-Rhodope Belt in the Vardar/Axios Zone, Northern Greece: An Example of a Post-Collision Extensional Tectonic Setting in the Tethyan Realm

The western side of the Vertiskos Unit crystalline basement in northern Greece is fringed by a Permo–Triassic low-grade metamorphic volcano-sedimentary complex that belongs to the Circum-Rhodope Belt (CRB), which is an important part of the Vardar/ Axios oceanic suture zone. The silicic volcanic rocks from the CRB are mainly rhyolitic to rhyodacitic lavas with aphyric and porphyritic textures as well as pyroclastic deposits. In this study, geochemical data obtained with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for the CRB silicic volcanic rocks are reported and discussed to constrain their petrogenesis and tectonic setting. The rocks are peraluminous and show enrichment in K, Rb, Th, Zr, Y, and Pb while being depleted in Ba, Sr, Nb, P, and Ti, and they have Zr + Nb + Y + Ce > 350 ppm, which are characteristic features of anorogenic A-type granites. They have a Y/Nb ratio > 1.2 and belong to A2-subtype granitoids, implying crust-derived magma in a post-collisional tectonic setting. The high Rb/Sr ratio (3.45–39.14), the low molar CaO/(MgO + FeOt) ratio, and the CaO/Na2O ratio (<0.5), which they display, indicate that metapelites are the magma sources. Their low Al2O3/TiO2 ratio (<100), consistent with their high zircon saturation temperatures (average TZr = 886 °C), and their low Pb/Ba ratio (average 0.06) reveal that they were generated by biotite dehydration melting. The increased Rb/Sr ratio relative to that of presumable parental metapelites of the Vertiskos Unit, coupled with their low Sr/Y ratio (0.12–1.08), reflects plagioclase and little or no garnet in the source residue, indicating magma derivation at low pressures of 0.4–0.8 GPa that correspond to a depth of ~15–30 km. The nearby tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, interstratified with the Triassic pelagic sediments, indicate bimodal volcanism in the region. They also support a model involving an upwelling asthenosphere that underplated the Vertiskos Unit basement, supplying the heat required for crustal melting at low pressures. The Permo–Triassic magmatism marks the transition from an orogenic to an anorogenic environment during the initial stage of continental breakup of the Variscan basement in a post-collision extensional tectonic framework, leading to the formation of the nascent Mesozoic Neo-Tethyan Maliac–Vardar Ocean. This apparently reveals that the Variscan continental collision between the Gondwana-derived Vertiskos and Pelagonian terranes must have been completed by at least the earliest Late Permian.

Utilization of Red Mud and Biofertilizer for Peat Quality Improvement and Its Effect on the Growth and Production of Hybrid Corn

Peatlands are suboptimal lands that can be improved its quality to be used for agricultural cultivation. One of which is by using red mud and biofertilizer. Red mud, a by-product of bauxite processing, is widely available in West Kalimantan. Red mud has high pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium and base saturation. Biofertilizers are products containing selected microorganisms that can help enhance plant growth and yield. This study aims to examine the effects of red mud and biofertilizer applications on peat quality improvement and their impact on the growth and yield of hybrid corn. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was red mud with three dosage levels: control (l0), 6 tons/ha (l1), and 12 tons/ha (l2). The second factor was biofertilizer with three types: control (p0), Mycofer at 10 g/plant (p0), and Provibio at 10 ml/l (p2). The results showed that red mud at a dose of 12 tons/ha significantly affected soil pH, electrical conductivity, plant growth, and hybrid corn yield. The interaction of 12 tons/ha red mud and Provibio biofertilizer significantly increased sodium content and achieved the highest uptake of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

Ultrafast Photodiodes With High Saturation Power Based on an Automated Intelligent Design System

Ultrafast Photodiodes With High Saturation Power Based on an Automated Intelligent Design System

Migration of magnetic microparticles through a liquid–liquid interface under an external magnetic field

Liquid–liquid interfaces play a pivotal role in various microfluidic processes involving microparticles, including coating, dissolution, controlled release of polyelectrolytes or drugs, and self-assembly processes. In all of these cases, noninvasive techniques to manipulate the microparticle transport are essential. Magnetic manipulation offers an accessible and straightforward means of controlling the motion of magnetic particles within microfluidic devices. Magnetic microparticles are commonly used for conformal polyelectrolyte coating and drug encapsulation by passing them through a liquid–liquid interface due to their high saturation magnetization, stability, and low toxicity. In this work, we draw inspiration from the lack of studies on the behavior of magnetic particles near a liquid–liquid interface under conditions of low Reynolds numbers and high capillary action, despite its engineering relevance in microfluidic systems. We consider a canonical flow configuration in which particle motion is driven by the stagnation-point flow that is generated when two different liquids flow toward one another. We show how the operating conditions dictate whether the particle will pierce the interface and become coated or not and illustrate this via parameter-space plots. We use the results of this analysis to understand how the operating conditions influence the fraction of particles that pass through the liquid–liquid interface and are conformally coated, which may be used to guide a variety of industrial processes.

Quercetin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for enhanced anti-helminthic activity.

Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, exhibits various anti-carcinogenic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory properties, and anti-helminthic properties. Still, a major portion of orally administered quercetin is metabolized in the intestine and only little amount get absorbed in the portal veins, attributing to its poor bioavailability. The lipid content of food increases the solubility, which inspired us to fabricate lipid-based nanoparticles that will be biocompatible, orally administrable, and enhance the effectiveness of quercetin in hosts. Quercetin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-Qt) are spherical-shaped, water-soluble in nature, and nanocarriers having a hydrodynamic size of 130.7 ± 42.0 nm showing a drug entrapment efficiency of 79.75 % with sustained drug release of 37.5 ± 1.5 % within the first 24 h at pH 6.4. The drug release was observed till 6 days with 93.7 ± 3.0 % of drug release at pH 7.4. These results suggest improved drug entrapment, high saturation solubility, and better drug distribution. The in-vivo analysis was performed in house rats (Rattus rattus), which were found infected with Syphacia muris, Aspicularis tetraptera, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, Cysticercus fasciolaris, Calodium hepaticum, and/ or Trichuris muris. SLN-Qt (200 mg/Kg) treatment showed a significant reduction of parasite egg counts (85.09 ± 15.00 %) of gastrointestinal helminths after 3-dose weekly treatment. Liver histology and biochemical analysis of blood plasma and liver homogenate showed no toxic effects of quercetin and SLN-Qt. Therefore, SLN-Qt presents a promising strategy for delivering poorly soluble drugs and could be a valuable tool in controlling parasitic infections and diseases.

Displacement of hydrocarbon liquids by water using the models of zonally heterogeneous deformable formations

Relevance. The need to predict the main indicators of the development of a gas condensate deposit represented by elastic zonal heterogeneous reservoirs. In this case, the real PVT properties of a two-phase hydrocarbon system and the rheology of reservoir rocks are taken into account. Aim. Based on the study of the causes of high residual gas saturation and oil saturation of hydrocarbon deposits, it is necessary to solve the problem of displacing hydrocarbon liquids with water injected into the reservoir in zonal heterogeneous reservoirs. In this case, a circular reservoir developed by a central well is represented as consisting of two zones with different reservoir-capacity and rheological properties. Objects. The processes of hydrocarbon system filtration to the central well during displacement by water in a zonally heterogeneous formation. The current position of the water front has a radius r_v. The flooding contour has a radius R_k. It is known that the motion of two-phase hydrocarbon systems in deformable reservoirs is represented by complex nonlinear partial differential equations. An analytical solution of such equations is possible only with the use of special approaches. In this paper, the averaging method and the Khristianovich function will be used to linearize the equations. To predict the well flow rate, an algorithm it is necessary to determine the noted reservoir parameters at any time. For this purpose, we will use the material balance equations for the gas and liquid phases of the hydrocarbon system and the volume of water penetrating into the reservoir. Methods. Solution of the equation of unsteady water filtration taking into account boundary and boundary conditions. Results and conclusions. The results are obtained for forecasting the development of the main indicators of displacement of hydrocarbon liquids to the well, when near the well (in the inner zone) and in the remote part of the deposit (i. e. in the outer zone) the formation has different reservoir-capacity and rheological characteristics. The above approach allows determining the main indicators of a gas condensate deposit development under various technological modes, taking into account the difference in permeability and the nature of deformations of the bottomhole zone and in the remote part of the reservoir. The obtained solution allows forecasting the main indicators of the development of a gas condensate deposit represented by elastic zonal-heterogeneous collectors. The proposed algorithm allows simulating almost any technological mode of injection and well. Thus, it is possible to reproduce the mode of a given water injection rate and a given pressure on the flooding contour.

Simulation study of a novel GaN on Si quasi-vertical reverse-conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor

Abstract In this paper, a novel GaN on Si quasi-vertical reverse conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor(RC-IGBT) with a new NPN structure is proposed and simulated by Silvaco TCAD. The distinctive feature of this structure lies in fabricating the original bottom P-Collector on the wafer surface. In comparison to conventional IGBT devices with PNPN structures, this NPN structure overcomes two major challenges: the difficulty in forming ohmic contacts due to the activation difficulty of the bottom P-GaN and the necessity of creating backside through-holes for electrode formation. Simultaneously, the N-GaN in the emitter and reverse-conducting regions can be selectively regrown through Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) or Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), avoiding the etching effect of top-layer N-GaN on P-GaN during the fabrication of P-type electrodes. This approach demonstrates a high level of process feasibility. In this paper, Silvaco TCAD is used to simulate the static and dynamic characteristics of this novel quasi-vertical RC-IGBT device. The simulation results reveal that the device has a high saturation current(Ion,sat) density of 18224.67A/cm2 at Vge=14V,a threshold voltage (Vth) of 5V,a breakdown voltage of 828V,a latch-up voltage of 800V ,and a switching speed of nanoseconds. In addition, the selection of device parameters is studied in this paper.

Erbium: key to simultaneously achieving superior temperature-stability and high magnetic properties in 2 : 17-type permanent magnets.

To address the demands of rapidly advancing precision instruments requiring higher efficiency and miniaturization, permanent magnets must exhibit exceptional energy density, temperature stability, high magnetic energy product [(BH)max], and adequate coercivity (Hcj). Herein, we design rare earth Er-based magnets (2 : 17-type Er-magnets) with a composition of (Er, Sm)(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)7.6. Erbium-based compounds (Er2Co17) offer a unique combination of temperature compensation and high saturation magnetization compared to other heavy rare earth elements, resulting in 2 : 17-type Er-magnets with superior temperature stability in Br and (BH)max. Partially substituting Sm reduces the energy barrier for the 2 : 17H-to-2 : 17R phase transition, promoting the development of a complete cellular structure and achieving enhanced coercivity. Notably, the optimal performance is obtained with Er constituting 60% of the total rare earth content, delivering a near-zero temperature-coefficient for Br and (BH)max within 20-150 °C while maintaining Br at 8.92 kG, Hcj at 29.83 kOe, and (BH)max at 18.5 MGOe. These 2 : 17-type Er-magnets provide valuable insights for developing permanent magnets with exceptional comprehensive properties.

Imidazolium-Functionalized Ionic Porous Organic Polymer for Efficient Removal of Oxo-Anions Pollutants from Water

The development of highly efficacious materials for the removal of toxic heavy metal-based oxo-anions is of utmost importance. Herein, an ionic porous organic polymer (designated as HB-IPOP) was synthesized through a quaternization reaction between hexa(imidazole-1-yl)benzene and 5,5′-Bis(bromomethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine. HB-IPOP exhibited high saturation uptake capacities, specifically 292 mg·g−1 for Cr2O72− and 531 mg·g−1 for ReO4−, and demonstrated exceptional selectivity for both Cr2O72− and ReO4−. Additionally, HB-IPOP demonstrates high recyclability, allowing its reuse over at least five cycles. DFT calculations confirmed that the superior interaction sites and binding energies of HB-IPOP with Cr2O72− and ReO4− outperform the affinities of other competing anions. This theoretical validation aligns with the experimentally observed high capacity and selectivity of HB-IPOP for these oxo-anions. Hence, HB-IPOP emerges as a promising candidate to replace current adsorbent materials in the effective removal of Cr2O72− and TcO4− anions from water.

Abnormal p‐type Gas‐Sensing Response to Ether in Co‐ZnO Nanocomposite Film and Its Significant Room‐Temperature Magnetoresistance

AbstractAs a remarkable gas‐sensing material, ZnO is limited by the gas selectivity of its indiscriminate response to multiple gases. Herein, abnormal p‐type responses to ether but n‐type responses to othervolatile organic compoundsare observed in Co‐ZnO nanocomposite films. It should be attributed to the p‐type inversion region at the ZnO particle interface, on which ether tends to selectively adsorb. By controlling Co content, a nanoflower structure is realized, which significantly increases the adsorption sites and enhances the abnormal p‐type response to eight times that of ZnO film. Dual‐mode output based on chemiresistive and magnetoresistance responses offers another way to improve gas selectivity. To this point, a dual‐response structure of Co‐ZnO nanocomposite granular film is constructed with superficial Co3O4‐ZnO p‐n heterojunction and internal Co‐ZnO superparamagnetic conduction path. The high saturation magnetization of 2990 Gs is realized in Co‐ZnO film with 26 at.% Co. P‐type gas‐sensing resistance variation of 12% and room‐temperature magnetoresistance of ‐7% are simultaneously achieved.

Arbitrary hue-brightness structural colors with high saturation generated by anisotropic metasurfaces

Arbitrary hue-brightness structural colors with high saturation generated by anisotropic metasurfaces

The Influence of Terfenol-D Content on the Structure and Properties of Multiferroic Composites Obtained Based on PZT-Type Material and Terfenol-D.

In this work, three composite materials based on Terfenol-D and PZT-type material were obtained with a classic sintering method using a combination of 0-3 phases, where the ferroelectric phase was doped PZT material (P) and the magnetic phase was Terfenol-D (T). The percentage of P and T components in the composites was variable, i.e., 90% P/10% T (P90-T10), 70% P/30% T (P70-T30), and 50% P/50% T (P50-T50). Structural, microstructure, dielectric, and magnetic properties and DC electric conductivity of multiferroic composites were investigated. Chemical composition analyses and X-ray studies showed a decomposition of the composite compositions, forming additional phases, most of which contained rare earth elements and Fe. Microstructural SEM-BE (backscattering) images distinguished areas of bright intensity with a dominant ferroelectric phase and dark areas with a dominant magnetic element dominance. Despite the composition decomposition, the composite materials retained good dielectric and magnetic properties at room temperature. The highest stability of dielectric parameters was maintained by the P90-T10 composition with high values of permittivity ε = 570 at room temperature RT (εm = 7300 at the phase transition temperature Tm) and the lowest dielectric tangent loss (tanδ of 0.32 and 1.94 for RT and Tm, respectively). Increasing the Terfenol-D share in the composite causes a significant increase in dielectric tangent loss and electrical conductivity, a decrease in permittivity, and an increase in the degree of phase transition blurring. The magnetic properties for all P-T composite compositions at RT were preserved and were 0.31 emu/g, 1.60 emu/g, and 4.56 emu/g for P90-T10, P70-T30, P50-T50, respectively. For the M-H hysteresis loop at room temperature, the maximum magnetization increased from 1.17 emu/g for (P90-T10) to 15.18 emu/g for (P50-T50), while the coercive field decreased from 271.8 mT for P90-T10 to 9.7 mT for P50-T50. It is also interesting to maintain the high saturation of the M-H magnetic hysteresis loop in the composite with the lowest Terfenol-D content (P90-T10). The magnetic properties for all P-T composite compositions at room temperature were preserved and were 0.31 emu/g, 1.60 emu/g, and 4.56 emu/g for P90-T10, P70-T30, and P50-T50, respectively. For the M-H hysteresis loop at RT, the maximum magnetization increased from 1.17 emu/g for (P90-T10) to 15.18 emu/g for (P50-T50), while the coercive field decreased from 0.272 T for P90-T10 to 0.001 T for P50-T50. It is also interesting to maintain the high saturation of the M-H magnetic hysteresis loop in the composite with the lowest Terfenol-D content (P90-T10). Due to the tendency to combine with oxygen and the high electric conductivity of Terfenol-D, limiting its amount in the composite composition is appropriate. At 10% of Terfenol-D, the composite has good dielectric properties, and the magnetic parameters remain satisfactory.

Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation and its potential relationship with neurodevelopmental delay in pediatric liver transplant recipients.

To discover the potential association between diminished intraoperative average SctO2 levels and postoperative neurodevelopmental delays among patients after pediatric living-donor liver transplantation. Patients undergoing living-donor liver transplantation were recruited for this trial. The neurodevelopment status of patients was assessed using the Ages Stages Questionnaires. The primary outcome was the occurrence of neurodevelopmental delay among patients at different intervals following pediatric liver transplantation. Secondary outcomes included the duration of mechanical ventilation, rates of re-intubation, length of ICU stay, postoperative hospitalization, and intraoperative comparisons of mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. A total of 119 patients were included in the statistical analysis and assigned to high saturation group (HS) and low saturation group (LS) according to the average intraoperative cerebral tissue oxygen saturation values. Following adjustment for PELD scores, significant differences between the two groups were observed for the incidence of neurodevelopmental delay in communication at 1 and 3 months follow-up (P = 0.019 and P = 0.020, respectively), fine motor at six months follow-up (P = 0.014), and problem-solving abilities at one year follow-up (P = 0.047). Moverover, the length of ICU stay (P = 0.009) and postoperative hospitalization (P = 0.029) in LS group were also significant prolonged. This prospective observational study revealed that the patients with low average SctO2 values were more predisposed to experiencing postoperative neurodevelopment delays, suggesting a potential association between decreased average SctO2 and neurodevelopmental delay.

Research on the basic theory and application of enhanced recovery in tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

Tight sandstone gas reservoirs are characterized by high water saturation, significant seepage resistance, low single-well productivity, rapid decline, and low gas recovery. Enhancing the recovery rate of tight sandstone gas reservoirs is a complex engineering challenge that necessitates thorough, refined, and systematic research into its fundamental theories. This study employs a comprehensive approach integrating mercury injection, nuclear magnetic resonance, micro-model visualization, and simulation experiments of displacement and inter-layer seepage flow, alongside foundational seepage theories, to systematically explore the characteristics of tight sandstone gas reservoirs, seepage patterns, and methods for improving gas recovery. Our findings reveal: (1) Detailed characterization of the microscopic pore characteristics in tight sandstone reservoirs helps disclose the status and mechanisms of gas-water occurrence and the principal mechanisms of water production under gas-water co-sealing conditions, such as gas expansion, energy of water-sealed gas, movable water volume, and displacement pressure gradient; (2) Testing single-phase and gas-water two-phase seepage characteristics under bound water saturation identifies permeability and water saturation as critical parameters influencing gas seepage characteristics; (3) Inter-layer gas-water interaction flow experiments demonstrate the interference in multi-layer commingled production and introduce the concept of an interference index, a predictive model for well productivity and dynamic performance in the Sulige tight sandstone gas reservoir; (4) A model correlating reservoir recovery rates with drive indices has been developed, highlighting that increasing production pressure differential and reducing seepage resistance are the primary strategies for enhancing recovery rates in tight sandstone gas reservoirs, supplemented by six technological countermeasures including water-blocking, water control, and densifying well networks. The research outcomes provide effective guidance for practical measures to enhance recovery in tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

Magnetic and mechanical properties of a sintered Fe-Si alloy with precipitated particles

A sintered Fe-Si alloy with Fe-Ta system particles was fabricated by a synthetic route of sintering via evaporation of an Fe-Si matrix and diffusion of Ta by sintering in high vacuum at high temperature. The Fe-Ta system particles precipitated on the surface and in grain boundaries of the matrix after sintering. The precipitated particles along grain boundaries in particular could contribute to improving mechanical strength by preventing intergranular fracture. The almost full densification observed after sintering and the disordered A2 phase of the matrix could also contribute to improving the strength. The sintered Fe-Si alloy with a controlled Si ratio and precipitation had low magnetic coercivity, low magnetic loss, high magnetic permeability, and high saturation magnetization, but it also maintained high mechanical strength. The fabricated Fe-Si alloy with precipitation showed much better magnetic and mechanical properties than those of conventional sintered alloys and even Si steel sheet (35H300).

Microwave catalytic treatment using magnetically separable CoFe2O4 spinel catalyst for high-rate degradation of malachite green dye.

The release of toxic chemical dyes from the industrial effluent poses huge challenges for the environmental engineers to treat it. Azo dyes encompass the huge part of textile discharges which are difficult to degrade due to their complex chemical aromatic structures and due to the presence of strong bonds (-N=N-). Thus, the removal of a carcinogenic azo dye (i.e., malachite green (MG)), via microwave (MW) - assisted technology in the presence of spinel cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) catalyst was investigated. The synthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were characterized via XRD, FTIR, TGA, VSM, and SEM-EDAX analytical techniques. The nanoparticles were found to be spherical (17.42nm), and crystalline in nature. The impact of MW power (300-700W), MW temperature (60°- 90°C), CoFe2O4 dosage (0-1.2g/L), and initial MG dye concentrations (15-100mg/L) on MG removal were studied. The maximum MG decolorization (>90%) was observed within 2min, and the remaining decolorization was completed within next 3min under the optimized condition. The reaction rates were significantly boosted by MW irradiation, resulting in faster MG degradation with pseudo second-order kinetics rate (R2 ∼ 0.99). The MW irradiation would induce the localised hotspot zones over the catalytic surface, thus promoting the reactive radical species generation, which targeted the organic pollutant achieving the higher degree of mineralization (TOC∼90%). The toxicity reduction after the MW treatment suggests that the bulky toxic aromatic chains of the dye compound might have fragmented into simpler, smaller, and less toxic compounds. The ⦁OH played a major role in the degradation of MG dye through demethylation, elimination of benzene rings, and subsequent mineralization to CO2, and H2O. No detectable leaching of cobalt (Co) metal was observed from the catalyst, which ensured the stability of Co in the catalyst. Moreover, CoFe2O4 was recovered easily after the MW treatment via external magnetic separation, due to its high saturation magnetization value (i.e., 59.5 emu/g). Additionally, cost incurred for dye removal via MW irradiation was compared ($ 308 per kg of the dye pollutant removed) with several other processes, and found on economic side in comparison. According to the findings, the microwave irradiation process assisted by CoFe2O4 treatment offers a practical, and potential approach for treating dye laden wastewater, along with the easier catalyst retrieval mechanism using magnetism.

ITZO-Based Self-Aligned Top Gate Thin-Film Transistor with Minimum Parasitic Capacitance for Long-Retention 2T0C DRAM.

We developed a two-transistor, zero-capacitor (2T0C) gain-cell memory featuring a self-aligned top-gate-structured thin-film transistor (TFT) for the first time. The proposed indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO) channel-incorporated architecture was specifically engineered to minimize parasitic capacitance for achieving long-retention 2T0C memory operations. A typical 2T0C structure features five types of parasitic capacitances; however, the proposed SATG design effectively used an essential gate insulator capacitance (C OX) and reduced four nonessential capacitances (C WBL-WWL, C WWL-SN, C RWL-SN, and C RBL-SN) to virtually zero. The ITZO-based 2T0C gain-cell memory achieved a retention time >10,000 s owing to the extremely low off-current (2.33 × 10-18 A/μm), superior positive-bias stability (0.71 V), and high saturation mobility [17.52 cm2/(V s)] of the optimized TFT structure. Our proposed memory with long retention and high endurance is a promising solution for next-generation 3D-integrated stacked dynamic random-access memories and defines a new structural standard for future memory architectures.

Predicting Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Saturation in Dehydrogenation Cell Gas Diffusion Layers for Hydrogen Storage

AbstractDehydrogenating methylcyclohexane (MCH) as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier offers a promising method for producing stored hydrogen. However, the transport properties of the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in dehydrogenation cells (D‐cells) have not yet been optimized for high reactant saturation at the GDL‐catalyst layer (CL) interface, which is crucial for increasing hydrogen production. We applied pore network modeling (PNM) to quantify the anisotropic transport properties and local saturation of MCH in GDLs with distinct microstructures. We demonstrate that GDLs with larger mean pore diameters and lower tortuosity exhibit higher MCH permeability and diffusivity. Moreover, a high porosity at the GDL‐CL interface increases MCH saturation (from 0.05 to 0.11), highlighting the impact of local GDL porosity on MCH supply to the catalyst. The results of the invasion percolation simulation revealed that smaller pore sizes lead to a longer MCH transport pathway to the GDL‐CL interface, thereby reducing MCH saturation at this interface (by more than twofold), which hinders reactant availability for hydrogen production. Therefore, we recommend a GDL that combines large pores for efficient MCH flow and small pores close to the CL for liquid retention to enhance MCH utilization in the anode of D‐cell, particularly at high current densities.

Review of: "due to chemical stability, high saturation magnetization, high axial anisotropy, high temperature, chemical stability and high corrosion resistance excellent, and high special resistance of nano-electricity,"

Review of: "due to chemical stability, high saturation magnetization, high axial anisotropy, high temperature, chemical stability and high corrosion resistance excellent, and high special resistance of nano-electricity,"